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ProWPFinC# 2010:Windows Presentation Foundation in
.NET 4
Matthew MacDonald
Apress*
Contents
About the Author xxvi
About the Technical Reviewer xxvil
Acknowledgments xxviii
Introduction xxix
Chapter 1: Introducing WPF 1
The Evolution of Windows Graphics 1
DirectX: The New Graphics Engine 2
Hardware Acceleration and WPF 3
WPF: A Higher-Level API 4
Windows Forms Lives On 6
DirectX Also Lives On 6
Silverlight 6
Resolution Independence 7
WPF Units 8
System DPI 9
Bitmap and Vector Graphics 12
The Architecture of WPF 12
The Class Hierarchy 14
WPF 4 17
New Features 17
The WPF Toolkit 18
Visual Studio 2010 18
The Last Word 21
Chapter 2: XAML 23
Understanding XAML 24
Graphical User Interfaces Before WPF 24
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CONTENTS
The Variants of XAML 25
XAML Compilation 26
XAML Basics 27
XAML Namespaces 28
The Code-Behind Class 30
Properties and Events in XAML 32
Simple Properties and Type Converters 34
Complex Properties 35
Markup Extensions 37
Attached Properties 38
Nesting Elements 39
Special Characters and Whitespace 42
Events 44
The Full Eight Ball Example 45
Using Types from Other Namespaces 46
Loading and Compiling XAML 48
Code-Only 48
Code and Uncompiled XAML 51
Code and Compiled XAML 53
XAML Only 55
XAML 2009 56
Automatic Event Hookup 56
References 58
Built-in Types 58
Advanced Object Creation 59
The Last Word 60
IChapter 3: Layout 61
Understanding Layout in WPF 61
The WPF Layout Philosophy 62
The Layout Process 63
The Layout Containers 63
Simple Layout with the StackPanel 65
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Si CONTENTS
Layout Properties b'
Alignment 68
Margin 69
Minimum, Maximum, and Explicit Sizes 71
The Border 74
The WrapPanel and DockPanel 75
TheWrapPanel 76
The DockPanel 77
Nesting Layout Containers 79
The Grid 80
Fine-Tuning Rows and Columns 83
Layout Rounding 85
Spanning Rows and Columns 86
Split Windows 87
Shared Size Groups 91
The UniformGrid 93
Coordinate-Based Layout with the Canvas 94
Z-Order 95
The InkCanvas 96
Layout Examples 99
A Column of Settings 99
Dynamic Content 100
A Modular User Interface 102
The Last Word 104
Chapter 4: Dependency Properties 105
Understanding Dependency Properties 105
Defining a Dependency Property 106
Registering a Dependency Property 107
Adding a Property Wrapper 109
How WPF Uses Dependency Properties 110
Shared Dependency Properties 111
Attached Dependency Properties 112
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CONTENTS
Property Validation 114
The Validation Callback 114
The Coercion Callback 115
The Last Word 118
Chapter 5: Routed Events 119
Understanding Routed Events 119
Defining, Registering, and Wrapping a Routed Event 120
Sharing Routed Events 121
Raising a Routed Event 121
Handling a Routed Event 121
Event Routing 123
The RoutedEventArgs Class 125
Bubbling Events 126
Handling a Suppressed Event 129
Attached Events 129
Tunneling Events 131
WPF Events 133
Lifetime Events 133
Input Events 136
Keyboard Input 137
Handling a Key Press 138
Focus 140
Getting Key State 141
Mouse Input 143
Mouse Clicks 144
Capturing the Mouse 146
Drag-and-Drop 146
Multitouch Input 149
The Levels of Multitouch Support 150
Raw Touch 150
Manipulation 153
Inertia 156
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CONTENTS
The Last Word 157
Chapter 6: Controls 159
The Control Class 160
Background and Foreground Brushes 160
Fonts 163
Mouse Cursors 168
Content Controls 169
The Content Property 171
Aligning Content 173
The WPF Content Philosophy 174
Labels 175
Buttons 177
Tooltips 180
Specialized Containers 188
The ScrollViewer 188
Headered Content Controls 192
TheGroupBox 192
TheTabltem 193
The Expander 195
