prioritizing countries and crops for h+ lac salomón pérez s. carolina gonzález washington dc,...
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Prioritizing countries and crops for H+ LAC
Salomón Pérez S.Carolina González
Washington DC, October 18th-19th, 2012
Crops released in AgroSalud Country Crop/released year Nutrition data
Nicaragua Maize QPM (2007) Nutrader (Tript = 0.072%, Prot = 9.8%)Mazorca de oro (Tript = 0.072%, Prot = 10%)NB6 ((Tript = 0.063%, Prot = 9%)H-INTA991 (Tript = 0.063%, Prot = 6.3%)
Beans INTA Nutritivo (Fe: 80 ppm, Zinc: 37 ppm)INTA Rojo (Fe: 48 ppm, Zinc: 22 ppm)
Rice L8(Fe: 3 ppm, Zinc: 10.5ppm)L9 (Fe: 3.5 ppm, Zinc: 14.2 ppm)INTA Chinandega (Fe: 3.3 ppm, Zinc: 14.5 ppm)
El Salvador Maize (2008) Oro Blanco (Tript = 0.103%, Prot = 10.78%)Protemás(Tript = 0.11%, Prot = 11.2%)Oro Platino ((Tript = 0.092%, Prot = 9.5%)H-59 (Tript = 0.04%, Prot = 10.23%)
Beans Ferromas (Fe= 75-80ppm, Zinc= 35)
Colombia Maize (2010) FNC-32AC(Tript = 0.086%, Prot = ?)FNC-31AC(Tript = 0.072%, Prot = ?)ICA V354((Tript = 0.058%, Prot = ?)ICA V305 (Tript = 0.048%, Prot = ?)
Maize Sweet Potato Cassava Rice Bean Zinc Beta Tryp Lysine Fe ZINC Beta Beta Fe Zinc Fe Zinc
HarvestPlus-50% Target7,5 20 72 40
Agrosalud 40 15 0.8 4 11.8 7.4 75 15 2-3 17-18 100 50
Crops released in AgroSalud Country Crop/released year Nutrition data
Guatemala Maize QPM (2009) ICTA Maya (Fe: 0.8 ppm, Zinc: 0.8 ppm)
Beans (2010) ICTA Peten(Fe: 76 ppm, Zinc: ? ppm)
Panamá Maize (2008) IDIAP – MQ-02IDIAP – MQ – 07IDIAP – MQ-12IDIAP-MQ-14
Rice (2010) IDIAP GAB2(Fe: 4.13 mg/kg, Zinc: 15.5 mg/kg)IDIAP GAB6(Fe: 3.55 mg/kg, Zinc: 13.54 mg/kg)IDIAP GAB8(Fe: 3.8 mg/kg, Zinc: 14.22 mg/kg)IDIAP GAB11(Fe: 3.83 mg/kg, Zinc: 13.16 mg/kg)
Bolivia Beans (2009) Fortaleza(Fe: 83 mg/kg, Zinc: 40 mg/kg)Negro sequia o SEN (Fe: ? mg/kg, Zinc: ? mg/kg)
Rice (2009) Azucena (Fe: 3.4 mg/kg, Zinc: 18.57 mg/kg)Saavedra27 (Fe: 3.52mg/kg, Zinc: 11.2 mg/kg)
Honduras Maize (2009) Dicta – Q-10Sintetico 03 (olancho UNA)
Maize Sweet Potato Cassava Rice Bean Zinc Beta Tryp Lysine Fe ZINC Beta Beta Fe Zinc Fe Zinc
HarvestPlus-50% Target7,5 20 72 40
Agrosalud 40 15 0.8 4 11.8 7.4 75 15 2-3 17-18 100 50
What was done in AgroSalud?
• DALYs:Iron and zinc for Nicaragua, Honduras, México, Colombia and northeast Brazil.
Vitamin A. Colombia, Honduras, México, Haiti and Nicaragua
What was done in AgroSalud?
• Acceptance studies: El Salvador: Maize QPM “Acceptance of maize QPM cultivars: Platino, Oro blanco and Protemás in El Salvador” Published in Agricultura Técnica in México. Sample size: 133.
What was done in AgroSalud?
• Acceptance studies: Nicaragua: Potential acceptance of quality protein maize (Nutrader, Nutrinta Amarillo and Mazorca de Oro by farmer families in Northern Nicaragua. Published in Agronomia Mesoamericana. Sample size 142.
