Doctoral Candidate: Tabea HirzelProgram: Doctorate of Diplomacy/ Political EconomyUniversity: SMC University, Zug, SwitzerlandDate: 12.30.2011

This is a worksheet on the literature review, i.e. the theoretical background of the research thesis.

PRINCIPLES OF LIBERTY

WORKSHEETS CHP 2:

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

1. Introduction

2. Research Paradigm Assumptions

3. Theoretical Orientation

4. Critique of Previous Research

1. Introduction

• Boettke: «status quo», polycentric competition

• Horwitz: non-verbal communication,

• Prychitko & Storr: meaning

• Machlup: Austrian praxeology

• Schweitzer: Reverence for Life Ethics

• Frankl: individual psychology

• Hülsmann: ethics & economy

• Kinsella: proportionallity• Van Dun: encirclement,

order of persons• Block: «understanding»

• Radnitzky: culture, progress, knowledge

• Bouillon: freedom & power, (sovereingty) costs

• de Jasay: libertarian socialcontract

Mises-HayekRothbard-

Hoppe

Schutz-Lavoie

Triangulation

2. Research Paradigm and Assumptions

Ontological

•A priori of liberty vs. rights

Epistemological

•Praxeology

Axiological

•A priori of universal principles vs. values

Methodologocial

•Praxeology

Rhetorical

•Dramaturgy

1.

Meaningfulaction

2. Communicativeaction

3. Liberty

2.1. Ontological Assumptions

liberty

agent

action

Misean Praxeology

Schutzian Hermeneutic Sociology

Schweitzer’sHumanist deontology

Albert Schweitzer (1875-1965)

2.1.1. Mises’ A priori of Meaningful Action

(A) “The Theory of the Isolated Individual”

(B) “The Theory of Voluntary Interpersonal

Exchange”

(C) “The Theory of War”

(D) “The Theory of Games”

(E) an “unknown” category

XJenkins R, Kerr C (2013) Identifiable Images of Bystanders Extracted

from Corneal Reflections. PLoS ONE 8(12): e83325.

2.1.2. A priori of Communicative Action

HoppeEpistemology of

person(structure of

truth)

Transcendentallanguage game

SchutzOntological for

meaning(structure of life-

world)

Co-constitutionof meaning

SchweitzerOntological for

the personal (structure of

self)

Discursiveconstitution of

selfPlotinian apriorism

transcends

SPACE (Habermas)

TIME (Apel)

SUBJETCTIVITY (Plotinus)

1.3. A priori of Liberty

A) Theory of Personhood

Liberty as a first principle is the universal formal ontological a priori of social constituency as generative and teleological driver of all personal identity.

B) Action Theory Liberty is the a priori action which materializes itself as personal identity in the concrete world.

C) Conflict Theory Liberty is a conflicting performative action which simultaneously includes abstract totality and concrete identity.

D) Game Theory Liberty is a rule-base play in which personal identities create meaning in a competitive process.

E) Theory of Education

Liberty manifests as didactic, discursive plurality.

Plotinian

Republican

http://philosophymaps.wordpress.com/

2.2. Epistemological Assumptions

Consciousness

truth

understanding

meaning

CONSCIOUSNESS

Pedro Laín Entralgo (1908-2001)

2.2.2. Consiousness and truth

Source: Model by Rui Martins –visual / context / observer

Peircean dialectics: object (world) – context - observer

epistemological gap

substantive truth incompletereasoning = comparison

totality

concrete abstract

2.2.2. Consiousness and understanding

ontological gapEncounter:

promise – petitition

concrete abstract

conflict

ontological generation

2.2.3. Consiousness and meaning

concrete abstract

conflict

to present at presentto counter to the encounter of two principles that run counter as an entity that counts

the present, a present

subject being

liberty

Epistemological Assumptions: Praxeology & Personal Identity

Apriorism Personal identity is a priori known.

Problem(s) to be solved Personal identity is universally known.

Theory of consciousness Personal identity is the communicative creation of meaning.Definition of knowing (why want to know?) "Knowing" is the universal action of persons' self-expression, self-

manifestation.Description of knowing (by which means?) Personal identity is known through encounter.

Scope of knowing (What for?) Personal identity is ethical being.

Limitations to knowing and their relevance Personal identity is a limited knowing.

Limitations to action and their relevance Limitations to actions are unjust.

Historical sources Objective knowledge is derived from past events.

2.3. Axiological assumptions

Viktor Emil Frankl (1905-1997)

1. Guilt

Restriction of liberty

2. Ethics

Restriction of self

3. Responsibility

Call of life

2.3.1. Guilt: consciousness of a noetic tension

PlotinianRepublican

un-justness

judgement

un-free

sanction

performative contradiction

dis-course

noetic tentsion

personal identity

Restriction of Liberty

2.3.2. Ethics: the promise of a covenantRestriction of Self

Rutlischwur by Jean RenggliTriquetra

Rule of Law

Social contract

Covenant

Religious

Transcendental

Commonwealth

Covenant(Promise of liberty)

2.3.3. Responsibility: the duty to be (a) good

Classical: reason as submission to a historical God

Freedom frominstinctive, arbitrarynature (and fear).

