pro-poor management

UNRISDPUBL ICATIONS2006United Nations

Research Institute forSocial Development

2 UNRISD PUBLICATIONS 2006 - WWW.UNRISD.ORG

Pro-Poor Macroeconomics: Potential and LimitationsEdited by Giovanni Andrea Cornia, Professor of Development Economics, Faculty of Economics, University of Florence, ItalyWhile some consensus has been achieved about the development and social policies that reduce po-verty, similar agreement is nowhere in sight for macroeconomic policies. This volume proposes some broad principles that should permit macroeconomically sustainable poverty reduction in different country settings. Such principles include adopting policies for ex-ante crisis avoidance—such as maintaining a reasonable macroeconomic balance, retaining a competitive and stable real exchange rate, and low to moderate real interest rates, and strengthening the regulation of the fi nancial and banking sector—as well as adopting specifi c measures during times of crisis.

Contents: PART 1: OVERVIEW AND POVERTY IMPACT OF MAIN MACROECONOMIC POLICIES

Potential and Limitations of Pro-Poor Macroeconomics: An Overview–G.A. Cornia • Pro-Poor Fiscal Policy in the Globalized Economy–R. Jha • Can Monetary Approaches to Stabilization be Pro-Poor?–S.K. Chand • Exchange Rate Regimes for Development and Poverty Alleviation–G.A. Cornia • Portfolio Flows, Macroeconomic Policy and Global Poverty–C.E. Weller and R. Chaurushiya • The Effects of FDI on Growth and Inequality–C. Bonassi, G. Giovannetti and G. Ricchiuti • Safety Nets for the Poor: A Missing International Dimension?–S.G. Reddy

PART 2: COUNTRY CASE STUDIES

Financial and Trade Reforms and Impact on Poverty and Income Inequality: The Case of Mauritius–S.K. Bundoo • Macroeconomic Policy, Growth, Redistribution and Poverty Reduction: The Case of Malaysia–W.C. Hui and Jomo K.S. • The Search for Macroeconomic Stability and Growth under Persistent Inequality: The Case of Chile–A. Solimano and M. Pollack • Macroeconomic Policy, Inequality and Poverty Reduction in Fast-Growing India and China–C.P. Chandrasekhar and J. Ghosh • Heterodox Macroeconomic Policies, Inequality and Poverty in Uzbekistan–G.A. Cornia • Macroeconomic Policy and Pro-Poor Growth in a Dualistic Economy: The Case of Bolivia–S. Klasen • Has Macroeconomic Policy Been Pro-Poor in Brazil?–J.S. Arbache

No. of pages Date Publisher Edition ISBN Price

376 2006 Palgrave Macmillan Hardback 0-230-00488-1 GBP 70.00

Social Policy in the Middle East: Economic, Political and Gender DynamicsEdited by Massoud Karshenas, Professor of Economics, Institute of Social Studies, The Netherlands and School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London, United Kingdom; and Valentine M. Moghadam, Chief, Gender Equality and Development Section, Social and Human Sciences Sector, UNESCO, FranceIn the large and growing literature on economic reform in the Middle East and North Africa, social policy has often taken a back seat. It is treated as a residual, or an afterthought to economic reform, in the shape of safety nets or safeguards to reintegrate marginalized groups dislocated by the reform process. This volume brings the social back in as a central theme in the analysis of economic reform in the region, providing political and economic perspectives on social policy and its evolution in the Middle East and North Africa. Chapters on Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Morocco, Tunisia and Turkey analyse its origins in populist or modernizing state activities, its decline in the era of neoliberalism and prospects for its renewal in a democratizing and development context.

Contents: Social Policy in the Middle East: Introduction and Overview–M. Karshenas and V.M. Moghadam • Social Policy and Development in Tunisia since Independence: A Political Perspective–M.B. Romdhan • Algeria: Crisis, Transition, and Social Policy Outcomes–A. Layachi • Social Policy in Morocco: History, Politics, and Social Development–M. Ennaji • The Political Economy of Social Policy in Egypt–A. Bayat • Social Policies and Distributional Dynamics in Turkey: 1923–2002–K. Boratav and M. Özugurlu • Constitutionalism, Modernization, and Islamization: The Political Economy of Social Policy in Iran–M. Messkoub • Gender and Social Policy: Family Law and Women’s Economic Citizenship in the Middle East–V.M. Moghadam



BOOKS

UNRISD PUBLICATIONS 2006 - WWW.UNRISD.ORG 3

Public-Sector Reform in Developing Countries: Capacity Challenges to Improve ServicesEdited by Yusuf Bangura, Research Coordinator, UNRISD, Switzerland; and George A. Larbi, Senior Lecturer, Public Sector Management and Governance, International Development Department, School of Public Policy, University of Birmingham, United KingdomThis book critically examines some of the most topical and challenging issues confronting the public sector in developing countries in an era of globalization. The contributors examine the potential and limits of managerial, fi scal and decentralization reforms and highlight cases where selective use of some of the new management reforms has delivered positive results. Looking to the future, the book provides lessons from the experience of implementing public sector reforms in developing countries.Contents: Introduction–Y. Bangura and G.A. LarbiPART I: MANAGERIAL REFORMApplying the New Public Management in Developing Countries–G.A. Larbi • Elusive Public Sector Reform in East and Southern Africa–O. Therkildsen • Public Sector Management Reform in Latin America–A. Nickson • Capacity to Deliver? Management, Institutions and Public Services in Developing Countries–R. Batley and G.A. LarbiPART II: FISCAL REFORMFiscal and Capacity Building Reform–Y. Bangura • Employment and Pay Reform in Developing and Transition Societies–W. McCourtPART III: DECENTRALIZATION REFORMFiscal Decentralization in Developing Countries: Theory and Practice–P. Smoke • Decentralization Policies and Practices under Adjustment and Democratization in Africa–D. Olowu • Public-Private Partnerships and Pro-Poor Development: The Experience of the Cordoba Water Concession in Argentina–A. Nickson • Conclusion: Public Sector Reform; What are the Lessons of Experience?–G.A. Larbi and Y. Bangura