What was done in AgroSalud?
• Acceptance studies (suspended):
Cuba: Acceptance analysis of black bean cultivar with higher iron content Cubana 23 in Cuba. Has been suspended. Sample size 100.
Bolivia. Acceptance analysis of rice cultivars with higher content of iron and zinc, Azucena y Saavedra 27 in Bolivia. Sample size 195.
Main constraints in AgroSalud I
• Limited budged ( US$ 50,000 for three years)• Limited time: most of the cultivars were
released at the end of the project.• 30% Salomón Pérez time during the first year
and 50% the following two• No records about seeds distribution• NAR´s innestability• Lack of information (cultivars to be released,
where, when, etc)
Crops and countries selection• Criteria: 1. National production (per capita)2. Consumption (per capita)3. Iron, Zinc or Vitamin A deficiency as a level of public health problem4. Income (per capita)5. Poverty (<1.25 US/day)Information sources:Production and consumption: FAO (2009).Iron deficiency: Worldwide prevalence of anaemia 1993-2005. WHO Zinc deficiency: Assessment of the Risk of Zinc Deficiency in Populations and Options for Its Control. IZING.Vitamin A: Global prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in populations at risk 1995–2005. WHO. 2005.Income and Poverty: World Bank
BEANS
Pre-school
Pregnant women
Non pregnant women
Belize 12 18 14.42 3,654.9 3 3 3 2Bolivia 16 1 6.64 1,204.0 2 3 2 2Brazil 6 45 16.20 5,626.9 3 2 2 2Colombia 10 10 3.21 3,953.1 3 2 2 2Costa Rica 3 25 3.21 5,358.4 2 2 1 2Cuba .. 45 7.14 2 2 2 3Dominican Republic3 14 3.32 4,824.9 1 2 1 2Ecuador 6 1 1.01 3,043.3 3 3 3 3El Salvador 9 42 14.13 2,963.4 2 2 1 3Guatemala 14 23 13.77 2,261.2 2 2 2 3Haiti 62 22 6.23 431.4 1 2 2 3Honduras 18 24 9.02 1,523.1 2 2 2 3Jamaica 1 7 0.11 4,076.7 3 3 2 2Mexico 1 28 10.19 8,161.9 2 2 2 2Nicaragua 12 64 23.92 994.1 2 2 2 3Panama 6 5 0.99 6,616.9 2 2 3 2Paraguay 8 16 7.56 1,509.7 2 2 2 2Peru 6 6 3.19 3,860.0 2 2 1 3Venezuela 7 14 1.66 6,053.7 2 2 2 2*Iron deficiency levels. 1= Mild, 2=Moderate, 3= Severe*Zinc and vitamin A deficiency levels. 1= Not a problem, 2=Mild, 3= Moderate
Iron deficiency (2005)*Zinc
Deficiency (2004)
GDP pc (US$ 2005)
Consumption (g/pc /day)
(2010)
Country
Poverty (<1,25 US$)
(1999-2009)
Production per
pc(ton/pc) (2010)
BEANS IRON
Pre-school
Pregnant women
Non pregnant
Haiti 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 19Belize 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 17Bolivia 3 1 2 3 2 2 3 16Brazil 2 3 3 3 2 2 1 16Cuba 3 3 2 2 2 1 3 16Guatemala 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 16Nicaragua 3 3 3 1 2 1 3 16Peru 2 1 1 3 3 3 2 15Honduras 3 2 2 2 2 1 3 15Paraguay 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 15El Salvador 2 3 3 1 2 2 2 15Mexico 1 2 3 2 2 2 1 13Jamaica 1 1 1 3 3 2 1 12Colombia 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 12Ecuador 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 12Panama 2 1 1 2 2 3 1 12Venezuela 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 11Costa Rica 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 10Dominican Republic 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 10
