principles of immunology t cell-mediated immunity 3/28/06
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Principles of Immunology T Cell-Mediated Immunity 3/28/06. “Each of us needs to be the change we wish to see in the world” Ghandi. Word/Terms List. ADCC Effector cells GVH reaction Perforin. T Cell-mediated Immunity. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Principles of ImmunologyT Cell-Mediated Immunity
3/28/06
“Each of us needs to be the change we wish to see in the world”
Ghandi
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Word/Terms List
ADCC Effector cells GVH reaction Perforin
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T Cell-mediated Immunity
Principal function-Response to intracellular pathogens and cells expressing foreign antigensRecirculation-Naïve T cells circulate
between the blood stream and the lymphatic system
Antigen presentation-Naïve T cell cells only respond to APCs
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Priming of T Cells Three types of effector T cells
CD8 (TC) CD4 (TH1) CD4 (TH2)
Each type Responds to different types of Ags Activated by different Ag presentation Has different effector function
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T Cell Effector Types CD8
Viruses and intracellular bacteria MHC I Cytotoxic effector cells
CD4 TH1 Bacteria and parasites in APCs MHC II Effectors activate macrophages, CTLs and induce B cells to
produce opsonins
CD4 TH2 Extracellular bacteria and toxin producers MHC II Activate B cells to produce multiple antibody classes
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T Cell Adhesion T cells pass through endothelial cells
(extravasation)
Endothelial cells and T cells both have cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)
Various CAMs
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Cell Adhesion Molecules Selectins
Mucins
Integrins
Immunoglobulin superfamily
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APCs Dendritic cells
Macrophages
B cells
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Dendritic Cells
Antigen presentation is sole function Antigenic uptake is followed by
migration to lymph nodes Expression of MHC I, MHC II and B7 Loses phagocytic property Secretes chemokines
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Macrophages
Involved in both innate and adaptive immunity
May destroy pathogens or present Ag to T cells
Expression of MHC I, MHC II and B7 Scavenges dead cells
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B Cells
Binds soluble antigens
Constitutively expresses MHC II
Induced to express B7
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NK Cells
~5% of lymphocytes Nonspecific cytotoxicity No TCR/CD3 Not MHC restricted No memory
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CTL Cytotoxicity
Conjugate formation Membrane attack Dissociation Target cell death
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Conjugate Formation
Cell adhesion Recognition of MHC I:Ag on target cell
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Membrane Attack
Granules in CTLs Perforin Granzymes
Exocytosis of granule contents Perforin action similar to C9 Granzymes act as nucleases
Fas ligand to Fas triggers target cell death
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Dissociation and Target Cell Death
CTL interacts for about five minutes Dissociates and can conjugate with
other target cells Target dies after several hours
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Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity
NK cells, macrophages, neutrophils Bind to Fc region of Ab Multiple cytotoxic mechanisms
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Graft vs. Host Reaction
Immunocompromised recipient Lymphocytes of donor attack
allogeneic antigens of recipient Splenomegaly