Ethnic Inequalities and Public Sector GovernanceEdited by Yusuf Bangura, Research Coordinator, UNRISD, SwitzerlandThe contributors discuss the links between ethnicity, inequality and governance. Their fi ndings suggest that it is not the existence of diversity per se, but types of diversity that explain potentials for confl ict or cohesion in multiethnic societies. Relative equality has been achieved in the public sectors of countries that are highly fragmented or those with ethnicity-sensitive policies, but not in those with ethnicity-blind policies. The book is critical of approaches to confl ict management that underplay background conditions in shaping choices.Contents: Introduction: Ethnic Inequalities and Public Sector Governance–Y. BanguraPART I: UNIPOLAR ETHNIC STRUCTURESEthnicity, Inequality and Public Sector Governance in Lithuania–N. Kasatkina and V. Beresneviciute • Botswana: Ethnic Structure and Public Sector Governance–O. SelolwanePART II: BIPOLAR ETHNIC STRUCTURESRegulating Bipolar Divisions: Ethnic Structure, Public Sector Inequality and Electoral Engineering in Fiji–J. Fraenkel • Ethnic Confl ict, Inequality and Public Sector Governance in Trinidad and Tobago–R.R. Premdas • In Defi ance of Fate: Ethnic Inequality and Governance in Latvia–A. Pabriks • Ethnic Structure, Inequality and Governance of the Public Sector in Belgium–K. DeschouwerPART III: TRIPOLAR ETHNIC STRUCTURESEthnic Structure, Inequality and Governance of the Public Sector in Nigeria–A.R. Mustapha • Ethnic Structure, Inequalities and Public Sector Governance in Malaysia–B.T. Khoo • Bosnia-Herzegovina: Ethnicity, Inequality and Public Sector Governance–F. Bieber • Ethnic Structure, Inequality and Governance in the Public Sector in Switzerland–W. Linder and I. SteffenPART IV: MULTIPOLAR ETHNIC STRUCTURESEthnic Structure, Inequality and Public Sector Governance in Ghana–E. Gyimah-Boadi and R. Asante • Ethnicity, Inequality and Public Sector Governance in Kenya–K. Kanyinga • Ethnicity, Representation and the Governance of Public Institutions in India–N.G. Jayal • Ethnicity, Inequality and Governance of the Public Sector in Papua New Guinea–R. Anere • Ethnic Structure, Inequality and Governance of the Public Sector in Tanzania–J.E. Nyang’oro



BOOKS

Post-War Bosnia: Ethnicity, Inequality and Public Sector GovernanceBy Florian Bieber, Senior Non-Resident Research Associate based in Belgrade, European Centre for Minority IssuesTen years after the end of the war in Bosnia, ethnicity continues to matter and the country remains dependent on international intervention. At the same time, the country is making strides to catch up with the European integration process. The Dayton peace accord, signed in 1995, successfully ended the war, but froze the ethnic confl ict in one of the most complex systems of government in the world. This book provides an in-depth analysis of governance in this divided post-war country, discussing power sharing, the return of refugees, electoral systems and international efforts at reforming the system of government. International intervention in Bosnia has been the fi rst of a number of interventions in ethnically divided societies, from East Timor and Kosovo, to Afghanistan and Iraq, and can thus provide important lessons.

Contents: Introduction • Historical Legacies • Cleavages and Inequalities in Post-War Bosnia • Gover-nance and Administration in Bosnia • The Record of the Post-Dayton Elections • Addressing Inequality and Reforming Governance in Post-War Bosnia • Conclusions



Representing India: Ethnic Diversity and the Governance of Public InstitutionsBy Niraja Gopal Jayal, Professor and Chairperson, Centre for the Study of Law and Governance, Jawaharlal Nehru University, IndiaThis is a study of how ethnic diversity is represented in public institutions in India, and of the politics and policy solutions devised to manage ethnic inequalities. With new data on representational patterns in parliament and cabinet, it provides an account of representation that encompasses the diversity of caste, tribe and religion. Emphasizing the overlapping nature of social and economic inequalities in India, it seeks to place the issue of material disadvantage at the very heart of the debate on ethnic and cultural inequality.

Contents: Preface–N.G. Jayal • Preface–T. Mkandawire • Acknowledgements • Representing India: Democracy and Diversity • Mapping Diversity in India • Managing Diversity: Institutions, Policies and Politics • Promoting Diversity and Protecting the Vulnerable • Negotiating Diversity: Parties and the Electoral System • Representing Diversity in the Institutions of Governance • Conclusion



Reclaiming Development Agendas: Knowledge, Power and International Policy MakingEdited by Peter Utting, Research Coordinator and Deputy Director, UNRISD, SwitzerlandAs world attention focuses on poverty reduction and good governance, this book looks at why such changes in discourse and policy are taking place, what they mean for the challenge of forging development processes that are more socially inclusive and equitable, and what needs to be done to reclaim development agendas.

