pro-poor urban development: china and africa workshop - "participatory mapping of urban...
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Pro-Poor Urban Development: China and Africa Workshop Introductory Session on "Participatory mapping of urban poverty", by Allan Cain, Director, Development Workshop, 07/30/2012TRANSCRIPT
Participatory Mapping of Urban Poverty
Allan CainDEVELOPMENT WORKSHOP
Presented to the
China – Africa Urban Exchange on Pro Poor Urban Development
30 - 31 July 2012 Nairobi - Kenya
SISTEMA NACIONAL DE INFORMAÇÃO TERRITORIAL
Millenium Development Goals
• The overall aim of the MDGs was to reduce poverty by one half by 2015
• MDGs were defined and mapped out for each sector
• Member governments of the UN made commitments to meet the Millennium Development Goals
• Each member country of the United Nations made the commitment to measure their progress to meeting these targets.
• Indicators were defined in order to accurately measure the progress made, year-by-year towards meeting these goals
SISTEMA NACIONAL DE INFORMAÇÃO TERRITORIAL
• UN Habitat established a Global Urban Observatory Program to help countries monitor their progress to meeting the key urban MDGs as articulated in Goal 7 indicators 11.
• The aim of the Urban MDGs is to reduce the proportion of populations living is slums by measuring the following indicators:
1. Acess to an adequate potable water supply2. Acess to improved sanitation3. Sufficient living space4. Durable and safe housing5. Secure land tenure
Measuring Urban Poverty Reduction
Urban Growth Rates in Africa & Asia
SISTEMA NACIONAL DE INFORMAÇÃO TERRITORIAL
China & Africa Urban & Economic Growth
SISTEMA NACIONAL DE INFORMAÇÃO TERRITORIAL
Africa & Asia Urban Poverty Reduction
Reduction of Slums between 1990 & 2010
1990
2010
SISTEMA NACIONAL DE INFORMAÇÃO TERRITORIAL
Reduction of Slums between 1990 - 2010
Economic Exclusion & Gini Coefficients
The Gini coefficient measures the inequality of wealth within a group such as a city. A Gini coefficient of ‘zero’ expresses perfect equality while ‘one’ expresses maximal inequality
The World’s most Unequal Cities
Inclusion vs Exclusion in African Cities
SISTEMA NACIONAL DE INFORMAÇÃO TERRITORIAL
Who benefits from urban growth?
How do women fare?
SISTEMA NACIONAL DE INFORMAÇÃO TERRITORIAL
The purpose of the observatory is to monitor key urban indicators and ensure that the information is used to inform policies, public institutions and local policy-makers National and local observatories also involve representatives from civil society, private sector and academic institutions.
Tanque Serra
Tombo
Rapado
Kikuxi I
Caop
Zango
Tande
Ludi 2
Tanque I
Km 30
Faz Sol
Burgalheira
Cassaca
Dimba
Vitrona
Guengue
Tanque Serra
Ludi 1
Quenguela Norte
Vai e Volta
Sarico
10 de DezembroKikuxi II
Panguila
Areas de Pedreiras
Calivoto
Capalanga
Mulundo
Casa BrancaMussulo
Hoji Ya Henda
Coboy
Camicuto 1
Tanque Serra
Musondo
Tanque II
Nova EsperancaKm 35
Camicuto 2
Caquila
Terra Nova II
Bem Vindo
Zona Industrial
12A
Weji Maca
Santa Paciencia
Km 9A
Mulemvos
Cidade Universitario
Calumbo Sede
Ceramica
Golf I
????