Text Controls 197
Multiple Lines of Text 198
Text Selection 199
Spell Checking 200
The PasswordBox 202
List Controls 202
The ListBox 203
The ComboBox 206
Range-Based Controls 207
The Slider 208
The ProgressBar 209
Date Controls 210
The Last Word 213
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CONTENTS
Chapter 7: The Application 215
The Application Life Cycle 215
Creating an Application Object 216
Deriving a Custom Application Class 217
Application Shutdown 218
Application Events 220
Application Tasks 222
Showing a Splash Screen 222
Handling Command-Line Arguments 223
Accessing the Current Application 224
Interacting Between Windows 225
Single-Instance Applications 227
Assembly Resources 234
Adding Resources 284
Retrieving Resources 236
Pack URIs 237
Content Files 239
Localization 239
Building Localizabie User Interfaces 240
Preparing an Application for Localization 241
The Translation Process 242
The Last Word 248
Chapter 8: Element Binding 249
Binding Elements Together 249
The Binding Expression 250
Binding Errors 251
Binding Modes 251
Creating Bindings with Code 254
Multiple Bindings 255
Binding Updates 259
Binding to Objects That Aren't Elements 260
Source 261
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CONTENTS
RelativeSource
DataContext 263
The Last Word 264
Chapter 9: Commands 265
Understanding Commands 265
The WPF Command Model 267
The ICommand Interface 267
The RoutedCommand Class 268
The RoutedUICommand Class 269
The Command Library 269
Executing Commands 271
Command Sources 271
Command Bindings 272
Using Multiple Command Sources 275
Fine-Tuning Command Text 276
Invoking a Command Directly 276
Disabling Commands 277
Controls with Built-in Commands 280
Advanced Commands 282
Custom Commands 282
Using the Same Command in Different Places 284
Using a Command Parameter 286
Tracking and Reversing Commands 286
The Last Word 291
Chapter 10: Resources 293
Resource Basics 293
The Resources Collection 294
The Hierarchy of Resources 295
Static and Dynamic Resources 297
Nonshared Resources 299
Accessing Resources in Code 299
Application Resources 300
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CONTENTS
System Resources 301
Resource Dictionaries 302
Creating a Resource Dictionary 302
Using a Resource Dictionary 303
Sharing Resources Between Assemblies 304
The Last Word 307
Chapter 11: Styles and Behaviors 309
Style Basics 309
Creating a Style Object 313
Setting Properties 314
Attaching Event Handlers 316
The Many Layers of Styles 317
Automatically Applying Styles by Type 319
Triggers 320
A Simple Trigger 321
An Event Trigger 323
Behaviors 325
Getting Support for Behaviors 325
Understanding the Behavior Model 326
Creating a Behavior 327
Using a Behavior 329
Design-Time Behavior Support in Blend 330
The Last Word 331
Chapter 12: Shapes, Brushes, and Transforms ..333
Understanding Shapes 333
The Shape Classes 334
Rectangle and Ellipse 337
Sizing and Placing Shapes 338
Scaling Shapes with a Viewbox 341
Line 343
Polyline 344
Polygon 345
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a CONTENTS
Line Caps and Line Joins J4°
Dashes 349
Pixel Snapping 351
Brushes 352
The SolidColorBrush 353
The LinearGradientBrush 354
The RadialGradientBrush 356
The ImageBrush 358
A Tiled ImageBrush 360
The VisualBmsh 363
The BitmapCacheBrush 364
Transforms 365
Transforming Shapes 367
Transforming Elements 369
Transparency 370
Making an Element Partially Transparent 370
Opacity Masks 372
The Last Word 374
Chapter 13: Geometries and Drawings 375
Paths and Geometries 375
Line, Rectangle, and Ellipse Geometries 376
Combining Shapes with GeometryGroup 377
Fusing Geometries with CombinedGeometry 379
Curves and Lines with PathGeometry 383
