principles for a mangrove code of conduct, center aarhus and isme project mainstreaming conservation...

Principles for a Mangrove Code of Conduct, cenTER Aarhus and ISMEPrinciples for a Mangrove Code of Conduct, cenTER Aarhus and ISME

PROJECTPROJECTMainstreaming Mainstreaming

Conservation of Coastal Conservation of Coastal Biodiversity through Biodiversity through

Formulation of a Code Formulation of a Code of Conduct for of Conduct for

Sustainable Sustainable Management of Management of

Mangrove EcosystemsMangrove Ecosystems

Centre for Tropical Ecosystems Research (cenTER Aarhus) University of Aarhus, Denmark

and International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems (ISME),

Okinawa, Japan

ContentContent

Brief HistoryBrief History MethodologyMethodology Current StatusCurrent Status Current ActivitiesCurrent Activities


Brief HistoryBrief History

A desk review was undertaken in January-February 2001 on A desk review was undertaken in January-February 2001 on mangrove biodiversity and conservation to formulate mangrove biodiversity and conservation to formulate information and guidance materials as the basis for information and guidance materials as the basis for developing a Code of Conduct for Sustainable Mangrove developing a Code of Conduct for Sustainable Mangrove Forest Management (the Code) for World Bank staff, Forest Management (the Code) for World Bank staff, development partners, and clients. development partners, and clients.


Brief HistoryBrief History

A draft review was submitted to the World Bank in March A draft review was submitted to the World Bank in March 2001.2001.

The review was supported by model country case studies The review was supported by model country case studies from Malaysia and Thailand and later, the Philippines.from Malaysia and Thailand and later, the Philippines.

The country case studies were based on a structured The country case studies were based on a structured template and were prepared by national experts assisted template and were prepared by national experts assisted by the consultants.by the consultants.

Originally intended as a field tool, it was then decided to Originally intended as a field tool, it was then decided to expand this work into a broader, practical Code of expand this work into a broader, practical Code of Conduct for use by all mangrove managersConduct for use by all mangrove managers..

Citation: Macintosh DJ and Ashton EC (2002). A Review of Mangrove Citation: Macintosh DJ and Ashton EC (2002). A Review of Mangrove Biodiversity Conservation and Management. Centre for Tropical Biodiversity Conservation and Management. Centre for Tropical Ecosystems Research, University of Aarhus, Denmark (PDF File)Ecosystems Research, University of Aarhus, Denmark (PDF File)


Program of Activities to Program of Activities to prepare the Draft Code of prepare the Draft Code of ConductConduct The workThe work was was undertaken by consultants from undertaken by consultants from

ISME (International Society for Mangrove ISME (International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems, based in Okinawa Japan) in Ecosystems, based in Okinawa Japan) in association with association with ccenTER AarhusenTER Aarhus (Centre for (Centre for Tropical Ecosystems Research, University of Tropical Ecosystems Research, University of Aarhus, Denmark).Aarhus, Denmark).

ISME operates four regional centres in Brazil, ISME operates four regional centres in Brazil, Fiji, Ghana, and India, while Fiji, Ghana, and India, while ccenTER AarhusenTER Aarhus has has offices in Bangkokoffices in Bangkok ( (ThailandThailand), Hanoi (Vietnam) ), Hanoi (Vietnam) and Canthoand Cantho ( (VietnamVietnam)). .


WORKPLANWORKPLAN

Four Tasks (Activities) are specified:Four Tasks (Activities) are specified: ACTIVITY 1ACTIVITY 1

– Complete Case Studies for 11 more countries (total 14)Complete Case Studies for 11 more countries (total 14)

ACTIVITY 2ACTIVITY 2– Consult policy makers, managers and mangrove experts to Consult policy makers, managers and mangrove experts to

prioritize topics for a draft Code of Conduct.prioritize topics for a draft Code of Conduct.

