principles and practices of commercial …...principles and practices of commercial construction...

Principles and Practices of Commercial Construction Questions

Problem Set #1

1. Soil particles that are smaller than 0.02 mm and larger than 0.002 mm in diameter are typically classified as:

A. clays B. silts

C. sands D. eolians

2. A point of elevation established by a registered survey and often indicated on the contract plans is known as:

A. monument B. back sight

C. benchmark D. station

3. The process of checking and adjusting a leveling instrument is that the line of sight through the telescope is parallel to a true horizontal plane know as:

A. collimation B. adjusting C. graduation D. sighting

4. The primary difference between a caisson and cast-in-place pile is that a caisson is:

A. longer B. larger in diameter C. more cost effective D. faster to install

5. Shotcrete is defined as concrete conveyed through a hose and projected at a high velocity onto a surface.

A. pneumatically B. hydraulically C. monolithically D. structurally

6. For an excavation that is 14' deep, with sides sloped at 2:1, the total quantity of material to be disposed of is , if the soil sells 15% and the bottom of the excavation measures 20'by 30'.

A. 1,610 cy B. 1,812 cy

C. 2,220 cy D. 1,457 cy

7. Which of the following is not a structural steel bolt?

A. A-307 B. A-325

C. A-375 D. A-490

8. Which of the following is not used to tension a structural steel bolt?

A. pneumatic impact wrench B. torque wrench C. calibration wrench D. load indicator washers

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9. A rubber tire loader will be used to tram 10,000 cy (bank measure) of soil approximately 200' to a stock pile. What would the average production be per hour if the loader was traveling at 5.0 mph. working at a 75% efficiency rating and has 2 cy bucket. The soil shrinkage factor is 0.80 and the cycle time is 2.91 minutes.

A. 10 to 15.0 cy/hr B. 15.1 to 20 cy/hr. C. 20.1 to 25.0 cy/hr D. 25.1 to 30.

10. According to P & P, for a wall form pour, what would be the maximum lateral pressure if the pour a was 4 ft. per per hour and the temperature was 70 degrees F?

A. 500 psf B. 600 psf

C. 664 psf D. 793

11. A contractor has to size a footing founded on firm clay. . The total load on the footing is 9 tons. According to Principles and Practices, the minimum size of the footing is

A. 2' x 2' B. 3' x 3'

C. 4' x 4' D. 5' x 5'

12. What is the approximate strength of 4000 psi concrete, using normal Portland cement, cured at normal temperature, after 7 days.

A. 2560 psi B. 4000 psi

C. 2800 psi D. 1000 psi

13. Which of the following is the correct definition of collimation of a transit?

A.To ensure that the line of sight is perpendicular to the horizontal axis of the instrument B.To ensure that the line of sight is parallel to the horizontal axis of the instrument C.To ensure that the line of sight is parallel to a true horizontal plane D. To ensure that the line of sight is perpendicular to a true perpendicular plane

14. A contractor is to drive a 35' long wood pile 30' the ground. The pile has a tip diameter of 8" and an average diameter of 12". Assume a 700 psf soil shear strength and no end bearing. The total load the pile can support is . Select the closest answer.

A. 27 ton B. 30 ton C. 33 ton D. 40 ton

15. Which of the following strength of bolt is normally used to complement the new high strength steels?

A. A307 B. A490

C. A525 D. A325

16. In a steel frame structure, which type of connection is generally used in location where the applied load acts primarily in one direction without much variation in magnitude?

A. friction B. bearing C. torque D. friction or bearing

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17.A contractor is to pour a 6' high wall at a rate of 6'/hr at 60 degrees F. The design pressure is:

A. 1050 psf B. 900 psf

C. 750 psf D. 1200 psf

18.A horizontal form system should be designed to carry which of the following:

A. gravity load based the mass of the concrete B. weight of the forms C. construction crew & equipment weight D. all of the above

19.A contractor is pouring a concrete beam which is 2' wide. The beam is supported by 1"plywood with Fb = 1930 psi. The plywood is continuous over 4 or more supports with the face grain parallel to the span. The total live load and dead load acting on the form is 200psf. The maximum span of the plywood is:

A. 24" B. 29"

C. 20" D. 14"

20. Bolt holes in structural steel are normally drilled:

A. The same diameter as the bolt diameter B. 1/16" larger than the bolt diameter C. 1/16" smaller than the bolt diameter D. 1/8" larger than the bolt diameter

21. A contractor is going to pour some concrete columns that are 3' x 3'. They will be poured at a rate of 4cy/hr. The columns are 24' tall. The temperature at poring is 80 degrees F, the maximum form design pressure is:

A. 1500 psf B. 900

C. 1500 psf D. 2850 psf

22. A contractor has to excavate a building foundation as shown above. The depth of the excavation is 18' and the sides are sloped at 1:1. The total bank volume of excavation is cy.

A. 942 B. 11,521

C. 10,333 D. 12,628

23. A contractor has a trial batch of air-entrained concrete with a 3-4" slump using 1" aggregate. The maximum mix water is pounds per cubic yard.

A. 258 B. 300

C. 284 D. 325

24. A contractor has to select one of four different materials to use for insulation. Which of the following provides the best insulation?

A. Material A with a U value = 0.76 B. Material B with a U value = 0.120 C. Material C with a U value = 0.58 D. Material D with a U value = 0.30

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25. Which of the following methods is not an acceptable method for tightening or checking tension on high strength steel bolts.

A. torque wrench

B. load indicator C. pneumatic impact wrench

D. turn of nut

26. The in a reinforced concrete beam resists a combination o f shear and tension stresses known as diagonal tension.

A. spiral ties B. temperature reinforcing C. horizontal tension steel D. stirrups

27. The following are advantages of using wood piles except:

A. they have indefinite life if under water B. they produce greater skin friction than other types of piles C. they can carry greater loads than other types of piles D. they are lighter and easier to handle than other types of piles

28. When laying out batter boards for an excavation, they should be set back from the edge of the excavation.

A.2' B. a distance equal to the depth of the excavation C. far enough so they are not disturbed during the excavation D. 5'

29. What is the main point to consider in selecting excavation equipment?

A. rental cost B. capacity of soil that can be removed in a single bucket load C. fuel efficiency of the equipment D. volume of material to be removed

30. What is the name for the horizontal bars that are fastened to posts singularly or in pairs around important points, so that the points can be relocated if disturbed during construction?

A. monuments B. level rods

C. batter boards D. bench marks

31. Wall forms should be designed to resist a minimum force of lbs per ft. at the top of the form.

A.0 B.50 C.100 D.200

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32.Which type of pile transfers loads through unstable surface soils to the more dense stable soils below?