Caop B
Banza Calumbo
Cambamba II
Grafanil
Mulemvos
Km 14 A
Km40A
Chinguar
Cabolombo
12B
Caop A
Paraiso
Km 40 B
Camama Sede
Nova Urbanizacao
Terra Nova I
Caop C
Mateia II
Cassenda
Km 9B
Sapú
Chimbicato
Quissomeira
Vila de Estoril
Tanque Serra
14B(Cambire)
Quingolo
Casulo Sede
Dala Muleba
Muculo
Tala Hadi
KM 32
Mateia I
Nova Vida
Boa Vista
Mayombe
Cazenga Popular
Ngola Kiluanje
INORAD
Luanda Sul
Palmeirinhas
D
Vila Da Mata
Augusto Ngangula
Vidrul
Boa EsperancaCemiterio 2
Rocha Pinto
Quinzenza
Zona A
Cateba
Cepa
Moxico
Salinas
Fazenda Experimental
Terra Branca
Imbondeiro
B
Kinanguvo (macedonia)
Soda
Calemba
Mabor
Viana II
Barra do Bengo
Regedoria
Catambor
CatondoCasulo Estrada
Terra vermelha
Nova Esperanca
Funda Sede (Havemos)
Maianga
Vila Nova
Comandante Bula
Futungo de Belas
Kilunda
Morro Bento II
Tungango
Mbondo Chapeu
C
Nelito Soares
Garcia
Candua
Morro Bento I
Cambamba I
11 De Novembre
LixeiraSao Joao
Rio Seco
Ilha Do Cabo
Vila de Estoril
Rangel
A
Sao Pedro
Mutamba Cahango
Camoes
Sao Pedro Da Barro
Sector 3
Ingombota
Cazenga Municipal
Santo Antonio
Kawelele
Mota
Bairro do Gamek
Vitoria e Certa
Partido
Pescadores
Sector 1
Marcal
Sector2
Cariango
CamuxibaPopular
28 de Agosto
Precol
Compao
Cambamba I
Imbondeiro
Bairro Da Paz
C.T.T
Imbondeiros
Prenda
Malanginho
Combustiveis
Kawelele
Farol Das Lagostas
Marconi
Maria Eugenia Neto
Terra Nova
Alto Kifangondo
Corimba
Bairro Operario
Sector 4
Orlog
Cardoso
Mulemba
Banga We
Chapas
Sagrada Esperanca
Roque Santeiro
E 15
Casa Branca
Agostinho Neto
Ilha Da Madeira
Cacuaco Sede
Zona A
Samba Grande
Boa Esperança
500 casas
????
Chicala II
1 De Maio
Ecocampo
Jemba (4 de Abril)
Sagrada Esperanca
Val SarocaCemiterio
Bairro Militar
Campismo
Chicala I
Porto Pesquerio
Dez Casas
Anangola
BandeiraOssos
Bairro Azul
Petrangol
Adriano Moreira
Bairro Sujo
Saneamento
Anteiro
Sao Paulo
Swapo
Encibi
Cassequel BuracoSarmento RogriguesMartir De Kifangondo
Cassequel do Imbondeiro
Kikolo Sede
Anangola ????
Samba Pequena
Coreia (???)
Miramar
Praia De Bispo
Nguanha
SambizangaBairro Cruzeiro
Madame Berma
Cassequel Lourenco
Bairro da Policia
Forno de Cal
Baixo Quifangondo
Bairro chines
Zangado
Cemiterio Novo
Nelitos Soares
Nova Esperanca
Cambamba I
Futungo de Belas
Morro Bento I
Quenguela Norte
Tanque Serra
Cardoso
VIANA
CACUACO
SAMBA
KILAMBA KIAXI
CAZENGA
MAIANGA
SAMBIZANGA
INGOMBOTA
RANGEL
VIANA SEDE
FUNDA
CALUMBO
BENFICA
KIFANGONDO
RAMIRO
CAMAMA
KIKOLO CACUACO SEDE
GOLFE
FUTUNGO
MUSSULO
ESTORIL
CAZENGA
PALANCA
TALA HADI
CASSEQUEL
ROCHA PINTO
HOJI YA HENDA
NGOLA KILUANJE
PRENDASAMBA
MAIANGA TERRA NOVA
SAMBIZANGA
KINANGARANGEL
NEVES BENDINHA
MARCAL
ILHA DO CABO
290000
290000
300000
300000
310000
310000
320000
320000
330000
330000
340000
340000
89
90
00
0 899
00
00
90
00
00
0 900
00
00
90
10
00
0 901
00
00
90
20
00
0 902
00
00
90
30
00
0 903
00
00
90
40
00
0 904
00
00
SCSP Intervention AreaSLP Intervention AreaLUCPP Intervention Area LURE Intervention AreaBairros BoundariesCommune BoundariesMunicipality Boundaries
LEGENG
1:200000Scale:
Cliente: LUPP
Projecto: LUPP
Desenho: LUPP Intevention Areas
Elaborou
Data:
28/05/04
Ref:
Aprovou
C.P 3360Rua Rei Katyavala 113Luanda-AngolaPhone: 448371/77/66Fax: [email protected]
C.P 248Huambo-AngolaPhone: 244-41-20338/20081Fax: (244-41)[email protected]
Local Urban Poverty Observatories
SISTEMA NACIONAL DE INFORMAÇÃO TERRITORIAL
Local Observatories
• Most of the observatories adopt a multi-sectoral approach, collecting and analyzing urban/national indicators
• Consultative processes involve a wide range of actors and institutions that identify these priorities
• Sensitize stakeholders to urban issues that are collectively agreed-upon by using indicators and urban data processed in easy-to-understand formats, such as maps and visual aids
• Use of geo-referenced information and statistical information to promote broad public access to that information.