The Geometry Mini-Language 388
Clipping with Geometry 391
Drawings 392
Displaying a Drawing 394
Exporting Clip Art 396
The Last Word 398
Chapter 14: Effects and Visuals 399
Visuals 399
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CONTENTS
Drawing Visuals ^00
Wrapping Visuals in an Element 402
Hit Testing 405
Complex Hit Testing 408
Effects 411
BlurEffect 412
DropShadowEffect 413
ShaderEffect 414
The WriteableBitmap Class 416
Generating a Bitmap 416
Writing to a WriteableBitmap 417
More Efficient Pixel Writing 419
The Last Word 422
Chapter 15: Animation Basics 423
Understanding WPF Animation 423
Timer-Based Animation 424
Property-Based Animation 425
Basic Animation 426
The Animation Classes 426
Animations in Code 429
Simultaneous Animations 434
Animation Lifetime 434
The Timeline Class 436
Storyboards 439
The Storyboard 440
Event Triggers 440
Overlapping Animations 443
Synchronized Animations 444
Controlling Playback 445
Monitoring Progress 450
Animation Easing 452
Using an Easing Function 452
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CONTENTS
Easing In and Easing Out 4DJ
Easing Function Classes 45^
Creating a Custom Easing Function 458
Animation Performance 4^0
Desired Frame Rate 460
Bitmap Caching 463
The Last Word 465
Chapter 16: Advanced Animation 467
Animation Types Revisited 467
Animating Transforms 468
Animating Brushes 472
Animating Pixel Shaders 475
Key Frame Animation 477
Discrete Key Frame Animations 478
Easing Key Frames 479
Spline Key Frame Animations 480
Path-Based Animation 481
Frame-Based Animation 483
Storyboards in Code 487
The Main Window 488
The Bomb User Control 490
Dropping the Bombs 491
Intercepting a Bomb 494
Counting Bombs and Cleaning Up 496
The Last Word 498
Chapter 17: Control Templates 499
Understanding Logical Trees and Visual Trees 500
Understanding Templates 506
The Chrome Classes 509
Dissecting Controls 510
Creating Control Templates 513
A Simple Button 514
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CONTENTS
Template Bindings 515
Triggers That Change Properties 517
Triggers That Use Animation 520
Organizing Template Resources 521
Refactoring the Button Control Template 522
Applying Templates with Styles 524
Applying Templates Automatically 527
User-Selected Skins 528
Building More Complex Templates 530
Nested Templates 531
Modifying the Scroll Bar 533
The Control Template Examples 538
Visual States 540
The Last Word 541
IChapter 18: Custom Elements 543
Understanding Custom Elements in WPF 544
Building a Basic User Control 547
Defining Dependency Properties 548
Defining Routed Events 551
Adding Markup 552
Using the Control 554
Command Support 555
A Closer Look at User Controls 558
Creating a Lookless Control 559
Refactoring the Color Picker Code 560
Refactoring the Color Picker Markup 560
Streamlining the Control Template 563
Theme-Specific Styles and the Default Style 566
Supporting Visual States 568
Starting the FlipPanel Class 569
Choosing Parts and States 572
The Default Control Template 573
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CONTENTS
Using the FlipPanel jau
Using a Different Control Template 581
Custom Panels 582
The Two-Step Layout Process 583
The Canvas Clone 586
A Better Wrapping Panel 587
Custom-Drawn Elements 590
The OnRenderO Method 591
Evaluating Custom Drawing 592
A Custom-Drawn Element 593
A Custom Decorator 595
The Last Word 597
Chapter 19: Data Binding 599
Binding to a Database with Custom Objects 599
Building a Data Access Component 600
Building a Data Object 603
Displaying the Bound Object 604
Updating the Database 606
Change Notification 607
Binding to a Collection of Objects 609
Displaying and Editing Collection Items 610
Inserting and Removing Collection Items 614
