Chapter 3 Tissues

1

CHAPTER 3Tissue

Copyright © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Principles ofHuman Anatomy

Eleventh Edition

Principles ofHuman Anatomy

Eleventh EditionGerard J. Tortora

&

Mark T. Nielsen

4 Principle Tissue Types4 Principle Tissue Typesn Epithelial tissue

n Covering and liningn Glandular

n Connective tissuen Highly variablen Most abundant tissue type

n Muscular tissuen 3 major typesn Produce force through contraction

n Nervous tissuen Generate electrical signalsn Coordinate body activities (communication)

Cell JunctionsCell Junctionsn Tight Junctions

n Fluid tight seals

n Anchoring junctionsn plaque proteinsn Adherinsn Desmosomesn Hemidesmosomes

n Gap junctionsn Connexins – proteinn Connexons – tunneln Cellular communication

Epithelial Tissue: General Epithelial Tissue: General FeaturesFeatures

n Closely packed cellsn Continuous sheetsn Apical and basal

surfacesn Many cell junctionsn Avascularn Basement membranen Good nerve supplyn Regenerates easily

Epithelial Tissue: NamingEpithelial Tissue: Naming Types of EpitheliaTypes of Epithelian Simple epithelium

n Simple squamous epitheliumn Simple cuboidal epitheliumn Simple columnar epithelium*n Pseudostratified columnar epithelium*

n Stratified epitheliumn Stratified squamous epithelium**n Stratified cuboidal epithelium**n Stratified columnar epithelium**n Transitional epithelium

n *Both ciliated and non-ciliated forms existn **Name is based on the shape of the cells in the apical layer

Chapter 3 Tissues

2

03_table_01a03_table_01a 03_table_01b03_table_01b

03_table_01e03_table_01e 03_table_01f03_table_01f

Chapter 3 Tissues

3

03_table_01g03_table_01g 03_table_01h03_table_01h

03_table_01i03_table_01i 03_table_0203_table_02

MembranesMembranesn Mucous membranes

n Lines a body cavity that opens directly to the exterior

n Serous membranesn Lines a body cavity

that does NOT open directly to the exterior

n Cutaneous – skinn Synovial membranes

n Lack epithelium

Connective Tissues: General Connective Tissues: General FeaturesFeatures

n Basic elements: cells and matrixn Matrix = fibers and ground substance

n Matrix usually secreted by cellsn Except blood

n Not occurring on free surfacesn Except joint cavities

n Good nerve supplyn Except cartilage

n Good blood supplyn Except cartilage

Chapter 3 Tissues

4

Cells of Connective TissueCells of Connective Tissuen Blasts – immature cells (mitotic) eg. osteoblastn Cytes – mature (lose mitotic ability) eg.

osteocyte or adipocyten Fibroblasts – secrete matrix componentsn Macrophages – develop from monocytes

n Phagocytosisn Plasma cells – make antibodiesn Mast cells – inflammatory response

n Produce histamine

Connective Tissue MatrixConnective Tissue Matrixn Ground substance - fluid, gel or hard

n Hyaluronic acidn Chondroitin sulfaten Mineral salts

n Fibers – provide strength & supportn Collagen – 5 types

n Most abundant protein in the bodyn Elastic – elastin

n Allows for stretching e.g. skin, blood vessels and lungsn Reticular – collagen with glycoprotein cover

n Framework of organs (stroma)

Cells and Matrix of CTCells and Matrix of CT Connective Tissue: Connective Tissue: ClassificationsClassifications

n Loose CTn Areolar CTn Adipose (Fat)n Reticular CT

n Dense CTn Dense regular CTn Dense irregular CTn Elastic CT

n Cartilagen Hyaline cartilagen Fibrocartilagen Elastic Cartilage

n Bonen Blood

03_table_04b03_table_04b

Chapter 3 Tissues

5

03_table_04g03_table_04g 03_table_04h03_table_04h

Chapter 3 Tissues

6

03_table_04j03_table_04j

03_table_04k03_table_04k Muscle TissueMuscle Tissuen Contracts and produces forcen 3 types

n Skeletal musclen Striatedn Voluntary

n Cardiac musclen Striatedn Involuntary

n Smooth musclen Not striatedn involuntary

03_table_05a03_table_05a

Chapter 3 Tissues

7

03_table_05c03_table_05c Nervous TissueNervous Tissue

n Sensitive to stimulin Generate electrical signalsn Sends messages to tissues/organsn 2 cell types

n Neuronsn Neuroglia (glial cells)

n Support neurons

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectivesn List the 4 principle tissue typesn Describe the different types of cell junctionsn Know the general characteristics of

epithelial tissuen Describe how epithelial tissues are

classifiedn Describe the different specific types of

epithelial tissues and know a location and a function for each

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectivesn Describe the general features of connective

tissuen Describe the different cell types found in

connective tissuen Name the components of tissue matrix and list

examples of eachn Describe the classification of connective tissuen Describe the different specific types of

connective tissues and know a location and a function for each

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

n Name and describe the 4 types of muscle tissue

n Describe the general feature of muscle tissue

n Name the cell types found in nervous tissue

n Describe the general features of nervous tissue