A. bearing piles B. friction plus bearing piles

C. friction piles D. sheet piles

33.The leveling instrument which is designed primarily for measuring horizontal and vertical angles and whose telescope can be rotated 360 degrees in a vertical plane is classified as:

A. level B. line level

C. transit D. builders level

34. In a structural steel frame building, the moment-resisting connection adds stability to the frame, and this connection is also called:

A. pin type B. rigid

C. tension D. braced

35.According to Principals and Practices of Commercial Construction, allowable bearing strength of soft clay is:

A. 6000 psf B. 4000 psf C. 2000 psf D. 1000 psf

36. A construction company has rented a rubber-tired loader for use in loading stock piled excavated material onto a truck at a project site, the following excavation and equipment information is available to the project manager. There are 394 cy of loam excavation (in bank volume) and the loam shrinkage factor is 0.80. The round trip distance from the stock pile to the truck results in total travel and fixed time of 5.0985 minutes. The loader bucket heaped capacity and average speed: 2 cy and 1.5 miles per hour. Assume a machine efficiency of 50 minutes per hour. According to Principle and Practice of Commercial construction the production of rubber tired loader, what is the productivity to move the stock piled loam excavation into trucks? (assume no idle, standby or down time)

A. 10.3 cy B. 13.5 cy C. 15.7 cy D. 17.9 cy

37.A contractor sets up a level rod and takes a back site reading on a bench mark with a known elevation of 22.37'. The rod reading is 6.42 feet. The contractor then gets a rod reading on the bottom of an excavation for a footing. The both elevation of the footing should be 15.0'. What should the rod reading be?

A. 12.21' B. 22.37'

C. 13.79' D. 28.79'

38.Cross bracing loads in a rigid frame in a structural building are usually in:

A. compression B. tension C. in shear D. movement resistant

39.What is the term for the checking and adjustment of a leveling instrument to insure that the line of sight through the telescope is parallel to a true horizontal plane?

A. calibration B. bench mark alignment C. collimation D. crosshair measurement

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40. What is the term for the marker that establishes the boundaries of the lot for a building to be constructed?

A. perimeter location B. birdcages C. corners D. monuments

41. What is the maximum butt diameter for any length wood pile?

A. 16" B. 18"

C. 20" D. 24"

42. To insure the proper bolt torque when connecting structural steel members, all the following may be used except:

A. impact wrenches B. load indicator washers C. center to center pith gauge D. torque wrenches

43. Which of the following would be the best method of construction for sound proofing?

A. 2" x 4" wood stud walls, staggered with insulation B. a single wythe masonry wall with a mass of 36 psf C. 2" x 4" wood stud wall with 2 each 3/8" layers of drywall D.masonry cavity wall with a 1/2" air gap

44. The main difference between a pile and a caisson is that a caisson is:

A. shorter and deeper below grade B. longer and deeper below grade C. smaller in diameter D. larger in diameter

45. According to P & P, for a wall form pour, what would be the maximum lateral pressure if the pour rate was 4 ft/hr and the temperature was 80 degrees F?

A. 550 B. 600

C. 664 D. 150

46. According to P & P, for a wall form pour, what would be the maximum lateral pressure if the pour rate was 6 ft/hr and the temperature was 60 degrees F, for a wall that is 4' in height?

A. 1050 B.750 C.600 D. 900

47. What is the approximate strength of 4000 psi concrete, cured at normal temperature, after 7 days.

A. 2560 psi B. 4000 psi

C. 2800 psi D. 1000 psi

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48.Which of the following does not affect the lifting capacity of a crane?

A. stability of the footing B. clearance height required to reach the pick. C. hydraulic pressure limits D. boom length and its angle from horizontal

49.A contractor takes a reading on point A, with a known elevation of 14.5' and reads 6.1'on the rod. He then takes a reading on point B. The rod reading on point B is 11.9'. The elevation of point B is:

A. 6.4 B. 3.7

C. 12.2 D. 8.7

50. A contractor is forming a 10" thick x 10' high x 50' long free standing reinforced concrete wall. The formwork for the wall is constructed of 3/4" plywood sheathing. Support for the sheathing is continuous over four (4) or more supports. The face grain is parallel to the span (perpendicular to supports). Sheathing properties: fb = 1,545 psi rolling shear is 65 psi, E = 1,500,000 psi. Use S4S lumber, 2 x 4 studs, double 2 x 6 wales, fb=1110 psi, E=1,300,000 psi. The supports for the studs and wales are continuous over 3 or more spans. The concrete temperature at pouring is 60 degrees F and the rate of pour is 3'/hr. If the wales are spaced at 18" on center, what is the maximum span for wales.

A.27" B.49" C.35" D.45"

51.The splice is the most common type of splice because of its simplicity.

A. lap B. welded

C. mechanical D. sleeve

52.The use of steel strapping is an alternate method of tying column forms. If the required ultimate load for the tie is 11,000 lbs, the size of the strapping to be used is

A. 3/4" x 0.035" thick B. 2" x 0.050" thick

C. 1-1/4" x 0.050" thick D. 1-1/4" x 0.035" thick

53. According to Principles and Practices, what is the 14 day strength of 4000 psi concrete, normal strength concrete, cured at low temperatures?

A. 2200 psi B. 4000 psi

C. 3200 psi D. 5500 psi

54.When placing concrete, the maximum distance of free fall of the concrete should be limited to meters.

A. 1 B. 2

C. 3 D. 6

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55. A contractor is going o begin a footing excavation in a clay soil. If the total bank volume of excavation is 100 cy, the contactor should anticipate hauling off the site approximately of material.

A. 125 cy B. 100 cy C. 118 cy D. 132 cy

56. According to P & P, for a wall form pour, what would be the maximum lateral pressure if the pour rate was 4 ft/hr and the temperature was 80 degrees F?

A. 550 B. 600

C. 664 D. 150

57. According to P & P, for a wall form pour, what would be the maximum lateral pressure if the pour rate was 6 ft/hr and the temperature was 60 degrees F, for a wall that is 4' in height?

A. 1050 B.750 C.600 D. 900

58. Which type of steel connection is generally used in locations where the applied load acts primarily in one direction without much variation in magnitude?

A. friction B. bearing C. torque D. friction or bearing

59. The purpose of using a vibrator during concrete placement is for:

A. accelerating the curing of the concrete B. to move and consolidate the concrete C. consolidation only of the concrete D. only for the movement of concrete within the forms

60. The smallest particles that soil can be broken down into are:

A. silts B. clays C. sand D. eolians

61. The allowable bearing capacity for a cohesive soil classified as a firm clay is psf.

A. 3000 B. 2000

C. 1000 D. 4000

62. A contractor has to complete an excavation for a footing. The excavation will be 5' deep, with the minimum dimensions for the bottom of the excavation to be 30' by 30' and the sides sloped at1:1. The amount of excavation to be removed from the site is:

A. 180 B.230 C.250 D.330

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63.Concrete is delivered to the jobsite in mobile transit mix trucks. Each batch of concrete should be mixed not less than or more than revolutions of the drum at the prescribed rate of rotation.

