principles of genetic engineering
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Principles of Genetic Engineering. What is genetic engineering. Genetic engineering, also known as recombinant DNA technology , means altering the genes in a living organism to produce a new genotype. Various kinds of genetic modification are possible: - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Principles of Genetic Engineering
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What is genetic engineering
Genetic engineering, also known as recombinant DNA technology, means altering the genes in a living organism to produce a new genotype.
Various kinds of genetic modification are possible: – inserting a foreign gene from one species into
another – altering an existing gene so that its product is
changed– changing gene expression so that it is translated
more often or not at all.
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Selective Breeding
Changing gene expression so that it is translated more often or not at all.Humans have been doing this for centuries.
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Cloning
A clone produces two organisms with exactly the same genes.Plants are easily cloned by vegetative propagation; cuttings, layering, etc.Animals can also be cloned. The diploid nucleus of and egg cell is replaced with the haploid nucleus of a body cell. Doesn’t work very well – too many genes are turned off.
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Making Recombinant DNA – Gene Splicing
1) Isolate pieces of DNA with desirable gene.2) Inserting DNA into host plasmid which is bacteria or a virus.3) Cloning vector.4 )Selecting clones with desired genes.
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Step 1: Isolating the gene
Proteins called “restriction enzymes” are used to cut the DNA into small pieces.
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Step 2: Inserting gene into vector
Vector – molecule of DNA which is used to carry a foreign gene into a host cell.
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Step 3: Cloning Vector
All genetically identical because of asexual reproductionhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zlqD4UWCuws
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Outcomes of Genetic Engineering
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Safety of Genetic Engineering
New kinds of organisms– New diseases– Epidemic
Healthcare– Insulin production for diabetics– Interferon– Fixing genetic defects
• Producing hormones or enzymeshttp://www.iptv.org/video/detail.cfm/3761/exm_20030905_ge_fullhttp://www.mnn.com/green-tech/research-innovations/photos/12-bizarre-examples-of-genetic-engineering/mad-science