principles-based accounting - aossg

114

Upload: others

Post on 27-Nov-2021

1 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG
Page 2: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTINGWe must strike flint to start fire

Korean

Accounting

Association

Jongsoo Han (First author)SeongPyo Cho

Soong-Soo Han

Eung-Gil Kim

Younghan Lee

Jong-Sung Park

Minsup Song

Page 3: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

Why we published the English summary of Principles-based Accounting: We

must strike flint to start fire

As a long-time adopter of rules-based accounting, Korea had to face

unexpected challenges since Korea adopted principles-based IFRS in 2011.

To identify what caused such problems and to seek the solutions thereto,

the Korea Accounting Association (KAA) organized a research team and

conducted surveys and interviews of companies, auditors and regulatory

bodies in Korea. Furthermore, the KAA visited a number of overseas

accounting standard setters, regulatory bodies, and accounting firms who had

wider experiences on IFRS. Based on these efforts, the KAA published a book

titled Principles-based Accounting: We must strike flint to start fire in May

2020. The book looks deeply into how principles-based accounting can be

understood and applied in a rules-based society.

This English summary is an excerpt from the gist addressed in the book,

including how principles-based accounting is understood in Korea; Koreaโ€™s

experience toward IFRS implementation and the issues raised; and the efforts

taken to overcome various challenges with a few more alternatives suggested

by the research team.

We sincerely hope this summary would be of assistance to various

stakeholders of financial reporting in other countries which either plan or

recently have adopted principles-based IFRS.

Page 4: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG
Page 5: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

Contents

Prologue โˆ™ 7

Chapter 1 Adopting principles-based accounting โˆ™ 11

1-1 The Korean legal system and the adoption of principles-based

accounting / 11

1-2 Major drivers of IFRS adoption / 14

1-3 Challenges of applying principles-based accounting in a rules-based

environment / 19

Chapter 2 Issues related to the application of principles-based

accounting โˆ™ 25

2-1 The issues companies face: Increased management discretion and cost / 26

2-2 The issues auditors face: Increased auditorโ€™s risks and possible conflicts / 29

2-3 The issues regulatory bodies face: Increased conflicts from the limitations of

corporate reporting review and differing interpretations / 31

Chapter 3 Solutions for principles-based accounting โˆ™ 35

3-1 The business side: Set up stronger due process and better communication

with stakeholders / 36

3-2 Auditors: Strengthen human resources and reorganize the audit

procedures / 42

3-3 Regulatory bodies: Accept diversity and exercise preventative supervision / 44

3-4 Further issues in establishing principles-based accounting / 50

Epilogue โˆ™ 53

Page 6: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG
Page 7: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

Prologue 7

Prologue

In 2007, Korea decided to adopt the International Financial Reporting

Standards (IFRS). At the time, five often stated objectives in the adoption

of IFRS were: (1) to enhance the credibility of financial reporting issued by

Korean companies, thereby ending the so-called โ€˜Korea Discountโ€™ (i.e. the

undervaluation of stocks of Korean companies); (2) to reduce the cost of

Korean companies to prepare additional financial statements for global

business; (3) to enhance Korean domestic companiesโ€™ accessibility to the

global financial market; (4) to contribute to the globalization of the Korean

financial market in order to encourage an influx of international investors;

and (5) to help domestic companiesโ€™ expansion toward overseas markets and

therefore facilitate foreign companiesโ€™ entrance into the Korean market. In

sum, policy makers expected to improve accounting transparency for Korean

companies and to enhance the reliability of the companiesโ€™ accounting

information by adopting IFRS. With this expectation, the Korean government

mandated all public companies to adopt IFRS by 2011. By this point in 2020,

approximately 5,060 companies have adopted the standards.

The Korean case for IFRS adoption is unique for several reasons. First, Korea

practices code law, not common law, and is therefore accustomed to

rule-based accounting standards before IFRS adoption. As a result,

principle-based accounting standards such as IFRS โ€• which is more like

common law than code law โ€• were very new to involved Korean parties.

Second, Korea opted for the so-called โ€œBig Bangโ€ approach. This entails a

full transition to IFRS as of January 1, 2011. Third, Korea managed to adopt

IFRS in a relatively short period of time. Korea adopted IFRS completely over

Page 8: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

8 PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING

only four years from 2007 to 2011. Finally, IFRS adoption was state-driven,

wherein the Korean government primarily led the process. Since the adoption

process was โ€˜government-ledโ€™, the entire procedure of adopting and

implementing these global standards could be materialized over a relatively

short period of time. However, this top-down approach introduced radical

change to the local accounting environment. Local accounting stakeholders

were forced to implement IFRS without adequate prior experience in

principles-based accounting. Thus, it is no surprise that Korea had to face

many unforeseen issues after the sudden transition to IFRS.

Many of the most serious issues relate to the main characteristic of IFRS,

which is principle basis. For example, IFRS requires managers and auditors

to choose and apply appropriate accounting standards that reflect economic

substance infused in a myriad of transactions. This requires managers to make

judgments when applying accounting standards. However, auditors and

regulators often disagree with the managersโ€™ discretion in their interpretation

of accounting standards. This has been the case with Daewoo Shipbuilding

& Marine Engineering and Samsung BioLogics, for example, when

interpretation ambiguity made way for controversy.*

These accounting issues threw an unfavorable signal to market participants

who expected that grafting high-quality IFRS into the Korean market would

improve the transparency of Korean financial reporting. Some people are even

concerned about whether a principles-based accounting system is even

desirable in Korea.

In order to shed light upon the aforementioned controversies, research has

attempted to measure the success of IFRS adoption in Korea. Previous studies

* Korean regulators accused, tried, and found Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering

(DSME) and Samsung BioLogics guilty of accounting fraud in 2016 and 2018, respectively.

When each company was accused of faulty accounting treatment, DSME was one of the

โ€˜big 3โ€™ shipbuilders in the world and Samsung BioLogics was ranked in top 10 amongst

Korean companies.

Page 9: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

Prologue 9

report mixed empirical results. However, the consensus maintains that there

exists more evidence of quality improvement than quality decline in financial

reporting in Korea following IFRS adoption.

Even though the empirical evidence says that there is an improvement in

accounting quality, the controversy still puzzled researchers. The Korean

Accounting Association (KAA) raised a fundamental question: Do we correctly

understand principles-based accounting? To unravel this, the research team

from the KAA examined the fundamental characteristics of principles-based

IFRS and considered whether Korean market participants possessed a

sufficient level of understanding. The team then contemplated whether the

market participants experienced difficulties with IFRS because of IFRSโ€™

fundamentally different approach, rather than finding difficulty in the

transition from old to new accounting standards. The research team looked

into ways to help market participants better understand the essence of

principles-based accounting and to successfully integrate principles-based

accounting into Korean rules-based society.

Furthermore, the KAA research team examined difficulties reported by

managers, auditors, and regulators in implementing IFRS. The team conducted

a survey of accounting managers from 162 major companies and SMEs and

188 certified public accountants (CPAs). Additional intensive interviews were

conducted with accounting managers and executives from big and small

companies as well as the representatives of Big 4 accounting firms and small-

and medium-sized ones.

The research team also visited overseas accounting standard setting bodies

and regulatory bodies to glean from their experience. This included the

Financial Reporting Council (FRC) in the UK, and Deutsche Rechnungslegungs

Standards Committee (DRSC), Die Deutsche Prรผfstelle fรผr Rechnungslegung

(DPR), Bundesanstalt fรผr Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht (BaFin) in Germany,

and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in the US. The team also

visited US accounting firms including PwC and KPMG. These visits allowed

Page 10: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

10 PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING

the research team to closely examine how these jurisdictions had dealt with

IFRS adoption.

Beginning in Fall 2018, the KAA held a series of five seminars to share the

teamโ€™s findings. The seminars focused on how to successfully implement the

principles-based IFRS accounting standards. The first seminar was held in

November 2018 on the topic of accounting regulation; the second on auditing

(Jan. 2019); the third on corporate accounting (Mar. 2019); and the fourth

on relevant legal issues (Apr. 2019). In May 2019, the fifth seminar took place

at the National Assembly, wherein the issues raised in the four previous

seminars were discussed and summarized. Research on the ways to facilitate

the successful application of principles-based accounting have since been

shared amongst the KAA research team, regulators, accounting firms, law

firms, and companies. The results were then compiled and published as a

book titled Principles-based Accounting: We must strike flint to start fire (Han

et al., 2020) in May 2020.

This summary encapsulates the gist of the book, predominately the KAAโ€™s

understanding of principles-based accounting and the issues raised during

Koreaโ€™s implementation phase. It aims to share with others the difficulties

that Korea, a rules-based country, faced during its journey to adopt

principles-based accounting standards. Rather than giving an overview of the

entire book, this summary provides a compilation of specific issues which

would be of interest to international readers.

Chapter 1 introduces how Korea understood principles-based accounting.

Chapter 2 presents the experience and issues faced by Korea in its adoption

of principles-based accounting. Chapter 3 describes Koreaโ€™s efforts to

overcome various issues raised and further prescriptions regarding those issues

put forward by the research team. Lastly, Epilogue concludes the studies taken

and suggestions made.

Page 11: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

Chapter 1. Adopting principles-based accounting 11

To understand the controversy over IFRS in Korea, it is necessary to first

understand the fundamental differences between the Korean legal system and

IFRS. In this respect, this chapter discusses Koreaโ€™s legal system and its

relationship with Koreaโ€™s accounting standards; the distinct features of

principles-based accounting and IFRS; and the issues that arise when applying

principles-based accounting in a country of code law origin.

1-1 The Korean legal system and the adoption of principles-based accounting

When considering Koreaโ€™s accounting standards in relation to the Korean legal

systemโ€™s status quo, the most distinct feature would be that the accounting

standards are part of domestic law. This results in a unique system in which

IFRS becomes the only common-law based law in Korea that retains code-law

based rules. Ironically, accounting standards that are set by an overseas

institution, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), is in charge

of enforcing legally binding law in Korea under the code-law system.

1Chapter

Adopting principles-based accounting

Page 12: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

12 PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING

The Korean legal system and accounting standards

Korea follows a code law system. As such, the Commercial Act and the Act

on External Audit of Stock Companies (hereafter, the External Audit Act)

mandates accounting standards applicable to Korean companies. There are

three main sets of accounting standards:

(1) IFRS:ใ€€ใ€€All public companies (companies listed on Korean stock market

including the KOSPI or KOSDAQ stock markets) and financial institutions.

The government consigns the authority to set accounting standards to the

Korea Accounting Standards Board (KASB), and the KASB decides to fully

adopt IFRS for Korean accounting standards for all public companies and

financial institutions.

(2) Korean Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (K-GAAP):ใ€€ใ€€A rule-

based and simpler version of accounting standards than IFRS. If a company

is unlisted or a non-financial institution but is subject to the External Audit

Act,* the company is required to prepare financial statements based on

K-GAAP.

(3) Accounting Standards for Small- and Medium-sized Entities:ใ€€ใ€€The simplest

version of accounting standards for small companies that are not subject to

the External Audit Act. Companies that apply K-GAAP or the Accounting

Standards for Small- and Medium-sized Entities may adopt IFRS voluntarily

if they so wish.

[Fig. 1] shows the three-tiered accounting standards and the types of

companies according to different periods of time.

* According to the External Audit Act in Korea, companies subject to certain requirements

set forth in the Act are required to undergo external audits.

Page 13: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

Chapter 1. Adopting principles-based accounting 13

[Fig. 1] Three-tier Accounting Standards in Korea

Prior to

20082009โˆผ2010 2011โˆผ2012 After 2013 Note

Early adoption

companies K-IFRS

Large companies such as Samsung and LG

and some SMEs

Public companies

K-GAAP

Financial institutions

Mid-sized unlisted

companiesK-GAAP

Large unlisted companies and

mid-sized unlisted companies

SMEsAccounting

Standards for SMEs

Small- and Medium-sized

companies

The hierarchy of laws in applying IFRS in Korea

Legally, K-IFRS is part of domestic law. The External Audit Act requires Korean

companies to refer to K-IFRS for financial statements. On the other hand,

K-IFRS, the domestic law, is set and amended by the IASB. In other words,

Korea has a dual system in which a foreign institution enacts Korean law.

The process of setting and amending K-IFRS in Korea can be divided into

two phases as shown in [Fig. 2]. The first is the procedure where the IASB

establishes IFRS. As Korea adopts IFRS in full, the IFRS setting process of

the IASB is considered part of Koreaโ€™s standard-setting process. The KASB

actively participates in the IASBโ€™s process of setting and amending IFRS by

publicizing relevant issues, seeking comments from Korean stakeholders and

submitting the collated views to the IASB.

The second phase is shown in the right-hand column of [Fig.2] in which

the accounting standards set by the IASB are issued as Korean domestic

accounting standards. The KASB translates the IASB-issued IFRS into the

Korean language and holds many public consultations before the final draft

is drawn up. When the KASB and the Financial Services Commission (FSC)

approve the final draft, the standard is officially issued and becomes effective.

Page 14: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

14 PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING

[Fig. 2] IFRS and K-IFRS standard-setting process

As Korea adopts IFRS in full, the IFRS standards issued by the IASB have

been translated into Korean without any modifications and are issued as

Koreaโ€™s accounting standards to date (as of 2020). Because IFRS is translated

into Korean and because it must go through Korean governmentโ€™s enactment

procedure to be accounting standards in Korea, it is called K-IFRS (Korean

IFRS).*

1-2 Major drivers of IFRS adoption

In 2007, Korea saw heated debate on IFRS adoption. Numerous concerns

were raised on the principles-based accounting standards during the heated

debate. Nevertheless, Korea adopted the principles-based IFRS because Korea

* K-IFRS is almost the same as IFRS. However, a few additional disclosure requirements

are added to K-IFRS when they are required separately by Korean laws and regulations

within the scope of IFRS.

Request for comment

Request for comment

IFRS standard-setting process

Establishment of an agenda by

IASB

Request for comment

Request for comment

Discussion paper

Issuance of the standard

Exposure draft

Discussion paper

Exposure draft

Issuance of the standard

K-IFRS standard-setting process

KASB

Issuance and endorsement

FSC

Preparation period

Mandatory application

Page 15: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

Chapter 1. Adopting principles-based accounting 15

expected to gain considerable advantages. Because Korea is code-law system

and has no experience of principles-based accounting standards, however,

few people can explain in-detail what principles-based accounting standards

are. Even today, many Korean stakeholders have trouble understanding the

principles-based standards as most of the laws and regulations are based on

code law.

Drawing from our experiences of principles-based and rules-based accounting

standards, the following paragraphs will outline the strengths and weaknesses

of principles-based accounting in comparison to that of the rules-based. It

will help portray what principles-based accounting is and the expectations

Korea had of IFRS.

Strengths of principles-based accounting: reflection of economic substances

In rules-based accounting, regulators and an accounting standard-setting body

establish the accounting standards, interpretations, and guidelines. It is

encouraged for all companies to apply the same accounting method to similar

events or transactions. Because the standards provide detailed rules and

guidelines, managers donโ€™t have to judge which accounting method best

reflects the economic substance of a transaction. It is thus easier for auditors

and regulators to audit and supervise companies because they only need to

determine whether the companies have complied with the pre-established

accounting standards.

However, the rules-based accounting system requires companies to apply the

same accounting rules to similar transactions, even though the companies

may have different economic substances. Therefore, under the rules-based

system, companies may fail to adequately present their financial position and

performance.

In contrast, principles-based accounting is based on the belief that โ€˜โ€˜it is

management that knows the most appropriate accounting method for a

transaction because management knows business and transactions best.โ€

Page 16: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

16 PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING

Principles-based accounting allows managers to select accounting methods

that reflect the economic substance of transactions.

Principles-based accounting values the professional judgment of management

to best reflect the companyโ€™s financial position and performance.

Principles-based accounting provides simpler guidelines based on a

conceptual framework rather than including detailed accounting rules (SEC,

2004; Schipper, 2003). Based on the belief that the managements are the

most appropriate judges of their own economic substance, principles-based

accounting does not provide detailed accounting treatments or specific

quantitative standards.

โ€ข The risk of accounting engineering

Rules-based accounting has a risk of accounting engineering. Accounting

engineering refers to designing transactions or contracts to obtain certain

outcomes. Since rules-based accounting is more likely to apply accounting

standards mechanically, it is possible for managers to bypass certain

regulations through accounting engineering. Although accounting engineering

is clearly an intentional accounting manipulation, it is not viewed as

accounting fraud.

Principles-based accounting, on the other hand, focuses on whether the

objectives of financial reporting have been achieved. Principles-based

accounting provides a minimum number of standards and requires managers

to use their own reasonable judgment. Therefore, in a principles-based

accounting system, managers should focus on which accounting can achieve

the objectives of financial reporting defined in a conceptual framework.

โ€ข The possibility of increasing volume of rules

In a rules-based accounting system, the volume of accounting standards is

more likely to increase. Rules-based accounting should document accounting

rules and examples for all the transactions. For example, there could be a

new transaction similar but not identical to a previous transaction and has

Page 17: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

Chapter 1. Adopting principles-based accounting 17

different economic substance. Rules-based accounting should provide

additional accounting standards to record the new transaction. As a result,

the volume of accounting standards increases as new transactions occur.

As the volume of accounting standards increases, it becomes more difficult

for managers to apply accounting standards. The standards and guidelines

in the rules-based accounting system become ever more intricate, making

their application even more difficult in practice. As new economic events

continue to occur as time passes and economies grow, rules-based accounting

is bound to become more complex.

On the other hand, the principles-based accounting system presents only key

requirements to focus on, minimizing the need for detailed guidelines.

Managers are required to apply existing accounting standards to record new

transactions. Thus, it is rare to provide new standards or guidelines for a

new transaction in principles-based accounting.

โ€ข Responding to change

Rules-based accounting has difficulties in providing new standards,

interpretations, and guidelines in a timely manner when a new transaction

occurs. If there is no rule that can handle the new transaction, rules-based

accounting requires additional rules to deal with it. However, it is difficult

to swiftly respond to the new transaction, as it takes time for a regulator

to set new rules.

Since principles-based accounting provides principles rather than specific

details, new types of transactions do not necessarily require changes to

accounting standards. Since existing accounting standards can provide

appropriate guidelines for the new transaction, principles-based accounting

enables prompt responses to market changes.

โ€ข Comparability

Rules-based accounting standards have the advantage of setting country-

specific accounting standards that have been customized to reflect each

Page 18: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

18 PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING

countryโ€™s economic environment. However, the country-specific accounting

standards have a serious transparency disadvantage, in that the accounting

information may not be easily understood without proper knowledge of that

countryโ€™s legal system and accounting standards.

In contrast, principles-based accounting standards improve comparability

between various countries because they set out principles rather than specific

guidelines for any particular company from a certain country to follow in

preparing financial statements. This is clearly an advantage that comes

naturally when employing the same yardstick (Cascino and Gassen, 2010).

Weaknesses of principles-based accounting: Too much discretion

Principles-based accounting grants discretion for managers to make choices

on the accounting methods that best suit for their circumstances, rather than

providing detailed guidelines on accounting or presentation methods. If used

properly, principles-based accounting could be the best tool to show the

economic substance of a company. If not, the following side effects are

possible.

โ€ข Earnings management and reduced comparability

A company may utilize its discretionary power over accounting for managing

its bottom line to pre-determined target levels, meaning that principles-based

accounting may also allow room for accounting engineering. According to

an analysis of 1,408 companies from 11 countries in the EU, the level of

earnings management increased in France, Spain, and the UK after IFRS

adoption (Callao and Jarne, 2010).

In the case of Korea, the K-IFRS adopted in 2011 did not specify the methods

for calculating operating profits. Taking advantage of a K-IFRS-specific

characteristic that grants discretion on selecting a method of calculating

operating profits, the companies that had reported negative operating profits

in the past few years have since reported positive operating profits after 2009

(the year of K-IFRS adoption). This was possible by altering operating profit

Page 19: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

Chapter 1. Adopting principles-based accounting 19

calculation methodologies. As a result, these companies were able to achieve

their goals and dodged the risk of being delisted from the KOSDAQ market.

In Korea, this sparked controversy over the legitimacy of allowing the arbitrary

calculation of operating profits (Cho et al., 2013).

โ€ข Weakening the audit function

Prior research has found that auditors tend to agree more with management

under principles-based accounting than under rules-based accounting (Braun

et al., 2015). This could imply that auditors tend to be more easily persuaded

by the decisions made by management because of the ambiguity inherent

in principles-based accounting. In fact, according to a survey targeting CFOs

and auditors of Fortune 1,000 companies, many responded that the quality

of accounting information was higher in rules-based accounting than in

principles-based accounting (McEnroe and Sullivan, 2013).

1-3 Challenges of applying principles-based accounting in a rules-based environment

As described above, many advantages and disadvantages coexist in

principles-based accounting. However, a particularly problematic situation

emerges when principles-based accounting is used as a part of the rules-based

legal system. In detail, conflicts are bound to occur between accounting

standards and other laws and regulations in a country such as Korea where

all legal and governmental administration, except for the principles-based

accounting system, operate in a rules-based environment.

Rules-based laws stand above principles-based K-IFRS

First, there is a possibility that the tenet lying in principles-based accounting

conflicts with that of its superior laws. In Korea, K-IFRS is a part of the law.

In fact, Korea has many laws superior to the accounting standards, including

Commercial Act, External Audit Act, Financial Investment Services and Capital

Markets Act, Financial Supervisory Regulations, etc.

Page 20: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

20 PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING

The problem arises due to fundamental difference between K-IFRS and its

superior laws: While accounting standards are principles-based, the superior

laws are rules-based code laws. Consequently, concerns abound whether

K-IFRS, which delegates a considerable amount of judgment and autonomy

to companies, can be accepted in the superior laws as well. In principles-

based accounting, for example, a suitable accounting method would be

chosen by a company following appropriate procedures. In superior laws,

however, the very wording of the accounting standards is of greater

importance because superior law is based on code law. Therefore, there is

a possibility that the code-law based superior laws may not embrace

accounting decisions as legitimate even if the decisions were made through

adequate procedures.