A. 50, 100 B. 0, 100

C. 20, 100 D.50, unlimited

64.A is used to provide better boom support and reduce the forces in the boom of a crane by increasing the angle between the boom and the boom hoist cable.

A. boom pendant line B. boom insert C. gantry D. lattice boom

65.Decomposition a high explosive takes place with extreme rapidity, whereas a low explosive decomposes more slowly, simulating rapid burn. An example of a high explosive is:

A. black powder B. sodium nitrate C. blast caps D. dynamite

66.The type of piling to be used to transfer loads through an unstable soil to the more stable below is a pile.

A. bearing B. sheet

C. friction D. concrete shell

67.According to P&P, for what type of structural steel connecting parts bear directly on the shank of the bolt?

A. pin type connection B. rigid connection C. bearing connection D. friction connection

68.Wood piles are typically available in pile lengths in increments of 12", and with a maximum butt diameter of:

A. 6" B. 12"

C. 20" D unlimited

69.Which of the following is not an example of the four (4) variations of a pile in regard to their load transfer characteristics, pile.

A. bearing B. caisson C. sheet D. friction

70.The pressure of fresh concrete exerted against a form is equal to psf, when the pour rate is 6 ft/hour and the temperature is 60 degrees F.

A. 600 B. 750

C. 1050 D. 900

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71. The pressure of fresh concrete exerted against a form is equal to psf, when the pour rate is 6 ft/hour and the temperature is 60 degrees F for a wall 6' tall.

A. 600 B. 750

C. 1050 D. 900

72. According to P&P, when estimating the quantities of excavation, the normal swell percentage to be used for loam soil is:

A. 20% B. 25%

C. 30% D. 50%

73. According to P&P, control joints in masonry walls should occur at all of the following except:

A. abrupt changes in wall thickness B. at every corner C. at openings D. at each pilaster

74. Structural codes provide guidelines for maximum distances between vertical supports, for solid block load bearing walls, the maximum height to thickness ratio is:

A. 20 with a minimum wall thickness of 8" B. 24 with a minimum wall thickness of 6" C. 30 with a minimum wall thickness of 8" D. 30 with a minimum wall thickness of 6"

75. Vertical wall forms must be designed for a minimum force of psf to account for wind forces, according to Principals and Practices.

A. 15.0 B. 100.0

C. 25.0 D. 33.3

76. A crawler-mounted power shovel with a 1 cy bucket is loading hard clay material into trucks. If the machine is loading 50 minutes out of each hour, the total cycle time is minutes.

A. 0.67 B. 0.28

C. 0.44 D. 1.0

77. The compressive strength of 4000 psi normal Portland cement concrete, cured at normal temperature for 7 days is psi.

A. 2,560 B. 4,000

C. 2,000 D. 3,252

78. In a structural steel framed building, the bracing usually consist of cross braces, which are:

A. in compression B. in tension C. either A or B D. none the above

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79.A contractor is pouring a concrete beam, which is 2' wide. B The beam is supported by 1" plywood with Fb = 1930 psi. The plywood is continuous over 4 more supports with the face grain parallel to the span. The total live load and dead load acting on the form is 200 psf. The maximum span of the plywood is:

A. 29" B. 14"

C. 24" D. 20"

80.A contractor has to pour a series of concrete columns. The temperature at the pouring will be 60 degrees and the pour rate is 10 feet per hour. If each column is 10' tall, the maximum design pressure for the formwork is:

A. 1650 psf B. 3000 psf C.1500 psf D. 1200 psf

81. The primary difference between a tower crane a mobile crane is that for a tower crane:

A. extensions are added to increase height as construction proceeds B. it has a greater lifting capacity C. it can be operated safely in a lightning storm D. it can raise loads faster

82. A contractor must excavate and tram 650 cy of bank material to a stockpile located 200' from the excavation. The shrinkage factor for the soil is 0.85 and the machine works for 70% of the time. If the bucket capacity is 2.5 cy and the total cycle time is 4.21 minutes, what is the production rate per hour?

A. 15 to 19 cy/hr B. 20 to 24 cy/hr C. 25 to 30 cy/hr D. 31 to 35 cy/hr

83. There are several methods of tying columns. They would include all of the following except:

A. metal clamps B. wood yokes C. steel strap D. wales & ties

84.The typical swell percentage for excavated loam is:

A. 17% B. 20 %

C. 25% D. 32%

85.The average bearing capacity for a cohesionless soil would be:

A. 2000 psf B. 3000 psf C. 5000 psf D. 6000 psf

86. The maximum height to thickness ratio for a load bearing, solid block wall is:

A. 12 with a minimum wall thickness of 6" B. 12 with a minimum wall thickness of 8" C. 20 with a minimum wall thickness of 6" D. 20 with a minimum wall thickness of 8"

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87. The minimum bending radius, for 1/2" plywood bent parallel to the face grain is:

A. 48" B. 60"

C. 30" D. 96"

88. The type of pile that is used to resist horizontal earth pressure is pile.

A. bearing B. wood

C. sheet D. friction

89. Which of the following would be the best instrument to use a lay pipe?

A. builders level B. line level C. transit D. laser level

90. Dynamite with 60% nitroglycerin would be approximately with 30% nitroglycerin. A. 2 B. 3 C. 1-1/3

times stronger than dynamite

D. 2-1/2

91. The primary difference between a level transit and a theodolite is that a theodolite can A. be set up faster B. rotate 360 degrees in the vertical C. measure angles D. be used in doors

92. What is the main point to consider in selecting excavation equipment?

A. rental cost B. capacity of soil that can be removed in a single bucket load C. fuel efficiency of the equipment D. volume of material to be removed

93. For an excavation that is 14' deep, with sides sloped at 2:1, the total quantity of material to be disposed of is if the soil swells 15% and the bottom of the excavation measures 20' by 30'.

