principles of agriculture, food, and natural resources 12 – technical knowledge and skills related...

PRINCIPLES OF AGRICULTURE, FOOD, AND NATURAL RESOURCES

12 – TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS RELATED TO ANIMAL SCIENCE

C- BREEDS AND CLASSES OF LIVESTOCK

An Overview of thePoultry Industry

TEA Educational Excellence Project 2015

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Structure of the Poultry Industry

Vertical integration: all aspects of the industry are owned by the same company

For example: Tyson or Sanderson Farms own their own feed mill, hatchery, and processing plants, trucking fleet, employ their own veterinarians, etc.

No middle man; reduces costs of paying a third party

TEA Educational Excellence Project 2015 3


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Broiler Industry

Today, almost all market broilers are raised in large operations

The term broiler refers to chickens which finish about 7-8 weeks of age and are raised for meat

Broilers are being developed to finish more quickly


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Broiler Houses

raised in large houses where the birds spend most of their lives

designed to provide the ultimate in environmental conditions for the comfort of the birds.

generally lighted 24 hours a day

helps cut down on cannibalism


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Broiler Production

Meat-type birdsBreed cross- White Cornish x White Plymouth

RockGo to market at 6-7weeks of ageMales weigh about 7 lbsFemales weigh about 5Birds are mostly whiteAmericans consume about 88 lbs./year of

broilers per capita


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Egg Production

White Leghorn breedOnly used for egg productionSexually mature at 20 weeks of ageWeigh about 3.5 lbsLay 250 eggs a yearAmericans consume about 250 eggs per

capita annually


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Turkey Industry

The sale of turkey is second to chicken in the overall sale of poultry meat.

Turkey represents a high quality, low cost, nutritious source of food protein.

One third of all turkey sales occur during the weeks around Thanksgiving and Christmas.


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Turkey Industry

The modern market turkey is a descendant of the wild turkey and is result of a mutation which left out the gene for feather and skin pigmentation.

Heavy muscled, broad breasted birds have been developed.

Most market turkeys are white-feathered


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Turkey Production

Broad-Breasted White breed or strainMeat productionMarket at 20-24 weeks of ageMales at 45 lbsFemales at 30 lbsAmericans consume approximately 20 lbs of

turkey per capita annuallyNatural mating is difficult due to the weight of

the birdsTurkey breeder females are bred artificially –

AI’ed


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Where are the birds?


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Ticket out of the Door

1. Mr. Jones just bought a White Leghorn for his chicken operation. What type of production is the White Leghorn used for?

2. Your dad just bought a White Cornish male x White Plymouth Rock cross. He’s not sure what he should use this chicken for. What do you think?

3. Mrs. Dillon owns a poultry operation. He produces meat type birds that reach about 5-7 lbs. at market weight. What type of operation is this?

4. Johnny lives in the top producing broiler state. He always drives around sees chicken houses and long metal buildings. He also smells them quite often. In what state does Johnny live?

5. Tiffany lives in the top turkey producing state. Turkeys are always a popular product at Tiffany’s Thanksgiving and Christmas celebrations. In what state does Tiffany live?


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TEA © 2015

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principles of agriculture, food, and natural resources 12 – technical knowledge and skills related...

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