Contents: Introduction: Reclaiming Development Agendas–P. Utting • Challenging the Knowledge Business–S. Guttal • The New Buzzwords–A. Cornwall and K. Brock • The Search for Policy Autonomy in the Global South–N. Girvan • The World Bank as a Knowledge Agency–J. Toye and R. Toye • Knowledge Management and the Global Agenda for Education–K. King • The Quest for Gender Equality–G. Sen • Global Social Policy Reform–B. Deacon • Generating Knowledge in the United Nations–L. Emmerij, R. Jolly and T.G. Weiss



BOOKS


Funding Social Change, Special Issue of the journal Development, Vol. 49, No. 2Edited by Wendy HarcourtThis journal issue includes a set of research articles commissioned by UNRISD on funding social move-ments and non-governmental organisations in the context of the global UN conferences and the World Social Forum. In recent years, Development has given space to civil society actors that are creating new global political spaces for social change. Interestingly, in all of that debate little attention was given to the funding and how it impacted on the agendas being debated. The UNRISD contributions to this issue of Development, listed below, are both innovative and timely.

Contents: Introduction: Financial Independence among NGOs and Social Movements–K. Ghimire • Winners or Losers? NGOs in the Current Aid Paradigm– C. Agg • NGOs, Social Movements, External Funding and Dependency–F. Vincent • Funding and the Future of the Global Justice Movement–E. Morena • Power Relations in the Financial Aid Chain–S. Daroca Oller • Donor Policies and the Financial Autonomy of Development NGOs–B. Sadoun • Systems of Accountability, Webs of Deceit? Monitoring and Evaluation in South African NGOs–L. Bornstein • Resources for Creating Another World: Financial Strategies of the World Social Forum–L. Diaz • Turtle Eggs and Sustainable Development: Indonesian NGOs and Fun-ding–A. Pradjasto and I. Dyah Saptaningrum • Funding of Non-Governmental Organizations in Senegal: Constrains and Opportunities–Fatou Sarr • Brazilian Civil Society Structures and Financial Resources: The Case of Rio 1992–S. De Paula


144 2006 Palgrave Macmillan Paperback 1011-6370 GBP 12.00

Igualdad de género: La lucha por la justicia en un mundo desigualPor UNRISDBasado en los resultados de la investigación sobre cuestiones de género que UNRISD llevó a cabo y más de 60 estudios especialmente encargados sobre este tema, el informe centra su análisis en las reformas económicas y políticas de los años 90. En su mayoría, estas reformas no se ocuparon directa-mente del tema de la igualdad de género, pero fueron objeto de un acucioso análisis desde esa perspec-tiva. E independientemente de sus intenciones, estas reformas tuvieron importantes implicaciones tanto negativas como positivas para las relaciones de género y el bienestar de la mujer en general. Como bien lo revela el título, la igualdad y la justicia en materia de género serán metas muy difíciles de alcanzar en un mundo que es cada vez más desigual. En el informe se presentan sólidos argumentos a favor de colocar la igualdad de género en el centro de los esfuerzos por reorientar la agenda de desarrollo. En efecto, para poder enfrentar algunos de los desafíos contemporáneos clave—crecimiento económico y transformación estructural, igualdad y previsión social, y democratización—este paso es fundamental.

Contenido: Sección 1: Macroeconomía, bienestar e igualdad de género • Sección 2: Mujeres, trabajo y política social • Sección 3: Las mujeres en la política y en la vida pública • Sección 4: Género, confl icto armado y búsqueda de la paz

Also available in English (Gender Equality: Striving for Justice in an Unequal World, 2005). Arabic version available from MERIC; Chinese version available from CTPC (please see ordering information).

Egalement disponible en français (Egalité des sexes: En quête de justice dans un monde d’inégalités, 2005).

No. of pág. Fecha Editorial Edición ISBN Price

390 2006 UNRISD/UN Publications Rústica 92-9085-068-X USD 32.00


BOOKS


Gender and Social Policy in a Global Context: Uncovering the Gendered Structure of “the Social”Edited by Shahra Razavi, Research Coordinator, UNRISD, Switzerland; and Shireen Hassim, Associate Professor, Department of Political Studies, School of Social Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South AfricaThis book addresses the central questions of how social and economic rights have been shaped by processes of political and economic change, and by the normative assumptions and design of social ins-titutions. The book shows that these processes and assumptions are deeply gendered, even in contexts where formal political equality has been won. It underlines the importance of thinking beyond states and markets in social provisioning, including in the analysis the interactions between these and other social institutions, especially the family and community. Although there have been changes in the balance of work and care in many societies, this book shows that in many contexts these changes have reinscribed rather than eroded gender inequalities. In order to understand these outcomes, the chapters explore the linkages between the norms and assumptions on which social institutions are constituted in different countries, and the ways in which these have structured work burdens and access to entitlements.

