print to electronic: what happens in libraries now?
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Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?. Alma Swan Key Perspectives Ltd Truro, UK. Themes. Overall theme: The digital world How users (faculty and students) use libraries The library as a place Use of resources Finding of resources Way work is done Access - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
PRINT TO ELECTRONIC:WHAT HAPPENS IN LIBRARIES
NOW?Alma Swan
Key Perspectives LtdTruro, UK
Themes
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Overall theme: The digital world How users (faculty and students) use libraries
The library as a place Use of resources Finding of resources Way work is done Access
The evolution of reference services A time of change for the library profession
RESEARCHERS (FACULTY)
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Weekly visits to the library (researchers)
2001 2006 20110
10
20
30
40
50
60
Overall
Arts & Humanities
Social Sciences
Physical Sciences
Life Sciences
% re
spon
dent
s
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Why go at all?
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To access print resources To order inter-library loan material To talk to a subject librarian To use the library as a laboratory
Key issues relating to the library space
Opening hours Browsing Quiet study The library is now ‘an
undergraduate space’
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Roaming Reading rights: 47% Exercise borrowing rights: 30% SCONUL Research Extra: 11%
Considered a major advance in providing access
Those as yet unaware are very interested
N.B. Those working away from their home institution are increasing
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Usefulness of print resources
Current issues of journals
Back issues of journals
Books
Reference-only items
Archives
Short loan
Special collections
Non peer reviewed items
0
50
100
Arts & Humanities
Social Sciences
Physical Sciences
Life Sciences
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Digital information Information wants to be digital e-journals e-books e-datasets Digital archival collections Digital finding aids
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Digital finding aidsLibrary catalogues
Cross-institutional catalogues
General A&I databases
Library web site/general portalSubject-specific portals
Subject-specific A&I d/b
Citation databases
0
20
40
60
80
Arts & Humani-tiesSocial Science
Physical Science
Life Science
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Do they find what they want? Not at all expert:
Use what they’ve always used Use Google – a lot ‘Good enough’ tendency
Contrary: ask for full-text databases and then say Web of Science is enough
Easily deterred: Remote holdings Locally held microform, microfilm Locally-held print
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Seeking an article Electronic full-text locally Google for an easily located version e-mail a friend in another institution e-mail author Inter-Library Loan Subject librarian Level of need versus effort
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Accessing digital information
Most common route Second most common route
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
From my office/laboratory
From home
On the move
From the library building
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Inter-library lending Static or declining Decline particularly marked for journal
articles Decline gradual for conference papers More or less static for books, theses, audio-
visual materials Becoming more challenging to fulfil Increasingly associated with rise of
interdisciplinary research?
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STUDENTS
(OCLC study, 2005JISC study, 2007)
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Students’ use of electronic resources
Search engine
Instant messaging
Online news
Library website
e-journals/magazines
Online databases
e-books
Digital audiobooks
Online librarian query service
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
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Students’ choice of information source
Search engines
Library (physical)
Library (online)
Bookstore (physical)
Bookstore (online)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
First choice as source
Considered as source
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Which to use then?
Trustworthy / credible
Accurate
Reliable
Cost-effective
Easy to use
Convenient
Fast
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Search engine
Library (online or physical)
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Comparative trustworthiness
Search engines in general
Ask.com
Yahoo!
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Library sources less trustworthy
About the same
Library sources more trustworthy
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Students’ sources of e-resources
Friend
Links from other e-resources
Teacher
News media
Library website
Librarian
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
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Student visits to college libraries
Daily
Weekly
Monthly
Several times a year
At least once a year
Not even once a year
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
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What students are doing in the library
Homework/study
Online databases
Borrowing print books
Get journal articles
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Monthly activities
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Awareness of library resources
Library website
Online catalogue
Online reference materials
e-journals/magazines
Online databases
e-books
Online librarian query service
Digital audiobooks
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
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Students’ use of library online resources
Library website
Online catalogue
Online reference materials
e-journals
Online databases
e-booksOnline librarian query
serviceDigital audiobooks
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Monthly use
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Why students have not used the library website
Did not know web-site existed
24%
Other websites have bet-ter information
56%
Cannot find website
19%
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Accessing the library from the Web: I
Yes48%
No52%
Have you ever started a search us-ing a search engine and ended up
at a library website?
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Accessing the library from the Web: II
Yes41%
No7%
Not an-
swered52%
If yes, did you use that library website?
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Accessing the library from the Web: III
Yes, the only resource I needed to use
10%Yes, but I had to use other resources too
27%
No, not enough in-formation
4%
Not an-
swered59%
If yes, did the library website fulfil your information needs?
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Sources of help used
Librarian
Computer in library
Library's collection
Another person in library
Online librarian query service
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
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Librarians add value to the search process?
Completely agree35%
Agree40%
Neither agree nor disagree
21%
Disagree4%
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Positive and negative library associations
Products and offerings
Facility / environment
Staff
Customer / user service
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Negative associations
Positive associations
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Positive associations in detail Products/offerings: books, information (free,
reliable, accessible, trustworthy) Facility/environment: quiet, comfortable, work
space Staff: helpful, friendly, knowledgable Customer service: Open to public, online
catalogue, ILL and linking to other libraries
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Prospective students and university ICT provision
Are unsure what to expect at university with respect to ICT provision
Regard ubiquitous internet access as the norm Half look at ICT provision when applying for
university places
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Prospective students and social networking technologies
Only 5% never use social networking sites 65% use them regularly 62% use wikis, blogs and online networks 44% maintain their own website or blog Flexible and ready to accommodate new
technological solutions to their needs
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Café!