CountryPoverty (<1,25 US$)
Consumption( g/pc /day)
(2010)
Production per
pc(ton/ha
Iron deficiency (2005)* GDP pc (US$ 2005)
Index
BEANS ZINC
Nicaragua 3 3 3 3 3 15Cuba 3 3 2 3 3 14El Salvador 2 3 3 3 2 13Guatemala 3 2 3 3 2 13Haiti 3 2 2 3 3 13Honduras 3 2 2 3 3 13Belize 3 2 3 2 2 12Bolivia 3 1 2 2 3 11Brazil 2 3 3 2 1 11Paraguay 2 2 2 2 3 11Ecuador 2 1 1 3 2 9Peru 2 1 1 3 2 9Mexico 1 2 3 2 1 9Colombia 2 1 1 2 2 8Costa Rica 1 2 1 2 1 7Panama 2 1 1 2 1 7Venezuela 2 1 1 2 1 7Dominican Republic 1 1 1 2 1 6Jamaica 1 1 1 2 1 6
Consumption( g/pc
/day) Country
Poverty (<1,25 US$)
Production per
pc(ton/haZinc
Deficiency
GDP pc (US$ 2005)
Index
CASSAVA
Pre-schoolPregnant women
Belize 12 0.00 0.00 3 2 3,654.9 Bolivia 16 0.10 0.03 2 2 1,204.0 Brazil 6 0.30 0.13 3 1 5,626.9 Colombia 10 0.30 0.05 1 2 3,953.1 Costa Rica 3 0.10 0.04 2 2 5,358.4 Cuba .. 0.10 0.04 2 1Dominican Republic 3 0.10 0.02 1 2 4,824.9 Ecuador 6 0.00 0.00 2 1 3,043.3 El Salvador 9 0.00 0.00 2 2 2,963.4 Guatemala 14 0.00 0.00 2 1 2,261.2 Haiti 62 0.10 0.06 1 2 431.4 Honduras 18 0.00 0.00 1 1 1,523.1 Jamaica 1 0.00 0.01 2 1 4,076.7 Mexico 1 0.00 0.00 2 1 8,161.9 Nicaragua 12 0.00 0.01 2 1 994.1 Panama 6 0.00 0.01 2 2 6,616.9 Paraguay 8 0.80 0.41 1 2 1,509.7 Peru 6 0.20 0.04 3 1 3,860.0 Venezuela 7 0.10 0.01 1 1 6,053.7 *vitamin A deficiency levels. 1= Mild, 2=Moderate, 3= Severe
Vitamin A deficiency
CountryPoverty (<1,25
US$) (1999-2009)
Consumption( g/pc /day)
(2010)
Production per pc(ton/hab)
(2010)
GDP pc (US$ 2005)
CASSAVA VIT A
Pre-school
Pregnant women
Haiti 3 2 3 3 2 3 16Paraguay 2 3 3 2 2 3 15Bolivia 3 2 2 3 1 3 14Cuba 3 2 3 1 2 3 14Brazil 2 3 3 2 2 1 13Peru 2 3 3 2 1 2 13Colombia 2 3 3 1 2 2 13Belize 3 1 1 2 1 2 10Dominican Republic 1 2 2 2 2 1 10Honduras 3 0 1 2 1 3 10Costa Rica 1 2 3 1 2 1 10Nicaragua 3 0 2 1 1 3 10Guatemala 3 0 1 2 1 2 9Ecuador 2 0 1 2 1 2 8El Salvador 2 0 1 2 1 2 8Jamaica 1 0 2 2 2 1 8Venezuela 2 1 1 1 2 1 8Mexico 1 0 1 3 1 1 7Panama 2 0 2 1 1 1 7
IndexGDP pc
(US$ 2005)
Country
Poverty (<1,25 US$)
(1999-
Consumption( g/pc /day)
(2010)
Production per pc(ton/hab)
(2010)
Vitamin A deficiency
RICE
Pre-schoolPregnant women
Non pregnant women