Principles-based accounting used in such legal environment may lead to a

huge increase in uncertainty for a company. Without detailed instructions,

interpretations, and specific guidelines regarding accounting standards, it

becomes so difficult for a company know whether it has violated any

accounting standards that may incite according sanctions.

As a result, companies have no other choice but to try to avoid sanctions

by listing all possible accounting alternatives and โ€˜box-tickingโ€™ each one by

one. The companies would experience increased anxiety and fatigue as they

agonize over whether they would face scrutinizing bureaucratic formalism.

In the face of growing uncertainty, companies may exert too much

unproductive or wasteful efforts to sidestep possible sanctions from the

regulators rather than performing their proper role as value-creators.

The regulators have unprecedented difficulties as well. The regulators are

required to consider any and all possibilities out there as there is no clear

criteria for judging violations of accounting standards. Under the prior

rules-based accounting system, regulators simply determined whether the

companies complied with the specific rules explicitly stated in accounting

standards. In the principles-based system, however, the regulatory bodies are

Page 21: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

Chapter 1. Adopting principles-based accounting 21

required to determine whether the accounting method chosen by a company

faithfully represents the economic substance of a certain transaction.

It is never easy to determine whether one specific accounting method

faithfully portrays economic substance because such matters are closely

related to the managementโ€™s judgment. On the other hand, as there is a high

possibility of management abusing its discretionary power in principles-based

accounting, the regulatory bodiesโ€™ assessment of managementโ€™s discretionary

power is of immense importance. Eventually, this instills a belief in the

regulatory bodies that their role becomes ever more important in principles-

based accounting and their regulation should be further strengthened

accordingly. In contrast to the expectation that IFRS may reduce the function

of regulatory bodies, it can paradoxically expand and strengthen the

regulatory function in many ways.

โ€ข Regulatory Risks derived from adopting IFRS in Korean context

First, principle-based accounting may often lead to the โ€˜regulatory creepโ€™.

Because principles-based accounting does not provide definite rules or

quantitative guidelines, the boundaries of regulation could be extended. Due

to such uncertainty, the boundary of regulation could be extended from the

compliance with accounting standards to internal control procedures for

financial reporting, and even to managementโ€™s intention of applying a certain

accounting method.

Another risk that may arise from adopting principles-based accounting in a

rules-based environment is hindsight-driven enforcement. As it is difficult to

assess the soundness of managementโ€™s judgments, it is likely that regulators

observe managementโ€™s intentions a few years after the regulators see realized

outcomes of certain financial reporting rather than at the very timing of such

reporting. In other words, the regulatory bodies make decisions in hindsight

based on outcomes which they can clearly gauge, as it is not easy to evaluate

the process taken to arrive at the accounting choice at the time of the financial

reporting.

Page 22: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

22 PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING

For example, assume that a company had a new type of transaction. The

company accounted for the transaction based on the best estimation of

outcomes using all information available at the time of the transaction.

However, the actual result was later found to be somewhat different from

their original estimation. In such case, the regulatory bodies may enforce

sanctions on the company and its auditor in hindsight solely based on the

fact that the companyโ€™s estimation did not match the actual outcome, rather

than on the adequacy of the estimation based on the circumstances at the

time the transaction occurred.

In a rules-based-law environment like Korea, it is essential to lay down a

clear set of criteria on what constitutes violating accounting standards. No

doubt that an obvious violation of accounting standards that causes damage

to the investors and creditors should be punished accordingly. However, since

the principles-based accounting system does not always provide specific

accounting guidelines for all transactions, there can be certain risk that the

literal meaning of sentences in accounting standards itself can mislead and

even be used to punish companies. In line with that, for the regulatory bodies,

principles-based accounting could be capitalized on as a means to punish

companies with greater ease, given the perspective of regulatory bodies.

Amendment to the External Audit Act and Changes in the accounting

environment of Korea*

The Korean government realized that the quality of accounting information

did not sufficiently reach the level that they had initially expected, even after

the adoption of K-IFRS. Scandals broke over large public companiesโ€™

accounting inadequacy, such as that of Samsung BioLogics and DSME, which

illustrate that Korean companies still exhibited little awareness of accounting

transparency. In response to the lack of sufficient efforts by companies and

* In 2018, a major revision to the External Audit Act was conducted in order to improve

the quality of corporate accounting reporting. Numerous discussions have been held in

Korea regarding the revisionโ€™s influence on the accounting environment.

Page 23: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

Chapter 1. Adopting principles-based accounting 23

auditors to increase the integrity of accounting information, the Korean

government decided to raise the quality of accounting information by

strengthening the External Audit Act in 2018.

The main amendments made to the Act address the following in relation to

the application of accounting standards. First, the Act includes the Auditor

Designation (Rotation) System to strengthen external auditorsโ€™ independence.

Previously, Korea had a free commission system in which a company freely

appoints its own auditors. However, the system was criticized of inciting

excessive competition amongst auditors, reducing the audit quality due to

low audit fees and preventing auditors from independently expressing their

audit opinions. For these reasons, the Act introduces a new system in which

auditors are designated by the regulatory bodies and are rotated on a regular

basis. The new system allows public companies to freely appoint their

auditors for the first six years, and then the Financial Supervisory Service

(FSS) steps in to designate external auditors to the companies over the next

three years.

Second, the Act stipulated stronger penalties for companies, management and

auditors who fail to prepare adequate financial statements. As a country under

the code-law system in which accounting standards are part of the domestic

law, Korea has penalized companies, management and auditors for financial

statement error. The regulations to punish CEOs and auditors were

significantly strengthened in the amendment of the Act. For example, they

could be sentenced up to ten years in prison for falsely preparing financial

statements. They can be imprisoned even for life if the amount of the violation

exceeds one-tenth of the companyโ€™s total assets. Moreover, if a company

violates the accounting standards intentionally or by gross negligence, a fine

may be imposed up to 20% of the total amount of violation.

These amendments to the External Audit Act have positive aspects too, such

as strengthened responsibilities on the companyโ€™s end and external auditorsโ€™

enhanced independence. However, the increased risk stemming from

Page 24: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

24 PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING

heightened punishment could lead to greater conflict among stakeholders,

including companies, auditors, and regulatory bodies, and additionally

between the predecessor and successor auditors. In this circumstance, the

application of principles-based accounting within the code-law system itself

may exacerbate such conflict.

There are many other amendments to the External Audit Act that have either

direct or indirect impact on the implementation of principles-based

accounting. The next chapter illustrates a more detailed explanation in regard

to said impact.

Page 25: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

Chapter 2. Issues related to the application of principles-based accounting 25

In order to examine the current status of IFRS adoption in Korea, the research

team of the KAA conducted surveys and in-depth interviews. From October

2018 to March 2019, accounting personnel from 162 companies and 188

certified public accountants (CPAs) participated in the surveys. Corporate

accounting officers and executives, top management officers and staff from

the quality control office of accounting firms and officers from the regulatory

bodies were considered target interviewees. These tasks are meaningful in

that they show the status quo of IFRS adoption in Korea eight years after

its first introduction to the country in 2011. If including the early adoption

period, the study demonstrates the result of ten years of IFRS application

in Korea.

The surveys and in-depth interviews show that Korean stakeholders face

difficulties in applying principles-based IFRS. The challenges are summarized

separately in the categories of companies, auditors, and regulatory bodies

in following sub-chapter.

2Chapter

Issues related to the application of principles-based accounting

Page 26: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

26 PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING

2-1 The issues companies face: Increased management discretion and cost

Greater discretion and even greater possibility of personal interest

In principles-based accounting, a company must seek the most appropriate

accounting that best represents the real impact of a certain transaction on

its financial statements. As this process generally requires a significant amount

of management judgment, principles-based accounting allows management

to exercise a considerable amount of discretion. In the past when the rules-

based accounting was applied, management had little room to exert discretion

in its judgment, as the specific details of accounting (including interpretations

and results of technical inquiries) were stipulated in the standards.

According to the survey, 43.6% of the corporate accounting personnel

answered that managers are more inclined to take advantage of their increased

discretion in principles-based accounting to pursue their personal interests.

This is six times higher than those who responded differently, at 6.9%. Among

external auditors, 71.3% of respondents answered that the possibility of

earnings management has increased since the adoption of principles-based

IFRS.

The survey demonstrates that both the corporate accounting personnel and

external auditors believe there is an increased likelihood of earnings

management by managers.

Greater conflict between companies and stakeholders

Principles-based accounting calls on management to determine the most

relevant accounting for a particular transaction. However, management,

auditors, and regulatory bodies may have differing views on what the most

relevant accounting is.

In principles-based accounting that requires more judgment, second-guessing

could escalate, for example, on restated financial statements. It would be

Page 27: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

Chapter 2. Issues related to the application of principles-based accounting 27

difficult for the regulatory bodies to determine whether the restatement was

caused by a correction of an accounting error or changes in estimation. Even

if they determine that the restatement was made to correct an accounting

error, it is still not easy for them to conclude whether such error was caused

by negligence or willful intention. Therefore, it becomes more likely that

regulatory bodies pose questions more often and cause disputes more

frequently against companies under the principles-based accounting system.

In the survey of corporate accounting personnel, 52.6% responded that

conflict between management and regulatory bodies increased, and 60.9%

of the respondents said that conflict between management and auditors

increased after the adoption of principles-based IFRS. Moreover, 93.6% of

the external auditors replied in the survey that conflict between management

and auditors increased.

The increase in conflict between stakeholders could augment the risk that

companies must take in preparing their financial statements. 55.8% of the

respondents said that the regulatory bodies are more likely to ask questions

or comment on the corporate reporting review,* and 64.5% answered that

auditors are more likely to point out accounting errors. In line with these,

38% replied that creditors and shareholders are more likely to file lawsuits

since IFRS adoption.

Not enough improvements on auditors and regulatory bodies

As principles-based accounting places great emphasis on professional

judgment, accounting personnel, auditors, and regulatory bodies must work

on improving themselves by developing their expertise and boosting their

input effort level, etc. When asked if external auditorsโ€™ expertise increased

after the adoption of principles-based accounting, 31.8% of accounting

personnel replied that it increased, which is slightly higher than 21.2% of

* In its corporate reporting review, the Financial Supervisory Service, the regulator of Korea,

seeks to ensure that the provision of financial information by public and large private

companies complies with relevant reporting requirements.

Page 28: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

28 PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING

respondents who said that it decreased. The responses that said auditorsโ€™

input effort level has been expanded was 32.5%, which is slightly higher

than the 25.8% who gave reverse answer.

Meanwhile, the percentage of the respondents who found that regulatory

bodiesโ€™ expertise decreased (27.2%) is slightly higher than those who found

it increased (21.8%). More than half (51.7%) of the respondents replied that

the adoption of principles-based accounting did not affect their level of

satisfaction towards the regulatory bodiesโ€™ effort for improving the regulatory

system; and those whose level of satisfaction decreased (26.1%) slightly

outnumbered those who replied otherwise (23.2%).

To summarize, although the adoption of principles-based accounting calls

for change in the regulatory system, companies do not feel that the regulatory

bodies have been able to sufficiently understand the new accounting standards

and made changes in their regulatory system enough to adapt into the new

environment created by the principles-based IFRS.

Greater burden on accounting costs, but little change in internal accounting

infrastructure

The survey demonstrates that accounting costs have increased considerably

since the adoption of principles-based accounting. Approximately 81% of the

respondents said that audit fees increased and 73.5% answered that the cost

of being exposed to the litigation risk also increased. Besides, 81.1% of the

corporate accounting personnel said that the frequency of using consulting

services from external accounting firms increased, and 83.0% said that the

cost of consulting services increased. These results show that the companiesโ€™

dependence on consulting services has significantly increased since the

adoption of principles-based accounting.

On the other hand, 58.2% of the respondents said that no change had been

made to the job position level of the personnel in charge of preparing financial

statements, and 54.4% said that the number of staff in the accounting

Page 29: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

Chapter 2. Issues related to the application of principles-based accounting 29

departments did not change either after adopting principles-based standards.

All things considered, the cost of audit and the utilization of external resources

such as consulting services increased significantly to cope with the accounting

risks each company faced after principles-based accounting was adopted.

However, it appears that companies are leaning more on utilizing external

resources than building internal capacity. In their struggle to adapt to

principles-based accounting, companies seem to have become reliant on

external resources from a short-term perspective rather than strengthening

their internal capacity from a long-term perspective.

2-2 The issues auditors face: Increased auditorโ€™s risks and possible conflicts

Greater risk of audit failure

In the survey, 84.6% of the external auditors replied that the audit environment

has โ€˜worsenedโ€™ or โ€˜greatly worsenedโ€™ since the adoption of principles-based

accounting. The auditors pointed out that the regulatory bodiesโ€™ policy to

impose sanctions on the domain of professional judgment is the major reason

for the deteriorated audit environment. In fact, 91.5% of external auditors

responded that the likelihood of being questioned by regulatory bodies in

the corporate reporting review has โ€˜increasedโ€™ or โ€˜greatly increasedโ€™ since the

adoption of principles-based accounting.

One of the key characteristics of principles-based accounting is that it does

not always provide detailed guidelines applicable to a specific transaction.

This may lead to a conflict between the auditors and regulatory bodies over

the appropriateness of judgment made by a company. Depending on the

judgment of the person who applies the standards, the same transaction may

result in different outcomes, leading to possible future disputes. In Korea,

when the auditor and regulatory bodies have divergent opinions regarding

the application and interpretation of accounting standards, generally the

Page 30: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

30 PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING

regulatory bodies may begin the corporate reporting review process or, in

serious cases, seek to impose sanctions according to criminal law.

Moreover, principles-based accounting may increase the possibility of lawsuits

alleging audit failure. In the survey, 82.9% of auditors replied that the chances

of stakeholders filing lawsuits against auditors โ€˜increasedโ€™ or โ€˜significantly

increasedโ€™.

Conflicts between the predecessor and successor auditors

In 2019, Korea introduced a new system that mandates compulsory rotation

of external auditors in order to reinforce auditorsโ€™ independence. According

to the system, an external auditor may audit a company for up to six years,

but for the next three years, the company is to be audited by another auditor

designated by regulatory bodies. Through this process, external auditors will

have to be rotated at least every six years for each company. This is known

as the โ€˜Periodic External Auditor Designation Systemโ€™.

In addition to the introduction of the Periodic External Auditor Designation

System, the regulatory bodies significantly increased the responsibilities of

external auditors. The standard audit hours are provided to each company

to enforce the auditors to put in more than the minimum audit hours. The

penalty for audit failures have also significantly soared up. Due to these

changes, audits will be conducted in a much stricter manner and

disagreements between the predecessor and successor auditors regarding the

accounting of a company will inevitably surge upwards.

As 2020 is the first year of implementing the Periodic External Auditor

Designation System, it is too early to determine the status quo of actual

conflicts between the predecessor and successor auditors. However, the

survey highlighted that 92.0% of external auditors believe disputes between

the predecessor and successor auditors have already increased since the

adoption of principles-based accounting.

Page 31: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

Chapter 2. Issues related to the application of principles-based accounting 31

2-3 The issues regulatory bodies face: Increased conflicts from the limitations of corporate reporting review and differing interpretations

Selecting accounting methods to avoid sanctions imposed by regulatory

bodies

Koreaโ€™s social and legal system is underpinned by code-law, and thus Koreaโ€™s

regulations are mostly rules-based. Against the backdrop, it is not an easy

task for the regulatory bodies to exercise principles-based supervision only

for accounting standards. As noted earlier, companies and external auditors

feel that the regulatory bodies have done little to change their approach even

after principles-based accounting standards were implemented. This means

that the adoption of principles-based accounting has hardly affected the

regulatory bodiesโ€™ approach in determining the appropriateness of corporate

reporting.

Consequently, companies and external auditors are more inclined to look

for regulatory bodiesโ€™ opinions on the proper accounting method for a specific

transaction. If they cannot, companies and auditors choose the accounting

method that will cause the least conflict with the regulatory bodies, rather

than selecting the most appropriate accounting at its own discretion

considering the principles and objectives of the accounting standards. In this

way, they will be less likely to be sanctioned later by the regulatory bodies,

and even if they are, the sanctions will be less severe.

To avoid possible sanctions, companies may inquire or request opinions of

the regulatory bodies every time they encounter material accounting

judgment. However, if regulatory bodies keep providing their opinions, a

massive amount of local accounting guidelines would accumulate, which

would in turn hinder the proper establishment of principles-based accounting

in Korea. Furthermore, the opinions or guidelines provided by the regulatory

bodies do not always guarantee better quality in terms of corporate reporting.

Page 32: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

32 PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING

It could even worsen the quality of corporate reporting because the regulatory

bodies, as a third party, may not be as familiar with the nature of a transaction

as the company itself. It is also difficult for the regulatory bodies to respond

to every inquiry incessantly put forward by so many companies in a timely

manner. Moreover, it may wither the companiesโ€™ capability to interpret the

standards independently, which can fundamentally damage the eco-system

of principles-based IFRS โ€• where only regulatory bodiesโ€™ opinions are

respected.

Concerns over hindsight enforcement

The regulatory bodies also have difficulties with evaluating the

appropriateness of managementโ€™s discretionary judgment on accounting. In

a rules-based accounting system, regulatory bodies were only required to

check whether companies follow accounting standards. It was not difficult

because rules-based accounting provides quantitative or bright-line guidance.

In principles-based accounting, however, the proper accounting that reflects

the economic substance of a transaction is not always obvious. It may

sometimes differ depending on when the accounting decision is made.

Accordingly, in principles-based accounting, regulatory bodies must examine

whether the accounting selected by a company is in accordance with the

principles of accounting standards, and even whether it properly reflects

economic substance of a transaction. Therefore, in general, regulatory bodies

must exert more effort and examine more factors to validate the quality of

corporate reporting in the qualitative accounting standards than in the

quantitative accounting.

As a result, regulatory bodies tend to impose ex post, rather than ex ante,

sanctions after they see an actual outcome of corporate reporting. According

to the survey conducted by Bae and Lee (2013) on the corporate reporting

review procedures, 69% of individual CPAs and 93% of staff from the quality

control office of accounting firms said that they had experienced ex post

sanctions. Regulatory bodies imposed solely based on the actual outcomes

cultivated by particular transaction, not on any previous phases, to figure

Page 33: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

Chapter 2. Issues related to the application of principles-based accounting 33

out its economic substance in the most comprehensive manner.

Under the regulatory system that tends to impose ex post sanctions,

companies and auditors are more likely to choose an accounting method

that is expected not to cause any conflict with regulatory bodies rather than

to select the most appropriate one for each transaction. Furthermore, the

asymmetry in timing and information between regulators and regulatees make

it difficult for regulatees to accept the sanctions imposed by regulators.

Inconsistent sanctions

Sanction-oriented regulation in principles-based accounting may lead to

inconsistency in the level of sanctions even for the same accounting matters.

This problem has not been observed under rules-based accounting because

rules-based accounting provides bright-line standards with which to judge

accounting fraud and error. Corporate accounting officers and auditors have

expressed their concern that regulators may impose inconsistent measures

or sanctions on homogeneous issues under principles-based accounting.

Longer corporate reporting review process

As assessing managementโ€™s discretionary judgment is no easy task, it can lead

to overly extended review time. In principles-based accounting, regulatory

bodies must gather a greater amount of evidence in the review process, which

is likely to result in an extended review period.

As the corporate reporting review process is prolonged, the personnel

responsible for the review could be switched in-between. If this happens,

the new reviewer may request to re-submit overlapping data (Lee, 2018).

In such case, both the company and the auditor would have to unnecessarily

repeat providing the same materials and explanations to the regulatory bodies.

The situation would be the same for the regulatory bodies who need to invest

twice as much effort into the review process, which could lead to an amplified

possibility of conflict amongst all three aforementioned parties.

Page 34: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG
Page 35: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

Chapter 3. Solutions for principles-based accounting 35

Then, what should a country of code-law origin do to successfully implement

principles-based accounting?

It is not easy to come up with a solution that promptly brings about the

successful establishment of principles-based accounting which resolves

current confusion in practice at the same time. Thus, the research team has

provided suggestions to successfully implement principles-based accounting

in Korea. In the short-term, the team suggests to minimize complexities and

uncertainties in applying IFRS in practice. In the long-term, the team focuses

on improving understanding principles-based accounting for all stakeholders

including companies, auditors, regulatory bodies, and other information users.

The team believes that proper understanding of principles-based accounting

is critical for successful implementation of IFRS in Korea.

3Chapter

Solutions for principles-based accounting

Page 36: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

36 PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING

3-1 The business side: Set up stronger due process and better communication with stakeholders

Strengthen the internal control system for financial reporting

To establish principles-based accounting, companies must find a way to most

accurately reflect the substance of its economic activities by considering the

Conceptual Framework and the purpose of each accounting standard. Thus,

companies acquiring a high level of accounting expertise is the starting point

of principles-based accounting. For this, it is crucial that the business side

strengthens its internal control system for financial reporting to enhance

corporate accounting expertise.

In particular, when a company sets up its internal control process, it must

also consider the design and operation of the internal control for financial

reporting. For accounting issues that require managementโ€™s judgment, for

example, the approval authority should be able to directly review the basis

of managementโ€™s judgment and the integrity of the evidence. The results must

then be documented before approval. Thus, it is important that companies

have an internal control system supporting the best accounting practice and

preventing managersโ€™ potential opportunistic behavior.

In the context of such regulatory purpose, the new External Audit Act in

2018 mandates the certification level for an internal control system for financial

reporting from โ€˜reviewโ€™ to โ€˜audit.โ€™ This is expected to contribute to

establishment of a stronger internal accounting system, which in turn improves

principles-based accounting.

