principles of infection control

8/19/2019 Principles of Infection Control

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By: Jesus Mario A. Lopez Jr., RN, RTRP


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- cide/cidal = whe a !illi" ac#io is i$plied:

Bac#ericide- !ills/des#roys %ac#eria

&u"icide ' !ills/des#roys (u"us

)er$icidal ' !ills/des#roys "er$s

*poricidal ' !ills/des#roys spores

Tu%erculocide- !ills/des#roys M. Tu%erculosis ad rela#ed$yco%ac#eriu$

+irucide ' !ills/des#roys iruses

- s#a#is/s#a#ic = whe #he or"ais$ is oly ihi%i#ed i

"row#h or pree#ed (ro$ reproduci":

Bac#erios#a#ic ' ihi%i#s/re#ards "row#h o( %ac#eria


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A#isep#ic ' opposes sepsis or pu#re(ac#io ei#her

!illi" $icroor"ais$ or %y pree#i" #heir"row#h (ree (ro$ lii" or"ais$.

A#isepsis ' pree#i" #he "row#h o( %ac#eria/s#oppi" %ac#erial ac#ii#y.

arrier - perso who har%ors #hespecic/i(ec#ious a"e# %u# 01N2T MAN3&4*Tay si"s ad sy$p#o$s o( #he disease #heyca %e #he *15R4 ad ca #ras$i# #he a"e#

#o ao#her suscep#i%le hos#.

leai" ' #he re$oal o( all (orei" $a##er suchas spu#u$, %lood, or"aic $a##er (ro$ a i#e$#ha# $i"h# proide a (aora%le eiro$e# (or

%ac#erial "row#h precedes s#eriliza#io.


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o$$ui#y-Ac6uired Peu$oia- occurri" wi#hi 78hours %e(ore hospi#al ad$issio i pa#ie#s wi#h ocri#eria (or heal#hcare-associa#ed peu$oia.

o$$uica%le 0isease ' is a illess due #o specici(ec#ious a"e#s or i#s #o9ic produc#s #ras$i##eddirec#ly/idirec#ly ca %e #ras$i##ed (ro$ oeperso #o ao#her.

o#ac# ' perso/ai$al who %ee presu$a%lye9posed wi#h a i(ec#ed perso/ai$al.

o#a"ious 0isease- a illess which arises oly #hru#he 03R4T #ras$issio o( a i(ec#ious a"e# ad4A*3L #ras$i##ed

0eco#a$ia#io ' #he process o( re$oi" aco#a$ia# %y che$ical/physical $eas.

0isi(ec#a# ' "er$icidal a"e# used o iai$a#eo%;ec#s

0isi(ec#io ' a process #ha# eli$ia#es e"e#a#ie,

pa#ho"eic $icroor"ais$s o iai$a#e o%;ec#s.


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0isi(es#a#io ' physical/che$ical procedures #ha#

seres #o des#roy udesira%le ai$al (or$s.&o$i#es ' o-lii" ehicles o( #ras$issio o(

i(ec#ious diseases.

3(ec#ious 0isease ' disease $a/ai$al resul#i" (ro$a i(ec#ious ori"i.

3asieess


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Medical Asepsis ' !illi"/ihi%i#i" o( pa#ho"eic

$icroor"ais$s #o pree# #heir #ras$issio(ro$ perso #o perso

Mode o( Tras$issio ' is #he $eas %y which #hei(ec#ious a"e#s passes (ro$ #he por#al o( e9i#

i #he reseroir #o #he suscep#i%le hos#.Nosoco$ial 3(ec#io - a i(ec#io ac6uired a(#er

hospi#aliza#io


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Por#al o( 49i# ' where i(ec#ious $icroor"ais$ ca

e9i# #he reseroir.uara#ie ' li$i#a#io o( $oe$e# o( a idiidual/s

or a co$$ui#y 4P1*40 #o #he i(ec#ious a"e# #opree# #he spread o( a i(ec#io pa#ie# 01N2T?A+4 AN MAN3&4*TAT31N.

Reseroir ' place where i(ec#ious a"e#s lie, $ul#iplyad deped (or surial i# ca iai$a#e o%;ec#s,hu$a ad ai$als.

*ai#iza#io ' ay process #ha# reduces #o#al %ac#erial

co#a$ia#io #o a leel cosis#e# wi#h sa(e#yhadli".

*ai#izer ' a a"e# #ha# reduces #he o. o( %ac#erial#o a sa(er leel (or hadli" o( $a#erial.


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*#eriliza#io ' o$ple#e des#ruc#io or iac#ia#io

o( all (or$s o( $icroor"ais$s:>. #he i$plica#io o( #he #er$ is a%solu#edes#ruc#io

C. *#erile- (ree (ro$ all lii" or"ais$s

*ur"ical Asepsis ' s#eriliza#io or deco#a$ia#ioo( i#e$s used i opera#i" roo$.