Belize 12 0.50 0.06 2 3 2 2 3,654.9 Bolivia 16 0.50 0.05 3 2 2 2 1,204.0 Brazil 6 0.60 0.06 3 2 2 2 5,626.9 Colombia 10 0.60 0.05 2 2 2 2 3,953.1 Costa Rica 3 0.80 0.07 2 2 1 2 5,358.4 Cuba .. 1.10 0.04 2 2 1 3Dominican Republic 3 0.90 0.06 2 2 2 2 4,824.9 Ecuador 6 0.70 0.12 2 2 2 3 3,043.3 El Salvador 9 0.20 0.00 1 2 2 3 2,963.4 Guatemala 14 0.10 0.00 2 2 2 3 2,261.2 Haiti 62 1.30 0.01 3 3 3 3 431.4 Honduras 18 0.30 0.00 2 2 1 3 1,523.1 Jamaica 1 1.10 0.00 3 2 4,076.7 Mexico 1 0.10 0.00 2 2 2 2 8,161.9 Nicaragua 12 0.70 0.08 1 2 1 3 994.1 Panama 6 1.00 0.08 2 2 3 2 6,616.9 Paraguay 8 0.10 0.05 2 2 2 2 1,509.7 Peru 6 0.90 0.10 3 3 3 3 3,860.0 Venezuela 7 0.50 0.04 2 2 2 2 6,053.7 *Iron deficiency levels. 1= Mild, 2=Moderate, 3= Severe*Zinc deficiency levels. 1= Not a problem, 2=Mild, 3= Moderate
Zinc Deficiency
GDP pc (US$ 2005)
CountryPoverty (<1,25
US$) (1999-2009)
Consumption( g/pc /day)
(2010)
Production per pc(ton/hab)
(2010)
Iron deficiency (2005)*
RICE IRON
Pre-school
Pregnant women
Non pregnant women
Haiti 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 19Peru 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 19Bolivia 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 17Belize 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 17Cuba 3 3 2 2 2 1 3 16Ecuador 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 16Panama 2 3 3 2 2 3 1 16Brazil 2 2 3 3 2 2 1 15Paraguay 2 1 3 2 2 2 3 15Nicaragua 3 2 3 1 2 1 3 15Jamaica 1 3 1 3 3 2 1 14Colombia 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 14Dominican Republic 1 3 3 2 2 2 1 14Costa Rica 1 3 3 2 2 1 1 13Guatemala 3 1 1 2 2 2 2 13Honduras 3 1 1 2 2 1 3 13Venezuela 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 13El Salvador 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 11Mexico 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 10
Country
Poverty (<1,25 US$)
(1999-2009)
Consumption( g/pc /day)
(2010)
Production per pc(ton/hab)
(2010)
Iron deficiency (2005)*GDP pc
(US$ 2005)
Index
RICE ZINC
Cuba 3 3 2 3 3 14Belize 3 2 3 3 2 13Bolivia 3 2 2 3 3 13Haiti 3 3 1 3 3 13Nicaragua 3 2 3 2 3 13Ecuador 2 3 3 2 2 12Peru 2 3 3 2 2 12Brazil 2 2 3 3 1 11Colombia 2 2 2 3 2 11Costa Rica 1 3 3 3 1 11Honduras 3 1 1 3 3 11Panama 2 3 3 2 1 11Paraguay 2 1 3 2 3 11Dominican Republic 1 3 3 2 1 10Guatemala 3 1 1 2 2 9Venezuela 2 2 2 2 1 9El Salvador 2 1 1 2 2 8Jamaica 1 3 1 2 1 8Mexico 1 1 1 2 1 6
Zinc Deficiency
CountryPoverty (<1,25
US$) (1999-2009)
Consumption( g/pc
/day) (2010)
Production per
pc(ton/hab) (2010)
GDP pc (US$ 2005)
Index
MAIZE
Pre-schoolPregnant women
Belize 12 0.80 0.17 3 2 3,654.9 Bolivia 16 1.00 0.07 2 2 1,204.0 Brazil 6 0.80 0.28 3 1 5,626.9 Colombia 10 1.30 0.03 1 2 3,953.1 Costa Rica 3 1.10 0.00 2 2 5,358.4 Cuba .. 3.10 0.03 2 1Dominican Republic 3 0.70 0.00 1 2 4,824.9 Ecuador 6 0.40 0.07 2 1 3,043.3 El Salvador 9 8.10 0.13 2 2 2,963.4 Guatemala 14 9.70 0.11 2 1 2,261.2 Haiti 62 2.60 0.02 1 2 431.4 Honduras 18 8.80 0.07 1 1 1,523.1 Jamaica 1 0.40 0.00 2 1 4,076.7 Mexico 1 11.30 0.21 2 1 8,161.9 Nicaragua 12 7.50 0.08 2 1 994.1 Panama 6 0.50 0.02 2 2 6,616.9 Paraguay 8 6.10 0.48 1 2 1,509.7 Peru 6 2.20 0.05 3 1 3,860.0 Venezuela 7 1.70 0.07 1 1*Vitamin A deficiency levels. 1= Not a problem, 2=Mild, 3= Moderate