A. 1,610 cy B. 1,812 cy

C. 2,220 cy D. 1,457 cy

94. Which of the following is not a standard structural steel bolt?

A. A-307 B. A-325

C. A-375 D. A-490

95. Which of the following would be the best method of construction for soundproofing?

A. 2" x 4" wood stud walls, staggered with insulation B. a single wythe masonry wall with a mass of 36 psf C. 2" x 4" wood stud wall with 2 each 3/8" layers of drywall D. masonry cavity wall with a 1/2" air gap

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96. Soil particles that are smaller than 0.02 mm and larger than 0.002 mm in diameter are typically classified as:

A. clays B. silts

C. sands D. eolians

97. When glue laminated timbers are used in a climate where high humidity is encountered for extended periods of time, the appropriate type of adhesive to be used is:

A. melamine resin glue B. resin epoxy C. casein glue D. fiber impregnated adhesive

98. When a transit mix truck is used to deliver concrete to a job site, according to Principles & Practices, each batch should be mixed not less than or more than revolutions of the drum at the prescribed rate of rotation.

A. 0, 50 B. 50, 100

C. 50, 200 D. 100, 200

99. Concrete should be delivered and discharged from the truck mixer within minutes after the introduction of water to the cement.

A. 60 B. 90

C. 120 D. 150

100. A rubber tire loader will be used to tram 10000 cy (bank measure) of soil approximately 200' to a stockpile. What would the average production be per hour if the loader is traveling at 5.0 mph, working at a 75% efficiency rating and has a 2 cy bucket. The soil shrinkage factor is 0.80 and the load time is 2 minutes.

A. 10.0 to 15.0 cy/hr B. 15.1 to 20.0 cy/hr C. 20.1 to 25.0 cy/hr D. 25.1 to 30.0 cy/hr

101. The type of pile that is used to resist horizontal earth pressure is:

A. bearing B. wood

C. sheet D. friction

102. The R value for a certain type of insulation material is equal to R-19. The corresponding U value is:

A. 0.037 B. 0.053

C. 0.093 D. 1.200

103. During construction, the temporary use of public property may be permitted, provided that no materials or equipment shall be stored such that they obstruct any of the following except:

A. curb side parking B. fire or police boxes C. catch basins D. observation or traffic symbols

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104. For structural steel connections, any of the following bolts may be specified, depending on the type of connection, except:

A. A307 B. A490

C. A325 D. A375

105. The main point to consider when selecting excavation equipment is:

A. haul distance

B. volume of material to excavate C. type of soil

D. OSHA regulations

106. All of the following may be used to check the tension in a structural steel bolt except:

A. torque wrench B. impact wrench C. load indicator washers D. pith gauge

107. A footing is founded on a firm clay and must support a 20 ton load. According to Principals and Practices, the minimum area of the footing must be square feet.

A. 40 B. 30

C. 20 D. 25

108. According to Principals and Practices, the recommended thickness for layers of backfill should be limited to inches.

A.4 B.6

C. 12 D. 8

109. The maximum moisture content for fire proofed structural wood panel is:

A. 19% B.12%

C.15% D.21%

110. During the excavation for a building foundation, the contractor will loose corner stakes. Prior beginning the excavation he should: A. memorize the stake location B. record the elevations with his level C. set up batter boards D. check with the engineer of record

111. The type of bolted steel connection where the load is transferred through the shank of the bolt is connection.

A. friction B. column

C. bearing D. friction and bearing

112. Which of the following may be used at each corner of a bearing plate to bring the plate to the correct grade during the erection of structural steel columns?

A. grout pads

B. wood shims C. steel shim packs

D. anchor bolts

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113. The difference between the rod readings at two different locations will:

A. yield the height of the instruments B. be calculated to the nearest foot C. be the difference in the distance between points D. be the difference in grade

114. The type of concrete pump that uses air pressure to move the concrete is known as a(n) pump.

A. pneumatic B. piston

C. boom D. hydraulic

115. A builder's level is designed to:

A. calculate distances B. operate in a horizontal plane C. measure horizontal or vertical angles D. operate in a vertical plane

116. The horizontal cross-bracing used in a structural steel frame building is typically in:

A. tension

B. compression C. tension or compression

D. not applicable

117. A is used to provide better boom support and reduce the forces in boom of crane.

A. gantry

B. boom hoist cable C. boom insert D. ringer


Problem Set #2

1. Given: A suspended concrete beam is to be formed and poured. The beam is to be 18 inches in width and will exert a force of 300 pounds per lineal foot of beam on the formwork.

The formwork for the bottom of the beam is 1 inch thick, plywood sheathing with a fiber bending strength (fb) pounds 1930 pounds per square and is continuous over four spans, face grain parallel to span. The temporary shoring of the beam formwork should be spaced a maximum of on centers.

A. 18 inches

C. 22 inches B. 20 inches

D. 24 inches

2. In reinforced concrete construction, #5 steel reinforcement bar is lapped a minimum of 30 times the bar diameter. The minimum length of bar lap is inches.

A. 13-1/4 inches

C. 18 – % inches B. 15 inches

D. 22 – 1/2 inches

3. Given: The formwork for a 15 foot long x 5 foot high x 8 inch thick reinforced concrete foundation wall has been rated at a maximum concrete pressure of 664 pounds per square foot. The temperature of the concrete at pouring is 70°F and the weight of the concrete is 150 pounds per cubic foot.

The maximum recommended rate of filling the wall form is feet per hour.

A. 2 feet per hour C. 4 feet per hour B. 3 feet per hour D. No limit

4. A nominal 8" x 16" concrete masonry unit has actual dimensions of

A. 7 - 3/4" x 15 - 3/4" C. 7 - 5/8" x 15 - 1/2" B. 7- 1/2" x 15 — 1/2" D. 7 - 5/8" x 15 - 5/8"

5. "U" values in thermal insulation of a wall express the amount of heat in British Thermal Units (BTU) that

A. A wall will transmit per hour for any total temperature difference between the warm and cool sides. B. One square foot of wall will transmit per hour for any total temperature difference between the warm and cool sides. C. One square foot of wall will transmit per hour per degree Fahrenheit temperature difference between the air on the warm and cool sides per inch of thickness. D. One square foot of wall will transmit per hour per degree Fahrenheit temperature difference between the air on the warm and cool sides.

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6. The minimum safe cross sectional area of a footing that bears on firm clay and supports a total load of nine (9) tons (including the weight of the footing) is

A. 2' - 8" x 2' - 8" C. 3' - 9" x 3' - 9" B. 3' - 0" x 3' - 0" D. 4' - 3" x 4' - 3"

7. The following conditions apply for the placement of concrete for a wail: The maximum lateral pressure is 750 pounds per square foot. The temperature at the time of placing is 60°F.

A wall 8 feet in height will require a minimum of hours to place the concrete.