*uscep#i%le ?os# ' $a/ai$al who do o# haeresis#ace a"ais# #he i(ec#ious a"e#s ad are

lia%le #o i(ec#io.+ec#or ' ar#hropods ad o#her ier#e%ra#es #ha#

ca %e a ehicle o( a i(ec#io.

+e"e#a#ie 1r"ais$s ' or"ais$ i ac#ie "row#h.


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+irulece ' re(ers #o #he de"ree o( a

$icroor"ais$s a%ili#y #o cause a disease orpa#holo"ical cha"e i a hos# cell depeds o#o9is, a%ili#y #o eade hos# de(eses, spores,ad "ee#ic aria#io.


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>. 3(ec#ious A"e# '


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>. 0irec# #ras$issio:

a. 0irec# co#ac# ' perso #o perso #hru ac#ualphysical co#ac#


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D. Air%ore #ras$issio

a. 0rople# uclei ' $icroor"ais$s #ha# casusped i #he air longer periods o( #i$e


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A. *#adard Precau#ios s# Tier

- desi"ed (or #he care (or all hospi#al pa#ie#sre"ardless o( ori"i/presu$ed i(ec#io pri$arys#ra#e"y (or reduci" o( ad co#rolli"osoco$ial i(ec#ios applied #o:

%lood ad all %ody Iuids, secre#ios ade9cre#ios


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B. Tras$issio-%ased Precau#io


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0 ' 0rople# precau#io:

e.". Peu$oia, MMR, e#c., $us# 3*1LAT4 #he pa#ie#.

wear sur"ical $as!.

4 ' 4#eric precau#io:

reduce #ras$issio #hru &ecal-1ral rou#e.

e.". *al$oellosis


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& ' Pro#ec#ie/reerse isola#io

pro#ec# #he pa#ie# uder reerse isola#io eu#ropeic pa#ie#s/i$$uoco$pro$ised

hos#

- %urs

- uder"oi" che$o#herapy

- a#i-re;ec#io $edica#ios

- chroic s#eroid users

- ?3+/or A30*


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Wear “ON” gear Wear “OFF” gear

1˚- Booties2˚- Surgical Cap

3˚- Mask4˚- Goggles5˚- Gown6˚- Gloves

1˚- Gloves2˚- Gown

3˚- Goggles4˚- Mask5˚- Surgical cap6˚- Booties


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>. he$ical oce#ra#io ' #he $ore

coce#ra#ed #he che$ical is, $ore rapid #heac#io.

C. 3#esi#y o( #he Physical a"e# ' #he $orei#ese a physical a"e#


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F. Nu$%er o( or"ais$s ' #he $ore or"ais$s,

#he loer e9posure #i$e re6uired #o !ill #he$.O. Mediu$ used (or "row#h o( a or"ais$ ' e.".

spu#u$, %lood, e#c.,


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>. 46uip$e# $us# %e washed clea (ro$ dir#, curds

ad all (or$ o( or"aic $a##er wi#h soap adwa#er


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A. Physical A"e#s:

>. Au#oclae


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D. 0ry ?ea# ' uiersally applied $e#hod (or

s#eriliza#ioApplica%le 46uip$e#: $e#al is#ru$e#s,la%ora#ory "lass wares

Ada#a"es : ie9pesie, si$ple, o-#o9ic

0isada#a"es: $ay da$a"e hea# sesi#iee6uip$e#

7. Boili" ' ao#her uiersally applied $e#hod (or

s#eriliza#io uses ?C1 Q >˚

Applica%le 46uip$e#: $e#als, hea# resis#a#plas#ics

Ada#a"es : ie9pesie, si$ple

0isada#a"es: #i$e cosu$i", $ay da$a"e

so$e e6uip$e#


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E. 3ciera#io/%uri" ' oly used whe #he o%;ec# iso lo"er i use or is so co#a$ia#ed #ha# reused isprohi%i#ed

Applica%le 46uip$e#: 0isposa%les, "rosslyco#a$ia#ed ar#icles

Ada#a"es : sures#, si$ples# $e#hod

0isada#a"es: li$i#ed use, $ay cause pollu#io

F. Pas#euriza#io - is #he applica#io o( $ois# hea# a##e$pera#ures %elow #he %oili" poi# o( wa#er.

Applica%le 46uip$e#: hea# resis#a# plas#ics, $e#al

Ada#a"es : eScie#, cos# eec#ie0isada#a"es: reco#a$ia#io i( hadled i$properly


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O. Tydalliza#io ' a (rac#ioal $e#hod o( s#eriliza#io#ha# cosis# o( D separa#e hea#i"s or D cosecu#ie

days o( a li6uid/se$isolid #o %e s#erilized a# 8˚CApplica%le 46uip$e#: hea# resis#a# plas#ics, $e#al

Ada#a"es : ie9pesie

0isada#a"es: #i$e cosu$i"

8. *uli"h#


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B. he$ical A"e#s

>. 4#hylee 19ide


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D. )lu#araldehydes


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principles of infection control

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