Contents: Gender and Social Policy in a Global Context: Uncovering the Rendered Structure of “the Social” –S. Hassim and S. Razavi

PART 1: HISTORICAL AND REGIONAL TRAJECTORIES IN SOCIAL PROVISIONING

Mothers at the Service of the New Poverty Agenda: The “Oportunidades” Programme in Mexico–M. Molyneux • Gender and Post-Socialist Welfare States in Central Eastern Europe: Family Policy Reforms in Poland and the Czech Republic Compared–S. Steinhilber • Maternalist Policies versus Women’s Econo-mic Citizenship? Gendered Social Policy in Iran–V.M. Moghadam • Gender Equality and Developmental Social Welfare in South Africa–S. Hassim • Social Policy Reforms and Gender in Japan and South Korea–I. Peng • The Evolution of the Women-Friendly State: Opportunities and Constraints in the Swedish Welfare State–B. Hobson • The Adult-Worker-Model Family and Gender Equality: Principles to Enable the Valuing and Sharing of Care–J. Lewis and S. Giullari

PART 2: LABOUR MARKET INFORMALITY AND THE SEARCH FOR SOCIAL SECURITY

Labour-Market Informalization, Gender and Social Protection: Refl ections on Poor Urban Households in Bolivia and Ecuador–L. Benería and M.S. Floro • Working People and Access to Social Protection–F. Lund

PART 3: GENDER DIMENSIONS OF SOCIAL-SECTOR RESTRUCTURING

Gender and Health Sector Reform: Analytical Perspectives on African Experience–M. Mackintosh and P. Tibandebage • Health Sector Reform in China: Gender Equality and Social Justice–J. Wang • Secondary Education in the Indian State of Uttar Pradesh: Gender Dimensions of State Policy and Practice– J. Jha and R. Subrahmanian

PART 4: FINANCING SOCIAL PROVISIONING AND COUNTING IN WOMEN

Gendered Implications of Tax Reform in Latin America: Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, and Jamaica–E. Huber • Expectations versus Realities in Gender-Responsive Budget Initiatives–D. Budlender.


376 2006 Palgrave Macmillan Hardback 1-4039-9630-X GBP 73.00

BOOKS


SOCIAL POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT

Mozambique’s HIV/AIDS Pandemic: Grappling with Apartheid’s LegacyBy Carole J.L. Collins, independent consultant and freelance writer on Africa policy issuesThis study focuses on how apartheid, through its economic structures and wars of destabilization to preserve white minority rule, helped shape and deepen Mozambique’s HIV/AIDS pandemic, and how this tragic legacy continues to this day. It analyses how war-induced dependency on outside donors undermined the Mozambique government’s autonomy in setting national health policy as well as its capacity to implement an effective national strategy. It also looks at how externally imposed structural

adjustment conditions undercut Mozambique’s response to the HIV/AIDS pandemic in various ways.

No. of pages Date Publisher Code ISSN Price

34 February 2006 UNRISD PP SPD 24 1020-8208 USD 12.00/6.00

Pensions and Pension Funds in the Making of a Nation-State and a National Economy: The Case of FinlandBy Olli E. Kangas, Research Professor, Danish National Institute for Social Research, DenmarkThe aim of this paper is to study and describe the development of Finnish pension schemes. Special focus is given to the use of pension funds in national policy making. The Finnish case offers useful material for the study of two latent functions of social policy: how to create a unifi ed nation (after a severe civil war) and how to invest pension funds in a way that makes national developmental projects possible.


26 March 2006 UNRISD PP SPD 25 1020-8208 USD 12.00/6.00

Liberalization and HIV in KeralaBy Sandhya Srinivasan, a freelance health writer and executive editor of the Indian Journal of Medical Ethics, India; and Mini Sukumar, Lecturer, Centre for Women’s Studies, University of Calicut, IndiaThis paper explores the following questions: Has structural adjustment in India, implemented since 1991, increased job insecurity and loss of livelihood in the state of Kerala? Did structural adjustment put some groups at higher risk of HIV? Did policy decisions reduce people’s access to care, especially through the public health system? If so, what institutional pressures led to these changes, and how were they received?


32 April 2006 UNRISD PP SPD 26 1020-8208 USD 12.00/6.00

Neither Public Nor Private: Unpacking the Johannesburg Water Corporatization ModelBy Laila Smith, Director of Research and Evaluation, Contract Management Unit, City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality, South AfricaFirst, the paper provides a brief overview of the service delivery history in Johannesburg during the 1990s in order to understand the reasons it chose the corporatization model in 2001. Secondly, it focuses on the institutional transformation of the water and sanitation sector. Third, it outlines the main challenges facing Johannesburg Water (Pty.) Ltd. and the effi ciency mechanisms it has put in place to address them. Finally, it looks at the equity challenges facing the utility and how it has chosen to address low-income service users.


60 June 2006 UNRISD PP SPD 27 1020-8208 USD 12.00/6.00

PAPERS


The Politics of HIV/AIDS in UgandaBy Joseph Tumushabe, Lecturer, Department of Population Studies, Institute of Statistics and Applied Economics, Makerere University, UgandaThis paper traces Uganda’s experience of HIV/AIDS, and the reaction of the government, civil society and communities of Uganda to the epidemic. It examines the roles of various players—donors, government, non-governmental organizations, faith- and community-based organizations, and families—in the struggleagainst HIV/AIDS, and argues that their contributions have been put to political ends. The paper also points to some of the critical actions necessary to respond to the HIV/AIDS epidemic, with specifi c reference to Uganda.


39 August 2006 UNRISD PP SPD 28 1020-8208 USD 12.00/6.00

Historia del sector sanitario chileno: De la gestión estatal hasta el proceso de privatizaciónPor María Angélica Alegría Calvo, quien encabeza el Área de Evaluación de Recursos Hídricos de la Dirección General de Aguas de Chile; y Eugenio Celedón Cariola, Director Ejecutivo de Hidrogestión S.A., ChileEn el presente estudio se han considerado aspectos acerca de la historia chilena en cuanto a los servicios de agua potable y saneamiento para entender el proceso de la privatización y sus consecuencias. Este estudio también analiza los servicios de agua potable para el sector rural que no han sido parte de la privatización, asimismo describe el contexto dentro del cual se pudo implementar la reforma y la privatización y los desafíos pendientes.