Competence of internal accounting staff

Strengthening accounting staff expertise is as important as enhancing the

internal accounting system. For companies to adequately determine an

appropriate accounting method considering the economic substance of a

transaction or an event, they must first have a well-grounded knowledge of

accounting principles. Thus, it is of utmost importance that the accounting

Page 37: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

Chapter 3. Solutions for principles-based accounting 37

staff of a company has an accurate understanding of the principles of

principles-based accounting. In addition to this, the accounting staff must

have the ability to: recognize the economic substance of transactions and

events to be accounted for; determine the best accounting for the transaction;

and make a convincing argument regarding the validity of their decisions

to auditors and regulatory bodies. For this, company management needs to

expand their investment in the internal accounting infrastructure.

The role and responsibility of the accounting department should also change.

Accounting should be more than book-keeping. Instead, accounting should

be a strategic process to collect all information related to firm business and

help management make better decisions. The accounting department should

take a main role in supporting such a high level of strategic decision-making.

One way to achieve this is by separating the accounting department as an

independent think-tank team under the direct control of management, or to

reorganize it into an advisory body that provides expert advice to other

departments. In addition, the accounting department should also take on a

monitoring role as discussed above.

Another suggestion is to consider outsourcing external experts as well as to

strengthen the competence of the internal workforce. As principles-based

accounting requires judgment on accounting choice, management needs to

gather diverse opinions to make better accounting decisions. Opinions outside

the company may give insight on what the internal workforce missed, which

in turn stimulates active discussion on accounting issues and helps

management make better decisions. It also may aid the management to

conveniently document the basis for accounting choices, which would in turn

strengthen the expertise of the accounting department. It will help companies

maintain the consistency of their accounting work and increase the quality

of financial reporting.

Unbiased judgment and documentation of the basis of judgment

Unbiased judgment is important in both rules-based and principles-based

Page 38: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

38 PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING

accounting. However, because principles-based accounting requires judgment

for accounting choice, management should take into consideration all

available information to make decision. Preparation and analysis of related

information and documentation of these processes are important in principles-

based accounting.

Some Korean companies, however, still do not recognize the importance of

this procedure as they are accustomed to rules-based accounting. Because

rules-based accounting provides a specific accounting method for a specific

transaction, all management have to do is to simply find an appropriate

accounting rule for a given transaction. Under rules-based accounting, they

do not have to pay much attention to documenting certain accounting

decisions.

It is extremely important to document accounting decisions under principles-

based accounting. Not only does the documentation process itself help

managers make better decisions but it also prevents potential litigation risk.

From the very outset of the transaction, management must document in-detail

the basis of their judgment, specifically the content and nature of the

transaction, relevant accounting standards and accounting methods, the

impact on financial statements, and ex post evaluation of the appropriateness

of the final accounting method selected.

Strengthen the role of audit committee

It goes without saying that internal communication within an accounting

department is important for better accounting decisions. From the inception

of a transaction, sufficient discussion must be carried out at each and every

stage of the process before making the final decision. If deemed necessary,

feedback from external stakeholders should be actively sought after.

Nonetheless, active discussion is not easy within an organization as it is

supposed to be, especially for the company with top-down leadership culture.

In this regard, the role of the audit committee is essential. The audit committee

Page 39: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

Chapter 3. Solutions for principles-based accounting 39

should lead active discussion among staff for the issues requiring the

managementโ€™s judgment and decisions related to choosing important

accounting policy, etc. As an organization independent from managers, the

audit committee could review the whole process of accounting and decision-

making by managers. The audit committee should review whether there is

sufficient discussion on those issues and can look for external opinions, if

necessary.

In this vein, one of the main changes in the new External Audit Act in 2018

is to increase the responsibilities of audit committee for transparency in

financial reporting. The Act empowers the audit committee to appoint external

auditors and hire external experts to investigate accounting violations if

necessary. These changes aim to improve the internal judgment process under

principles-based accounting.

Better communication with stakeholders outside the company

In principles-based accounting, companies and regulatory bodies must

establish a new, mutually cooperative relationship. Because of insufficient

understanding of principles-based accounting, companies and regulatory

bodies may encounter unnecessary disagreement regarding the

appropriateness of accounting for certain issues. The disagreement, in turn,

could result in legal dispute. In order to minimize disputes or disagreement,

it is important that managers and regulatory bodies share the issues and search

for solutions in an early stage of the accounting issues. For this, good

communication between companies and regulatory bodies is important.

To make this possible, companies must make the first move towards making

cooperative ties with the regulatory bodies. Companies need to take initiative

in holding regular meetings with regulatory bodies such as the KASB and

the FSS, and also with accounting firms to maintain good communication

channels. Through these communication channels, managers should be able

to share accounting issues for new business and transactions, and discuss

how new economic events should be recorded and reported, thereby

Page 40: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

40 PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING

broadening their consensus.

In addition, companies need to actively participate in the process of

standard-setting. The IASB frequently looks for comments on discussion

papers and exposure drafts. Management should actively participate in this

process so that the standard setter understands the practical difficulties in

applying new accounting standards as well as the ways to solve the

difficulties. In principles-based accounting, the standard-setting is not an

exclusive role of the accounting standard-setting body but a task which

requires the participation of all main stakeholders of accounting.

Communicating through disclosure

IFRS requires companies to disclose โ€˜the judgments (...) that management

has made (...) that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized

in the financial statementsโ€™ (para 122, IAS 1). However, many companies tend

to simply boilerplate items in their notes as the disclosure requirements set

out in the standards.

The purpose of requiring disclosure of managementโ€™s judgment in principles-

based IFRS is to help financial statement users better understand the

accounting policies and to ensure comparability among companies.

Companies themselves should have more confidence in making reasonable

judgments and disclose them through financial reporting.

Notes to financial statements are a useful means to communicate with

information users. Through notes, companies should provide the basis for

their judgments, explain their accounting policies and discuss the effects of

these accounting choices on the financial statements. Notes can also be used

for companies to explain what their intentions are so that investors can

understand the financial reporting better. For example, when a company

restates its financial statements, they can disclose in the notes detailed reasons

for restating the financial statements, logical backgrounds, relevant standards

and the effect of the restatement to provide an all-encompassing explanation

Page 41: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

Chapter 3. Solutions for principles-based accounting 41

for the restatement to information users.

If there are disagreements among management, auditors, and regulators over

certain accounting issues, it should be better to disclose those disagreements

in the notes so that information users can understand what controversy exists

and the rationale behind company decision-making. For example, the

following could be disclosed in the notes: (1) list of possible alternative

accounting policies, (2) the companyโ€™s choice of certain accounting policy

and due justification, and (3) the impact of the alternatives (either selected

or not) on financial statements. These will help the users better understand

the economic substance of the transactions.

Changes in managementโ€™s perception of accounting

In addition to the above, it is most important that the managementโ€™s

perception of accounting changes because the โ€˜tone at the topโ€™ is the most

critical factor necessary to changing a companyโ€™s attitude towards accounting.

Currently, most management still regards accounting as a simple process of

preparing and filing accounting information in compliance with the regulatory

bodiesโ€™ regulations.

When a company makes an important business decision, they commonly tend

to examine the decisionโ€™s impact in-detail with regard to finance, tax, law,

etc. However, they hardly examine how that decision could possibly affect

accounting reports. Only when the company encounters unexpected

accounting consequences do they begin to analyze the accounting issues.

The management should understand the importance of accounting and discuss

accounting issues in the early stage of business decision-making. They must

thoroughly discuss with internal accounting experts the impact of the

decision-making on the companyโ€™s financial positions and business

performance. If necessary, they should consult with external third-party

experts for their objective opinions to minimize any possible problems that

may be caused by accounting issues.

Page 42: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

42 PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING

3-2 Auditors: Strengthen human resources and reorganize the audit procedures

Enhancing competency of in-house accountants and strengthening quality

control

Audit firms should make more effort in educating accountants to build better

understanding toward principles-based accounting. Specifically, accounting

firms need to provide education programs that help auditors build up the

capability to make better judgments, rather than merely become knowledge

transmitters. The program fosters the ability to better apply principles, e.g.,

using case learning methods, would be more desirable than theoretical

learning. To this end, it would be beneficial that the Korea Institute of Certified

Public Accountants (KICPA) prepares those programs so that a large number

of accountants can be educated in a more systemized way.

To resolve the difficulties faced by auditors in the process of interpreting

accounting standards, accounting firms should also strengthen the role of

supporting staff, such as the quality control office in an accounting firm. To

this end, the Korean government introduced securing the appropriate quality

management personnel as one of the requirements for the Auditor Registration

for the audit of public companies. This was introduced through the

amendment to the External Audit Act in 2018. This requires that audit firms

should have both the director and staff members in charge of quality

management to be solely dedicated to their work. Besides, the director should

have more than seven years of experience in the field.

Organizing a dedicated accounting standards team within the quality control

office in accounting firms is crucial as well. The team should be responsible

for regularly bringing up-to-date accounting standards, continuously updating

the newest ones, building a knowledge database regarding them, and sharing

the results of their accounting research with the accountants within the firm.

Efficient operation of this team can tackle a significant portion of the

difficulties that arise in interpreting the standards and in turn improve audit

Page 43: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

Chapter 3. Solutions for principles-based accounting 43

quality.

Improving communication between auditors

To successfully implement and develop principles-based accounting, auditors

should actively share important issues with one another. The Big 4 accounting

firms already use their global network to actively engage in discussions on

significant issues with their member accounting firms worldwide and share

its results with their domestic stakeholders. They also assign separate quality

control personnel to each accounting standard to perform an in-depth review

of accounting issues raised and delve into them to draw appropriate

conclusions.

However, the fact that most of the small- and medium-sized accounting firms

have limited human power and networks makes it difficult for them to access

important data. Under such circumstances, it is meaningful that the KICPA

publishes working manuals for each accounting standard for educational

purposes twice a year. The Korean Big 4s actively participate in publishing

working manuals and contribute to their knowledge and experience with

other small- and medium-sized accounting firms.

The new External Audit Act mandates the rotation of auditors every seventh

year. This regulation change aims to increase auditorsโ€™ independence and

makes successor auditors cross-check audit works done by their predecessors.

However, there are cases in which successor auditors do not accept a

companyโ€™s financial statements which are already audited by predecessor

auditors and request restatement. The converse also occurs, in which

predecessor auditors do not agree with the successor auditorsโ€™ opinion. Such

conflicts between auditors pose serious uncertainties for companies. This

implies that the communication between the predecessor and successor

auditors is crucial for the successful implementation of regulation, especially

under principles-based accounting.

To solve this problem, the FSC recently put forward โ€˜a plan to mitigate the

Page 44: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

44 PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING

problems arising from disagreements between predecessor and successor

auditorsโ€™. For any auditors in conflict with one another, the plan dictates that

they go through the coordination procedure of the Prior Period Error

Corrections Council hosted by the KICPA. The plan also guarantees to reduce

the level of sanctions possibly imposed in the future corporate reporting

review, once the matter at issue has been faithfully negotiated through the

council. However, before placing the matter under the coordination of the

council, predecessor and successor auditors must make an effort to respect

each other and resolve issues through communication.

3-3 Regulatory bodies: Accept diversity and exercise preventative supervision

Respect accounting diversity and accept multiple accounting alternatives

Respecting managementโ€™s judgment is key to principles-based accounting.

Seemingly similar transactions that have somewhat different economic

substance should produce different accounting results. Therefore, in

principles-based accounting, there may be cases where it is difficult to clearly

determine a violation of accounting standards because different perceptions

and approaches may exist for similar transactions. Not-alike accounting

methods can be chosen depending upon the different approaches taken;

however, if they are consistent with the โ€˜principlesโ€™ they still should be

accepted.

As Korea has a code-law system, Korean regulators are familiar with rules-

based regulations and determine whether companies violate accounting

standards based on rules in standards. This limits the managementโ€™s discretion

for better accounting reports. Thus, regulators must assess whether

management is making accounting choices consistent with the objectives of

financial reporting, rather than whether accounting choice made by

management is literally written in the accounting standards. One big concern

by management under IFRS is conflict with regulators, especially in regard

Page 45: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

Chapter 3. Solutions for principles-based accounting 45

to interpreting and applying accounting standards.

As transactions become more complex with the development of business and

society, more rules that can deal with new transactions are needed. However,

the speed of setting new rules is not fast enough to handle all new

transactions. This gives rise to the need for principles-based accounting that

can encompass all the complex factors. Hence, regulatory bodies should

perform accounting supervision on the premise that the standards may not

handle the transaction and alternative accounting is possible for a similar

transaction.

Introduction of the financial statement review system for proactive

monitoring and the precautions thereof

Supervision in rules-based accounting is more likely to be retroactive,

examining the appropriateness of past accounting reports. On the other hand,

supervision in principles-based accounting is more forward-looking. That is,

in principles-based accounting, supervision focuses on preventing

inappropriate accounting and improving the quality of financial reporting.

On November 1, 2018, Korean regulatory bodies announced a new

supervision procedure over corporate financial reporting (โ€˜financial statements

review systemโ€™). Under the new system, the authoritative review agency

reviews the companyโ€™s financial statements for any potential violations of

accounting standards, receives an explanation from the company about any

unusual findings, and then upon detecting any violations, advises the

company to revise its financial statements or to issue additional disclosure.

It aims to facilitate communication between companies and regulatory bodies

and encourages the revision of financial statements if there is any error. The

objective is to avoid the penalties associated with company violations of

accounting standards.

Korea had a โ€˜pre-review inspection systemโ€™ in the past. However, the

pre-review inspection system and the financial statements review system are

Page 46: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

46 PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING

two very different systems. While the pre-review inspection system was a

preliminary stage for selecting targets for a scrutinized full scope inspection,

the financial statements review system aims to suggest prompt revisions to

any errors in the financial information and facilitate communication between

regulatory bodies and the company about any unusual events. This is a

significant regulatory shift from a rules-basis to principles-basis. Thus, the

success of this new system is critical for principles-based accounting as this

regulation affects the behaviors of management and auditors. Nonetheless,

there is a possibility that the financial statements review system becomes

similar to the pre-review audit system in practice. Therefore, the following

should be kept in mind when operating the financial statement review system.

First, all stakeholders (companies, auditors, regulatory bodies, National

Assembly, Board of Audit and Inspection of Korea, press, etc.) should have

full understanding of principles-based accounting and the purpose and

limitations of the financial statements review system. The purpose of the

review system is not to detect fraudulent accounting, nor to punish or impose

sanctions. Instead, the review system seeks to protect information users. Even

if a company made errors, the purpose of the review system is to enable

the company to correct their mistakes voluntarily and to encourage timely

disclosure of the accurate information to the market. Thus, the review

procedure should not aim to track down all errors. Otherwise, the market

will not be able to access proper information on time, which in turn could

inflict damage upon the information users.

Second, to successfully operate the financial statements review system, the

financial statements reviewers must hold a high level of expertise. The review

of financial statements is not about simply finding the violations of accounting

by comparing with accounting standards. It requires an in-depth expertise

in accounting relevant to the company and industry. The reviewers should

have deep understanding of principles-based accounting.

In addition to expertise, efficiency in reviewing financial statements is just

Page 47: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

Chapter 3. Solutions for principles-based accounting 47

as important. As Korean laws mandate the timing of disclosing financial

statements, any dispute in accounting may delay the disclosure of financial

statements, which results in the violation of law. As there is a large number

of companies to be reviewed, it is imperative that the personnel in charge

of the review process carry out their role efficiently.

Information technology-based techniques are worth consideration. The

artificial intelligence machine could efficiently carry out primary work based

on past data; and then, an expert from the regulatory bodies can complete

the review procedure based on the result of the primary work. This will help

secure both expertise and efficiency at the same time.

Third, the review should be operated based on precise and objective due

process. The review process should not be a pre-step for formal investigation.

If so, companies would not accept any comments from the review and would

not correct financial reporting. This is not the objective of new review system.

For the objective due process and decision, using an experts panel could

be helpful (Han 2018). The regulatory bodies can form a pool of a sufficient

number of experts from companies, auditors, academia, and information

users, and then, whenever necessary, select the experts from the pool. The

selected panel can determine whether to comment on specific issues found

in the financial statements review.

In order to speed up the financial statements review procedure, setting a

deadline for reviews over the financial statements in advance would be worth

consideration. Deadline extensions should be allowed only when necessary.

It would also be desirable that the authority to approve extensions should

be given to the panel. It would help to increase the predictability and

objectivity of the financial statements review system.

Consistent with the recommendation of the research team, the FSC stipulates

in June 2019 that the bodies responsible for the financial statements review

Page 48: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

48 PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING

and the audit review should be separated and that the financial statements

review should be concluded within three months.

Improving quality control reviews to enhance audit quality

The objective of quality control review of external auditors is to strengthen

accounting firmโ€™s quality control process and thus to enhance quality of

accounting information. Currently, the regulatory bodies may provide a

recommendation for improving accounting firmsโ€™ quality control process if

they find any violation of the quality control standards. The regulatory bodies

could issue a correction order if the violation repeats, and that the regulatory

bodies may impose sanctions if the firm still fails to comply even after the

correction order. Also, the regulatory bodies may disclose to the public

improvement recommendations for no more than three years. If a firm fails

to comply with the improvement recommendation within one year from the

date of receiving the recommendation without a valid reason, the fact of

non-compliance can be disclosed to the public for no more than three years.

Even though regulatory bodies use the quality control review to enhance the

quality of accounting information, they may even more actively use it as a

tool to induce external auditors themselves to strengthen their quality control.

In order to persuade the external auditors to make the necessary effort for

better quality control, regulatory bodies could use the results of quality control

review in a mandatorily rotating auditor, selecting a target firm for inspection,

and determining the amount of fines or sanctions.

The regulatory bodies should also strengthen its own competence in

supervising quality control. To this end, the FSS should develop the expertise

of quality control review personnel and actively recruit new staff with

extensive experience in reviews, if necessary. In addition, they need to

develop ways to systematically foster the experts.

The regulatory bodies must also seek ways to improve the effectiveness and

efficiency of quality control reviews. Currently, reviewers request auditors to

Page 49: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

Chapter 3. Solutions for principles-based accounting 49

submit a substantial amount of data from across all areas of quality control

processes, and conduct a review in a short period of time. This current

practice, therefore, cannot but be centered on error detection. The regulatory

bodies should consider moving away from the formality of reviews centered

on error detection and instead shift toward in-depth quality-oriented reviews

where the critical key quality control items are selected and reviewed.

Supervisory guidelines as no-action letters, not accounting standards

The โ€˜supervisory guidelinesโ€™ issued by the FSC and the FSS are a type of

no-action letters. Supervisory guidelines are not accounting standards, nor

are they interpretations of accounting standards. They are specific guidelines

for supervision within the scope of reasonable interpretation of K-IFRS

prepared by regulatory bodies. The guidelines are thus no-action letters,

meaning that no action will be taken on a particular accounting for supervisory

purposes.

The regulatory bodiesโ€™ issuance of supervisory guidelines may help reduce

uncertainties in accounting. However, the abuse of such guidelines may

undermine the foundation of principles-based accounting because it is highly

likely that the supervisory guidelines will function as accounting standards

in practice if abused.

Therefore, the supervisory guidelines must be issued only when it is strictly

necessary to resolve uncertainties. In addition, when issuing the guidelines,

the regulatory bodies must carefully consider if and whether the guidelines

are likely to induce companies to opt for an accounting policy that does

not comply with the principles of accounting standards. To this end, it is

necessary to collect the opinions of various accounting experts before the

release of the supervisory guidelines. On top of that, the fact that the

supervisory guidelines are not accounting standards should always be clearly

stated.

Page 50: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

50 PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING

Educative technical inquiry service

Recently, demand for technical inquiry service is increasing. Technical inquiry

service can help eliminate the uncertainties about whether an accounting

choice is acceptable and also reduce information imbalance. The technical

inquiries and the relevant data can even be utilized as educational materials.

Therefore, it is desirable to disclose not only the conclusion of a technical

inquiry but also the process leading up to the conclusion and the logic behind

the decision.

On the other hand, technical inquiries may damage the fundamentals of

principle-based accounting. There is also a risk that the content of the

response to the queries could conflict with IFRS. Disclosing the content of

inquiries could even lead to where the inquiry materials are abused to make

inappropriate arguments for the cases where the fact patterns are different.

Therefore, it is desirable to make clear that the responses to technical inquiries

are specifically limited to the specific fact patterns and should be used only

for educational purposes.

3-4 Further issues in establishing principles-based accounting

The problem of distinguishing illegal acts with intention

The accounting standard violations that have occurred since the adoption of

principles-based IFRS demonstrate that the principle of legality (the principle

that the law must define punishable acts in detail) has not been fully observed

in reality. In many cases, companies were accused of violations even when

they were not explicitly enumerated in IFRS. In other words, punishment

for violating IFRS provisions conflicts with the principle of legality. According

to the logic behind delegated legislation, IFRS becomes the law that regulates

violations. However, the principles-based IFRS fails to abide by the principle

of legality because it only provides general principles without specific

provisions.

Page 51: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

Chapter 3. Solutions for principles-based accounting 51

In principles-based accounting, it is difficult to judge whether an act of

violation was committed deliberately (intentionally) or without knowing (due

to negligence) because it allows management to exercise considerable amount

of discretion. Intention can again be divided into either definite one or willful

negligence as the weakest form of intention that cannot be considered as

a definite intention. The distinction between these two is also demanding.

As it is not easy to identify illegal acts under principle-based accounting,

punishment must be imposed with extreme caution unless the violation of

the principles is crystal clear from the legal point of view.

Fostering the culture of debating and respecting process-oriented judgment

Active discussion and exchange of views enables us to identify various

problems that can possibly occur in the future, and thus to make more

effective judgments when similar situation happens. Having intense

discussions to make the right judgment and find concrete grounds for the

judgment is the core of principles-based accounting.

