principles of feedback control mafuyu kitahara english theme8 2006-05-08 summary of chapter 2,...
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Principles of Feedback Control
Mafuyu KitaharaEnglish Theme8
2006-05-08
Summary of Chapter 2, Carver & Scheier (1998), On the Self-Regulation of Behavior, Cambridge Univ. Press.
Feedback control
Goal of Chapter 2To show abstract princplesExamples from domains other than psychology
Feedback processControl of regulation of values within a systemCybernetics: coined by Wiener (1948)BackgroundFirst computer in history: ENIAC (1946)Information science: bit, entropy, noiseSystems without internal control: e.g., clock, camera
Negative feedback (1)
Concept4 elements: input, reference, comparator, output
Negative feedback (2)
Example: thermostat
Effect on evironment? Output has indirect connection with input
Additional issues (1)
Sloppy vs. Tight controlhow precisely the comparator worksThermostat: 0.01, 0.1, or 1 degree deviation?
Lag TimeOutput function cannot work immediatelyThermostat:
Slow heater (steam) vs. Quick heater (gas)
Additional issues (2)
Intermittent feedbackDiscontinuous:
Output side: heater is only ON or OFFInput side: sensor works occasionally
Continuous: Automatic steering system in a ship
Further constructs (1)
Positive feedback loops
Thermostat example: set goal as more than 20C (needs upper limit)
Further constructs (2)
Open loop systems
No checking on the consequencese.g. Spark plugs in a car engine
Order: prespecifiedTiming: depends on the speed
Useful for high-speed control Precise, No lag time, No intermittency
Not useful for psychology
Feedforward
Anticipatory outputBest estimate
First cycle No input is available
Interdependency
Interaction between feedback loopsNot explicitly connected but disturbing each other
Reference value and input function
Slow adjustment of reference valuee.g.
Sleep hours
Hierarchies
Superordinate and subordinate systemse.g., person and thermostat