No. de pág. Fecha Editorial Código ISSN Precio

68 diciembre 2006 UNRISD PP SPD 29 1020-8208 USD 12.00/6.00

Implicações do Financiamento do Banco Mundial para as Respostas das ONGs e OBCs ao HIV/Aids no Sul e Sudeste do BrasilPor Elisabete Inglesi, com a colaboração de Ana Lucia Weinstein, Celi Denise Cavallari, Octavio Valente Junior e Glaury CoelhoO Brasil é reconhecido pelas instâncias internacionais como tendo o melhor programa de Aids do mundo. No entanto, este estudo nos leva a uma refl exão sobre sua sustentabilidade e sobre sua vulnerabilidade, uma vez encerrados no próximo ano os empréstimos do Banco Mundial. Na íntegra do estudo, os autores tentam reproduzir as conclusões das ONGs e dos técnicos governamentais, apresentando algumas das lições extraídas de um trabalho de colaboração entre o governo e a sociedade civil, com o apoio de organizações internacionais, como o Banco Mundial, para enfrentar a epidemia de Aids.

No. de pág. Data Editora Código ISSN Preço

52 dezembro 2006 UNRISD PP SPD 30 1020-8208 USD 12.00/6.00

DEMOCRACY, GOVERNANCE AND WELL-BEING

Disempowering New Democracies and the Persistence of PovertyBy Thandika Mkandawire, Director, UNRISD, SwitzerlandIn this paper, Thandika Mkandawire considers two processes taking place simultaneously in developing countries: the adoption of orthodox economic policies during a period of growing awareness of the pervasiveness and persistence of poverty, on the one hand, and the growing political empowerment of the majority of the population through processes of democratization, on the other hand.


41 January 2006 UNRISD PP DGHR 21 1020-8186 USD 12.00/6.00

PAPERS


Ethnic Structure, Inequality and Governance of the Public Sector in SwitzerlandBy Wolf Linder and Isabelle Steffen, Institute of Political Science, University of Bern, SwitzerlandThe paper begins with a description of the ethnic structures and cleavages in Switzerland and their development. It then provides an overview of the Swiss political system and its institutional elements of political integration. Finally, the scope and limits of these arrangements are discussed through an analysis of their effects on minority representation and equality.



The Indian Parliament as an Institution of AccountabilityBy Devesh Kapur, Associate Professor of Government, Harvard University, United States; and Pratap Bhanu Mehta, Professor of Law and Governance, Jawaharlal Nehru University, IndiaThis paper examines the institutional challenges facing the Indian Parliament. It argues that over the years there has been a decline in the effectiveness of Parliament as an institution of accountability and oversight. It shows that the instruments that Parliament can use for accountability–motions on the fl oor, oversight powers, the committee system–are increasingly being rendered dysfunctional. The fact that the Indian economy is globalizing has also eroded the power of Parliament in two respects. Much of economic decision making is now increasingly governed by international treaties, and the Indian state is restructuring its regulatory framework with more powers being delegated to non-elected institutions.



Ethnic Structure, Inequality and Governance of the Public Sector in NigeriaBy Abdul Raufu Mustapha, University Lecturer in African Politics and Kirk-Greene Fellow in Afri-can Studies, African Studies Centre, St. Antony’s College, University of Oxford, United KingdomThis paper investigates the consequences of demographic and historical legacies for the management of inter-ethnic relations, particularly within the public sector. It explores the history and geography of the ethno-regional cleavages in Nigeria, and suggests reasons for their endurance. It examines the manifestations of the inequalities associated with the cleavages, particularly in the political, bureaucratic and educational apparatuses of the state. Finally it looks at various efforts aimed at reforming the lopsided nature of representation within the institutions of the Nigerian federation.


64 November 2006 UNRISD PP DGHR 24 1020-8186 USD 12.00/6.00

GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT

Foreign Direct Investment, Development and Gender Equity: A Review of Research and PolicyBy Elissa Braunstein, Assistant Professor of Economics, Colorado State University, United StatesThis paper provides a summary of the empirical and policy-related literature on the multifaceted relationships between gender inequalities and foreign direct investment (FDI). The literature on gender and FDI is evaluated with reference to the broader literature on FDI and economic development, new research directions are identifi ed, and the policy implications of managing FDI for development and gender equity are discussed.

No. of pages Date Publisher Code ISBN Price

51 January 2006 UNRISD OPGP 12 92-9085-065-5 USD 12.00/6.00

PAPERS


Gendered Spaces in Party Politics in Southern Africa:Progress and Regress since Beijing 1995By Onalenna Doo Selolwane, Senior Lecturer, Department of Sociology, University of BotswanaThis paper examines what women’s struggle for political space has added to the democratization process and the rebuilding of political parties in southern Africa. The southern African countries are divided into clusters that share certain historical similarities in order to examine how history provided a context, and the obstacles that had to be overcome by women and other groups in the process of building political institutions and negotiating political power.


47 February 2006 UNRISD OPGP 13 92-9085-066-3 USD 12.00/6.00

Gender Dimensions of Viet Nam’s Comprehensive Macroeconomic and Structural Reform PoliciesBy Le Anh Tu Packard, Senior Economist at Moody’s Economy.comThis paper seeks to contribute to a better understanding of macroeconomic policies that benefi t women by analysing the links between reform, gender equality, economic development and women’s welfare as they played out in Viet Nam during the 1990s, when the government carried out far-reaching and comprehensive reforms. It employs descriptive, narrative and quantitative approaches to explain how macroeconomic and market liberalization policies, although gender-neutral in intent, can give rise to gendered outcomes as a result of various underlying and interrelated factors. These include social attitudes and conventions infl uenced by patriarchal values, the pattern and structure of occupational segregation and related gender wage differentials, gender differences in education levels, and labour regulations that have the effect of increasing productivity differences between men and women.