ACTIVITY 3ACTIVITY 3– Undertake 3 regional workshops for South and Southeast Undertake 3 regional workshops for South and Southeast

Asia, Africa and Central and South AmericaAsia, Africa and Central and South America

ACTIVITY 4ACTIVITY 4– Formulate a draft Code of Conduct for consideration by WB, Formulate a draft Code of Conduct for consideration by WB,

other agencies and governmentsother agencies and governments


14 Country Case Studies were 14 Country Case Studies were proposedproposed(i.e. 3 from the review phase, plus 11 additional (i.e. 3 from the review phase, plus 11 additional

countries)countries) South and Southeast AsiaSouth and Southeast Asia BangladeshBangladesh IndiaIndia Malaysia Malaysia PhilippinesPhilippines ThailandThailand VietnamVietnam

an Australian Case Study an Australian Case Study was also added in was also added in January 2006January 2006


Country Case StudiesCountry Case Studies

AfricaAfrica BeninBenin GhanaGhana KenyaKenya MozambiqueMozambique SenegalSenegal


Country Case StudiesCountry Case Studies

Central and South AmericaCentral and South America BrazilBrazil Colombia Colombia EcuadorEcuador NicaraguaNicaragua (not started) (not started)


Country Case Study Country Case Study TemplateTemplate

1.1. Brief background to the countryBrief background to the country– Regional setting Regional setting – SizeSize– HistoryHistory– PopulationPopulation– Mangrove resources and Mangrove resources and

biodiversitybiodiversity


2.2. Give examples of the cross-sectoral issues involved in Give examples of the cross-sectoral issues involved in mangrove managementmangrove management

– ForestryForestry– Fisheries Fisheries – Aquaculture Aquaculture – Other sectors (e.g. agriculture, mining)Other sectors (e.g. agriculture, mining)– Coastal protectionCoastal protection– Tourism and recreation Tourism and recreation – Biodiversity conservationBiodiversity conservation– Research and educationResearch and education– OthersOthers




3.3. Provide information on the existing legislationProvide information on the existing legislation– Regulatory frameworksRegulatory frameworks– Laws and legal statusLaws and legal status– Zoning plansZoning plans– Any other actions enacted by governments to Any other actions enacted by governments to

protect mangroves protect mangroves

(Copies of any written legislation covering mangrove wetlands would be very helpful).(Copies of any written legislation covering mangrove wetlands would be very helpful).



4.4. Institutional responsibilities for mangroves Institutional responsibilities for mangroves

5.5. Implementation IssuesImplementation Issues– Are the policy measures working well, or is

enforcement and/or other measures still inadequate?



6.6. Co-operation, feedback mechanisms and Co-operation, feedback mechanisms and mmonitoringonitoring Co-management and other initiativesCo-management and other initiatives Role of major stakeholders. Explain how far consultation and co-Role of major stakeholders. Explain how far consultation and co-

operation among the main stakeholders haoperation among the main stakeholders haveve been achieved to been achieved to date, namely:date, namely:

– Government departments and agenciesGovernment departments and agencies– Local coastal communitiesLocal coastal communities– Private sector interestsPrivate sector interests– NGOs NGOs – International community and agenciesInternational community and agencies



7.7. Other problemsOther problems//constraintsconstraints or achievements or achievements


Conducted 3 Regional Conducted 3 Regional Consultation Workshops Consultation Workshops

Ghana, Brazil, ThailandGhana, Brazil, Thailand

Each regional workshop brought together 8-10 national Each regional workshop brought together 8-10 national representatives and mangrove experts from each of the representatives and mangrove experts from each of the three regions, in order to combine knowledge of the legal three regions, in order to combine knowledge of the legal framework for mangroves in each country with practical framework for mangroves in each country with practical experiences experiences fromfrom mangrove ecosystem management. mangrove ecosystem management.


Present StatusPresent Status

Based on the work-plan, plus follow-up consultations with Based on the work-plan, plus follow-up consultations with participants from the three Regional Workshops, the Draft Code participants from the three Regional Workshops, the Draft Code of Conduct developed into a document with 15 major Articles, of Conduct developed into a document with 15 major Articles, plus introductory sections, a glossary of terminology used in plus introductory sections, a glossary of terminology used in mangrove management, and a reference list.mangrove management, and a reference list.

This draft document was then reviewed during a final workshop This draft document was then reviewed during a final workshop in Washington DC, 16-17 September 2003.in Washington DC, 16-17 September 2003.

The Washington workshop recommended that the consultation The Washington workshop recommended that the consultation process should continue and be diversified (e.g. to more process should continue and be diversified (e.g. to more actively include NGO’s, as well as inputs from additional actively include NGO’s, as well as inputs from additional regions).regions).


Draft Code of ConductDraft Code of ConductPrepared byPrepared by Macintosh D. J. and Ashton E. C.Macintosh D. J. and Ashton E. C.