Mose’s burning bush

The Saviour King

Angel Gabriel revealing Quran

Libertarian: reason meaning through mutual self-giving

Freedom to bemeaningful = good

Breaking bread, andsharing fish

Tantric community

Traditional network

Axiological Assumptions: A priori unversal principles

First principle: Self-ownership Only the principle of liberty is universal.

Second principle: Non-aggression principle Non-aggression principle derived but contradictious with self-ownership (otherness, uniqueness).

Universal value of life The only universal value is (potential) personal identity (life).

Universal appeal to discursivity Life as universal appeal to self-ownership

2.4. Methodological assumptions

1. Methodological individualism

2. Methodological subjectivism

3. Tastes and Preferences

4. Opportunity Costs

5. Marginalism

6. Time preference. (controversial)

7. (Consumer) sovereignty (agency)

8. Political individualism

A priori of libertyMelek Taus

2.4.1. Methodological individualsim

Society

2.4.2. Methodological subjectivism

encounter

2.4.3. Tastes and Preferences

PERFORMATIVE CONTRADICTION

neurosis

2.4.4. Opportunity Costs

I Other-I

2.4.5. Marginalism

2.4.6. Time preference

2.4.7. Sovereignty

2.4.8. Political individualism

making sense of suffering

Methodological Assumptions: Praxeology

Philosophy of science Science is objective, value-free knowledge.

Apriorism Science is based on a priori knowledge (axioms).

Praxeology The a priori of social phenomena is action.

Methodological dualism In science, methods for natural and social phenomena are distinct.

(1) Methodological individualism Only persons, entities with personal identity, act.

(2) Methodological subjectivism Only through personal encounter social phenomena can be understood.

(3) Tastes and Preferences Values are subjective variables(4) Opportunity Costs Responsibility is the evalotory process of oportunity costs between self and

otherness as coconstitutive and conflictive for meaning.

(5) Marginalism Persons chose the action which is more meaningful to them.

(6) Time preference Under uncertainity, actions which "invest" in others expect "redemption".

(7) (Consumer) sovereignty (agency).

Agency cannot be delegated.

(8) Political individualism Institutions which limit personal responsiblities decrease the potential for ethical, personal identity.

2.5. Rhetorical Assumptions

1. Story structure of mind (nous)

2. Story telling as performance of self (life)

3. Story form as didactics

4. Society as colaborative story (biography & historiography)

2.5.1. Story structure of mind (nous)

2.5.2. Story telling as performance of self (life)

« l i f e a s t h e a t r e »

( G o f f m a n )

2.5.3. Story form as didactics

external observer

hypertext

Rhetorical Assumptions

Dramatica The mind's structure is a story structure

Dramaturgical analysis Story telling is coconstitutive encounterLogotherapy Ethical being is didactic being, it is committed to support the potential of life (personal

identity), wherever it is found.

3. Theoretical Orientation for the Dissertation

1. The a priori of social constituency (Problem to be solved)

2. Austrian school apriorism (Axiomatic framework)

3. A mental model for liberal anarchism (covenant community)

3.1. The a priori of social constituency

A priori:

1. Liberty as first principle

2. Noetic tension

3. Atonment a priori = set of all sets ;-)

Criteria?

3.2. Austrian school apriorims (axiomatic framework)

Axiom I: Action

Axiom II: Argumentation

1. Principle of original appropriation (Ethics between being, performing and knowing)

2. Principle of non-aggression (From substantial to procedural truth)

3. Principle of interpersonal responsibility (From conflict solution towards interpresonalresponsibility)

transcend species

1) abstract & concrete

2) ethical & political

3.3. Mental model of liberal anarchism

• Structure of mind and society

• Controversies in terminology

• The covenant community

3.3.3. The covenant community

• Politico-economical covenants

• Religious-ideological covenants

• Ethical or liberal covenants

• Towards a definition of a liberal anarchist covenant community

3. Theoretical Orientation for the Dissertation (contiued)

A libertarian model of social constituency: The Covenant Community

Ethical frame orientation means functions structure

life affirmation

(self)

existential property constitutive narrative

life devotion (other) cohesion encounter didactic informal, emergent,

bottom-up

world affirmation

(concreteness)

concrete, customary pragmatic procedural non material,

commitment

world idealization

(divine)

spiritual,

transcendental

universal, ad hoc

leadership

liberty ritual

4. Critique of Previous Research

1. Austrian cultural sociology Austrian cultural studies

2. Sociology of crime as economic activity

3. Asian challenges to hermeneutics and linguistics in pragmatism

4. Hoppean theories empirically research

5. Discussion on direct democracy in and about Switzerland

1. Pezzuto Aizenk & Fishbein’s Action Theory

2. Timi Ecimovic, Matjaz Mulej and Roger Haw, Esposito Kondratenko naturalistic sociology

3. Hermeneutic historiography

6. Dramaturgy of life - Science as meta-narrative