60 February 2006 UNRISD OPGP 14 92-9085-067-1 USD 12.00/6.00

Beijing Plus 10: An Ambivalent Record on Gender JusticeBy Maxine Molyneux, Professor of Sociology, Institute of Latin American Studies, University of London, United Kingdom; and Shahra Razavi, Research Coordinator, UNRISD, SwitzerlandDrawing on research undertaken for the UNRISD report, Gender Equality: Striving for Justice in an Unequal World, this paper refl ects on the record of progress achieved by women over the last decades and considers how the policy environment has changed over the period since the high point of the global women’s movements. Through reference to a number of commonly employed indicators of “women’s progress”, the paper argues that the record of achievement regarding gender equality is more ambivalent, and the causal infl uences more diverse and less unidirectional, than is sometimes assumed.


38 March 2006 UNRISD OPGP 15 92-9085-069-8 USD 12.00/6.00

PAPERS


CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Beyond Pragmatism: Appraising UN-Business PartnershipsBy Peter Utting, Research Coordinator and Deputy Director, UNRISD, Switzerland; and Ann Zammit, independent consultantThis paper identifi es key ideational, institutional, political and economic forces that have driven the public-private partnership phenomenon, only some of which are recognized in the mainstream literature. The analysis reveals the multiple, sometimes contradictory agendas and interests involved. The authors argue that if the contribution of UN-business partnerships to equitable development is to be adequately assessed, the diverse logics underpinning partnerships need to be identifi ed and addressed.


63 October 2006 UNRISD PP MBR 1 1991-9921 USD 12.00/6.00

The Political Economy of Corporate Responsibility in IndiaBy Atul Sood, Associate Professor, Centre for the Study of Regional Development, Jawaharlal Nehru University, India; and Bimal Arora, doctoral scholar, International Centre for Corporate Social Responsibility, Nottingham University Business School, United KingdomThis study covers the historical aspects of the business and society interface in India, determining the actors and the factors that have infl uenced the corporate responsibility discourse. It presents the state of contemporary CSR in India, detailing perceptions of the issue and initiatives undertaken by selected bodies, and includes a section on certain codes of conduct related to labour and environmental issues. Voluntary initiatives are examined in light of the macro changes that have taken place since the early 1990s. Corporate management and governance practices are also documented.


84 November 2006 UNRISD PP TBS 18 1020-8216 USD 12.00/6.00

CIVIL SOCIETY AND SOCIAL MOVEMENTSNGOs and Social Movements: A North/South Divide?By Alejandro Bendaña, Director, Centro de Estudios Internacionales, NicaraguaThis paper examines those contemporary agencies broadly termed non-governmental organizations and social movements. Emphasis is placed on political differences in approach, and the paper poses the question of how such differences coincide with geographical distinctions between the North and South. The paper seeks to transcend the ritual denunciations of neoliberalism and, in so doing, it argues that the World Social Forum is contributing to a growing awareness of a new movement, or movement of movements, and also that it is contributing to the effort to move beyond fragmented local struggles, as well as beyond simple and often simplistic negations of neoliberalism in its economic, military and sociocultural dimensions.


29 June 2006 UNRISD PP CSSM 22 1020-8178 USD 12.00/6.00

Trends in Government Support for Non-Governmental Organizations: Is the “Golden Age” of the NGO Behind Us?By Catherine Agg, independent researcher based in NairobiThe fi rst part of the paper outlines the role of international NGOs (INGOs) in development policy from 1980 to the present, arguing that, although the sector was promoted strongly during the heyday of neoliberalism, donor governments have always used INGOs as a tool to carry out aid policies in the South. Part 2 studies the effects of recent policy developments, looking at the funding trends for four organizations: Care, Oxfam, ActionAid and BRAC. It also examines the proportion of overseas development assistance channelled to the NGO sector since 1980 by the main bilateral donors. The last section looks at the implications of partnerships between Northern and Southern NGOs, asking whether recent policy initiatives have benefi ted civil society in the South.



PAPERS


The Global Justice Movement: How Far Does the Classic Social Movement Agenda Go in Explaining Transnational Contention?By Marco Giugni, researcher and teacher, and Nina Eggert, research assistant, Laboratoire de recherche sociale et politique appliquée (RESOP), University of Geneva, Switzerland; and Marko Bandler, assistant, Department of Political Science of the same universityThis paper analyses the new form of contention represented by the global justice movement throughthe lens of the classic social movement agenda for explaining contentious politics. The paper takes up each of the three core components of the classic agenda (political opportunities, mobilizing structures and framing processes) in order to ascertain their relevance for explaining transnational episodes of popular contention.



The Global Women’s Rights Movement: Power Politics around the United Nations and the World Social ForumBy Wendy Harcourt, Editor of Development, Society for International Development, ItalyThis paper examines the discourse, inputs and reorganization of strategies that emanated from the lobbying of women’s rights movements vis-à-vis global agencies like the United Nations, as well as the World Social Forum. Harcourt considers some key strategic questions: How much have women’s movements achieved by working in collaboration with the UN? Is there a recognizable global women’s rights movement as it is perceived on the UN stage? Is there such an entity as a global women’s movement, or is it just a skilfully played mirage?