Table of ContentsTable of Contents PrefacePreface IntroductionIntroduction Principle Principle 1: 1: Mangrove Management ObjectivesMangrove Management Objectives Principle 2Principle 2: : Precautionary ApproachPrecautionary Approach to management to management Principle 3Principle 3: : Legal FrameworkLegal Framework Principle 4Principle 4: : ImplementationImplementation Principle 5Principle 5: : Mangrove Inventory for managementMangrove Inventory for management Principle 6Principle 6: : Socio-Economic ConsiderationsSocio-Economic Considerations Principle 7Principle 7: : Cultural and Cultural and communitycommunity Issues Issues Principle 8Principle 8: : Capacity DevelopmentCapacity Development Principle 9Principle 9: : Forestry/SilvicultureForestry/Silviculture management management Principle 10Principle 10: : Fisheries and Aquaculture Fisheries and Aquaculture Principle 11Principle 11: : Agriculture, Salt production and miningAgriculture, Salt production and mining Principle 12Principle 12: : Tourism, Recreation and EducationTourism, Recreation and Education Principle 13Principle 13: : Mangrove Products and ResponsibleMangrove Products and Responsible TradeTrade Principle 14Principle 14 Mangrove ResearchMangrove Research and information exchange and information exchange Principle 15Principle 15: : Integration of Mangrove Management into Coastal Area ManagementIntegration of Mangrove Management into Coastal Area Management GlossaryGlossary ReferencesReferences


Current ObjectivesCurrent Objectives

1.1. Continue to develop additional or alternative practical examples of Continue to develop additional or alternative practical examples of mangrove management to illustrate the Principles.mangrove management to illustrate the Principles.

2.2. Develop mechanisms to ensure that the Principles are widely Develop mechanisms to ensure that the Principles are widely accepted and used to support sustainable management of accepted and used to support sustainable management of mangrove ecosystems.mangrove ecosystems.

3.3. Support the adaptation and use of the Code of Conduct as a tool, Support the adaptation and use of the Code of Conduct as a tool, particularly at the national to local community levels.particularly at the national to local community levels.

3.3. Formal recognition and /or adoption of the Principles by Formal recognition and /or adoption of the Principles by International organizations (e.g. Ramsar, FAO, WWF, IUCN)International organizations (e.g. Ramsar, FAO, WWF, IUCN)


Field testing of the Field testing of the Principles in Vietnam and Principles in Vietnam and BrazilBrazil

Women collecting oysters Women collecting oysters in the Mangrove in Brazilin the Mangrove in Brazil

Replanted Mangrove, Red River Delta, Vietnam



It is intended that the It is intended that the Principles will be adapted for Principles will be adapted for use by each countryuse by each country

Field testing of the Principles is on-going in Vietnam and Brazil



VIETNAMVIETNAM Translation and adaptation of the Principles for VietnamTranslation and adaptation of the Principles for Vietnam Stakeholder workshop and presentation of the Principles in Stakeholder workshop and presentation of the Principles in

northern Vietnam, October 2005northern Vietnam, October 2005 Field testing by selected stakeholders, managers in 4 coastal Field testing by selected stakeholders, managers in 4 coastal

communes in Thai Binh and Nam Dinh Provincescommunes in Thai Binh and Nam Dinh Provinces Collation of feedback Collation of feedback

BRAZIL• A discussion and adoptation process has been initiated with key Brazilian NGO‘s to develop a fully participatory Code of Conduct


RationaleRationale

We are looking from comments from Mangrove Experts, Local We are looking from comments from Mangrove Experts, Local Decision Makers and NGO’s, and people with an interest in Decision Makers and NGO’s, and people with an interest in mangrove conservation and protection.mangrove conservation and protection.

Please provide us with your E-mail address and we will send you Please provide us with your E-mail address and we will send you a file copy to comment on of the FULL Principles document or a file copy to comment on of the FULL Principles document or the simple and condensed Vietnamese language version.the simple and condensed Vietnamese language version.

Please provide your e-mail adr to – Thomas Nielsen Please provide your e-mail adr to – Thomas Nielsen ([email protected]). ([email protected]).