Vitamin A deficiencyProduction per
pc(ton/hab) (2010)
Consumption( g/pc /day)
(2010)
Poverty (<1,25 US$) (1999-
2009)
CountryGDP pc (US$
2005)
MAIZE ZINC
Honduras 3 3 2 3 3 14Nicaragua 3 3 2 2 3 13Paraguay 2 3 3 2 3 13Belize 3 1 3 3 2 12Bolivia 3 1 2 3 3 12Cuba 3 2 1 3 3 12Haiti 3 2 1 3 3 12El Salvador 2 3 3 2 2 12Guatemala 3 3 2 2 2 12Brazil 2 1 3 3 1 10Mexico 1 3 3 2 1 10Colombia 2 1 1 3 2 9Ecuador 2 1 2 2 2 9Peru 2 2 1 2 2 9Venezuela 2 1 2 2 1 8Costa Rica 1 1 1 3 1 7Panama 2 1 1 2 1 7Dominican Republic 1 1 1 2 1 6Jamaica 1 1 1 2 1 6
IndexCountry
Poverty (<1,25 US$)
(1999-
GDP pc (US$ 2005)
Consumption( g/pc /day)
(2010)
Production per pc(ton/hab)
(2010)Zinc
Deficiency
MAIZE VIT A
Pre-school
Pregnant women
Paraguay 2 3 3 2 2 3 15Haiti 3 2 1 3 2 3 14Honduras 3 3 2 2 1 3 14Bolivia 3 1 2 3 1 3 13El Salvador 2 3 3 2 1 2 13Guatemala 3 3 2 2 1 2 13Nicaragua 3 3 2 1 1 3 13Mexico 1 3 3 3 1 1 12Belize 3 1 3 2 1 2 12Cuba 3 2 1 1 2 3 12Brazil 2 1 3 2 2 1 11Ecuador 2 1 2 2 1 2 10Peru 2 2 1 2 1 2 10Colombia 2 1 1 1 2 2 9Venezuela 2 1 2 1 2 1 9Dominican Republic1 1 1 2 2 1 8Jamaica 1 1 1 2 2 1 8Costa Rica 1 1 1 1 2 1 7Panama 2 1 1 1 1 1 7
IndexCountryGDP pc
(US$ 2005)
Poverty (<1,25 US$)
(1999-
Consumption( g/pc /day)
(2010)
Production per pc(ton/hab)
(2010)
Vitamin A deficiency
Priorized countries and crops for H+ LAC in Central America and the Caribbean
Micronutrient - Crop Countries
Beans Iron Haiti, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Guatemala and Nicaragua
Beans Zinc Nicaragua, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti and Honduras
Cassava – Vitamin A Haiti, Paraguay, Bolivia, Cuba, Brazil, Peru and Colombia
Rice Iron Haiti, Peru, Bolivia, Belize, Cuba, Ecuador and Panama
Rice Zinc Cuba, Belize, Haiti, Bolivia, Nicaragua
Sweet Potato – Vitamin A Haiti, Cuba, Bolivia, Paraguay and Honduras
Maize Zinc Honduras, Nicaragua, Belize, Paraguay, Bolivia, Cuba and Haiti
Maize Vitamin A Paraguay, Haiti, Bolivia, Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala and Nicaragua
Haiti 8Bolivia x x 7Cuba x x 6Nicaragua x x 5Belize 4Honduras 4Paraguay 4Guatemala x 3El Salvador 2Peru 2Brazil x x x 1Colombia x 1Ecuador 1Panama x 1Costa RicaDomican RepublicJamaicaMexicoVenezuela
PriorizationCountry Bean (Iron/Zinc)
Rice (Iron/Zinc)
Cassava (Vit A)
Potential Socioeconomic StudiesFirst year:
-Diagnostic per selected countries to identify diffusion strategies (main actors, geographic zones, target populating)
-Baseline construction for at least two countries where biofortifed cultivars are close to be released (Nicaragua-Bolivia).
-Adoption analysis for bean cultivar ICTA PETEN in Guatemala
- Panama –Beans: Base Line
Second year:
-Consumer and producer acceptance analysis for different crops recently released in two different countries