Binding to the ADO.NET Objects 615
Binding to a UNQ Expression 616
Improving Performance in Large Lists 619
Visualization 619
Item Container Recycling 621
Deferred Scrolling 621
Validation 621
Validation in the Data Object 622
Custom Validation Rules 626
Reacting to Validation Errors 628
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CONTENTS
Getting a List of Errors 629
Showing a Different Error Indicator 630
Validating Multiple Values 633
Data Providers 636
The ObjectDataProvider 637
The XmlDataProvider 640
The Last Word 642
Chapter 20: Formatting Bound Data 643
Data Binding Redux 643
Data Conversion 645
The StringFormat Property 645
Introducing Value Converters 647
Formatting Strings with a Value Converter 648
Creating Objects with a Value Converter 650
Applying Conditional Formatting 653
Evaluating Multiple Properties 654
List Controls 656
List Styles 658
The ItemContainerStyle 659
A ListBox with Check Boxes or Radio Buttons 660
Alternating Item Style 663
Style Selectors 665
Data Templates 668
Separating and Reusing Templates 671
More Advanced Templates 672
Varying Templates 675
Template Selectors 676
Templates and Selection 679
Changing Item Layout 684
The ComboBox 686
The Last Word 689
Chapter 21: Data Views 691
xvii
Si CONTENTS
The View Object 091
Retrieving a View Object 692
Navigating with a View ^92
Creating a View Declaratively 695
Filtering, Sorting, and Grouping 697
Filtering Collections 697
Filtering the DataTable 701
Sorting 702
Grouping 703
The Last Word 7
Chapter 22: Lists, Grids, and Trees 709
The ListView 710
Creating Columns with the GridView 711
Creating a Custom View 715
The TreeView 724
A Data-Bound TreeView 724
Binding a DataSet to a TreeView 728
Just-in-Time Node Creation 729
The DataGrid 732
Resizing and Rearranging Columns 734
Defining Columns 735
Formatting and Styling Columns 740
Formatting Rows 742
Row Details 744
Freezing Columns 745
Selection 745
Sorting 746
DataGrid Editing 746
The Last Word 749
Chapter 23: Windows 751
The Window Class 751
Showing a Window 754
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CONTENTS
Positioning a Window 75^
Saving and Restoring Window Location 756
Window Interaction 758
Window Ownership 760
The Dialog Model 761
Common Dialog Boxes ?62
Nonrectangular Windows 763
A Simple Shaped Window 763
A Transparent Window with Shaped Content 766
Moving Shaped Windows 768
Resizing Shaped Windows 769
Putting It All Together: A Custom Control Template for Windows 770
The Aero Glass Effect 7
Programming the Windows 7 Taskbar 779
Using Jump Lists 779
Changing the Taskbar Icon and Preview 784
The Last Word 790
Chapter 24: Pages and Navigation 791
Understanding Page-Based Navigation 791
Page-Based Interfaces 792
A Simple Page-Based Application with NavigationWindow 793
The Page Class 795
Hyperlinks 796
Hosting Pages in a Frame 799
Hosting Pages in Another Page 800
Hosting Pages in a Web Browser 802
The Page History 803
A Closer LookatURIs in WPF 803
Navigation History 804
Maintaining Custom Properties 805
The Navigation Service 806
Programmatic Navigation 806
xix
CONTENTS
Navigation Events ouo
Managing the Journal 809
Adding Custom Items to the Journal 811
Page Functions 816
XAML Browser Applications 819
XBAP Requirements 819
Creating an XBAP 820
Deploying an XBAP 821
Updating an XBAP 823
XBAP Security 824
Full-Trust XBAPs 826
Combination XBAP/Stand-Alone Applications 826
Coding for Different Security Levels 827
Embedding an XBAP in a Web Page 832
The WebBrowser Control 833
Navigating to a Page 833
Building a DOM Tree 835
Scripting a Web Page with .NET Code 837
The Last Word 840
Chapter 25: Menus, Toolbars, and Ribbons 841
Menus 841
The Menu Class 841
Menu Items 843