32 August 2006 UNRISD PP CSSM 25 1020-8178 USD 12.00/6.00

Transnational Civil Society Movements: The State of Anticorruption EffortsBy Nelson J.V.B. Querijero, Institute of Development Management and Governance, College of Public Affairs, University of the Philippines-Los Baños, Philippines; and Ronnie V. Amorado, School of Management, University of the Philippines-Mindanao, PhilippinesThis paper reviews the anticorruption efforts pursued by transnational civil society organizations, what these organizations are, their structures and how they are evolving. It seeks to capture their activities and functions, and the kind of methods they employ to achieve their goals. The paper identifi es the following areas of tension: (i) issues of legitimacy and representation among transnational CSOs; (ii) the grey areas in the notion of global civil society; (iii) the North-South divide; (iv) the composition and membership of transnational civil society movements; and (v) the movements’ increasing use of new technology.


35 August 2006 UNRISD PP CSSM 26 1020-8178 USD 12.00/6.00

PAPERS


UNRISD Research and Policy Brief 4: Land Tenure Reform and Gender EqualityBy UNRISDUNRISD research fi nds that the new generation of land tenure reforms introduced in the 1990s is not necessarily more gender equitable than earlier efforts, even though women’s ability to gain independent access to land is increasingly on the statutes.Egalement disponible en français (UNRISD Recherches et Politiques—Synthèse 4: Réformes foncières et égalité des sexes, RPB4f, février 2006, ISSN 1815-0845).Igualmente disponible en español (UNRISD Investigación y política—Síntesis 4: Reforma agraria y igualdad de género, RPB4s, febrero de 2006, ISSN 1815-0853).


4 January 2006 UNRISD RPB4e 1811-0142 Free from UNRISD

UNRISD Research and Policy Brief 5: Transformative Social Policy: Lessons from UNRISD ResearchBy UNRISDThis brief highlights the developmental role of social policy, even as it addresses issues of intrinsic value such as social protection, equality and social citizenship, and calls for rescuing social policy from the resi-dual role it was assigned during much of the 1980s and 1990s.Egalement disponible en français (UNRISD Recherches et Politiques – Synthèse 5: Le pouvoir transformateur de la politique sociale: Leçons des recherches de l’UNRISD, RPB5f, mars 2007, ISSN 1815-0845).Igualmente disponible en español (UNRISD Investigación y política – Síntesis 5: Política social transformativa: Lecciones de la investigación de UNRISD, RPB5s, marzo 2007, ISSN 1815-0853).


6 October 2006 UNRISD RPB5e 1811-0142 Free from UNRISD

POLICY BRIEFS


Conference News: Ethnic Inequalities and Public Sector GovernanceBy UNRISDThis is the report of the international conference organized by UNRISD, UNDP Latvia and the Latvian Ministry of Integration, Riga, 25–27 March 2004. Participants discussed the fi ndings of UNRISD research that examined the complex way ethnic diversity affects the constitution and management of public sectors of multiethnic societies under formal democratic rule.


24 January 2006 UNRISD CN 16 1020-8054 Free from UNRISD

Social Development Research at UNRISD, 2005–2009By UNRISDIn 2004 and 2005, UNRISD engaged in a consultative process with its research networks and Board to design a research agenda for the 2005–2009 quinquennium. As part of this process, a two-day workshop was held in Geneva in November 2004, attended by 25 social scientists. This report identifi es the main themes and issues that are likely to be the focus of UNRISD work in the coming years. The 2005–2009 agenda has three main objectives: to adjust research activities in response to global developments and scholarly debates; to examine issues that are not being addressed adequately or suffi ciently by research networks associated with the United Nations system; and to consolidate key aspects of previous work by expanding certain programmes, and by enhancing synergies between projects in related areas.


38 July 2006 UNRISD Report/06 92-9085-070-1 Free from UNRISD

BROCHURES AND NEWSLETTERS


Books: Palgrave Orders, Palgrave Macmillan Limited, Brunel Road, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, United Kingdom. Tel: +44 (0)1256 302866 – Fax: +44 (0)1256 330688 – E-mail: [email protected] – Web site: www.palgrave.comIgualdad de género: La lucha por la justicia en un mundo desigual: English, French and Spanish versions available from United Nations Publications – E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] – Web site: https://unp.un.org. Arabic version available from The Middle East Readers Information Center (MERIC) – E-mail: [email protected] – Web site: www.mericonline.com. Chinese version available from China Translation and Publishing Corporation (CTPC) – E-mail: [email protected] – Web site: www.ctpc.com.cnOther publications: UNRISD Reference Centre, Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland – Tel: +41 (0)22 9173020 – Fax: +41 (0)22 9170650 – E-mail: [email protected] – Web site: www.unrisd.orgOnline ordering: Information on all UNRISD publications and an online order form may be found at www.unrisd.org/publications. Links are provided to our commercial publishing partners when possible.Our pricing policy: Programme Papers and Occasional Papers are half price for orders coming from developing and transition countries, as well as students. UNRISD does not sell, donate or discount books published with commercial publishers.