Companies and auditors should continue to hold thorough discussions based

on documents with compelling logic. It will not only help prevent potential

conflicts between them but also assist in identifying the responsible party

with greater ease and accuracy, should legal liability issues arise in the future.

Of course, no matter how much discussion and communication the company

and auditor have, problems like accounting errors cannot be completely

prevented. Therefore, it is imperative that companies shift towards placing

greater emphasis on accounting process for successful implementation of

principle-based accounting. Similarly, the regulatory bodies should also shift

towards process-oriented supervision, instead of the consequential

supervision where all decisions are made based solely on the ultimate results.

Page 52: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG
Page 53: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

Epilogue 53

Epilogue

Korea has a very long history of a rules-based code-law system. In Korea,

since accounting standards are interpreted as a part of the law, violation of

the accounting standards are seen as violation of the law and thereby get

punished. It is therefore not surprising that Korean accounting professionals

living under this code-law system find principles-based accounting rather

uncomfortable, since principles-based accounting requires a wide spectrum

of judgements which could be retrospectively seen out of line. When

accounting standards are considered to be a part of the code-law, the scope

of interpreting accounting standards becomes extremely narrow, making every

word in the accounting standard immensely important. Any accounting policy

that differs even slightly from the very wording of the accounting standards

could be penalized as a violation of the law. Quite often, companies and

external auditors are accused of and even get punished for unintended

misinterpretation of the standards.

In contrast, nation-states including the UK do not aim to punish companies

for accounting failure but seek to reach the agreement with them so that

the company could provide accurate information to the market in a timely

manner. The Executive Director of Financial Reporting Council of UK noted

in an interview that โ€˜the FRC does not exist to punish companies. The business

side, external auditors, and regulatory bodies all engage in a mutually trusting,

cooperative relationship, endeavoring together to improve the quality of

corporate financial reportingโ€™.

Page 54: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

54 PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING

We must strike flint to start fire

Building a mutually trusting partnership should be the first and foremost step

to properly establish principles-based accounting in a country like Korea

where accounting standards are part of code law. Discussions must

continuously take place, and for that to happen, participants should not shy

away from the conflicts that may inevitably arise from such discussions. In

other words, dispute, not disguise, leads to the truth.

Until now, accounting stakeholders have been hiding their flint when it comes

to the issue of principles-based accounting. Companies, auditors, regulatory

bodies, and academia must take out their flint to strike up heated discussions

so that principles-based accounting can shine. The result of an intense debate

may not always lead to the right answer. But to come up with the most

satisfying solution, we have to make arguments and discuss with others

continuously. We need to grasp how principles-based accounting differs from

rules-based accounting through discussions.

The establishment and development of principles-based accounting cannot

be achieved in a short period of time, especially in a country with rules-based

system. However, presenting problems and tackling the issues through

continuous discussions will enable all the stakeholders to better understand

principles-based accounting; and by understanding the counterpartโ€™s claims

and the grounds therefore, a mutually trusting cooperative relationship would

be established among them instead of a relationship involving distrust or even

sanctions.

Suggestions for the successful establishment of principles-based accounting

The research team of KAA presents following policy proposals for the

successful establishment of principles-based accounting in a rules-based

country like Korea.

Stakeholders must understand principles-based accounting. Stakeholders must

also learn to trust and respect each other.

Page 55: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

Epilogue 55

โˆ™ Acknowledge that differences may arise in the interpretation of principles-

based accounting and build a culture that respects the views of experts

on interpretation.

โˆ™ Aim to improve the quality of corporate financial reporting by encouraging

companies to provide proper financial reporting and disclosures, instead

of aiming to regulate, penalize, or criticize.

โˆ™ Develop a cooperative relationship built on mutual trust among

companies, auditors, and regulatory bodies.

Companies must improve their procedures and facilitate continuous

communication for better implementation of principles-based accounting.

โˆ™ Acknowledge that the responsibility of preparing financial statements lies

with the company and that the purpose of financial statements is to

communicate with information users.

โˆ™ Enhance the quality of financial statements by elevating the status of the

accounting department in the company and strengthening their

capabilities to enable independent interpretation and judgment with

regard to accounting standards.

โˆ™ Establish due process for making significant judgments during the

preparation of financial statements and equip more elaborate documents

to justify the decisions.

Auditors must strengthen human resources and modify audit procedures to

better implement principles-based accounting.

โˆ™ Make every effort to maintain a high level of expertise and independence

(provide training for auditors, strengthen the quality control office, etc.).

โˆ™ Document the basis for expert judgment in detail to the greatest extent

possible to ensure justification for the audit process.

โˆ™ Respect the judgment of fellow auditors.

Regulatory bodies must accept diversity and exercise preventive supervision

as part of its effort to better implement principles-based accounting.

โˆ™ Shift towards preventive supervision by encouraging public disclosures

Page 56: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

56 PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING

to avoid uncertainties that arise from lack of information (Adopt an

appropriate ex ante review system).

โˆ™ Exercise supervision over the process and procedures to induce

production of good accounting information, instead of imposing

punishment based solely on the results.

โˆ™ Expand the infrastructure of the regulatory bodies to ensure adequate

review and supervision (Reinforce the supervisory organizations, establish

expert panels, recruit experienced supervision personnel, etc.).

Institutional strategies must be improved for better implementation of

principles-based accounting.

โˆ™ Sufficiently guarantee companiesโ€™ right to defense in interpreting standards

and making judgements thereon so that the credibility of the decisions

made by the FSCโ€™s Securities and Futures Commission may be enhanced

(Guarantee the right to request the copy of review reports, fully operate

the adversarial system, specify decisions content, etc.).

โˆ™ Apply a strict framework of judgement when determining deliberate acts

of misconduct, taking into consideration the principle of clarity.

โˆ™ Allow experts in accounting standards and Regulatory Review Measure

Guidelines to handle accounting cases in the long term (Promote the

establishment of the accounting tribunal).

We hope this summary and the policy proposals will be of help to countries

with rules-based legal and social systems in pursuing their journey towards

principles-based accounting.

Page 57: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

Reference 57

Reference

Ahmed, A. S., M. Neel, and D. Wang. 2013. Does mandatory adoption of IFRS

improve accounting quality? Preliminary evidence. Contemporary Accounting

Research 30(4): 1344-1372.

Ball, R. 2006. International financial reporting standards (IFRS): pros and cons for

investors. Accounting and Business Research 36: 5-27.

Barth, M., W. Landsman, and M. Lang. 2008. International Accounting Standards

and Accounting Quality. Journal of Accounting Research 46: 467-498.

Barth, M., W. Landsman, M. Lang, and C. Williams. 2012. Are IFRS-based and

US GAAP-based accounting amounts comparable? Journal of Accounting and

Economics 54: 68-93.

Bae, G., and J. Lee. 2013. A study on improvement of the Financial Supervisory

Serviceโ€™s regulatory review on audits. Korean Accounting Journal 22(2): 23-60.

Black, J., M. Hopper, and C. Band. 2007. Making a success of principles-based

regulation. Law and Financial Markets Review 1(3): 191-206.

Braun, G. P., C. M. Haynes, T. D. Lewis, and M. H. Taylor. 2015. Principles-based

vs. rules-based accounting standards: The effects of auditee proposed

accounting treatment and regulatory enforcement on auditor judgments and

confidence. Research in Accounting Regulation 27(1): 45-50.

Brown, P., and A. Tarca. 2005. A commentary on issues relating to the enforcement

of International Financial Reporting Standards in the EU. European Accounting

Review 14(1): 181-212.

Callao, S., and J. I. Jarne. 2010. Have IFRS affected earnings management in the

European Union? Accounting in Europe 7(2): 159-189.

Cascino, S., and J. Gassen. 2010. Mandatory IFRS adoption and accounting

comparability. Working Paper.

Cho, S., S. Park, S. Ha, and H. Kim. 2013. Market reaction to the turning operating

losses into profits of distressed firms through adopting IFRS. Korean Journal

Page 58: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

58 PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING

of Accounting Research 38(4): 261-295.

Cho, J. 2019. Implementation of principle-based accounting standards: The case

of Samsung Biologics. Korean Accounting Association Academic Presentation

Papers(2): 1-36.

Choi, S., and K. Choi. 2015. Does adoption of K-IFRS improve accounting

transparency? - Analysis of the usefulness of accounting information in capital

market. Productivity Review 29(2): 197-230.

Cohen, J. R., G. Krishnamoorthy, M. Peytcheva, and A. M. Wright. 2013. How

does the strength of the financial regulatory regime influence auditorsโ€™

judgments to constrain aggressive reporting in a principles-based versus

rules-based accounting environment? Accounting Horizons 27(3): 579-601.

Daske, H., L. Hail, C. Leuz, and R. Verdi. 2008. Mandatory IFRS reporting around

the world: Early evidence on the economic consequences. Journal of

Accounting Research 46: 1085-1142.

De George, E. T., C. B. Ferguson, and N. A. Spear. 2013. How much does IFRS

Cost? IFRS adoption and audit fees. The Accounting Review 88(2): 429-462.

DiPiazza, S., T. Flynn, D. McDonnell, J. Quigley, F. Samyn, and J. Turley. 2008.

Principles-based accounting standards. Global Public Policy Symposium

Report.

Ernstberger, J., M. Stich, and O. Vogler. 2012. Economic consequences of

accounting enforcement reforms: the case of Germany. European accounting

review 21(2): 217-251.

Fรฉdรฉration des Experts Comptables Europรฉens. 2002. Discussion paper on

enforcement of IFRS with Europe.

Financial Accounting Standards Board. 2003. Principles-based approach to U.S.

standard setting (File Reference No. 1125-001).

Financial Supervisory Service. 2017. Accounting Review Operation Plan for 2017.

Financial Supervisory Service. 2018. Accounting Review Operation Plan for 2018.

Gray, S. J., K. Nagata, M. Nakamura, and C. Ozu. 2019. Voluntary Adoption of

IFRS: What Motivates Japanese Firms to Voluntarily Adopt IFRS? available at:

https://ssrn.com/abstract=3364253.

Han, J. 2018. Problems of and improvement directions for review systems under

IFRS. The 3rd Auditor Workshop.

Page 59: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

Reference 59

Han, J., E. Kim, J. J. Park, M. Song, Y. Lee, S. Cho, and S. Han. 2020.

Principles-Based Accounting: We must strike flint to start fire. ShinYoung

Publishing Company.

Jung, T. 2013. Adoption of IFRS and earnings management. Korean Accounting

Journal 22(1): 327-348.

Lee, C. 2018. Suggestions for the improvement of the accounting review procedures

and authoritative guidelines in the era of IFRS. Monthly Certified Public

Accountant 305: 44-49.

Lee, J., and Y. Lee. 2018. Financial statement reviews for the advancement of the

accounting review system and improvement methods for the review system

for external auditors. Korea Institute of Certified Public Accountants Research

Report.

Kim, G. 2014. The association between K-IFRS adoption and earnings management:

Focusing on external auditor size. Study on Accounting, Taxation & Auditing

56(1): 117-146.

Kim, J., and H. Shi. 2012. Voluntary IFRS adoption, analyst coverage, and

information quality: International evidence. Journal of International Accounting

Research 11(1): 45-76.

Lang, M., M. Maffett, and E. Owens. 2010. Earnings Comovement and Accounting

Comparability: the Effects of Mandatory IFRS Adoption. Working paper. The

University of North Carolina, The University of Chicago and University of

Rochester.

McEnroe, J. E., and M. Sullivan. 2013. An examination of the perceptions of auditors

and chief financial officers regarding principles versus rules based accounting

standards. Research in Accounting Regulation 25(2): 196-207.

Schipper, K. 2003. Principles-based accounting standards. Accounting Horizons

17(1): 61-72.

SEC. 2004. Study pursuant to Section 108(d) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

on the adoption by the United States financial reporting system of a

principles-based accounting system.

Seo, W. 2009. The meaning of the adoption of the principles-based IFRS. Report

submitted for the Symposium on the Accounting Supervision Direction for IFRS.

Page 60: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG
Page 61: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ถ€๋”ชํ˜€์•ผ ๋น›์„ ๋‚ธ๋‹ค

ํ•œ๊ตญํšŒ๊ณ„ํ•™ํšŒ ํ•œ์ข…์ˆ˜ (๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ €์ž)

๊น€์‘๊ธธ

๋ฐ•์ข…์„ฑ

์†ก๋ฏผ์„ญ

์ด์˜ํ•œ

์กฐ์„ฑํ‘œ

ํ•œ์Šน์ˆ˜

Page 62: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

The appended material in Korean is a summary of the original version of โ€œPrinciple-based

Accounting: We must strike flint to start fireโ€ issued by the Korean Accounting Association

in May 2020.

It is attached hereto to assist readers in understanding the English summary of the report.

์ฒจ๋ถ€๋œ ๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญํšŒ๊ณ„ํ•™ํšŒ๊ฐ€ 2020๋…„ 5์›” ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„ํ•œใ€Œ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„: ๋ถ€๋”ชํ˜€์•ผ ๋น›์„ ๋‚ธ

๋‹คใ€๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฌธ ์š”์•ฝ์˜ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒจ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Page 63: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

๋ชฉ ์ฐจ

Prologue โˆ™ 65

Chapter 1 ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๊ฐœ๋… ์ถ”๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ โˆ™ 69

1-1 ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ฒด๊ณ„์™€ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ๋„์ž… / 69

1-2 ํ•œ๊ตญ์ด ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ธ IFRS๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ ์ด์œ  / 72

1-3 ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ์ค‘์‹ฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์ ์šฉ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  / 76

Chapter 2 ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์ ์šฉ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ๋“ค(Issues) โˆ™ 81

2-1 ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์ž‘์„ฑ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ๋“ค: ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์˜ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๋น„์šฉ ์ฆ๋Œ€ / 82

2-2 ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ๋“ค: ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ณผ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ / 84

2-3 ๊ฐ๋…๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ๋“ค: ์‚ฌํ›„๊ฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์™€ ํ•ด์„ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์šฐ๋ ค / 86

Chapter 3 ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ํ•ด๋ฒ• ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ โˆ™ 89

3-1 ๊ธฐ์—…: ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ •๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ์ง€์†ํ•˜๋ผ / 90

3-2 ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ: ์ธ์ ์ž์›์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ •๋น„ํ•˜๋ผ / 94

3-3 ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€: ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๋…ํ•˜๋ผ / 96

3-4 ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์ •์ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด / 101

Epilogue โˆ™ 105

Page 64: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG
Page 65: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

Prologue 65

Prologue

ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ 2005๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ IFRS ๋„์ž…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐ€

์ง€ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. (1) ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜

์—ฌ Korea Discount๋ฅผ ํ•ด์†Œ, (2) ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜ ์ด์ค‘์  ๋ถ€

๋‹ด์„ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ, (3) ๊ตญ์ œ ์ž๋ณธ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ž๊ธˆ ์กฐ๋‹ฌ์„ ์›ํ™œํ™”, (4) ๊ตญ

๋‚ด ์ž๋ณธ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๊ตญ์ œํ™”์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„, (5) ๊ตญ

๋‚ด ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์™ธ๊ตญ ์ง„์ถœ๊ณผ ์™ธ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ง„์ถœ์„ ์ด‰์ง„. ํŠนํžˆ, ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„

๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ

์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •์ฑ…๋‹น๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” 2007๋…„์— IFRS ๋„์ž… ๋กœ๋“œ๋งต์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์—…์ด IFRS๋ฅผ

2009๋…„ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—ฐ๋„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2011๋…„ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—ฐ๋„๋ถ€

ํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ์žฅ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์˜๋ฌด๋„์ž…ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ 2020๋…„ ํ˜„์žฌ ์•ฝ 5,060์—ฌ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค

์ด IFRS๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ IFRS ๋„์ž…์€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ์„ฑ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ค‘

์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ด๋‹ค. IFRS ๋„์ž… ์ด์ „ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ์„ฑ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•(code law system)์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ

๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, IFRS๋Š” ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ํ•œ

๊ตญ ๋ฒ•์ฒด๊ณ„์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ common law system์„ ์ทจํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ์„ฑ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๋ฒ•

์ฒด๊ณ„์—์„œ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋„์ž…ยท์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ IFRS ๋„์ž…์—

์žˆ์–ด์„œ Conversion approach๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ Big Bang approach๋ฅผ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,

๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ 2011๋…„ 1์›” 1์ผ์— IFRS๋กœ ์ „๋ฉด ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜

IFRS ๋„์ž…์€ 2007๋…„ IFRS ๋„์ž… ๋กœ๋“œ๋งต ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ 2011๋…„ ์˜๋ฌด๋„์ž…๊นŒ์ง€ 4๋…„๋ฐ–์— ๊ฑธ

Page 66: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

66 ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„

๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋งŒํผ ์งง์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ IFRS ๋„์ž…์€ ์ •๋ถ€

์ฃผ๋„๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค.

์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด, ๋…ํŠนํ•œ

(unique)ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ถ€ ์ฃผ๋„๋กœ IFRS๋ฅผ ์ „๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ

์€ IFRS๋ผ๋Š” ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ์งง์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋„์ž…๋˜๊ณ  ์ •์ฐฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํฐ ์—ญํ• 

์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์งง์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ์ •๋ถ€ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ IFRS์˜ ์ „๋ฉด์ 

๋„์ž…์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์—…, ํˆฌ์ž์ž, ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ, ๊ทœ์ œ๋‹น๊ตญ์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ

ํ—˜ ์—†์ด ์ „๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธ‰์†ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ,

์„ฑ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ ์šฉํ•ด ์˜จ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์งง์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์—

์ด์ œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ

IFRS ๋„์ž… ์ดํ›„ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ(issues)๋“ค์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋„ ๋‹น

์—ฐํ•˜๋‹ค ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ธฐ์—…, ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ, ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด IFRS ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜์—ฌ

IFRS ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ๋ชจํ˜ธ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๋Œ€์šฐ์กฐ์„ ํ•ด์–‘๊ณผ ์‚ผ์„ฑ๋ฐ”์ด

์˜ค๋กœ์ง์Šค ๋“ฑ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตญ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ๋‚ด๋†“๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ

๊ตญ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์Šค์œ„์Šค ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฝ์˜๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋Œ€ํ•™

์›(IMD)์ด ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ โ€˜ํšŒ๊ณ„ยท๊ฐ์‚ฌ ์‹ค๋ฌด์ ์ •์„ฑโ€™ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์—์„œ,

ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ 2013๏ฝž2018๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ 63๊ฐœ๊ตญ ์ค‘ ์ตœํ•˜์œ„์ธ 58๏ฝž63์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋†’์€

ํ’ˆ์งˆ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๋Š” IFRS๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…, ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ, ๊ทœ์ œ๋‹น๊ตญ ์‚ฌ์ด

์— ์˜๊ฒฌ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, IFRS ๋„์ž…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด

ํšŒ์˜์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ๋„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

IFRS ๋„์ž…๊ณผ ์ ์šฉ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๋Š” issues๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ, ํ•œ๊ตญํšŒ๊ณ„ํ•™ํšŒ

๋Š” ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ  ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค

์ด ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆœ

ํžˆ, ๊ธฐ์กด ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ IFRS ๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ, ๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์›์น™์ค‘

์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ผ๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ์žฅ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด IFRS ์ ์šฉ์— ์–ด

Page 67: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

Prologue 67

๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์‹œ์žฅ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„

์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ

์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ด์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์กฐํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ฒซ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญํšŒ๊ณ„ํ•™ํšŒ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ , ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„

๋„์ž… ์ดํ›„ ๊ธฐ์—…, ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ, ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ถฉ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด

162๊ฐœ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—… ๋ฐ ์ค‘๊ฒฌ-์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—… ํšŒ๊ณ„๋‹ด๋‹น์ž์™€ ๊ณต์ธํšŒ๊ณ„์‚ฌ 188๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค

์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์—… ํšŒ๊ณ„๋‹ด๋‹น์ž, ๊ธฐ์—… ํšŒ๊ณ„์ž„์›, ์†Œ์œ„ โ€˜Big 4โ€™๋กœ ์ผ์ปซ๋Š” 4๊ฐœ

๋Œ€ํ˜• ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฒ•์ธ ๋ฐ ์ค‘์†Œํ˜• ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฒ•์ธ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ ๋“ฑ ์ตœ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„๋“ค์„ ๋ฉด๋‹ดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ฆ๊ถŒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์œ„์›ํšŒ(SEC, Securities and Exchange Commission), ์˜๊ตญ ์žฌ๋ฌด

๋ณด๊ณ ์œ„์›ํšŒ(FRC, Financial Reporting Council), ๋…์ผ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์œ„์›ํšŒ(DRSC,

Deutsche Rechnungslegungs Standards Committee)์™€ ์žฌ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ณ ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ์œ„์›ํšŒ(DPR, Die

Deutsche Prรผfstelle fรผr Rechnungslegung), ๊ธˆ์œต๊ฐ๋…์ฒญ(BaFin, Bundesanstalt fรผr

Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht) ๋“ฑ ํ•ด์™ธ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์ œ์ •๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€, ๋”

๋ถˆ์–ด PwC, KPMG ๋“ฑ ํ˜„์ง€ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฒ•์ธ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋จผ

์ € ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์ž์„ธํžˆ

์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญํšŒ๊ณ„ํ•™ํšŒ๋Š” 2018๋…„ ๊ฐ€์„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1๋…„๊ฐ„ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„

๊ธฐ์ค€ ๊ตฌํ˜„๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์„ธ๋ฏธ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2018๋…„ 11์›”์— ์—ด๋ฆฐ ์ œ1์ฐจ ์„ธ

๋ฏธ๋‚˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์™€ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ๋…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ, ์ œ2์ฐจ ์„ธ๋ฏธ๋‚˜(2019.1.)์—์„œ๋Š”

ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ์‚ฌ, ์ œ3์ฐจ ์„ธ๋ฏธ๋‚˜(2019.3.)์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ, ์ œ4์ฐจ ์„ธ๋ฏธ๋‚˜(2019.4.)