• GIS experts are essential to process data to integrate spatial analysis.
Monitoring Methodology/Approaches• Baseline Indicators: slum locations, size,
services, housing conditions (using 1990 data)• Policies: relocation or upgrading (site selection);
infrastructure provisions (water, sanitation …); service provisions (health, education…); civic rights (land tenure, housing security); environmental protection (flooding, climate adaptation)
• Outcome Indicators: Measuring improvements improved coverage? or improved access (quantifiable and qualifiable)• Validating information through participatory
community monitoring
Participatory Monitoring in AngolaParticipatory Monitoring in Angola
SISTEMA NACIONAL DE INFORMAÇÃO TERRITORIAL
Voices of Citizens for Urban Change
To influence more inclusive municipal planning processes, and equitable access to improved urban services for the poor by:
• promoting community participation in monitoring urban poverty indicators related to the Millennium Development Goals
• providing evidence-based information as inputs into municipal plans;
• Building an urban poverty network that advocates for equitable access to improved basic services and promote participatory governance;
• increase sustainable access basic services by promoting community management models to ensure that consumer voices are heard.
SISTEMA NACIONAL DE INFORMAÇÃO TERRITORIAL
Building Capacity & Ownership• local institutions were trained in
participatory diagnostic tools • Multi-stakeholder teams were
composed including technicians from the National Planning Institute (INOTU), civil society and local government to ensure the confidence and co-ownership of the data.
• regular collection of information and monitoring of specific indicators at the local level to measure change.
• the creation spaces for consultation and negotiation between communities, government and civil society institutions
SISTEMA NACIONAL DE INFORMAÇÃO TERRITORIAL
Geographic Information Systems
Participatory Mapping
Remote sensing: Applied GIS tools for collecting urban information, using aerial photographs and satellite images.
SISTEMA NACIONAL DE INFORMAÇÃO TERRITORIAL
• Household surveys made by teams comprised of technicians from INOTU, university students and community groups, under the supervision and technical support of DW.
• Data on MDGs was validated by interviews with key informants and focus groups in all bairros in Luanda.
• Data mapped & put into the public domain. Provided to urban planners, ministries, municipal administrators, community associations.
Participatory Research
SISTEMA NACIONAL DE INFORMAÇÃO TERRITORIAL
Municipal Forums• monitoring results are
presented to the Municipal Forums & CACs
• strengthens the capacity of local authorities and civil society to ensure inclusive and participatory local development.
• demonstrated spaces for consultation between local authorities and civil society on urban issues and promotes municipal democratisation.
MDG Mapping of Luanda - findings
Findings: Land Tenure
• The majority of peri-urban residents acquired their and houses through informal mechanismsand don't have access to mechanisms to regularize their land.
• Most of poor families accumulated savings are tied up in the land they occupy and the house they built or purchase • Rapid development of informal markets for the purchase and renting of land and property• Formal titling is very rare, but levels of perceived tenure security is high
Land Value Mapping in Luanda 2010
SISTEMA NACIONAL DE INFORMAÇÃO TERRITORIAL
Mapping of Housing Quality & Durability
Housing is considered durable if built in a non-hazardous location and has a structure permanent and adequate to protect the inhabitants of the weather such as rain, heat, cold and moisture.
SISTEMA NACIONAL DE INFORMAÇÃO TERRITORIAL
Mapping of Environmental Risk Areas
5/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m3
14/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m314/Km/1m3
8/Km/1m3
13/Km
12/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m312/Km/1m3
10/Km/1m3
<1/Km/1m3
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Mapping of Water Access & Afordability
M.Baixo Baixo Medio Alto M.AltoIngombota 6.2 6.5 4.2 4.6 3.5Maianga 16.2 10.7 15.3 11.5 17.0Rangel 8.1 4.2 2.7 7.6 0.8Sambizanga 12.3 14.5 22.9 14.1 17.0Cazenga 4.2 6.5 2.7 11.8 3.1K.Kiaxi 15.0 17.2 17.2 17.9 16.6Samba 13.5 15.6 14.1 10.7 23.2Cacuaco 8.5 13.4 8.4 3.4 5.4Viana 16.2 11.5 12.6 18.3 13.5Total 100 100 100 100 100
Nivel de consumoMunicipio
Waste Water Drainage
Domestic Solid Watse Removal
Indicator Sub-indicator Rating
Indicator 1: Population density and overcrowding
Housing is considered to provide a sufficient living area for the household members
Baixa Densidade (<100 pop/Ha) 1
Média Densidade (100-300 pop/Ha) 1
Alta Densidade (300-500 pop/Ha) com algumas áreas sobrepovoadas
2
Sobrepovoamento Acima dos 50,000 pessoas por km2 (500> pop/Ha)
3
Indicator 2: Security of Tenure
Defined by the right of all individuals and groups to effective protection by the State against forced evictions.