A. 2 hours

C. 3 hours B. 2 - 1/2 hours

D. 4 hours

8. The insulating ability of 4 inch brick is about equal to that of

A. 1/2 inch gypsum board C. 4 inch common block B. 8 inch cinder block D. 1" x 8" drop siding

9. Assume the construction of a concrete slab requires the following reinforcement bars:

60 - #7 bars 20 feet long 20 - #5 bars 30 feet long 40 - #6 bars 30 feet long

At a cost of $20.00 per hundred pounds, what would be the total cost of reinforcing the steel for the slab?

A. $4,800.00

C. $1,200.00 B. $488.00

D. $976.00

10. A trial batch of non-air-entrained concrete with a 1 to 2 inch slump and a maximum aggregate size of 3/4 inch is mixed.

The maximum approximate mixing water requirement is pounds per cubic yard.

A. 275 lbs/cu.yd

C. 308 lbs/cu.yd. B. 280 lbs/cu.yd. D. 315 lbs/cu.yd.

11. Select the material which is the best insulator:

A. Material "A" has a U value of 0.384 B. Material "B" has a U value of 0.247 C. Material "C" has a U value of 0.175 D. Material "D" has a U value of 0.141

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12. The formwork for an 18" x 18" x 32' high reinforced concrete column is rated at a maximum pressure of 1,178 pounds per square foot. The temperature of the concrete at pouring is 70°F. and the weight of the concrete is 150 pounds per cubic foot.

The minimum time required to pour the column is hours.

A. 3 -1/4 hours

C. 5 hours B. 4 hours

D. 6 hours

13. In estimating "U" values in thermal insulation, it is noted that the flow of heat is directly proportional to the temperature difference and adversely proportional to the

A. Resistance to heat flow C. Thermal conductance B. Surface conductance D. Air space value

14. The recommended maximum slump for reinforced foundation walls is inch / inches.

A. 1 inch


D. 4 inches

15. A suspended concrete beam is to be formed and poured. The beam is to be 2 feet wide and will exert a total load of 600 pounds per lineal foot of beam on the form. 1 inch S4S plywood sheathing with a fiber bending stress (fb) of 1930 psi is to be used as the bottom form material for the beam, face grain parallel to span, It will be continuous over 2 points of support.

Temporary shoring for the beam should be placed a maximum of inches on centers.

A. 14 inches


D. 22 inches

16. The formwork for a 30' long x 4' high x 8" thick reinforced concrete foundation wall has been rated at a maximum concrete pressure of 664 pounds per square foot. The temperature of the concrete at pouring is 70 °F. and the weight of the concrete is 150 pounds per cubic foot.

The maximum recommended rate of filling the wall form is feet per hour.

A. 2 feet per hour C. 4 feet per hour B. 3 feet per hour D. No limit

17. Concrete which is kept agitated should be discharged from the truck mixer within after the introduction of water to cement and aggregate.

A. 30 minutes

C. 1 hour B. 45 minutes

D. 1 - 1/2 hours

18

18. A wall is to be constructed of the following materials with given heat resistance values (R):

Surface film (outside) 0.17 1/2-inch stucco with light aggregate 0.31 8-inch concrete masonry units (cores open) 2.12 2-inch ban insulation between furring strips 7.00 5/8-inch plaster, lightweight aggregate 0.39 Surface film (inside) 0.68

The overall described transmission coefficient (U) of the wall is

A. 0.09

C. 1.09 B. 1.07

D. 10.67

19. Of the walls described below, which has the best sound insulating qualities?

A. A 4-inch thick brick wall (36 psf) B. A 7-inch thick concrete wall (80 psf) C. A 2" x 4" stud wall with 3/8 inch gypsum lath and 1/2 inch sanded gypsum plaster on both sides D. A 2" x 4" stud wall with two layers of 3/8 inch plasterboard on each side, the first one nailed, the second cemented, with staggered joints.

20. The safe soil bearing pressure of cemented sand and gravel is pounds per square foot.

A. 5,000 psf

C. 10,000 psf B. 8,000 psf

D. 20,000 psf

21. It is desired to mix a trial batch of air-entrained concrete with a 3 to 4 inch slump and a maximum aggregate size of one inch. The maximum approximate mixing water requirement is pounds per cubic yard.

A. 325 lbs/cu.yd. C. 295 lbs/cu.yd. B. 300 lbs/cu.yd. D. 284 lbs/cu.yd.

22. One bag of Portland cement weighs pounds.

A. 70 pounds

C. 94 pounds B. 80 pounds D. 100 pounds

23. Concrete made with type I portland cement, designed for 4,000 psi compressive strength and which is cured at 64°F., attains a compressive strength of psi seven days after pouring.

A. 2,560 psi

C. 3,120 psi B. 2,880 psi

D. 3,450 psi

19

24. The formwork for a 15' long x 5' high x 8" thick reinforced concrete foundation wall has been rated at a maximum concrete pressure of 664 pounds per square foot. The temperature of the concrete at pouring is 70°F., and the weight of the concrete is 150 pounds per cubic foot.

The minimum time required to pour the wall and not exceed the rated concrete pressure is hour/hours.

A. 1 hour B. 1 - 1/2 hours

C. 1 - 1/4 hours D. 1 - 3/4 hours

25. The maximum span for 2" x 6" S4S formwork joists, spaced 24 inches on centers, supporting a 5 inch thick concrete slab is closest to

Given: 1. Live load of 50 psf 2. Concrete weight 150 pounds per cubic foot 3. Maximum deflection 1/360 4. Joists continuous over three supports 5. f= 1100, E = 1,300.000

A. 4' - 0" C. 5' - 5" B. 4' - 2" D. 5' - 7"

26. The estimated U-factor for an 8 inch concrete block (normal density) wall, with 1 inch polystyrene insulation and 1/2 inch gypsum board interior finish is

A. 0.10

C. 0.12 B. 0.11

D. 0.13

27. The estimated total R-factor for a composite wall of 8 inch concrete block (normal density) and 4 inch brick with 2 inches of rigid glass fiber insulation is . Do not include the effect of surface air film on the inside or outside of the wall.

A. 9.63

C. 11.25 B. 10.48

D. 12.30

28. Specifications usually require a minimum of one minute mixing for jobsite stationary (drum) mixers of up to one cubic yard with an increase of seconds for each additional 1/2 cubic yard or fraction thereof of capacity.

A. 15 seconds

C. 45 seconds B. 30 seconds

D. 60 seconds

29. Aggregates make up about percent of concrete components.

A. 20 - 40 percent C. 50-60percent B. 40 - 50 percent D. 60 - 80 percent

20

30. Column form for a 10 foot high column must be designed for a maximum pressure of pounds per square foot at the base of the column if the pour rate is 10 feet per hour at a temperature of 60°F., and a normal weight of concrete of 150 pounds per cubic foot is used.