์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ•์ ์ด์Šˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , 2019๋…„ 5์›”์—๋Š” ์ œ5์ฐจ ์„ธ๋ฏธ๋‚˜๋ฅผ

๊ตญํšŒ์—์„œ ์—ด์–ด ๋„ค ์ฐจ๋ก€ ๋…ผ์˜ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ํ† ๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ•œ๊ตญํšŒ๊ณ„ํ•™ํšŒ์˜ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€, ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฒ•์ธ, ๋ฒ•๋ฌด๋ฒ•

์ธ, ๊ธฐ์—… ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์ด ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•จ๊ป˜

๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ชจ์•„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Page 68: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

68 ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„

๋ณธ ์š”์•ฝ์€ ์ฑ…์ž์—์„œ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญํšŒ๊ณ„ํ•™ํšŒ์˜ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด์™€ ์ ์šฉ

๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ฒช์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์‹œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ด IFRS๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฒช

์—ˆ๋˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์š”์•ฝ์ด ํ•ด์™ธ๋…์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ

ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฑ…์ž์—์„œ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•ด์™ธ์—์„œ

ํ•œ๊ตญ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ๋งŒํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์„ ๋ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์š”์•ฝ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ1์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ

ํšŒ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ œ2์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์ด ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฒช์—ˆ

๋˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ๋“ค์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ3์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜

์—ฌ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ด ์ทจํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฑ…์ž์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋˜ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œ

ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ Epilogue์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.

Page 69: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๊ฐœ๋… ์ถ”๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ 69

ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ IFRS์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ž€์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ฒด๊ณ„์™€

IFRS ํŠน์„ฑ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์žฅ์—

์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๋ฒ•์ฒด๊ณ„, ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์™€ IFRS์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 

์„ฑ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ฒด๊ณ„์—์„œ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.

1-1 ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ฒด๊ณ„์™€ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ๋„์ž…

ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ฒด๊ณ„์—์„œ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ํŠน์ง•์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ํšŒ

๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด๋ฒ•๊ทœ์ธ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ

๋กœ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ธ IFRS๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•๊ทœ์ธ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ํ•ด์™ธ

๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์ธ IASB๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์„ฑ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ฒ•์ฒด๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ถˆ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์˜ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ

ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์›ํ™”๋œ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๋ฒ•์  ์ฒด๊ณ„

ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ์„ฑ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ 

1Chapter

์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๊ฐœ๋… ์ถ”๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ

Page 70: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

70 ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„

์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€๋„ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, โ€˜์ƒ๋ฒ•โ€™๊ณผ โ€˜์ฃผ์‹ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€

๊ฐ์‚ฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ (์•ฝ์นญ ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•)โ€™์—์„œ ์ •ํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ž‘

์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ K-IFRS, ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์—…ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€(K-GAAP),

์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ•๊ทœ์— ์˜ํ•ด, ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ƒ์žฅ๊ธฐ์—…(์œ ๊ฐ€์ฆ๊ถŒ์‹œ์žฅ ๋ฐ

์ฝ”์Šค๋‹ฅ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ƒ์žฅ๋œ ๊ธฐ์—…)๊ณผ ๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ K-IFRS๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฌด ์ ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋น„์ƒ์žฅ๊ธฐ

์—…์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•* ์ ์šฉ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ธฐ์—…์€ K-IFRS๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ข€ ๋”

๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์—…ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ์ ์šฉ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ ์šฉ

์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋น„๊ต์  ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์€ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜์–ด ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…ํšŒ

๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์—…ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ ์šฉ๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ธฐ์—…

๋“ค๋„ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ IFRS๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ์ ์šฉ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์—ฐํ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด [๋„ํ‘œ 1]๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

[๋„ํ‘œ 1] ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€

๊ตฌ ๋ถ„ 2008๋…„ ์ด์ „ 2009โˆผ2010๋…„ 2011โˆผ2012๋…„ 2013๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ๋น„ ๊ณ 

์กฐ๊ธฐ

๋„์ž…๊ธฐ์—… K-IFRS

์‚ผ์„ฑ, LG ๋“ฑ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—…

๋ฐ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…

์ƒ์žฅ๊ธฐ์—… ๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ด€ ํฌํ•จ

์ค‘๊ฒฌ

๋น„์ƒ์žฅ๊ธฐ์—…

ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์—…ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€

(K-GAAP)์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์—…ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€

๋น„์ƒ์žฅ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—…

๋ฐ ์ค‘๊ฒฌ๊ธฐ์—… ๋“ฑ

์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—… โ€ป ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Œ. ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€

ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ IFRS ์ œ์ • ์ ˆ์ฐจ

๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ K-IFRS๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ฒ•๊ทœ์ด๋‹ค. ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด

์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ IFRS๋ฅผ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,

๊ธˆ์œต์œ„์›ํšŒ๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํ•œ๊ตญํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์›(KASB)์— ์œ„ํƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์—

๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ K-IFRS๋ผ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ฒ•๊ทœ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์™ธ์˜ IASB๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ

๋‚˜๋ผ ๋ฒ•๊ทœ๋ฅผ ๊ตญ์™ธ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ์ œ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์›ํ™”๋œ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

* ํ•œ๊ตญ์—๋Š” โ€œ์ฃผ์‹ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ (์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•)โ€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ์ •ํ•œ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ

์š”๊ฑด์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์˜๋ฌด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Page 71: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๊ฐœ๋… ์ถ”๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ 71

ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ IFRS ๊ธฐ์ค€์„œ ๊ฐœ์ • ๋ฐ ์ œ์ • ๊ณผ์ •์€ [๋„ํ‘œ 2]์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณผ์ •์œผ

๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ณผ์ •์€ IASB๊ฐ€ IFRS๋ฅผ ์ œ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋กœ [๋„ํ‘œ 2]

์˜ ์™ผ์ชฝ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ IFRS๋ฅผ ์ „๋ฉด ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, IASB๊ฐ€ IFRS๋ฅผ ์ œ์ •

ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ด ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ œ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค. KASB๋Š” IASB๊ฐ€

์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ œ์ •๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ œ์ • ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์ •๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ ๊ทน

์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ดํ•ด๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•

์œผ๋กœ IASB์— ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ œ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ์ œ์ • ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์ • ์ ˆ์ฐจ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌ

ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

[๋„ํ‘œ 2] ๊ตญ์ œํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ฑ„ํƒ๊ตญ์ œํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ œ์ • ์ ˆ์ฐจ

๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ณผ์ •์€ [๋„ํ‘œ 2]์˜ ์šฐ์ธก ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ IASB๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ •ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํšŒ๊ณ„

๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ณตํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ์ ˆ์ฐจ์ด๋‹ค. IASB์—์„œ ์ œ์ •ํ•œ IFRS๋ฅผ ํ•œ๊ตญํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์›(KAI)์—

์„œ ํ•œ๊ธ€๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ดˆ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜๊ฒฌ์ˆ˜๋ ด๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์„œ ์ตœ์ข…์•ˆ์ด ์ž‘์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ ํ›„ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์œ„์›ํšŒ(KASB)์˜ ์˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ธˆ์œต์œ„์›ํšŒ์˜ ์Šน์ธ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ๊ณตํ‘œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ

ํšจ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ K-IFRS๋ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. KASB์˜ ์˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ธˆ์œต์œ„์›ํšŒ์˜ ์Šน์ธ์„ ๊ฑฐ

์ณ ๊ณตํ‘œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ฒ•๊ทœ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํšจ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†๋‹ค.

์˜๊ฒฌ์ˆ˜๋ ด ๋ฐ ์ œ์‹œ

์˜๊ฒฌ์ˆ˜๋ ด ๋ฐ ์ œ์‹œ

๊ตญ์ œํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ œ์ • ์ ˆ์ฐจ

IASB์˜์ œ์„ค์ •

์˜๊ฒฌ์ˆ˜๋ ด

์˜๊ฒฌ์ˆ˜๋ ด

ํ† ๋ก ์„œ

๊ธฐ์ค€์„œ

๊ณต๊ฐœ์ดˆ์•ˆ

ํ† ๋ก ์„œ

๊ณต๊ฐœ์ดˆ์•ˆ

๊ธฐ์ค€์„œ

ํ•œ๊ตญ์ฑ„ํƒ๊ตญ์ œํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ œ์ • ์ ˆ์ฐจ

ํ•œ๊ตญํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์œ„์›ํšŒ

๊ธˆ์œต์œ„์›ํšŒ๊ณตํ‘œ ๋ฐ ์ฑ„ํƒ

์ค€๋น„๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

์˜๋ฌด์ ์šฉ

Page 72: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

72 ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„

ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ IFRS๋ฅผ ์ „๋ฉด๋„์ž…(full adoption)ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 2020๋…„ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” IASB๊ฐ€

๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” IFRS๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ • ์—†์ด ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜์—ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ,

ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•๊ทœ์—์„œ ๋ณ„๋„๋กœ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, IFRS๊ฐ€ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”

๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์ธ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค(์˜ˆ, ์˜์—…์ด์ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต์‹œ ์š”๊ตฌ).

1-2 ํ•œ๊ตญ์ด ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ธ IFRS๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ ์ด์œ 

ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ์„ฑ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ IFRS๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์‚ฌ

์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ์žฅ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์•„์ง๋„ ๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์—…ํšŒ

๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

2007๋…„ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ด IFRS ๋„์ž…์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ๋•Œ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ผ์˜์™€ ์šฐ๋ ค

๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—

๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์•„์ง๋„

ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•๊ทœ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์„ฑ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”

๋ฐ์—๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์ธ IFRS๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋น„ํ•˜

์—ฌ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜

์žฅ์ ๊ณผ ๋‹จ์ ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ์–ด๋–ค ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜

๊ณ  ํ•œ๊ตญ์ด ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์ธ IFRS์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ

์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ๋‹ค.

์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ์žฅ์ : ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์‹ค์งˆ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„

๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์ œ์ •๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€, ํ•ด์„, ์‹ค๋ฌด์ง€์นจ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ œ

๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ์™ธ๊ด€์ƒ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ์—…

๋“ค์ด ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทœ์ œ๋‹น๊ตญ๋„ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค

์ด ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋งŒ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋ฉด ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œ

Page 73: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๊ฐœ๋… ์ถ”๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ 73

ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ๋…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‰ฌ์›Œ์ง„๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์†๋ชจ์Šต์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์‹ค์งˆ์€ ์„œ๋กœ

๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์˜ ์‹ค์งˆ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๊ทœ์น™

์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š”

๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์žฌ๋ฌดํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” โ€œ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ์—… ์ž์‹ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๊ธฐ์—…

์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ๋งž๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด๋‹คโ€๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ

๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํ™œ๋™์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ

์ค€์ด๋‹ค.

๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํ™œ๋™์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์„ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ด์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์˜ ์ „

๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์  ํŒ๋‹จ(professional judgment)์„ ์ค‘์š”์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ ๋…์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ

ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™ ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ฐœ๋…์ฒด๊ณ„(conceptual framework)์— ๊ธฐ

๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘” ํšŒ๊ณ„์›์น™(accounting principles)์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค(SEC, 2004; Schipper, 2003).

๊ธฐ์—… ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ํŒ

๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‚˜ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ

์–‘์  ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.

โ€ข ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ณตํ•™์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜

๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ณตํ•™(Accounting engineering)์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋‚ดํฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ

ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์ž‘์„ฑ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ทœ์ •์„ ์šฐ

ํšŒํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ์–ป์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ณตํ•™์€

๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์˜๋„์  ํšŒ๊ณ„์กฐ์ž‘์ž„์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์‹ํšŒ๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด

๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ์›์น™์ด ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ

์— ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์™œ๊ณก๋œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๊ด€๋œ ๊ฐœ๋…์ฒด๊ณ„์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„“

Page 74: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

74 ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„

์€ ์˜์—ญ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ •์˜๋œ ๊ธฐ์ค€๋งŒ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œ

ํ‘œ ์ž‘์„ฑ์ฑ…์ž„์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ํŒ๋‹จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์›

์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์ž‘์„ฑ์ž๋“ค์€ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์›์น™๊ณผ

ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž‘์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฌด์ •๋ณด์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•œ๋‹ค.

โ€ข ๊ทœ์น™์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ™” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ

๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚ ์ˆ˜๋ก ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•ด์ ธ ์ ์šฉํ•˜

๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ์‹œ์™€ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€

์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์— ์—†๋˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋ฉด, ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์™€ ์œ 

์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ๋„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์‹ค์งˆ์„ ๋‹ค

๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด์„๊ณผ ์ง€

์นจ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

ํ•ด์„๊ณผ ์ง€์นจ์ด ๋งŽ์•„์ง€๋ฉด ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ํ•ด์„,

์ง€์นจ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ ์  ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ์ง€์นจ์€ ๊ฐˆ

์ˆ˜๋ก ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹ค๋ฌด ์ ์šฉ์€ ๋”์šฑ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์ง„๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚ ์ˆ˜

๋ก, ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์€ ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์ถœํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทœ์น™

์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค.

๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ทœ์ •์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ

๋ผ์ธ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ๊ทœ์ •์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€

๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ทน์†Œ์ˆ˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š”

๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋“œ๋ฌผ๋‹ค.

โ€ข ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘

๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค๋‹ค. ๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„

๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ธฐ์ค€ยทํ•ด

์„ยท์ง€์นจ์„ ์ ์‹œ์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค์–ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์— ํƒ„๋ ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค

๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„œ ๋“ฑ์— ์ œ์‹œ๋˜

Page 75: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๊ฐœ๋… ์ถ”๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ 75

์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ ์‹œ์— ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์›์น™์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹œ์žฅ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ

๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ

ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๊ทœ์ •์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜

๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ์‹œ์— ์ ์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

โ€ข ๋น„๊ต๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ

๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์ž๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋งž๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๊ตฌ์ฒด

์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์ •ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ณ„ ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ œ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ฒ•์ฒด๊ณ„์™€ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜

์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ์›์น™์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์›

์น™์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„ ๋น„๊ต๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„

๊ฐœ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฃ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ

๋˜๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด๋‹ค(Cascino and Gassen, 2010).

์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ๋‹จ์ : ๋งŽ์€ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰๊ถŒ์˜ ํ—ˆ๋ฝ

์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์ž‘์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ํ‘œ์‹œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ ์„ธ

๋ถ€์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์˜ ์‹ค์ •์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”

์žฌ๋Ÿ‰๊ถŒ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์‹ค์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜

๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‚จ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜

์žˆ๋‹ค.

โ€ข ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ด์ต์กฐ์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ

๊ธฐ์—…์€ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰๊ถŒ์„ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ํšŒ๊ณ„์ด์ต์กฐ์ •์— ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์›์น™

์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ณตํ•™์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋“ ์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ

์ด๋‹ค. EU ์†Œ์† 11๊ฐœ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ 1,408๊ฐœ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค, ์Šค

Page 76: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

76 ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„

ํŽ˜์ธ, ์˜๊ตญ์€ IFRS ๋„์ž… ํ›„ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ด์ต์กฐ์ •์˜ ํญ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜

์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค(Callao and Jarne, 2010).

ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, 2011๋…„ ๋„์ž…๋œ K-IFRS๋Š” ์˜์—…์ด์ต ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜

์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 2009๋…„ K-IFRS๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—… ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ตœ๊ทผ 3๋…„ ์ด

์ƒ ์ ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์˜์—…์†์ต ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์— ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์  ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”

K-IFRS๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜์—…์†์ต์„ ํ‘์ž๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์ฝ”์Šค

๋‹ฅ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‡ด์ถœ๋  ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์Šค๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ฉดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ์ž์˜์  ์˜์—…์ด์ต ์‚ฐ

์ถœ์˜ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ž€์„ ์ด‰๋ฐœํ–ˆ๋‹ค(์กฐ์„ฑํ‘œ ๋“ฑ, 2013).

โ€ข ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ์•ฝํ™”๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ

์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์ด ๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ณด๋‹ค ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์˜

ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋™์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค(Braun et al., 2015).

์ด๋Š” ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‹Œ ๋ชจํ˜ธ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์ด ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ์— ๋” ์‰ฝ

๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋“๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ Fortune 1000 ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ CFO์™€ ๊ฐ

์‚ฌ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์™€ ๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์ค‘ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ

๋” ์ข‹์€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜์ž ๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋‚ซ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹ต๋ณ€์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค

(McEnroe and Sullivan, 2013).

1-3 ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ์ค‘์‹ฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์ ์šฉ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ 

์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ์žฅ์ ๊ณผ ์ ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋‹จ์ ์ด ๊ณต์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ

ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ์„ฑ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ทœ์ œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ๋•Œ์ด

๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ–‰์ •์ด ๊ทœ์ œ์™€ ๊ทœ์น™ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ

์—์„œ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€๋งŒ์ด ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ์šด์šฉ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฒ•๊ทœ์™€์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ์ด

๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค.

Page 77: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๊ฐœ๋… ์ถ”๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ 77

์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ์ธ K-IFRS์™€ ๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์ƒ์œ„๋ฒ•

์šฐ์„  ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฒ•๊ทœ์˜ ์›์น™๊ณผ ์ด๋ณด๋‹ค ์ƒ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์ด ์ง€๋‹Œ ์›์น™

์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋Œํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ์ƒ์œ„๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฒ•, ์™ธ๋ถ€

๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•, ์ž๋ณธ์‹œ์žฅ๋ฒ•, ๊ธˆ์œต๊ฐ๋…๊ทœ์ • ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, K-IFRS๋Š” ์œ„์ž„๊ทœ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฒ•

์›(ๆณ•ๆบ)์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์ธ K-IFRS์™€ ์ƒ์œ„๋ฒ• ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ฆ‰, ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ทœ์ •์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ƒ์œ„๋ฒ•์€ ๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์„ฑ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์—

๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ํŒ๋‹จ๊ณผ ์ž์œจ์„ ์œ„์ž„ํ•˜๋Š” K-IFRS๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์œ„๋ฒ•์—์„œ

๋„ ์ธ์ •๋  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฑ์ •์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„

๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์šฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ ์ •ํ•œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ

๊ฑฐ์ณ์„œ ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ธ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ ์ •ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ธ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ

์ค€์˜ ์ƒ์œ„๋ฒ•์—์„œ๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฒ•

์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ฒด๊ณ„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ ์ •ํ•œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด

๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ์„ฑ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ธ ์ƒ์œ„๋ฒ•์—์„œ ์กด์ค‘๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜

๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋„ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ์ง€์นจ

์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ, ๊ทœ์ •์˜ ์ƒ์„ธํ•ด์„ค์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ์—… ์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ทœ์ •์„

์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋ ์ง€ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค.

์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ๋‚˜์—ดํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ ์ฒดํฌํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” โ€˜box-

tickingโ€™ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ํšŒํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์„ธ์„ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊นŒ์ง€

ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ ๋”ฐ์ง€๋Š” ๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ฃผ์˜์  ํ˜•์‹์ฃผ์˜์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฑ์ • ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ฐ

๊ณผ ํ”ผ๋กœ๊ฐ์ด ์ฆํญ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ์ค„์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ

์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”ผ๊ทœ์ œ์ž์ธ ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๋ณธ์—ฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ธ ๊ฐ€์น˜์ฐฝ์ถœํ™œ๋™๋ณด๋‹ค ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š”

๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์†Œ๋ชจ์ ์ธ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ทœ์ œ๋‹น๊ตญ์ธ ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ ์œ„๋ฐ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŒ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋ช…

Page 78: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

78 ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„

ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒ๋‹จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ

์กด์—๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™์— ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋งŒ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด ๋์œผ๋‚˜ ์›์น™์ค‘

์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์‹ค์งˆ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด

ํŒ๋‹จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์‹ค์งˆ ๋ฐ˜์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง„์‹ค ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€

ํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰๊ถŒ

์„ ๋‚จ์šฉํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋”์šฑ

์ค‘์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ

์ด ๋”์šฑ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋œ ๊ฐ๋…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ

๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, IFRS์˜ ๋„์ž…์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์ถ•์†Œ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฐ

๋…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ํ™•๋Œ€ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋จผ์ €, ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ ํ……์ด(regulatory creep)์— ์ž์ฃผ ๋น ์ ธ๋ฒ„๋ฆด

๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ทœ์ •์ด ์—†๊ณ 

๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ํŒ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ํ™•์žฅ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ

๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทœ์ œ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค€์ˆ˜๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํšŒ

๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ ˆ์ฐจ, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์˜๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ํ™•๋Œ€๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌํ›„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘” ๊ทœ์ œ(hindsight-driven enforcement)์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„ ๊ทœ์ œ

ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ ์šฉ๋  ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ

์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ์ ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘๋Š”

ํŒ๋‹จ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌํ›„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž์˜ ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ

๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ณผ์ •์€ ํŒŒ์•…์ด ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ

๋‹จํ•  ๊ฐœ์—ฐ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค.

์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํ•œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ ์ถ”์ • ๋‹น์‹œ์˜

์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•ด ์ถ”์ •์„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ํšŒ๊ณ„

์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ดํ›„ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ถ”์ •ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ž

Page 79: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๊ฐœ๋… ์ถ”๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ 79

๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ์ ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์˜๊ฑฐํ•ด์„œ ์ถ”์ •์˜

์ ์ •์„ฑ์„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ถ”์ •๊ณผ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋งŒ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ

๋กœ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์„ ๊ทœ์ œํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํ›„ ํŒ๋‹จ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘” ๊ทœ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค.

์„ฑ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ทœ์ œํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€

์˜ ์œ„๋ฐ˜์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ์œ„๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ํˆฌ์ž

์ž์™€ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ž ๋“ฑ์ด ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„

๋Š” ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์›์น™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜

๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ์— ์–ฝ๋งค์ธ ํ•ด์„์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์˜์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ๋Š”

์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ๊ฐœ์ •๊ณผ ํšŒ๊ณ„ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”*

ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” K-IFRS๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ์›ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด ํ’ˆ์งˆ์ด ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๋˜์ง€

์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ผ์„ฑ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋กœ์ง์Šค, ๋Œ€์šฐ์กฐ์„ ํ•ด์–‘ ๋“ฑ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ํฐ ์ƒ์žฅ๊ธฐ์—…

๋“ค์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์ ์ ˆ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ

์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์ด ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„

๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด์˜ ์งˆ์  ๊ฐœ์„ ์„

๋„๋ชจํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 2018๋…„ ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœํŽธํ•˜

์˜€๋‹ค.

ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ์ ์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฐœ์ • ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ

์งธ, ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ โ€˜์ฃผ๊ธฐ์  ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ ์ง€์ •์ œโ€™๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ

๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์„ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ž์œ ์„ ์ž„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ

์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ž์œ ์ˆ˜์ž„์ œ๋Š” ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ง€๋‚˜์นœ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๊ณผ ์ €๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ž„์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ

๊ฐ์‚ฌํ’ˆ์งˆ์˜ ์ €ํ•˜, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์›์ธ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ

๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 2019๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์„ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋„

* ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ 2018๋…„์— ๊ธฐ์—… ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด์˜ ์งˆ์  ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ๋„๋ชจํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์„ ๋Œ€๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ •

ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ๊ฐœ์ •์€ ํšŒ๊ณ„ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ๊ฐœ์ •์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€

์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Page 80: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

80 ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„

์ž…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์  ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ ์ง€์ •์ œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์ƒ์žฅ๋ฒ•์ธ์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์„ 6

๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ž์œ ์„ ์ž„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ดํ›„ 3๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ธˆ์œต๊ฐ๋…์›์ด ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์„ ์ง€์ •

ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋‘˜์งธ, ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์ž‘์„ฑ ์‹คํŒจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ๊ทœ์ •์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€

๋‹ค. ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ฒ•๊ทœ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ธ ์„ฑ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ธ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์–‘ํ˜•๊ธฐ์ค€์ด๋ผ๋Š”

์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ์˜ํ•ด ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ์„ ํ•ด์™”๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์ • ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์€

๋ถ„์‹ ๋ฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ค๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ตœ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ๊ทœ์ •์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•ํ™”

ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๋‚˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์ด ๊ฑฐ์ง“์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ž‘

์„ฑํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, 10๋…„ ์ดํ•˜์˜ ์ง•์—ญ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ ์œ„๋ฐ˜๊ธˆ์•ก์ด ์ž์‚ฐ์ด์•ก์˜ 1/10

์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ธฐ์ง•์—ญ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๊ณ ์˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณผ์‹ค

๋กœ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์œ„๋ฐ˜๊ธˆ์•ก์˜ 20%๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ๊ณผ์ง•๊ธˆ

์„ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ๊ฐœ์ •์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์ž‘์„ฑ ์ฑ…์ž„๊ณผ ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์„ฑ

์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•œ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์ž‘์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์™ธ

๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ ์‹คํŒจ ์œ„ํ—˜์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…, ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ, ๊ฐ๋…๋‹น๊ตญ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ, ์ „์ž„๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ๊ณผ ํ›„

์ž„๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ๋“ฑ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ

๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์•ž์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ฒด๊ณ„ํ•˜์—์„œ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ์šด์šฉ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌ

ํ•œ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ๋”์šฑ ์ฆํญ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์›์ธ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์—๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฐœ์ • ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ์ ์šฉ์— ์งยท๊ฐ„์ ‘์œผ

๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Page 81: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์ ์šฉ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ๋“ค(Issues) 81

์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ธ IFRS ๋„์ž… ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ํ•œ๊ตญํšŒ๊ณ„ํ•™ํšŒ๋Š” ์„ค๋ฌธ ๋ฐ

์‹ฌ์ธต ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ IFRS๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‹ค๋ฌด์ž์™€ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์ด ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€์—

๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2018๋…„ 10์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2019๋…„ 3์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด 162๊ฐœ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋‹ด

๋‹น์ž์™€ ์ด 188๋ช…์˜ ๊ณต์ธํšŒ๊ณ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ

์—… ํšŒ๊ณ„๋‹ด๋‹น์ž ๋ฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ž„์›, ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฒ•์ธ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์™€ ์ตœ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„, ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์‹ค ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค,

๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ๋… ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž์™€๋„ ์‹ฌ์ธต ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ค๋ฌธ ๋ฐ ์‹ฌ์ธต ์ธํ„ฐ

๋ทฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์—…, ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ, ๊ฐ๋…๋‹น๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” 2011๋…„

IFRS ๋„์ž… ์ดํ›„ 8๋…„๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ํ›„์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์ผ ์กฐ๊ธฐ

๋„์ž… ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด IFRS๋ฅผ 10๋…„๊ฐ„ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ํ›„์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค.

์•„๋ž˜์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์„ค๋ฌธ ๋ฐ ์‹ฌ์ธต ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ธ IFRS๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉ

ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ธฐ์—…, ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ

๊ตฌ์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ์š”์•ฝํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

2Chapter

์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์ ์šฉ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ๋“ค(Issues)

Page 82: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

82 ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„

2-1 ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์ž‘์„ฑ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ๋“ค: ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์˜ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ

๋น„์šฉ ์ฆ๋Œ€

๋Š˜์–ด๋‚œ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰๊ถŒ, ๋” ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚œ ์‚ฌ์  ์ด์ต ์ถ”๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ

์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ์— ๋ฏธ์นœ ์˜ํ–ฅ

์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ทœ์ •์„ ์ฐพ์•„ ์ ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…

๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰๊ถŒ์„

๋งŽ์ด ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ธ๋ถ€๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๊ทœ์น™(์งˆ์˜ํšŒ์‹  ํฌํ•จ)์œผ๋กœ

์ •ํ•ด์ ธ ์žˆ์–ด ๊ธฐ์—… ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ๋ ฅ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์—ฌ์ง€๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์ด ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๋„์ž…์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚œ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰๊ถŒ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ

์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋” ๋†’์•„์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜

์‹ค๋ฌด๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๋“ค์ด ์ „์ฒด ์‘๋‹ต์ž์˜ 43.6%๋กœ, ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” 6.9%์˜ ๋‹ต๋ณ€๋ณด๋‹ค

6๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ „์ฒด ์‘๋‹ต์ž ์ค‘ 71.3%๊ฐ€ ์›์น™

์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๋„์ž… ์ดํ›„ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์˜ ์ด์ต์กฐ์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

์„ค๋ฌธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์‹ค๋ฌด๋‹ด๋‹น์ž์™€ ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์˜ ์ด์ต์กฐ์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด

๋†’์•„์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ƒ์ถฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€

์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํŠน์ • ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ชฉ์ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด

์—‡์ธ์ง€ ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ชฉ์ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž, ๊ฐ

์‚ฌ์ธ, ๊ฐ๋…๋‹น๊ตญ์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ •๊ณต์‹œ

์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌํ›„์ ์ธ ์˜์‹ฌ(second guess)์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์•„์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ๊ทธ

์ˆ˜์ •์ด ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€, ์ถ”์ •์ด ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๊ฐ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ

์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋กœ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ณผ์‹ค์ธ์ง€ ๊ณ ์˜์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š

๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฅ˜์ˆ˜์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋„ ๋” ๋งŽ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ

Page 83: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์ ์šฉ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ๋“ค(Issues) 83

๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฒ•์  ๋ถ„์Ÿ๋„ ๋งŽ์•„์งˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค.

๊ธฐ์—… ํšŒ๊ณ„๋‹ด๋‹น์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„๊ณผ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ƒ์ถฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ

๋‹ค๋Š” ์‘๋‹ต์ž๊ฐ€ 60.9%์˜€๊ณ , ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ƒ์ถฉ ์—ญ์‹œ 52.6%์˜ ์‘๋‹ต์ž

๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋„ 93.6%์˜ ์‘๋‹ต์ž๊ฐ€

์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๋„์ž…์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž์™€ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ ๊ฐ„ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ถฉ๋Œ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€

ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

์˜๊ฒฌ์ƒ์ถฉ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์ž‘์„ฑ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฐ๋…

๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง€์  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‘๋‹ต์ด 55.8%, ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ค๋ฅ˜ ์ง€์ 

๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‘๋‹ต์ด 64.5%๋กœ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ž๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์ฃผ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์†Œ์†ก

์ œ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๊ฒฌ๋„ 38%๋‚˜ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ, ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ธ์‹

์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์  ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ์ค‘์š”์‹œํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์—

๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค๋ฌด์ž, ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ, ๊ฐ๋…๋‹น๊ตญ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ, ํˆฌ์ž…๋…ธ๋ ฅ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…

์˜ ์‹ค๋ฌด๋‹ด๋‹น์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๋„์ž… ์ดํ›„ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ์ด

์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹ต๋ณ€์€ 31.8%๋กœ, ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” 21.2%์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์›

์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๋„์ž… ์ดํ›„ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์˜ ํˆฌ์ž…๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹ต๋ณ€(32.5%)์ด ๊ฐ์†Œ

ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹ต๋ณ€(25.8%)๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค.

๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๊ฒฌ(27.2%)์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๊ฒฌ

(21.8%)๋ณด๋‹ค ์†Œํญ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๋… ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ์—ญ์‹œ

์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๋„์ž…์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ƒ(51.7%)์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๋งŒ

์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๊ฒฌ(26.1%)์ด ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๊ฒฌ(23.2%)๋ณด๋‹ค ์กฐ

๊ธˆ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค.

์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ œ๋ฐ˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทœ์ œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”

ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”๋œ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด

Page 84: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

84 ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„

ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฐ๋… ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ

๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

ํšŒ๊ณ„๋น„์šฉ์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์ธํ”„๋ผ์—๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™” ์—†์Œ

์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๋„์ž… ํ›„ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋น„์šฉ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‘๋‹ต์ž์˜ ์•ฝ

81%๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 73.5%๋Š” ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ

๋น„์šฉ๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๋„์ž… ์ดํ›„ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฒ•์ธ์˜ ์ž๋ฌธ์šฉ์—ญ

ํ™œ์šฉ ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์ด 81.1%, ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ž๋ฌธ์šฉ์—ญ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…

์ด 83.0%์— ๋‹ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๋„์ž… ํ›„ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ž๋ฌธ์šฉ์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜

์˜์กด๋„๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๋„์ž… ์ดํ›„ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์ž‘์„ฑ์ž์˜ ์ง๊ธ‰์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹ต

๋ณ€์ด 58.2%, ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ถ€์„œ ์ธ์›์ˆ˜๋„ ๋ณ€ํ•จ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹ต๋ณ€์ด 54.4%์˜€๋‹ค.

์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ๋„์ž… ์ดํ›„, ํšŒ๊ณ„์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ณด์ˆ˜์™€

์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ž์› ํ™œ์šฉ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ธฐ

๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ž์›์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„

์— ์ ์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ

์™ธ๋ถ€์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ๋งŒ ๋†’์•„์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

2-2 ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ๋“ค: ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ณผ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ถฉ๋Œ

๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ์ฆ๊ฐ€

๊ฐ์‚ฌ์‹คํŒจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€

์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ ์ค‘ 84.6%๋Š” ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๋„์ž… ์ดํ›„ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด โ€˜์•…

ํ™”โ€™ ๋˜๋Š” โ€˜๋งŽ์ด ์•…ํ™”โ€™๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ๋“ค์€ ํŒ๋‹จ ์˜์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ง•๊ณ„

ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๋„์ž… ํ›„ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์•…ํ™”์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฃผ

๋œ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ 91.5%์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ ์‘๋‹ต์ž๊ฐ€ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„

Page 85: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์ ์šฉ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ๋“ค(Issues) 85

๋„์ž… ํ›„ ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง€์  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด โ€˜์ฆ๊ฐ€โ€™ ๋˜๋Š” โ€˜๋งŽ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€โ€™ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘

๋‹ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํŠน์ • ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋‚˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ์ง€์นจ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์›์น™์ค‘

์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ํŠน์ง•์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ํŒ๋‹จ์˜ ์ ์ •์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ

๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์†Œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋‹ค. ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋‚˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด

๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์‚ฌํ›„ ์˜

๊ฒฌ์ถฉ๋Œ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ์ ์šฉ๊ณผ ํ•ด์„์— ๋Œ€

ํ•œ ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง€์ ์„ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜

์‹ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ œ์žฌ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์‹คํŒจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ์†ก ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ

๋Œ€์ƒ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋„ 82.9%๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์„ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž์˜ ์†Œ์†ก ์ œ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€

๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด โ€˜์ฆ๊ฐ€โ€™ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ โ€˜๋งŽ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€โ€™ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ๊ณผ ๋‹น๊ธฐ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ ์ถฉ๋Œ

ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ 2019๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์„

๊ฐ•์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์ฒด(rotation)ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ, ํŠน์ • ์™ธ

๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 6๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ํŠน์ • ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ดํ›„ ์ด ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๊ฐ๋…

๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์ง€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 3๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณผ

์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ธฐ์—…์€ 6๋…„์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์”ฉ์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์„ ๊ฐ•์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์ฒดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

์ด๋ฅผ โ€˜์ฃผ๊ธฐ์  ์ง€์ •์ œโ€™๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋”๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์  ์ง€์ •์ œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐ๋…๋‹น๊ตญ์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์˜ ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ๋Œ€ํญ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€

๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์ค€๊ฐ์‚ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์ด ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ

์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฐ•์ œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์‹คํŒจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ๊ทœ์ •์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜

์˜€๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์ œ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ์—„๊ฒฉ์„ฑ์€ ์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ,

Page 86: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

86 ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„

๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ๊ณผ ๋‹น๊ธฐ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ ๊ฐ„์— ์ด๊ฒฌ์ด

์žˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

2020๋…„์ด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์  ์ง€์ •์ œ์˜ ์ฒซ ํ•ด์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์•„์ง ์‹ค์ œ ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ๊ณผ ๋‹น๊ธฐ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ ๊ฐ„

์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์˜ 92.0%๊ฐ€ ์›

์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๋„์ž… ํ›„ ์ „์ž„๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ๊ณผ ๋‹น๊ธฐ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ƒ์ถฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘

๋‹ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2-3 ๊ฐ๋…๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ๋“ค: ์‚ฌํ›„๊ฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์™€ ํ•ด์„ ์ฐจ์ด์—

๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์šฐ๋ ค

๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์ฑ„ํƒ

ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ์„ฑ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฒ•๊ทœ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๋… ๋ฐ

๊ทœ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€๋งŒ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๋…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ

์€ ๊ฐ๋…๋‹น๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ์„œ๋„ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ณผ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๋„

์ž… ์ดํ›„์—๋„ ๊ฐ๋…๋‹น๊ตญ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์—๋Š” ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ๋…

๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž์˜ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์  ํŒ๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ๊ทœ์ •์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ

๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ ์ •์„ฑ์„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๋„์ž… ์ดํ›„์—๋„ ๋ณ€

ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์€ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ์›์น™๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„

์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜

๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์„ ํƒํ• 

๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ ๊ณ  ์ œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ 

๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์งˆ์˜ํšŒ์‹ ๊ณผ

์˜๊ฒฌ์กฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๋ˆ„์ ๋˜์–ด ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๊ด€ํ–‰๊ณผ ์ง€์นจ์ด ์–‘

Page 87: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์ ์šฉ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ๋“ค(Issues) 87

์‚ฐ๋˜๋ฉด ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ •์ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์งˆ์˜ํšŒ์‹ ์ด ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์˜ ํ–ฅ

์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ œ3์ž์ธ ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ๊ธฐ์—…๋งŒํผ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์„ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชป

ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์˜๊ฒฌ์กฐํšŒ์— ๋ฏผ์ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค์–ด ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„

ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ถŒํ•œ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ๋งŒ ์กด์ค‘๋ฐ›๊ณ 

๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์˜ ๋…์ž์ ์ธ ํ•ด์„๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์œ„์ถ•๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด๋ผ๋Š” IFRS

์˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ›ผ์†ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์‚ฌํ›„์  ํ™•์‹  ํŽธํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ ค

๊ฐ๋…๋‹น๊ตญ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž์˜ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์  ํŒ๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ

ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐ๋…๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์–‘์  ํŒ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ค€๋งŒ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋ฉด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ

ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์„ (bright line)์„ ๊ทธ์–ด์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—์„œ

๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์‹ค์งˆ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‹œ์ 

์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์ž‘

์„ฑ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด โ€˜์›์น™โ€™์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์งˆ์  ํŒ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ค€์—

๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–‘์  ํŒ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์‹ค์งˆ์  ํŒ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ค€

์€ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋งŽ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๊ฐ๋…๋‹น๊ตญ์€ ์‚ฌ์ „์ ์ธ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง„ ์ดํ›„์— ์ œ

์žฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํ›„ ์ œ์žฌ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ์ œ์žฌ

๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌํ›„์— ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•„ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋‹น์‹œ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ

์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ๊ธธ์ˆ˜์™€ ์ด์žฌ

์€(2013)์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ์ ˆ์ฐจ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ณต์ธํšŒ๊ณ„์‚ฌ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์‘๋‹ต์ž์˜ 69%์™€ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฒ•์ธ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์‹ค ์‘๋‹ต์ž์˜ 93%

๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๋…๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ์ข…๋ฃŒ ํ›„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํ›„์  ํŒ๋‹จ์ด ๋ฐœ

์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‹ต๋ณ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

์‚ฌํ›„ ์ œ์žฌ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ฐ๋…๋ฐฉ์‹ํ•˜์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์€ ์ ์ •ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜

๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ

๊ด€๊ณผ ํ”ผ๊ทœ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ธ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ๋ถˆ

Page 88: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

88 ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„

๊ท ํ˜•์€ ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ง•๊ณ„ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค.

์ผ๊ด€๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ง•๊ณ„์ˆ˜์œ„

์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ง•๊ณ„์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฐ๋…์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด, ๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ

์ง•๊ณ„์ˆ˜์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ผ๊ด€๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ถ€์ •๊ณผ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ

ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์„ (bright line)์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ

๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—… ํšŒ๊ณ„๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—์„œ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ

์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‚ด๋ ค์ง€๋Š” ์กฐ์น˜๋‚˜ ์ง•๊ณ„์ˆ˜์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฅผ ํ‘œ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ๋…์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐํ™”

๊ฒฝ์˜์ž์˜ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์  ํŒ๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ณผ์ œ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๊ฐ๋…๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„

๋˜ํ•œ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ์†Œ์š”๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฌ๋‹ค. ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•ด

์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ถ„๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ ์  ๋งŽ์•„์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ๋…๊ณผ์ • ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์žฅ๊ธฐํ™”๋ 

๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค.

๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ธธ์–ด์ง€๋‹ค ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ด ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ž

๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ถœํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์š”์ฒญํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค(์ด์ถฉํ›ˆ,

2018). ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ๋˜ํ’€์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€

์—ญ์‹œ ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์ค‘๋ณต๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ์ฆํญ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Page 89: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ํ•ด๋ฒ• ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ 89

๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์„ฑ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ์ •์ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋–ค ํ•ด๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ

์ด ํ•„์š”ํ• ๊นŒ?

ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹ค๋ฌด์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ •์ฐฉ

์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ด๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง„์€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ

๋กœ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ •์ฐฉ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์ค‘๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ •์ฐฉ๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€

ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ด€๋ จ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ํ•ด๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋จผ์ €, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง„์€ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ์ •์ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…, ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ,

๊ฐ๋…๋‹น๊ตญ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •๋ณด์ด์šฉ์ž๋“ค์ด ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€

๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ํ•ด๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ดํ•ด๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋…ผ

์˜์™€ ํ•ฉ์˜(consensus)๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ค‘๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ

์ดํ•ด๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œ๋„์™€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3Chapter

์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ํ•ด๋ฒ• ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ

Page 90: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

90 ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์›์น™์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•ด๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3-1 ๊ธฐ์—…: ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ •๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ์ง€์†ํ•˜๋ผ

๋‚ด๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐ•ํ™”

์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ์ •์ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์ „๋ฐ˜์  ๊ฐœ๋…์ฒด๊ณ„์™€ ๊ฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์„

๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ™œ๋™์˜ ์‹ค์งˆ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ

๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ์ถœ๋ฐœ

์ ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ™”

๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๋‚ด๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ œ๋„์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„์™€

์šด์šฉ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”

์Šน์ธ๊ถŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ํŒ๋‹จ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด

ํ›„ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์Šน์ธํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ํ†ต์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ

์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

2018๋…„ ๊ฐœ์ • ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์ฆ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ โ€˜๊ฒ€ํ† (review)โ€™

์—์„œ โ€˜๊ฐ์‚ฌ(audit)โ€™๋กœ ์ƒํ–ฅ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ์ •์ฐฉ์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ

ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

๋‚ด๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์‹ค๋ฌด์ง„์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ•ํ™”

๋‚ด๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹ค๋ฌด์ง„์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜

๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์‹ค์งˆ์„ ์ž˜ ๋ณด๊ณ  ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ž˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •(determine)ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋จผ

์ € ์›์น™์„ ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ์—… ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ถ€์„œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ํ•„

์š”ํ•œ ํž˜์€ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ์›์น™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ ฅ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜

๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์™€ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์‹ค์งˆ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์‹ค์งˆ์—

๋งž์ถ”์–ด ์ตœ์ ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰, ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ํŒ๋‹จ์˜ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ

Page 91: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ํ•ด๋ฒ• ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ 91

์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋“ฑ์— ์„ค๋“๋ ฅ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ

์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์ธํ”„๋ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ถ€์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ทจํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์กฐ์ง

์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ถ€์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์ด ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์•ผ ํ•œ

๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ถ€์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž ์ง์†์˜ ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ธ ํŒ€์œผ๋กœ ๋…๋ฆฝ

์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งํ•  ์ฐธ๋ชจ์กฐ์ง์œผ๋กœ ํŽธ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ถ€์„œ์˜ ์กฐ์ง ๋‚ด R&R(Role &

Responsibility)์„ ๊ฒฉ์ƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ์ผ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ, ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์˜

์ž…์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ์ด์Šˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ์ ์–ด๋„ ๋‘

๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ

๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ต

์ฒด๋˜์–ด๋„ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ถ€์„œ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—…๋ฌด์˜ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

ํŽธ๊ฒฌ ์—†๋Š” ํŒ๋‹จ๊ณผ ํŒ๋‹จ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”

์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ธ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ํŒ๋‹จ์€ ์ด์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ

์—†์ด ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŒ๋‹จ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ํŒ๋‹จ์˜ ์ค€๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ทœ์ •์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ

์— ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ํŠน์ • ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”ํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์ ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์›

์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—์„œ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์€ ์ •๋‹นํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ณ  ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ

์ณ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ํŒ๋‹จ์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์™€ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ธฐ์กด ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์ด ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋‹น์‹œ ์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํŒ๋‹จํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๋‚ฉ๋“์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์€

๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋™์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์‹œ

์ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํŒ๋‹จ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ, ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ, ๊ด€๋ จ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€, ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜๋Š”

ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ, ์ตœ์ข… ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ 

์ ˆ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌํ›„ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ƒ์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Page 92: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

92 ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„

๋‚ด๋ถ€ ํ† ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”

๊ธฐ์—…์ด ํŒ๋‹จ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ตํžˆ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ก ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ •์ฐฉ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—… ๋‚ด

๋ถ€ ์†Œํ†ต๋„ ๋”์šฑ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ์‹œ์ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€

๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ํ† ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉด ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ดํ•ด

๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ์ˆœ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์—… ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์œ„์›ํšŒ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ค‘์š”

ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •์ฑ… ๊ฒฐ์ • ๋“ฑ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์œ„์›ํšŒ์˜

๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋„๋ก ์šด์˜ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํšŒ๊ณ„์  ํŒ๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€

์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2018๋…„ ๊ฐœ์ • ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์œ„์›ํšŒ์˜ ๊ถŒํ•œ๊ณผ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์‚ฌ

์ธ ์„ ์ž„, ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ ์‹œ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์„ ์ž„, ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ์ • ์š”๊ตฌ ๋“ฑ

๊ฐ์‚ฌ์œ„์›ํšŒ์˜ ์‹คํšจ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์žฅ์น˜๋“ค์ด ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—… ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜

ํŒ๋‹จ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ธฐ์—… ์™ธ๋ถ€์™€์˜ ์†Œํ†ต ๊ฐ•ํ™”

์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ์ƒํ˜ธ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฝํ•ด์•ผ

ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๋จผ์ € ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ

๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์›์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธˆ์œต๊ฐ๋…์› ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฒ•์ธ๊ณผ๋„ ์ •

๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ„๋‹ดํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์ตœํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์ด์Šˆ๋ฅผ ๊ณต

์œ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŒ๋‹จ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ† ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๊ณต๊ฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋„“

ํ˜€๊ฐˆ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•œ๊ฑธ์Œ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์กด ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋ถˆํ•ฉ๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ด€ํ–‰์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋” ์ข‹์€ ํšŒ

๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋ฅผ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ”ผ๋ ฅํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ธฐ์—… ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€

์ œ์ •๊ณผ์ •์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ดˆ์•ˆ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๊ณผ์ •์— ์ ๊ทน ๋™์ฐธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•˜๋‹ค. ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ

ํšŒ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ์ œ์ •์€ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์ œ์ •๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ „์œ ๋ฌผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฃผ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘

์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

Page 93: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ํ•ด๋ฒ• ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ 93

๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ฃผ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต์‹œ์ œ๋„ ์šด์˜์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์†Œํ†ต

K-IFRS๋Š” โ€˜์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ์— ์ธ์‹๋˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์•ก์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ์˜์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์ด ๋‚ด

๋ฆฐ ํŒ๋‹จโ€™์„ ๊ณต์‹œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(๊ธฐ์ค€์„œ ์ œ1001ํ˜ธ ๋ฌธ๋‹จ 122). ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŽ์€

๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ํŠน์ • ๊ธฐ์ค€์„œ์— ๋ช…์‹œ๋œ ๊ณต์‹œ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ๋“ค์„ ๊ทธ

๋ƒฅ ๋‚˜์—ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

K-IFRS๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์ด ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ๊ณต์‹œํ•˜๋„๋ก ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์ด์šฉ์ž

๊ฐ€ ์ ์šฉ๋œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋•๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์—… ๊ฐ„ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š”

์ผ์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์ด๋‹ค.

์šฐ์„  ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋” ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์—…

์ด ์ฃผ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต์‹œ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํŒ๋‹จ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ

์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๊นŒ

์ง€ ๊ณต์‹œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ฃผ์„๊ณต์‹œ๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด์ด์šฉ์ž์™€ ์†Œํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด๋‹ค. ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ

ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ฐ ํ•ด์†Œ์™€ ์ •๋ณด์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ํ˜ผ๋ž€ ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฅผ

ํ•œ๊บผ๋ฒˆ์— ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์žฌ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”

๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— โ€˜์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์žฌ์ž‘์„ฑ ์‚ฌ์œ , ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ, ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„œ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ์žฌ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ

์ฃผ์„์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณต์‹œโ€™ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ณด์ด์šฉ์ž๋“ค์—

๊ฒŒ ์ถฉ์‹คํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ดํ•ด๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์— ํ•ฉ์˜์— ์ด๋ฅด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์„ ํƒํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์˜ ๊ทผ

๊ฑฐ์™€ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ์ข‹๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‹ค์Œ

์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ฃผ์„์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. (1) ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ, (2) ๊ธฐ์—…

์ด ์„ ํƒํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ทธ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ, (3) ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ(์„ ํƒํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ๊ณผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์ง€

์•Š์€ ๋Œ€์•ˆ)์ด ์ž์‚ฐ, ๋ถ€์ฑ„, ๋งค์ถœ ๋“ฑ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ œ

์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ •๋ณด์ด์šฉ์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์‹ค์งˆ๊ณผ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜

๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Page 94: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

94 ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„

ํšŒ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์˜ ์ธ์‹ ๋ณ€ํ™”

์•ž์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํšŒ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์˜ ์ธ์‹ ๋ณ€ํ™”

์ด๋‹ค. Tone at the top์ด ํšŒ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋Œ€์‘์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ

์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์€ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๊ณต์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ

๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ์— ์ˆœ์‘(compliance)ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋„๋กœ๋งŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•ด์™”๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด

์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์ด๋‚˜ ์„ธ๋ฌด ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜

์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ƒ์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ณ„๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒ€ํ† 

๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋ง‰์ƒ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋•Œ์„œ์•ผ ํšŒ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ

์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์€ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์ด์Šˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด

๊ฒฐํ• ์ง€ ์ค€๋น„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ์žฌ๋ฌด์ƒํƒœ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น  ์˜ํ–ฅ

์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์™€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ œ3์ž์ธ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€

์˜ ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ์ฒญ์ทจํ•˜์—ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์ด์Šˆ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•ด

์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

3-2 ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ: ์ธ์ ์ž์›์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ •๋น„ํ•˜๋ผ

์†Œ์† ํšŒ๊ณ„์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์™€ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ’ˆ์งˆ ๊ฐ•ํ™”

๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ, ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์ธ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฒ•์ธ์€ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‹ค๋ ฅ์„

๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํšŒ๊ณ„์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ์ง‘์ค‘ ๊ต์œกํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฒ•์ธ๊ณผ

ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณต์ธํšŒ๊ณ„์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์ธํšŒ๊ณ„์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ์‹ค๋ฌด์— ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š”

๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์šด์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ง€์‹์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์œก์ด

์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํŒ๋‹จ๋ ฅ์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ๊ต์œก์ด ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ก ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‚ฌ๋ก€ํ•™์Šต

๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์›์น™์˜ ์ ์šฉ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ด ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”

ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฒ•์ธ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹ค์— ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ „๋‹ดํŒ€์„ ํŽธ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ํšŒ๊ณ„

Page 95: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ํ•ด๋ฒ• ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ 95

๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ „๋‹ดํŒ€์€ ์ œ๊ฐœ์ •๋˜๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ˆ˜์‹œ๋กœ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธํ•˜๊ณ , ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ง€์†์ 

์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ , ์†Œ์† ํšŒ๊ณ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ

๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ „ํŒŒํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋“ค์„ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰

ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์ค€ ํ•ด์„์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธˆ์œต์œ„์›ํšŒ๋Š” 2018๋…„ ๊ฐœ์ • ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ๋“ฑ๋ก์ œ์—,

์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ƒ์žฅ๋ฒ•์ธ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ ๋“ฑ๋ก์š”๊ฑด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์ ์ • ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ–ˆ

๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—…๋ฌด ๋‹ด๋‹น์ด์‚ฌ์™€ ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—…๋ฌด๋งŒ์„ ์ „๋‹ดํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ทœ

์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ํŠนํžˆ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—…๋ฌด ๋‹ด๋‹น์ด์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ 7๋…„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต ๊ฐ•ํ™”

์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ์ •์ฐฉ๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ๋“ค๋ผ๋ฆฌ ๋” ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์Šˆ๋“ค

์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์†Œ์œ„ Big 4๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ์ฃผ์š” ์ด์Šˆ์—

๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ๊ตญ์˜ ํšŒ์› ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฒ•์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›

๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ธ๋ ฅ๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„œ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ „๋‹ดํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ

์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์ด์Šˆ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์‹ฌ๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ€ํ† ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์†Œํ˜• ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฒ•์ธ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ์ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์ œํ•œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ธ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋„“์ง€

์•Š์•„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋‚œํ•ญ์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ Big

4๋Š” ์ž์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ค‘์†Œํ˜• ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฒ•์ธ๊ณผ๋„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด์•ผ

ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ™์€ ์ทจ์ง€๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณต์ธํšŒ๊ณ„์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋งค๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„œ๋ณ„ ์‹ค๋ฌดํ•ด์„ค์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„ํ•˜๊ณ 

์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ๊ฐœ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „์ž„๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ๊ณผ ๋‹น๊ธฐ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต๋„ ์ค‘

์š”ํ•ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ ์ง€์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋‹น๊ธฐ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ๊ณผ ์ „์ž„๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ ๊ฐ„ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ์ผ์น˜

ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜

๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ธˆ์œต์œ„์›ํšŒ๋Š” โ€˜์ „์ž„ยท๋‹น๊ธฐ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ ๊ฐ„ ์˜

Page 96: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

96 ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„

๊ฒฌ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์  ์™„ํ™”๋ฐฉ์•ˆโ€™์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์€ ์ „์ž„ยท๋‹น๊ธฐ ๊ฐ

์‚ฌ์ธ ๊ฐ„์— ์˜๊ฒฌ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณต์ธํšŒ๊ณ„์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๊ด€ํ•˜๋Š”ใ€Œ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ค๋ฅ˜์ˆ˜

์ •ํ˜‘์˜ํšŒใ€์˜ ์กฐ์œจ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ˜‘์˜ํšŒ์—์„œ ์ถฉ์‹คํ•œ ํ˜‘์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์—

๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ–ฅํ›„ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ๋ฆฌ ์กฐ์น˜ ์‹œ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ 1๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์ด์ƒ ๊ฐ๊ฒฝํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„

๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ํ˜‘์˜ํšŒ์˜ ์กฐ์œจ ์ด์ „์— ์ „์ž„ยท๋‹น๊ธฐ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ

์‚ฌ์ด์— ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต๊ณผ ์กด์ค‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

3-3 ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€: ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๋…ํ•˜๋ผ

๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ์กด์ค‘์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์ธ์ •

์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ๋… ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์„ธ๊ฐ€

ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์™ธ๊ด€์ƒ ๋น„์Šทํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„

์ž‘์€ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์‹ค์งˆ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜

๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ค„์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์นผ๋กœ ๋ฌด ์ž๋ฅด๋“ฏ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ

๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด๋‚˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ

์ธ์‹๊ณผ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํšŒ

๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ โ€˜์›์น™โ€™์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜

์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์›ํ™”๋œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™์—์„œ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ

ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์—ญ๋ถ€์กฑ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ €๊ณ , ์ด์— ๋”ฐ

๋ผ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ด์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋‘๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ

๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์— ๋ณต์ˆ˜์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ „์ œ๋กœ

ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ๋…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์‚ฌ์ „ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ฐ๋…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž…๊ณผ ์œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ

๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐ๋…์€ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ(feedback), ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐ๋…์€ ํ”ผ๋“œํฌ์›Œ๋“œ

(feedforward)์ด๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌํ›„ ์ œ์žฌ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ๋…๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”

Page 97: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ํ•ด๋ฒ• ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ 97

์‚ฌ์ „ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ฐ๋…์ด ๋” ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋‹ค.

2018๋…„ 11์›” 1์ผ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์ œ๋„

๋Š” โ€˜๊ฐ๋ฆฌ์ง‘ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณต์‹œ๋œ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ๋“ฑ์— ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์œ„๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ

๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ํŠน์ด์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์†Œ๋ช…์„ ๋“ค์€ ํ›„์— ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ

์ค€ ์œ„๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ •์„ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ์—…๋ฌดโ€™๋ฅผ ๋ง

ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ข…์ „์—๋„ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ์ œ๋„์™€ ์žฌ๋ฌด

์ œํ‘œ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์ œ๋„๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ œ๋„์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ • ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ

ํ‘œ๋ณธ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ „์ค€๋น„๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜€๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฌด์ •๋ณด์˜ ์‹ 

์†ํ•œ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜์ˆ˜์ •๊ณผ ํŠน์ด์‚ฌํ•ญ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์ด์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์†Œํ†ต์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ

๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‘˜์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์ œ๋„๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ๋˜

ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ โ€˜์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๊ฐ๋ฆฌโ€™์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์ œ๋„์˜ ์šด์˜์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ์„ ์œ ๋…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ฒซ์งธ, ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์ œ๋„์˜ ์ •์ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ์ทจ์ง€, ์ œ๋„์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„, ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ

๊ฐ๋ฆฌ์™€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค(๊ธฐ์—…, ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ, ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€, ๊ตญํšŒ,

๊ฐ์‚ฌ์›, ์–ธ๋ก ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋“ฑ) ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ

์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ๋ฐœ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ œ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€

์ •๋ณด์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ณผ์˜ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ์ด๋‚˜ ์ œ์žฌ ์—†์ด

๊ธฐ์—… ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ ์‹œ์— ๊ณต์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด

๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ‰์ถœํ•ด ๋‚ด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ๊ฐ€์ง์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋œ

๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ ์‹œ์— ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ œ๊ณต๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฐ

๊ตญ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์ •๋ณด์ด์šฉ์ž๋“ค์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

๋‘˜์งธ, ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์ œ๋„์˜ ์ •์ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€

ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ทœ์ •๊ณผ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์กฐํ•ด ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์œ„๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ฐพ

์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ค„์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ํ•ด๋‹น ์‚ฐ์—…์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋†’์€

Page 98: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

98 ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„

์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์‚ฌํ•ด

์•ผ ํ•  ๊ธฐ์—… ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž์˜ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ

ํ™•๋ณด๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ๋จธ์‹ ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋„์ž…๋„ ๊ฒ€ํ† 

ํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋จธ์‹ ์ด ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ 1

์ฐจ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ , ์ดํ›„ ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ 2์ฐจ ์ž‘์—…์„

ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

์…‹์งธ, ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์œ„๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์ ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ˆ˜์ •

๊ถŒ๊ณ  ํ›„ ์ข…๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ ์ • ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ด์ฒฉ ์ค‘ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜

๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์ด ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š

์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ข…๊ฒฐํ• ์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ • ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ๊นŒ์ง€

์ดํ–‰ํ• ์ง€๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ํ™•๋ณด๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ(์ˆ˜์ •๊ณต์‹œ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ์™€ ์ • ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ด์ฒฉ ์ค‘ ์„ ํƒ) ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒจ

๋„์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋ฉด(ํ•œ์ข…์ˆ˜, 2018) ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์ œ๋„์˜ ์ •์ฐฉ์„ ์•ž๋‹น๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ๊ธฐ์—…, ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ, ํ•™๊ณ„, ์ •๋ณด์ด์šฉ์ž ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ํ›„๋ณด๊ตฐ(pool)์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„

ํžˆ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ ๋’ค ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ด ํ›„๋ณด๊ตฐ ์ค‘์—์„œ ํ•ด๋‹น ์‚ฌ์•ˆ๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„

๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„์›์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒจ๋„์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŒจ๋„์€ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—

์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ํŠน์ • ์‚ฌํ•ญ์˜ ์ง€์  ์—ฌ๋ถ€ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์ข…๊ฒฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ • ๊ฐ

๋ฆฌ ์ด์ฒฉ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ธ‰์  ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ „์— ์žฌ๋ฌด

์ œํ‘œ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ•œ๋„๋ฅผ ์ •ํ•ด๋†“์€ ๋‹ค์Œ, ๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งŒ ์ œํ•œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ

์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹๋„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ์žฅ์˜ ์Šน์ธ๋„ ํŒจ๋„์ด ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„

์ข‹๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ จ ๋‹น์‚ฌ

์ž์˜ ์›ํ™œํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธˆ์œต์œ„์›ํšŒ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„

๊ฐ๋…์„ ์ง„ํ™”๋ฐฉ์•ˆ(2019. 6.)์—์„œ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‹ด๋‹น์กฐ์ง์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฌ

Page 99: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ํ•ด๋ฒ• ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ 99

๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ 3๊ฐœ์›” ์ด๋‚ด ์ข…๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์›์น™์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ์‚ฌํ’ˆ์งˆ ์ œ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‚ด์‹คํ™”

์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์‹คํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋จผ์ € ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ

์ธ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ธ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€

๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ ์ง€์ •, ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ์„ ์ •, ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์กฐ์น˜ ์‹œ

๊ฐ€์ค‘ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฒฝ, ๊ณผ์ง•๊ธˆ ๊ฐ€์ค‘ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฒฝ ์‹œ ๋“ฑ์— ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ

์ธ์ด ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์œ ๋„ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ธˆ์œต์œ„์›ํšŒ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ๋…์„ ์ง„ํ™”๋ฐฉ์•ˆ(2019. 6.)์—๋Š” ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์œ„

๋ฐ˜์ด ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ๊ถŒ๊ณ  ์ดํ›„์—๋„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์ด ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฒ•์ธ์—

์‹œ์ •๋ช…๋ น์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๋ถˆ์ดํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ œ์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ณต์‹œ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๊ฐ๋…

๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ๊ฐœ์„ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ 3๋…„ ์ด๋‚ด์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์™ธ๋ถ€์— ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ฐœ์„ ๊ถŒ๊ณ 

๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋‚ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1๋…„ ์ด๋‚ด์— ์ •๋‹นํ•œ ์ด์œ  ์—†์ด ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฐœ์„ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ดํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€

์•„๋‹ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” 3๋…„ ์ด๋‚ด์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์™ธ๋ถ€์— ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์—ญ์‹œ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ๋…์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธˆ์œต๊ฐ

๋…์›์€ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‹ด๋‹น์ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋ฌด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด

ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์ ๊ทน ์ถฉ์›ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ „๋ฌธ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„์  ์–‘์„ฑ์—๋„

ํž˜์จ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ๋„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ

๋‹ค. ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์š”์ฒญํ•ด ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ

์— ์ง€์ ๊ฑด์ˆ˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ค„์ง€๋Š” ํ˜•์‹์  ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ค‘์ ๊ฐ๋ฆฌํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์„ ์ •

ํ•˜์—ฌ ์š”์ฒญ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์ „ ํ†ต๋ณดํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์ ์ ์œผ๋กœ

๊ฐ๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ’ˆ์งˆ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Page 100: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

100 ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„

ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋น„์กฐ์น˜์˜๊ฒฌ์„œ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ๋…์ง€์นจ

๊ธˆ์œต์œ„์›ํšŒ์™€ ๊ธˆ์œต๊ฐ๋…์›์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„ํ•˜๋Š” โ€˜๊ฐ๋…์ง€์นจโ€™์€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋น„(้ž)์กฐ์น˜์˜๊ฒฌ์„œ(no

action letter)์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๋…์ง€์นจ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์ด๋‚˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด์„์ด ์•„

๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. K-IFRS์˜ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ํ•ด์„ ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ๋…์—…๋ฌด์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ์ง€์นจ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•œ ๊ฒƒ

์ด๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ฐ๋…๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์กฐ์น˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š”

๋น„์กฐ์น˜์˜๊ฒฌ์„œ๋ž€ ๋œป์ด๋‹ค.

๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ๊ฐ๋…์ง€์นจ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„ํ•˜๋ฉด ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ํ•ด์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜

์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ๋…์ง€์นจ์„ ๋‚จ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ฉด ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฐ„์„ ํ›ผ์†ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๋…์ง€์นจ

์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ ํ•ด์†Œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ผญ

ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ํ•œํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๋…์ง€์นจ์„ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ๋…์ง€์นจ์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ

์—๋„ ๊ฐ๋…์ง€์นจ์ด ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ ์›์น™์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด

์—†๋Š”์ง€ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ๋…์ง€์นจ ๋ฐœํ‘œ ์ „์— ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ „

๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ๋…์ง€์นจ์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ

์ค€์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ๊ฐœ์ • ์ดํ›„ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์žฌ์ž‘์„ฑ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• 

๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์žฌ์ž‘์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ทœ์ •์ด ์—†์–ด ํ˜ผ๋ž€์ด ๊ฐ€

์ค‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ

์—์„œ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ Big R๊ณผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ์—๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น๊ธฐ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ์—

์ค‘์š”ํ•œ Little r๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ Big R์€ ์‚ฌ์—…๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ์žฌ๋ฐœํ–‰, Little r์€ ๋‹น๊ธฐ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œ

ํ‘œ์— ๋น„๊ต ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ๋งŒ ์žฌ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„

๊ฐ๋…์ง€์นจ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ต์œก ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ ์งˆ์˜ํšŒ์‹ 

์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๋„์ž… ์งํ›„ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ๋˜ ์งˆ์˜ํšŒ์‹  ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ถ€์ฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ

๋‹ค. ์งˆ์˜ํšŒ์‹ ์„ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„

Page 101: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ํ•ด๋ฒ• ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ 101

ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •๋ณด๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ค„์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ต์œก์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„

ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์งˆ์˜ํšŒ์‹ ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜

๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹๋‹ค.

๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์งˆ์˜ํšŒ์‹ ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฐ„์„ ํ›ผ์†ํ•  ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์งˆ์˜ํšŒ์‹ 

๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๊ตญ์ œํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ์ถฉ๋Œํ•  ์œ„ํ—˜๋„ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์งˆ์˜ํšŒ์‹ ์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ด€

๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ์งˆ์˜ํšŒ์‹ ์„ ์–ต์ง€๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ์šฐ

๋ ค๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์‹ค์งˆ์ด ์™œ๊ณก๋˜๋Š” ์—ญํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์งˆ์˜ํšŒ์‹ ์€ ๊ฐ€๊ธ‰์  ์งˆ์˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ด€๊ณ„์— ํ•œ์ •๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ

์ฃผ์ง€์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๊ต์œก ๋ชฉ์ ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ค„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•˜๋‹ค.