Feedback received to dateFeedback received to date

FAOFAO IUCN BangladeshIUCN Bangladesh Centre for African WetlandsCentre for African Wetlands South Asia Cooperative Environment Program, Sri LankaSouth Asia Cooperative Environment Program, Sri Lanka Coastal Poor Development Action Network, Chennai IndiaCoastal Poor Development Action Network, Chennai India Marine and Coastal Program, UNEP/WCMCMarine and Coastal Program, UNEP/WCMC UNEP AfricaUNEP Africa National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) RAMSARRAMSAR Sunderbans Biodiversity Conservation Project (SBCP)Sunderbans Biodiversity Conservation Project (SBCP) Struggle to Economise Future Environments (SEFE) Cameroon Struggle to Economise Future Environments (SEFE) Cameroon United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWF)United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWF) Wetland Forest Peoples Programme, UK Wetland Forest Peoples Programme, UK Lewis Environmental ConsultantsLewis Environmental Consultants Other private and institutional consultantsOther private and institutional consultants


Feedback received to date Feedback received to date (contd)(contd)

Terramar (NGO), BrazilTerramar (NGO), Brazil Federal University of ParáFederal University of Pará, Brazil, Brazil Bio-Terra, Maranhao Bio-Terra, Maranhao (NGO), Brazil(NGO), Brazil Red Manglar (NGO), EcuadorRed Manglar (NGO), Ecuador Association of the Artisanal fisheries of Angoche District Association of the Artisanal fisheries of Angoche District

(NGO) , Mozambique (NGO) , Mozambique Community Council of the Fisheries in Angoche District (NGO) , Community Council of the Fisheries in Angoche District (NGO) ,

Mozambique Mozambique Reserva Especial de Marromeu (NGO) , Mozambique Reserva Especial de Marromeu (NGO) , Mozambique Ministry for Coordination of Environmental Affairs , Mozambique Ministry for Coordination of Environmental Affairs , Mozambique Ministry of Agriculture , Mozambique Ministry of Agriculture , Mozambique National Directorate for Conservation Areas , Mozambique National Directorate for Conservation Areas , Mozambique WWF, MozambiqueWWF, Mozambique


Feedback received to date Feedback received to date (contd)(contd)

Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Corporation Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Corporation (SEAFDEC)(SEAFDEC)

Thailand Environment Institute (NGO)Thailand Environment Institute (NGO) Department of Marine and Coastal ResourcesDepartment of Marine and Coastal Resources, Thailand, Thailand Representatives from coastal communities in ThailandRepresentatives from coastal communities in Thailand Mangrove Ecosystem Research Division, Vietnam National Mangrove Ecosystem Research Division, Vietnam National

University, VietnamUniversity, Vietnam Center for Environmental Research and Education, VietnamCenter for Environmental Research and Education, Vietnam Vietnamese Red Cross, VietnamVietnamese Red Cross, Vietnam International Federation of the Red Cross (IFRC) VietnamInternational Federation of the Red Cross (IFRC) Vietnam CARE Vietnam (NGO)CARE Vietnam (NGO) Local representatives from several coastal communities in Local representatives from several coastal communities in

north Vietnamnorth Vietnam Research Network for Development Research, DenmarkResearch Network for Development Research, Denmark


Suggestion for handling Suggestion for handling commentscomments

Specific comments on articles, case studies (corrections, Specific comments on articles, case studies (corrections, additions)additions)

Suggested improvements to boxed examples illustrating Suggested improvements to boxed examples illustrating mangrove management experiencesmangrove management experiences

Technical issues and ”how to do” material suitable for a Technical issues and ”how to do” material suitable for a manual on mangrove management manual on mangrove management

Institutional collaboration, ownership, adoption of the code Institutional collaboration, ownership, adoption of the code and related procedural mattersand related procedural matters

Other suggestions related to follow up activitiesOther suggestions related to follow up activities


To Download DRAFT CODE and Regional Workshop Reports, as well as comments from other International Organizations go to:

http://mit.biology.au.dk/cenTER/MCB_2004.htm

Comments to:Professor Donald J. MacintoshCentre for Tropical Ecosystems Research (cenTER)University of Aarhus, DenmarkE-mail: [email protected]

Mr Thomas Nielsen (cenTER Manager)Centre for Tropical Ecosystems Research (cenTER)University of Aarhus, DenmarkE-mail: [email protected]

All e-mails to be copied to:World Bank Task Team Manager – Ron Zweig E-mail: [email protected]


Do Not Cut the Do Not Cut the Mangrove!Mangrove!


To Download DRAFT CODE and Regional Workshop Reports, as well as comments from other International Organizations, go to:

http://mit.biology.au.dk/cenTER/MCB_2004.htm

Comments to:Professor Donald J. MacintoshCentre for Tropical Ecosystems Research (cenTER)University of Aarhus, DenmarkE-mail: [email protected]

Mr Thomas Nielsen (cenTER Manager)Centre for Tropical Ecosystems Research (cenTER)University of Aarhus, DenmarkE-mail: [email protected]

All e-mails to be copied to:World Bank Task Team Manager – Ron Zweig E-mail: [email protected]


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