A. 1,500 psf

C. 1,800 psf B. 1,650 psf

D. 1,950 psf

31. The recommended type of cement to be used in concrete which will be exposed to moderate sulfate attack is

A. Type I

C. Type III B. Type II

D. Type IV

32. The recommended maximum slump for beams and reinforced walls is inch/inches.

A. 1 inch


D. 4 inches

33. A wall form for a wall of reinforced concrete 20 feet long x 4 feet high x 8 inches thick is to be filled at a rate of 4 feet per hour and a temperature of 50°F.

The maximum pressure allowed to be exerted on the formwork is pounds per square foot.

A. 200 psf

C. 600 psf B. 400 psf

D. 870 psf

34. A suspended concrete beam is to be formed and poured. The beam is to be 20 inches wide and will exert a total load on the formwork of 500 pounds per foot of beam. 1/2 inch S4S plywood sheathing with f = 1545 psi will be used as bottom form material for the beam and is continuous over four spans. Face grain perpendicular to support.

Temporary form shoring for the beam can be placed a maximum of on centers.

A. 12 inches C. 10 inches

B. 11 inches

D. 9 inches

35. Which of the following is not a factor that affects the load capacity of a crane?

A. Counter weights C. Stability of footing B. Strength of boom D. Crane operator

21

36. A small rubber-tired loader with a bucket capacity of one cubic yard is required to move 350 cubic yards, in bank, material with a swell factor of 25%. The following conditions apply:

Speed of loader: 1.5 MPH Round trip distance: 156 feet Scooping time: 2.5 minutes Cost: $38.50 per hour

The total estimated cost for this operation is

A. $1,098.00

C. $1,240.00 B. $1,323.00

D. $1,772.00

37. The foundation of an elevator pit is to be supported by four piles. Each pile is required to support 22.6 tons of load, (combination of skin friction and end bearing). The following conditions apply:

Skin friction:

750 psf Soil bearing:

6000 psf Pile Size: Tip diameter:

8 inches Average diameter:

12 inches

Cost per pile and pile installation: $12.63 per lineal foot plus 37% for profit and overhead. Pile length is to be rounded up to the nearest foot. Calculate the cost of the foundation support.

A. $800.00 to $1,000.00 B. $1,000.00 to $1,200.00 C. $1,200.00 to $1,400.00 D. $1,400.00 to $1,600.00

38. A retention pond with the above given dimensions is to be built on the site. The following unit costs apply:

Excavation (includes dewatering and hauling): $4.25 per C.Y. Moisture barrier (includes labor and materials): $0.085 per S.F. The contract price would be . Assume no expansion of excavated materials.

A. Between $19,500.00 and $19,800.00 B. Between $19,800.00 and $20,100.00 C. Between $20,100.00 and $20,400.00 D. Between $20,400.00 and $20,700.00

22

39. The maximum joist spacing for supporting 3/4 inch plywood sheathing, continuous over four or more supports, used as formwork for a 4 inch thick concrete slab is

The concrete weighs 150 pounds per cubic foot and the system must be designed for a live load of 100 psf. Sheathing strength is f = 1930 psi and the face grain is parallel to the span.

A. 17 inches


D. 23 inches

40. A 12 inch thick x 10 foot high x 60 foot long free standing reinforced concrete wall is to be poured. The formwork is to be constructed of 1 inch plywood grain parallel to span (f = 1930 psi, and E = 1,500,000 psi with the span continuous over four or more supports). The bottom wale is placed 4 inches above the bottom of the form and the top wale is placed 4 inches below the top of the form. Wale spacing is center to center of each double wale. The concrete will be vibrated as it is placed. The concrete temperature at pouring is 80°F and the rate of pouring is four feet per hour. Use 2 x 4 studs and 2 x 6 wales (2 pieces per line of wales).

Stud and wale properties: Wales: 2" x 6" f = 1110 Studs: 2" x 4" f = 1280

Answer the following:

A. Maximum stud spacing is inches. B. Stud span is inches maximum continuous over 3 or more spans. C. Board measure for vertical studs is D. Board measure for wales is

41. A trial batch of air-entrained concrete with a slump of 1" - 2" and a maximum aggregate size of 1-1/2 inches is mixed. The maximum approximate mixing water required is pounds per cubic yards. Select the closest answer.

A. 242 C. 300 B. 275 D. 315

42. A 50' x 100' x 5" thick elevated concrete slab is poured. The entire weight of the slab is supported by 12' long 6 x 6 rough sawed wood shores. There is live loading of 75 PSF on the slab during pouring. Normal weight concrete is used (150 PCF). The shores are free standing, with no lateral bracing. The lumber in the shores has a unit compressive stress parallel to the grain (C II) of 900 psi. The modulus of elasticity (E) of the lumber in the shores is 1,100,000 psi. The beams supported by the shores have a C 1 = 400 psi. Each shore is equally loaded with the maximum allowable stress, providing a safety factor as specified in Principal and Practices of Heavy Construction.

The minimum number of shores is . Do not allow for weight of forms. Select the closest answer.

A. 55 B. 57

C. 59 D. 61

23

43. A 12" thick x 10' high x 60' long freestanding reinforced concrete wall is to be poured. The formwork is to be constructed of 1" plywood sheathing (f = 1930 psi, face grain parallel to span, E = 1,500,000 psi, with a span continuous over four or more supports). The studs are 2" x 4" S4S and the wales are double 2" x 6" S4S lumber. The bottom wale is placed 6" above the bottom of the form and the top wale is placed 12" below the top of the form. Wale spacing is center to center for each double wale. The concrete will be vibrated as it is placed. The concrete temperature is 80°F and the rate of pouring is 4 feet per hour.

Stud properties:

fb = 1280 Wale properties:

fb = 1110

Using the tables in Principals and Practices of Commercial Construction answer the following:

A. Maximum stud spacing is B. Stud span is inches maximum continuous over 3 or more spans. C. Wale span is inches maximum continuous over 3 or more spans. D. Board measure for vertical studs is E. Board measure for wales is F. The total number of 3,000 lb. ties is based on the tie rating. G. The total number of 5,000 lb. ties is based on the lines of wales calculated. H. The minimum number 3,000 lb. ties required, based on the maximum area per tie and the maximum pressure on the form is

44. A 50' x 100' x 4" thick elevated concrete slab (concrete 150 PCF) is poured with a live load of 50 PSF. The entire weight of the slab and live loading is supported by wood formwork. Sheathing is 3/4" thick. F = 1,930 psi, roiling shear = 72 psi. E = 1,500,000 psi, face grain 1 to supports and the span is continuous over 4 or more supports. The formwork joists are constructed of S4S, 2 x 6 Grade Number 2 Douglas Fir lumber (f = 1100 psi) with the span continuous over 3 supports.