3-4 ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์ •์ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด

ํšŒ๊ณ„์‹ฌํŒ์› ๋„์ž…

์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ํŠน์ • ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค

๋ฅธ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋”์šฑ ๋†’๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋‹คํˆผ์€ ๊ฐˆ

์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์Ÿ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํŒ๋‹จ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ

์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

ํ˜„ํ–‰ ์ œ๋„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฆ๊ถŒ์„ ๋ฌผ์œ„์›ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์žฌ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์—…์€

์ด์˜์‹ ์ฒญ, ํ–‰์ •์‹ฌํŒ, ํ–‰์ •์†Œ์†ก ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด ์ œ์žฌ์กฐ์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถˆ๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด์˜์‹ ์ฒญ๊ณผ ํ–‰์ •์‹ฌํŒ์€ ์ธ์šฉ๋ฅ , ์ฆ‰ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์†์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ

๋‚ฎ์•„ ์‹คํšจ์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ œ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์›์ฒ˜๋ถ„์„ ํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋ถ„์ฒญ์—์„œ

๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์˜์‹ ์ฒญ์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ƒ ์ธ์šฉ๋ฅ ์ด ๋‚ฎ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ํ•ด ํ–‰์ •

์‹ฌํŒ์€ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹ฌ๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๋น„ํŒ์ด ๊ฐ•

ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Page 102: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

102 ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„

์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งˆ๋ จ๋œ ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ–‰์ •์‹ฌํŒ์ ˆ์ฐจ์ด๋‹ค.

์กฐ์„ธ๊ด€๊ณ„, ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ด€๊ณ„, ํ† ์ง€ํ–‰์ • ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋กœ

๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ–‰์ •์‹ฌํŒ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ถ„์•ผ์—๋„ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ–‰์ •์‹ฌํŒ์ ˆ์ฐจ, ์ฆ‰ ํšŒ๊ณ„์‹ฌํŒ์›์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž…์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํšŒ

๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€, ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ค€, ์–‘์ •๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋“ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค๋กœ ํšŒ๊ณ„์‹ฌํŒ์›์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ ๋’ค ํšŒ

๊ณ„์‹ฌํŒ์›์ด ํšŒ๊ณ„์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋ชจ๋“  ํ–‰์ •์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š”

ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ํ–‰์ •์‹ฌํŒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ธฐ์—… ๋“ฑ ํ”ผ์กฐ์น˜์ž์˜ ๋ฐฉ์–ด๊ถŒ ๋ณด์žฅ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„

๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

์œ„๋ฒ•ํ–‰์œ„์™€ ๊ณ ์˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ๋ฌธ์ œ

๊ตญ์ œํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋„์ž… ์ดํ›„ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ ์œ„๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ฃ„ํ˜•๋ฒ•์ •

์ฃผ์˜ ์›์น™(์ฒ˜๋ฒŒํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์—์„œ ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค

๋Š” ์›์น™)์ด ์ถฉ์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง€์ผœ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ํ˜„์‹ค์ด๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ตญ์ œํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์—์„œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ 

์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€

๋งŽ๋‹ค. ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ ๋ชจ๋“  ์œ„๋ฒ•์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ธฐ ๋•Œ

๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ๋ฒ• ์กฐํ•ญ์„ ๋‘” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ฃ„ํ˜•๋ฒ•์ •์ฃผ์˜์™€ ์ถฉ๋Œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒ

ํ•˜๋ฉด ์œ„์ž„์ž…๋ฒ•์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ตญ์ œํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ์œ„๋ฐ˜์„ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์ด ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ,

๊ตญ์ œํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ๋˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ๊ทœ์ • ์—†์ด

์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์›์น™๋งŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฃ„ํ˜•๋ฒ•์ •์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ‚ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์˜ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํญ๋„“๊ฒŒ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์œ„๋ฒ•ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์ผ

๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€(๊ณ ์˜), ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€(๊ณผ์‹ค) ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณ ์˜๋Š” ๋‹ค

์‹œ ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ํ–‰ํ•œ ํ™•์ •์  ๊ณ ์˜์™€ ํ™•์ •์  ๊ณ ์˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”

๊ฐ€์žฅ ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ณ ์˜๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ฏธํ•„์  ๊ณ ์˜๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋…น๋ก์น˜ ์•Š๋‹ค.

์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ„๋ฒ•ํ–‰์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ช…์ด ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—

Page 103: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ํ•ด๋ฒ• ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ 103

์„œ ์›์น™์„ ์–ด๊ธด ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

ํ† ๋ก ๋ฌธํ™” ์ •์ฐฉ๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ •(process)์ค‘์‹ฌ ํŒ๋‹จ์˜ ์กด์ค‘

ํ† ๋ก ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„

์‚ฌ์ „์— ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ

๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์น˜์—ดํ•œ ํ† ๋ก ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ 

์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ด๊ธด ์„œ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์€ ์ถฉ์‹คํ•œ ํ† ๋ก ์„ ๊พธ์ค€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ

ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ์ฑ…์ž„ ๋ฌธ์ œ

๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ์ฑ…์ž„์†Œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ

๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์ด ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ํ† ๋ก ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์†Œํ†ต์„ ์ž˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ค

๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ตฌํ˜„์„

์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ค‘์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ฐ

๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€๋„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ชจ๋“  ํŒ๋‹จ์ด ์ •ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ก ์  ๊ฐ๋…์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณผ์ •์ค‘์‹ฌ

๊ฐ๋…์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Page 104: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG
Page 105: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

Epilogue 105

Epilogue

ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์„ฑ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ฒด์ œ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„์™”๋‹ค. ๋ช…๋ฌธํ™”๋œ ๊ทœ์น™์— ์ต

์ˆ™ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ด€๋ จ์ž๋“ค์ด ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด์ฐŒ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‹น์—ฐ

ํ•œ ์ผ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทœ์ •๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ฒ•๊ทœ์ฒด์ œ์—์„œ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๊ณ 

ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š

๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ํŠน์ง•์€ ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด ๊ทœ์ •์— ์œ„

๋ฐ˜๋˜๋ฉด ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ ์œ„๋ฐ˜์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋ฉด ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณง

๋ฒ•์˜ ์œ„๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒํ•œ๋‹ค.

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ์œ„๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š๋ƒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋‹ค.

ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๊ทœ์น™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ํ•ด์„์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ข์•„์ง€๋ฏ€๋กœ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์˜

๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ์™€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์ด๋ผ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Š”

ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ ์œ„๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํŒ์ •๋˜์–ด ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค.

๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์˜๊ตญ์˜ FRC๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, 2๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ

๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋น 

๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•œ๋‹ค. FRC์™€ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ

์šฐ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒ•์›์— ๊ณ ์†Œํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ

๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด๋‹ค. FRC์˜ ๋ถ€์›

์žฅ์€ โ€œFRC๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…, ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ, ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ

๊ด€์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ธฐ์—… ์žฌ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ณ ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ์‹ ๋ขฐ

์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ด€๊ณ„(cooperative relationship)์ด๋‹คโ€๋ผ๊ณ  ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Page 106: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

106 ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง„์€ ์„œ๋กœ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ •์ฐฉํ•˜

๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์šฐ์„ ์‹œ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ง“๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ํ† 

๋ก ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ† ๋ก ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ”ผํ•œ ์ถฉ๋Œ์„ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค.

์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์Œ์†์— ์ˆจ๊ฒจ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋ฌด๋ฆ…์“ฐ๊ณ ์„œ๋ผ๋„ ํ‘œํ˜„

ํ•ด์•ผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ง„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฐ„ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ด€๋ จ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž

๋“ค์€ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ๋ถ€์‹ฏ๋Œ์„ ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์™”๋‹ค. ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๋œ ์ฑ„ ๋„์ž…๋œ

IFRS๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์•„์ง์€ ์•ผ์ƒ๋งˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ธธ๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์กด์žฌ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

We must strike flint to start fire

์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ์ •์ฐฉ๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ๋ถ€์‹ฏ๋Œ์„ ๊บผ๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…,

๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ, ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€, ํšŒ๊ณ„ํ•™๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ๋ถ€์‹ฏ๋Œ์„ ๊บผ๋‚ด ์น˜์—ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€๋”ชํ˜€๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ

ํ† ๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๋น›์„ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์น˜์—ดํ•œ ํ† ๋ก ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š”

์ •๋‹ต์ด ์•„๋‹์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๋ฒ”๋‹ต์•ˆ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋ผ๋„ ๋ถ€๋”ชํžˆ๊ณ  ํ† ๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ

๋‹ค. ํ† ๋ก ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์™€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ

์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ธ์‹ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ทœ์ •๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š”

์ ๋งŒ์€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ณ  ์‹ค๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•ด๋ฒ•๋“ค์˜ ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๋ฟ

๋”๋Ÿฌ ์‹คํ–‰์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€์†ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ์ •์ฐฉ๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „์€, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€

์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์†์ ์ธ ํ† ๋ก ์„ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ

์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์„œ๋กœ์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์˜์‹ฌํ•˜

๊ณ  ์ œ์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

๋ชจ์ชผ๋ก ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ”์ ๋“ค์„ ์š”์•ฝํ•œ ์ด ์ฑ…์ด ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ๋ถ€์‹ฏ๋Œ์„ ๊บผ๋ƒ„

์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก , ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฃผ์ฒด๋“ค์˜ ํ† ๋ก ์„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•œ๊ตญ์— ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ •์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ

์ž‘์€ ์•Œ์ด ๋˜๊ธธ ๊ฐ„์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ์—์„œ ์ด ์š”์•ฝ์„œ์˜ ๋ถ€์ œ๋ฅผ โ€œWe must

strike flint to start fireโ€๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Page 107: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

Epilogue 107

์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์  ์ •์ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ์–ธ

ํ•œ๊ตญํšŒ๊ณ„ํ•™ํšŒ๋Š” ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ •์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ

๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •์ฑ… ์ œ์–ธ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.

์šฐ์„  ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์กด์ค‘

ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โˆ™ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด์„์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ

ํ•ด์„์— ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ์กด์ค‘๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โˆ™ ๊ทœ์ œ๋‚˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„๋‚œ์ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ, ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…๋ณด๊ณ ์™€ ๊ณต์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ

๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ณ ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‘์–ด์•ผ

ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โˆ™ ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์—…, ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ, ๊ฐ๋…๋‹น๊ตญ์ด ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜‘๋™ ๊ด€๊ณ„

(cooperative relationship)๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ •๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ์ง€์†

ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โˆ™ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ CEO๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์ž‘์„ฑ ์ฑ…์ž„์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด์ด์šฉ

์ž์™€ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โˆ™ ๊ธฐ์—… ๋‚ด ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ถ€์„œ์˜ ์œ„์ƒ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ๋…์ž์ ์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ ํ•ด์„ ๋ฐ ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ํ• 

์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ๋†’์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โˆ™ ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์ž‘์„ฑ ์‹œ ์œ ์˜์  ํŒ๋‹จ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ •๋‹นํ•œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ(due process)๋ฅผ

์ •๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ธ์ ์ž์›์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ

์ •๋น„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โˆ™ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์€ ๋†’์€ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋…๋ฆฝ์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ

๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์˜ ๊ต์œก, ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ถ€์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ™”)

โˆ™ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์  ํŒ๋‹จ์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ •

์—์„œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Page 108: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

108 ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„

โˆ™ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์€ ํƒ€ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๋Š” ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ

๋กœ ๊ฐ๋…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โˆ™ ๊ณต์‹œ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋ณด ๋ถ€์กฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ „ ์˜ˆ

๋ฐฉ์  ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ๋…์ฒด๊ณ„๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์ „์  ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์ œ๋„์˜ ์ •์ฐฉ)

โˆ™ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ข‹์€ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ณผ

์ •๊ณผ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โˆ™ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฐ๋…์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ธํ”„๋ผ๊ฐ€ ํ™•๋Œ€ ๊ตฌ์ถ•

๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (๊ฐ๋…์กฐ์ง์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ™”, ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ํŒจ๋„์˜ ๊ตฌ์ถ•, ์ค‘๊ฒฌ ๊ฐ๋…์ธ์›์˜ ์ถฉ์›

ํ•„์š”)

์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ๋„์  ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โˆ™ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํŒ์ •์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋ฐฉ์–ด๊ถŒ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฆ๊ถŒ

์„ ๋ฌผ์œ„์›ํšŒ ์กฐ์น˜์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ์—ด๋žŒ๋ณต์‚ฌ์ฒญ๊ตฌ๊ถŒ ๋ณด

์žฅ, ์ „๋ฉด์  ๋Œ€์‹ฌ์ œ ์‹ค์‹œ, ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ฌธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™” ๋“ฑ)

โˆ™ ๊ณ ์˜์  ์œ„๋ฒ•ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ช…ํ™•์„ฑ์˜ ์›์น™์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ํŒ๋‹จ์ฒด๊ณ„

๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โˆ™ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ์–‘์ •๊ธฐ์ค€์— ์ •ํ†ตํ•œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค๋กœ ํšŒ๊ณ„์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ์ „

๋ฌธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (ํšŒ๊ณ„์‹ฌํŒ์›์˜ ์„ค๋ฆฝ ์ถ”์ง„)

์ด ์š”์•ฝ์„œ์™€ ์ •์ฑ… ์ œ์–ธ์ด ๊ทœ์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ฒด๊ณ„์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์›์น™

์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž€๋‹ค.

Page 109: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 109

์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ

Ahmed, A. S., M. Neel, and D. Wang. 2013. Does mandatory adoption of IFRS

improve accounting quality? Preliminary evidence. Contemporary Accounting

Research 30(4): 1344-1372.

Ball, R. 2006. International financial reporting standards (IFRS): pros and cons for

investors. Accounting and Business Research 36: 5-27.

Barth, M., W. Landsman, and M. Lang. 2008. International Accounting Standards

and Accounting Quality. Journal of Accounting Research 46: 467-498.

Barth, M., W. Landsman, M. Lang, and C. Williams. 2012. Are IFRS-based and

US GAAP-based accounting amounts comparable? Journal of Accounting and

Economics 54: 68-93.

Black, J., M. Hopper, and C. Band. 2007. Making a success of principles-based

regulation. Law and Financial Markets Review 1(3): 191-206.

Braun, G. P., C. M. Haynes, T. D. Lewis, and M. H. Taylor. 2015. Principles-based

vs. rules-based accounting standards: The effects of auditee proposed

accounting treatment and regulatory enforcement on auditor judgments and

confidence. Research in Accounting Regulation 27(1): 45-50.

Brown, P., and A. Tarca. 2005. A commentary on issues relating to the enforcement

of International Financial Reporting Standards in the EU. European Accounting

Review 14(1): 181-212.

Callao, S., and J. I. Jarne. 2010. Have IFRS affected earnings management in the

European Union? Accounting in Europe 7(2): 159-189.

Cascino, S., and J. Gassen. 2010. Mandatory IFRS adoption and accounting

comparability. Working Paper.

Cohen, J. R., G. Krishnamoorthy, M. Peytcheva, and A. M. Wright. 2013. How

does the strength of the financial regulatory regime influence auditorsโ€™

judgments to constrain aggressive reporting in a principles-based versus

rules-based accounting environment? Accounting Horizons 27(3): 579-601.

Page 110: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

110 ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„

Daske, H., L. Hail, C. Leuz, and R. Verdi. 2008. Mandatory IFRS reporting around

the world: Early evidence on the economic consequences. Journal of

Accounting Research 46: 1085-1142.

De George, E. T., C. B. Ferguson, and N. A. Spear. 2013. How much does IFRS

Cost? IFRS adoption and audit fees. The Accounting Review 88(2): 429-462.

DiPiazza, S., T. Flynn, D. McDonnell, J. Quigley, F. Samyn, and J. Turley. 2008.

Principles-based accounting standards. Global Public Policy Symposium

Report.

Ernstberger, J., M. Stich, and O. Vogler. 2012. Economic consequences of

accounting enforcement reforms: the case of Germany. European accounting

review 21(2): 217-251.

Fรฉdรฉration des Experts Comptables Europรฉens. 2002. Discussion paper on

enforcement of IFRS with Europe.

Financial Accounting Standards Board. 2003. Principles-based approach to U.S.

standard setting (File Reference No. 1125-001).

Gray, S. J., K. Nagata, M. Nakamura, and C. Ozu. 2019. Voluntary Adoption of

IFRS: What Motivates Japanese Firms to Voluntarily Adopt IFRS? available at:

https://ssrn.com/abstract=3364253.

Kim, J., and H. Shi. 2012. Voluntary IFRS adoption, analyst coverage, and

information quality: International evidence. Journal of International Accounting

Research 11(1): 45-76.

Lang, M., M. Maffett, and E. Owens. 2010. Earnings Comovement and Accounting

Comparability: the Effects of Mandatory IFRS Adoption. Working paper. The

University of North Carolina, The University of Chicago, and University of

Rochester.

McEnroe, J. E., and M. Sullivan. 2013. An examination of the perceptions of auditors

and chief financial officers regarding principles versus rules based accounting

standards. Research in Accounting Regulation 25(2): 196-207.

Schipper, K. 2003. Principles-based accounting standards. Accounting Horizons

17(1): 61-72.

SEC. 2004. Study pursuant to Section 108(d) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

on the adoption by the United States financial reporting system of a

principles-based accounting system.

Page 111: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 111

<๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ>

๊ธˆ์œต๊ฐ๋…์›. 2017. 2017๋…„๋„ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ๋ฆฌ์—…๋ฌด ์šด์˜๊ณ„ํš.

๊ธˆ์œต๊ฐ๋…์›. 2018. 2018๋…„๋„ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ๋ฆฌ์—…๋ฌด ์šด์˜๊ณ„ํš.

๊น€๊ฒฝํƒœ. 2014. K-IFRS ์ œ๋„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์ด ์ด์ต์กฐ์ •์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ: ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์ธ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ.

ํšŒ๊ณ„ยท์„ธ๋ฌด์™€ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(์ œ56๊ถŒ ์ œ1ํ˜ธ): 117-146.

๋ฐฐ๊ธธ์ˆ˜ยท์ด์žฌ์€. 2013. ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ๋ฆฌ์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ. ํšŒ๊ณ„์ €๋„(์ œ22๊ถŒ ์ œ2ํ˜ธ):

23-60.

์„œ์›์ •. 2009. IFRS ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋„์ž…์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ. IFRS ๋„์ž…์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ๋…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ

์‹ฌํฌ์ง€์—„ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ.

์ด์žฌ์€ยท์ด์˜ํ•œ. 2018. ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ๋ฆฌ์ œ๋„ ์„ ์ง„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ

์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ. ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณต์ธํšŒ๊ณ„์‚ฌํšŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ.

์ด์ถฉํ›ˆ. 2018. IFRS์‹œ๋Œ€ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ๋ฆฌ์ ˆ์ฐจ์™€ ์กฐ์น˜์–‘์ •๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ์–ธ. ์›”๊ฐ„

๊ณต์ธํšŒ๊ณ„์‚ฌ(์ œ305๊ถŒ): 44-49.

์ •ํƒœ๋ฒ”. 2013. ๊ตญ์ œํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ๋„์ž…๊ณผ ์ด์ต์กฐ์ •. ํšŒ๊ณ„ (์ œ22๊ถŒ ์ œ1ํ˜ธ): 327-348.

์กฐ์„ฑํ‘œยท๋ฐ•์„ ์˜ยทํ•˜์„ํƒœยท๊น€ํ˜„์•„. 2013. IFRS ๋„์ž…์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์˜์—…์†์‹ค์˜ ํ‘์ž์ „

ํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋ณธ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘. ํšŒ๊ณ„ํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ(์ œ38๊ถŒ ์ œ4ํ˜ธ): 261-295.

์กฐ์ค‘ํฌ. 2019. ์›์น™์ค‘์‹ฌํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€? - ์‚ผ์„ฑ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋กœ์ง์Šค ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—

๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ† ๋ก . ํ•œ๊ตญํšŒ๊ณ„ํ•™ํšŒ ํ•™์ˆ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ง‘(์ œ2ํ˜ธ): 1-36.

์ตœ์„œ์•„ยท์ตœ๊ตญํ˜„. 2015. ํ•œ๊ตญ์ฑ„ํƒ๊ตญ์ œํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€(K-IFRS)์˜ ๋„์ž…์€ ํšŒ๊ณ„ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œ

ํ‚ค๋Š”๊ฐ€? - ์ž๋ณธ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ถ„์„. ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ๋…ผ์ง‘(์ œ29๊ถŒ ์ œ2

ํ˜ธ): 197-230.

ํ•œ์ข…์ˆ˜. 2018. IFRS ์‹œํ–‰ ์•„๋ž˜ ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ. ์ œ3ํšŒ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์›Œํฌ์ˆ.

Page 112: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG
Page 113: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG

PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTINGWe must strike flint to start fire

์ธ์‡„/2021. 3.

๋ฐœํ–‰/2021. 3.

๋ฐœํ–‰์ธ/๊น€์˜ํ˜•

๋ฐœํ–‰์ฒ˜/์‚ฌ๋‹จ๋ฒ•์ธ ํ•œ๊ตญํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์›

ํŽธ์ง‘ยท์ธ์‡„/์‹ ์˜์‚ฌ(031-946-2894)

์‹ ๊ณ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ/์ œ2005-000055ํ˜ธ

์‹ ๊ณ ์ผ์ž/2005. 3. 23.

KCCI Bldg 4th Flr,

39, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu,

Seoul 04513, South Korea

Telephone : (+82-2) 6050-0150

Fax : (+82-2) 6050-0170

Email : [email protected]

Web : www.kasb.or.kr

์ด ์ฑ…์˜ ํŒ๊ถŒ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์›์ด ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ

๋ฌด๋‹จ ์ „์žฌ ๋ฐ ๋ณต์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Copyright โ“’ 2021 by Korea Accounting Institute

All rights reserved

Printed in Korea.

ISBN 979-11-86085-26-4 93320

Page 114: PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING - AOSSG