Planificado / organizado / titulada 1
Requalificável/organizavel/Não tituladas 2
Desorganizada / não planificada 3
Indicator 3: Housing quality and location
Material de construção das habitações Tijolos / Blocos de cimento 1
Adobe revestido de cimento ou Madeira 2
Pau-a pique, adobe não revestido ouchapas
3
Material de cobertura do tecto Telhas, ou concreto 1
Chapas de zinco 2
Capim 3
Localização Segura / Baixos Riscos 1
Sem drenagem / Acesso limitado e Risco Médio 2
Zonas de inundações/ Utility Clearance / zona de cinistros / Alto Risco
3
Indicator Sub-inticador Rating
Indicator 4: Access to safe affordable water
A household is considered to have access to improved water supply if it has sufficient amount of water for family use, at an affordable price, available to household members without being subject to extreme effort, especially to women and children.
Conexão à rede de água canalizada 1
Chafarizes ou cacimbas melhoradas com bombas manuais
2
Sem acesso a água potável (o Mercado informal de água, ou cacimbas tadicionais)
3
Indicator 5: Access to adequate sanitation
A household is considered to have adequate access to sanitation, if an excreta disposal system, either in the form of a private toilet or a toilet shared between a maximum of two families.
Conexão a rede de drenagem 1
Fossa septica 2
Latrinas Secas melhorads 2
Sem serviços / serviços inadequados / latrines públicas 3
Recolecção de resíduos sólidos Regular / recolha domiciliar 1
Irregular / contentores / depositos 2
Nenhum 3
SISTEMA NACIONAL DE INFORMAÇÃO TERRITORIAL
Composite poverty map of all MDG indicators
Urban Challenges
76% of Luanda’s population lives in
informal Musseques
Development Workshop Angola
CRESCIMENTO EXPANSIVO
1989 - 100,80 Km²
1998 - 253,27 Km²
2000 - 270,05 Km²
1980 - 19,42 Km²
2010 – 350,00 Km²
Luanda’s rapid urban growth in war and post-war years
Financing urban development• Large-scale investment is needed in bulk provision,
such as mains water supply and treatment, final rubbish disposal sites and mains sewerage.
• Financing urban development in a situation such as Luanda, which has a low fiscal base, is a severe challenge.
• This is due partly to the poverty of the majority of the inhabitants.
• The weak taxation regime in general partly due to a lack of up-to-date cadastre and population census.
• Financing is required at a scale that even the state cannot afford.
• Partnerships with private sector and international lenders are necessary.
• China has been the principal financer of Angolan reconstruction.
Background on Angola & China
• Angola is China’s principal African trading partner• 25% of China’s African commerce is with Angola• 15% of China’s petroleum imports are from Angola• Angola and China are two of the fastest urbanising countries in
the world.• At 7% growth Luanda is the fastest growing city in Southern
Africa.• Much of Angola’s post-war reconstruction is financed by
Chinese credit lines.• Chinese – Angolan economic cooperation is estimated to be
about US$ 25 billion over the last decade.
Contracts of Chinese Companies in Angola (2003 – 2009), US$ millions
Chinese Economic Cooperation
Angola’s Poverty Reduction Strategy
The Angolan Government has adopted four strategies that could have significant impacts on reducing urban poverty:
1. Water for All aims to bring an adequate and affordable supply of water to 80% of peri-urban and rural families by the end of 2012.
2. One million house programme aims to deliver social housing to the homeless by 2012.
3. Decentralisation and fiscal deconcentration aims to have democratically elected municipal councils after 2012.
4. Commitment to the Millennium Development Goals to reduce poverty by 50% by 2015.
SISTEMA NACIONAL DE INFORMAÇÃO TERRITORIAL
Obrigado