The recommended spacing with maximum span of joists is . Do not allow for weight of formwork.

A. 24" spacing with a maximum span of 5' - 11" B. 24" spacing with a maximum span of 6' - 4" C. 24" spacing with a maximum span of 6' - 6" D. 30" spacing with a maximum span of 5' - 0"

45. A 10" thick x 10' high x 50' long freestanding reinforced concrete wall is poured. The formwork for the wall is constructed of 3/4" plywood sheathing, support for sheathing is continuous over 4 or more supports, face grain is parallel to the span (1 to supports).

Sheathing properties: f = 1,545 psi, rolling shear is 57 psi, E = 1,500,000 psi. S4S lumber of 2 x 4 studs and double 2 x 6 wales, properties: f = 1,000 psi, E = 1,400,000 psi, H = 180 psi. Supports for studs and wales continuous over 3 or more spans. The concrete temperature at pouring is 60 °F and the rate of pouring is 5 feet per hour.

If 3,000 lb. ties are used, the minimum total number of form ties is Select the closest answer.

A. 50 B. 100

C. 150 D. 160

24

46. A 4" thick x 60' x 80' cast-in-place concrete slab is to be poured. The entire weight of the slab is to be supported by 9' long, 4 x 6 (nominal) S4S wood shores. The following specifications apply: The shores are equally loaded, there is no lateral support, the live load is 50 PSF, concrete weight is 150 PCF, C II = 1,100 psi, E = 1,400,000 psi, C 1= 375 psi for horizontal beam at the top of the shore.

The minimum total number of shores required is . Do not allow for weight of forms. Select the closest answer.

A. 63 — 65 B. 67 — 69

C. 83 — 85 D. 98 – 100

47. It is desired to mix a batch of air-entrained concrete that will have a compressive strength of 3650 psi after 28 days. According to Principals And Practices of Commercial Construction, to achieve the desired compressive strength, the concrete should have a water/cement ratio of

A. 0.45

C. 0.55 B. 0.50

D. 0.60

48. According to Principals and Practices of Commercial Construction, non-airentrained concrete with a water/cement ratio of 0.55 will have a probable compressive strength of pounds per square inch.

A. 3200 psi

C. 4350 psi B. 3650 psi

D. 4800 psi

49. According to Principals and Practices of Commercial Construction, concrete should be discharged within hours after the introduction of cement and aggregate to water in a truck mixer.

A. 1- 1/2 hours

B. 2 – 1/2 hours B. 2 hours

D. 3 hours

25


Problem Set #3

1. What is the evaluation used to establish drainage grades and landscaping requirements?

2. Which Investigation is used to estimate cost and determine foundation requirements?

3. What is the allowable relative bearing strength of dense sand?

4. Which of the following clay soil types has an allowable bearing strength of 1,600 psf?

5. What is the allowable relative bearing strength of sedimentary rock?

6. Clay particles are smaller than what diameter?

7. Soil in which the particles have little or no tendency to stick together under pressure, such as sand a gravel are known as

8. What is the best method of examining subsurface soil, but is relatively expensive?

9 What is the major factor in excavation cost, foundation cost, and soil bearing capacity?

10. What instrument used to determine the bearing capacity of subgrades and to control compaction?

11. When surveying, what is a point of known elevation?

26

12. Which survey instrument operates on only the horizontal plane?

13. What is a leveling rod used to measure?

14. In surveying, the difference between the rod reading at point "A" and point "B" will be the

15. Complete the following equation for surveying. BM + BS =

16. In collimation, you would adjust to make the line of sight perpendicular to what?

17. What is the marker set by a surveyor that establishes the boundaries on a lot?

18. What is the term for when soil is disturbed or moved, and usually increases in volume?

19. What percentage swell will sand and gravel soil types develop from their compacted state?

20. To calculate the volume of an excavation you must know which variables?

21. The type of excavation equipment used will be based on what key factors?

22. What are the three types of systems for supporting earth walls around an excavation?

23. Which method of supporting earth walls is a good alternative in very wet, deep, and difficult soil sites?

24. What is the temporary support that is used when an excavation encroaches upon an existing building?

27

25. What is the permanent support for existing buildings that extends their foundations to a new lower level with the desired bearing stratum?

26. What type of pavement has relatively low maintenance and ease of sectional repair?

27. Which type of pile is not intended for vertical loads, but rather horizontal pressure?

28. Which type of pile is used when the load capacity depends on the end cross sectional area and the bearing strength of the material on which it bears?

29. What is the cast in place reinforced concrete pad that is poured over the top of a

pile group that allows the supported load to be shared by each supporting pile?

30. Which type of pile has indefinite underwater life expectancy, is light weight, and produces greater skin friction?

31. Which type of pile is made by driving a steel shell or casing into the ground and filling it with concrete then leaving the shell in place?

32. What is the maximum deflection limit for formwork?

33. Which form would support lateral concrete pressures, including wind loads

34. The weight of formwork and concrete is known as

35. What basic part of the wall form is used to hold the forms erect under lateral Pressure?

28

36. What part of the wall form is used to shape and retain the concrete until it sets?

37. Openings in concrete walls are made by setting what?

38. What type of joint is used to control cracking in slabs as a result of the shrinking of concrete?

39. What type of joint is used to control cracking due to contraction?

40. Which of the following is not considered an aggregate?

41. The type and quality of aggregates are determinants of quality because they make up what percent of the total volume of the concrete?

42. Unreinforced 4" walls should have aggregate no larger than

43. For a slump test, each layer should be tamped with a rod how many times?

44. What percentage of the mixing water should be placed in a drum before the dry materials are added?

45. You should never freely drop concrete to be placed in forms more than

46. The most commonly used method for placing concrete underwater is by the use of a

47. Wood columns in a structural timber frame structure that are supporting floors should be what nominal size, or larger, to have a 3/4 hour fire rating?

29

48. What type of timber decking is used when high wear is anticipated?

49. What type of concrete frame has connections that are designed to resist rotation, can result in smaller sections, thus decreasing the weight of the overall structure?

50. What are the two most important criteria for the location of reinforcing bars in a concrete section?

51. What is the minimum cover for concrete cast against earth?

52. What is the opening in a column form called that allows debris to be removed before placing begins?

53. What is the term for when the tensile reinforcement of a member has been placed under tension before the member is erected?

54. What are wall panels that carry no load other than wind?

55. What type of connection for steel sections is least expensive in shop conditions?

56. Which type of bolted connection could allow a change in load direction to produce movement of the

connection because the hole is larger than the bolt?