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EVOLUTION OF REFERENCE SERVICES
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The space Yes, the space will continue to change Beware driving away users Study space, computers Communal study space What about print? 68% of Harvard’s acquisitions goes straight to
warehouse …
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Print to Electronic The print-based library had a multitude of
delivery technologies: print microfiche microform video, audio, slides
The electronic library has only one: computers
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New paradigms Old:
Selection and purchase of resources for research and learning
Instruction in how to use them New:
Creation of resources for research and learning Instruction on how to use them (they are delivered
through one technology) Dissemination of the research and learning outputs
of the institution
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What ‘digital’ means A much closer partnership between librarians and
faculty A vast increase in potential collection resources The collection is increasingly outside of the “library”
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What ‘digital’ means, then Increase in the resources and services that can
be provided This includes digitisation of the institution’s own
resources Focus moves from collection to service Much of the ‘collection’ is outside the institution Potential for greater and more meaningful
collaboration between librarians and faculty (e.g. the National Underground Railroad Museum and University of Cincinnati Library)
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Services for discovery and enquiry
Users (researchers and students) think they can do this themselves…
… and in most cases they can But they still turn to the library for difficult cases They perceive the library as the producer of
authoritative, reliable, trustworthy information And many are turning back to the library
(information overload?) Evidence that users are returning to library
technologyKey Perspectives Ltd
Use of library technology to navigate to e-journal content
Don't know
<10% of the time
10-50% of the time
50-95% of the time
>95% of the time
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
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The library website Interface increasingly important Ensure OA journals are catalogued Provide tools for self-training (give them the
tools and they will come) Engage students early One bad experience tends to convince them
that the Web is a better, easier, more fun route to what they seek
Brand the library!
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A TIME OF CHANGE FOR THE ACADEMIC LIBRARY PROFESSION
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For example, instead of… Sitting at a reference desk…
Teaching library instruction Providing distance learning Staffing chat reference
Cataloging books and journals Integrating library automation with university automation, e.g.
Blackboard/WebCT Providing metadata for library holdings (to make them web
searchable) Placing orders for books and journals
Negotiating contracts for bundled digital journals and ebooks Creating information resources
Circulating the local collection Arranging storage/retrieval in high density repositories Setting up massive consortial circulation systems
Courtesy: David Kohl, Cincinnati University Libraries
Some points Library directors will increasingly have to
provide evidence of the value the library adds to the institution
Libraries will need to think new thoughts about performance and success indicators
How will libraries measure new services offered to a wider base than just the institution?
Librarianship will include new career paths New library education programmes will be
neededKey Perspectives Ltd
Librarians: Roles and responsibilities
Custodian of information Manager of institutional repositories Administrator of information purchasing and
delivery services Subject information expert Teacher of information literacy skills Manager of data Technology specialist
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Future roles for librarians:researchers’ views
Cus
todi
an
Man
age
IRs
Adm
inis
trato
r
Sub
ject
exp
ert
Teac
h in
fo s
kills
Man
age
data
sets
Tech
spe
cial
ist0
102030405060708090
Arts & humanities
Social sciences
Physical sciences
Life sciences
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Future roles for librarians:all groups’ views
Teacher of information literacySubject expert (library)
Subject expert (embedded)
Administrator
IR manager
Custodian archives, spec collections
Manager of e-science/grid datasetsFacilitator for e-learning
Technology specialist (VREs)
Tech specialist
Metatdata manager
IT support expert
Copyright/IPR advisor
Library directors Library staff Researchers
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From the library to the big outside Increasingly, to support both research and learning,
libraries will be guiding users to trusted resources outside the institution
The library will facilitate access and integration with respect to external resources
New licensing deals, many transitory Strengthen links with other institutional libraries:
ILL Consortial arrangements Look seriously at ad hoc affiliations (collaborative research)
New collaborations with other stewards of public information (museums, national libraries, data centres)
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Liaison with faculty Two views: more … or less! Collaboration in research and dissemination Research: the library has particular expertise in
technologies Dissemination: the new end-game Management of the institutional repository to
give maximal value to the institution and individual researchers
Liaison with the university press
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Does your institution have a repository?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Yes
No
Don't know
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The way they are working Interdisciplinary research Big science and e-research Medium-to-small e-science / research pools Virtual Research Environments Data Metrics Demands:
New and different resources New ways to assess and plan for needs Awareness that these researchers may not know
themselves what they need or should consult
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Big research, different research
Interdisciplinary research e-research Semantic technologies bringing new ways to do
research Implications for library services Not just infrastructural, but cultural too Cornell’s VIVO
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Research data What are libraries to do about this? Watch out for more funder mandates Growing importance as outputs in
themselves Big data are safe (ish) But we should be worrying about small data
(who need carers) Data are only really important if they are re-
usable
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Metrics The Research Excellence Framework is
fanning the flames now in the UK (and in Australia)
Can only produce a range of really good metrics on an open corpus
What metrics do YOU want to see? Can you help by producing the raw material?
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Channels, communications
Researchers
Research managers /
fundersLIBRARY
Institutional management
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Merci pour votre attentionThank you for listening
www.keyperspectives.co.ukwww.keyperspectives.com
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