Livres: Palgrave Orders, Palgrave Macmillan Limited, Brunel Road, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, Royaume-Uni – Tél: +44 (0)1256 302866 – Fax: +44 (0)1256 330688 – Courrier électronique: [email protected] – Site web: www.palgrave.comIgualdad de género: La lucha por la justicia en un mundo desigual: Pour les versions anglaise, française et espagnole, veuillez vous adresser aux Publications des Nations Unies – Courrier électronique: [email protected]; [email protected] – Site web: https://unp.un.org. Pour la version arabe: The Middle East Readers Information Center (MERIC) – Courrier électronique: [email protected] – Site web: www.mericonline.com. Pour la version chinoise: China Translation and Publishing Corporation (CTPC) – Courrier électronique: [email protected] – Site web: www.ctpc.com.cnAutres publications: Centre de référence de l’UNRISD, Palais des Nations, 1211 Genève 10, Suisse – Tél: +41 (0)22 9173020 – Fax: +41 (0)22 9170650 – Courrier électronique: [email protected] – Site web: www.unrisd.orgCommandes en ligne: Vous pouvez vous renseigner sur toutes les publications de l’UNRISD sur le site web de l’Institut à www.unrisd.org et commander toutes les publications maison en remplissant directement le formulaire en ligne. Dans la mesure du possible, des passerelles vous permettent d’accéder aux maisons d’édition commerciales.Notre politique de prix: Les documents de programme et documents d’information sont facturés moitié prix pour toute commande venant de pays en développement et en transition ainsi que pour les étudiants. L’UNRISD ne peut accorder de remise, vendre ou faire don de livres publiés en collaboration avec des maisons d’édition commerciales.

Libros: Palgrave Orders, Palgrave Macmillan Limited, Brunel Road, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, Reino Unido – Tel: +44 (0)1256 302866 – Fax: +44 (0)1256 330688 – Correo electrónico: [email protected] – Sitio web: www.palgrave.comIgualdad de género: La lucha por la justicia en un mundo desigual: Para las versiones en inglés, francés y español, diríjase a Publicaciones de las Naciones Unidas – Correo electrónico: [email protected]; [email protected] – Sitio web: https://unp.un.org. Para la versión en árabe, diríjase a The Middle East Readers Information Center (MERIC) – Correo electrónico: [email protected] – Sitio web: www.mericonline.com. Para la versión en chino, diríjase a China Translation and Publishing Corporation (CTPC) – Correo electrónico: [email protected] – Sitio web: www.ctpc.com.cnOtras publicaciones: Centro de Información de UNRISD, Palais des Nations, 1211 Ginebra 10, Suiza – Tel: +41 (0)22 9173020 – Fax: +41 (0)22 9170650 – Correo electrónico: [email protected] – Sitio web: www.unrisd.orgPedidos en línea: Para información sobre todas las publicaciones de UNRISD, se puede consultar www.unrisd.org. Todas las publicaciones de la casa pueden pedirse directamente al llenar el formula-rio electrónico. Cuando es posible, se proporciona el enlace con las editoriales comerciales a las que UNRISD está asociado.Nuestra política de precios: Todos los Documentos de Programa y Documentos de Información son a mitad de precio para aquellos pedidos que provengan de países en vías de desarrollo o estudiantes.UNRISD no puede vender, donar ni acordar descuentos para libros publicados en conjunto coneditoriales comerciales.

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The United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) is an autonomous agency engaging in multidisciplinary research on the social dimensions of contemporary problems affecting development. Its work is guided by the conviction that, for effective development policies to be formulated, anunderstanding of the social and political context is crucial. The Institute attempts to provide governments,development agencies, grassroots organizations and scholars with a better understanding of how development policies and processes of economic, social and environmental change affect different social groups. Working through an extensive network of national research centres, UNRISD aims to promote original research and strengthen research capacity in developing countries.Current research programmes include: Civil Society and Social Movements; Democracy, Governance and Well-Being; Gender and Development; Identities, Confl ict and Cohesion; Markets, Business and Regulation; and Social Policy and Development.

L’Institut de recherche des Nations Unies pour le développement social (UNRISD) est une institution autonome qui entreprend des recherches multidisciplinaires sur les dimensions sociales de problèmes contemporains du développement. Il est guidé, dans son travail, par la conviction qu’il est indispensable,pour défi nir des politiques effi caces de développement, de bien comprendre le contexte social et politique. L’Institut tente donc de donner aux gouvernements, aux organismes de développement, aux organisations de base et aux universitaires, les moyens de mieux comprendre comment les processus et les politiques de développement, que modifi ent la situation économique et sociale et l’environnement, affectent divers groupes sociaux. Travaillant par l’intermédiaire d’un vaste réseau de centres nationaux de recherche, l’UNRISD vise à encourager une recherche originale et à renforcer la capacité de recherche des pays en développement.Le programme de recherche s’organise autour de six domaines: Démocratie, gouvernance et conditions de vie; Genre et développement; Identités, confl it et cohésion; Marchés, entreprises et réglementation; Politique sociale et développement; et Société civile et mouvements sociaux.

El Instituto de Investigación de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo Social (UNRISD) es una agencia autónoma que se encarga de hacer investigación multidisciplinaria sobre las dimensiones sociales de los problemas contemporáneos que afectan al desarrollo. Su labor se guía por la convicción de que para formular políticas de desarrollo efectivas es crucial comprender el contexto sociopolítico. El Instituto trata de ayudar a los gobiernos, agencias de desarrollo, organizaciones de base y académicos, a entender mejor cómo las políticas de desarrollo y los procesos de cambio económico, social y del medio ambiente afectan a diferentes grupos sociales. Trabajando con una extensa red de colaboración de centros de investigación nacionales, UNRISD tiene como meta promover estudios originales y fortalecer la capacidad de investigación en los países en desarrollo.Actualmente, las áreas de investigación son las siguientes: Democracia, gobierno y bienestar; Género y desarrollo; Identidades, confl icto y cohesión social; Mercados, empresas y regulación; Política social y desarrollo; y Sociedad civil y movimientos sociales.

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