57. What type of bolt is most common for structural steel connections?

58. What is used to raise the base plate to a correct elevation?

59. What type of concrete floor spans between supporting walls, columns or beams?

30

60. When a concrete floor is poured directly in a prepared subgrade, it is called a

61. The topping mix of a concrete floor finish should be made very hard with dense aggregates with what type of slump?

62. On a truss, the points of intersection between the web members and chords are known as

63. A keystone shaped prestressed concrete joist can span up to how many feet?

64. A tee shaped joist supports spans up to

65. What is the resistance to "heat flow" through a material?

66. To minimize cracking, control joints should be provided in stucco every

31

Answer Key for Principles and Practices of Commercial Construction

Problem Set #1:

1. B Page 3 42. C Page 346 2. C Page 19 43. A Page 495 3. A Page 33 44. D Page 121 4. B Page 121 45. B Table 6-2 (a) 5. A Page 235 46. C Table 6-2 (a) 6. B Page 54 47. A Table 7-8 7. C Page 344 48. B Page 59 8. C Page 346 49. D Chapter 2 9. C Page 72 50. D Table 6-2(a) 10. C Page 139, Table 6-2 (a) 51. A Page 298 11. B Page 4 52. B Page 292 12. A Page 223 53. A Table 7-8 13. A Page 39 54. A Page 235 14. C Page 111 55. A Page 54 15. B Page 345 56. B Table 6-2 (a) 16. B Page 345 57. C Table 6-2 (a) 17. B Page 139, Table 6-2 (a) 58. B Page 345 18. D Page 1374 59. C Page 235 19. A Table 6-4 (a) 60. B Page 3 20. B Page 346 61. B Page 4 21. C Table 6-3 (a) 62. B Page 54 22. C Page 54 63. A Page 232 23. C Table 7-5 (a) 64. C Page 57 24. B Page 487 65. D Page 89 25. D Page 346 66. A Page 110 26. D Page 312 67. C Page 349 27. C Page 112 68. C Page 112 28. C Page 39 69. B Page 110 29. D Page 72 70. C Table 6-2(a) 30. C Page 39 71. D Table 6-2(a) 31. C Page 137 72. B Page 54 32. A Page 110 73. B Page 436 33. C Page 25 74. A Page 433 34. B Page 341 75. A Page 137 35. D Table 1-1 76. B Page 72 36. C Page 72 77. A Table 7-8 37. C 78. B Page 342 38. B Page 342 79. C Table 6-4(a) 39. C Page 39 80. C Table 6-3(a) 40. D Page 39 81. A Page 56 41. C Page 112 82. B Page 72

32

83. D Page 298 100. C Page 110 84. C Page 54 102. B Page 487 85. D Page 4 103. A Table 6-2 (a) 86. D Page 443 104. D Page 344 87. D Table 6-1 105. B Page 72 88. C Page 110 106. D Page 346 89. D Page 24 107. C Page 4 92. C Page 89 108. B Page 4 91. B Page 25 109. C Page 2303.2.5 92. D Page 72 110. C Page 39 93. B Page 54 111. C Page 345 94. C Page 344 112. C Page 350 95. A Page 496 & 497 113. D Page 35 96. B Page 3 114. A Page 243 97. A Page 276 115. B Page 19 98. B Page 232 116. A Page 342 99. B Page 232 117. A Page 57 100. C Page 72

Problem Set #2:

1.D 14.0 27. C 40A. 16" 43H. 114 ties 2.0 15.0 28. A 40B. 19" (will not always be the same) 3. C 16. C 29. D 40C. 613 bf 44. A 4. D 17. D 30. A 40D. 1440 bf 45. C 5.D 18.A 31. B 41. A 46. B 67 shores 6. B 19. B 32. D 42. A 47. B 7. A 20. D 33. C 43A. 16" 48. C 8. A 21. D 34. A 43B. 19" 49. A 9. D 22. C 35. D 43C. 43.5" 10. C 23. A 36. C 43D. 614 bf 11. D 24. B 37. C 43E. 1,440bf 12. B 25. D 38. B 43F. 120 ties 13. A 26. D 39. C 43G. 102 ties

Problem Set #3

1. Surface evaluation Page 3

2. Subsurface investigation Page 3

3. 6,000 psf Page 4

4. Firm clay Page 4

5. 20,000 psf Page 4

6. .002 mm Page 4

7. Cohesionless Page 4

8. Test pit Page 7

9. Groundwater level Page 9

10. A penetrometer Page 14

11. Benchmark Page 21

12. Level Page 21

13. The difference in elevation between two points Page 36

14. Elevation, or grade Page 37

15. BM + BS = HI Page 38-39

*Benchmark plus the Backsight = The Height of the Instrument

16. The horizontal axis of the instrument Page 41

17. A Monument Page 41

18. Bulking or Soil Swell Page 70

19. 12% Page 70

20. Top Area, Bottom Area and Vertical Height. Page 70

Equation is H/3 x {A + B + square root(AxB)}

21. Volume to be removed, type of material, site Page 92

conditions, distance of haul, time allowed and contract price

34

22. Slurry walls, interlocking steel sheet piling and Page 96

steel soldier piles

23. Slurry Walls Page 99

24. Shoring or needling Page 107

25. Underpinning Page 107

26. Flexible bituminous Page 119

27. Sheet pile Page 136

28. Bearing pile Page 136

29. Pile Cap Page 138

30. Wood pile Page 139

31. Shell type Cast-in-Place pile Page 139

32. Span/360 (with max 1/16" for sheathing and Page 164

'/4 inch for joists & beams)

33. Vertical Page 164

34. Dead Load Page 164

35. Braces Page 205

36. Sheathing Page 205

37. Bucks Page 210

38. Tapered or beveled Page 219

39. Control Joints Page 219

40. Pebbles Page 233

41.60 to 80% Page 234

42. 3/4" Page 241

43.25 Page 252

44. 10% Page 256

45. 1 meter, or 3.281' Page 262

35

46. Tremie Page 264

47. 8x8 inches Page 294

48. Laminated decking Page 301

49. Cast in place Page 324

50. Sufficient cover to protect steel from the Page 326 environment and proper spacing to allow concrete to flow around and bond with bars

51.3 inches Page 326

52. Cleanout Page 328

53. Prestressed Page 324

54. Curtain wall panels Page 354

55. Weld Page 385

56. Bearing type Page 385

57. A325 Page 385

58. Shim pack Page 393

59. Structural slab Page 400

60. Slab on grade Page 400

61. A low slump not exceeding 1 inch Page 419

62. Panel Points Page 436

63. 36 feet Page 444

64. 60 feet Page 444

65. R Factor Page 538

66. 20 Feet Page 559

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