The ContextMenu Class 845
Menu Separators 846
Toolbars and Status Bars 847
The ToolBar 847
The StatusBar 851
Ribbons 852
Adding the Ribbon 853
Styling the Ribbon 854
Commands 855
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CONTENTS
The Application Menu 856
Tabs, Groups, and Buttons 859
Ribbon Sizing 862
The Quick access Toolbar 864
The Last Word 866
Chapter 26: Sound and Video 365
Playing WAV Audio 865
The SoundPlayer 866
The SoundPlayerAction 867
System Sounds 868
The MediaPlayer 868
The MediaElement 871
Playing Audio Programmatically 871
Handling Errors 872
Playing Audio with Triggers 872
Playing Multiple Sounds 875
Changing Volume, Balance, Speed, and Position 876
Synchronizing an Animation with Audio 878
Playing Video 880
Video Effects 881
Speech 885
Speech Synthesis 885
Speech Recognition 887
The Last Word 889
Chapter 27: 3-D Drawing 889
3-D Drawing Basics 889
The Viewport 890
3-D Objects 890
The Camera 899
Deeper into 3-D 903
Shading and Normals 905
More Complex Shapes 909
xxi
CONTENTS
Model3DGroup Collections JIU
Materials Revisited 912
Texture Mapping 914
Interactivity and Animations 918
Transforms 919
Rotations 920
A Fly Over 921
The Trackball 923
Hit Testing 925
2-D Elements on 3-D Surfaces 929
The Last Word 932
Chapter 28: Documents 935
Understanding Documents 935
Flow Documents 936
The Flow Elements 937
Formatting Content Elements 939
Constructing a Simple Flow Document 941
Block Elements 942
Inline Elements 949
Interacting with Elements Prog rammatically 956
Text Justification 959
Read-Only Flow Document Containers 960
Zooming 961
Pages and Columns 962
Loading Documents from a File 965
Printing 966
Editing a Flow Document 967
Loading a File 967
Saving a File 969
Formatting Selected Text 970
Getting Individual Words 973
Fixed Documents 974
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CONTENTS
Annotations 976
The Annotation Classes 977
Enabling the Annotation Service 977
Creating Annotations 979
Examining Annotations 982
Reacting to Annotation Changes 986
Storing Annotations in a Fixed Document 986
Customizing the Appearance of Sticky Notes 987
The Last Word 988
Chapter 29: Printing 989
Basic Printing 989
Printing an Element 990
Transforming Printed Output 993
Printing Elements Without Showing Them 995
Printing a Document 996
Manipulating the Pages in a Document Printout 1000
Custom Printing 1002
Printing with the Visual Layer Classes 1002
Custom Printing with Multiple Pages 1006
Print Settings and Management 1012
Maintaining Print Settings 1012
Printing Page Ranges 1012
Managing a Print Queue 1013
Printing Through XPS 1016
Creating an XPS Document for a Print Preview 1017
Writing to an In-Memory XPS Document 1018
Printing Directly to the Printer via XPS 1019
Asynchronous Printing 1019
The Last Word 1020
Chapter 30: Interacting with Windows Forms 1019
Assessing Interoperability 1019
Missing Features in WPF 1020
xxiii
« CONTENTS
Mixing Windows and Forms IU<^
Adding Forms to a WPF Application 1022
Adding WPF Windows to a Windows Forms Application 1023
Showing Modal Windows and Forms 1023
Showing Modeless Windows and Forms 1024
Visual Styles for Windows Forms Controls 1024
Windows Forms Classes That Don't Need Interoperability 1025
Creating Windows with Mixed Content 1°29
WPF and Windows Forms "Airspace" 1030
Hosting Windows Forms Controls in WPF 1031
WPF and Windows Forms User Controls 1034
Hosting WPF Controls in Windows Forms 1035
Access Keys, Mnemonics, and Focus 1037
Property Mapping 1039
The Last Word 1041
Chapter 31: Multithreading 1041
Multithreading 1041
The Dispatcher 1042
The DispatcherObject 1042
The BackgroundWorker 1045
The Last Word 1054
Chapter 32: The Add-in Model 1055
Choosing Between MAF and MEF 1055
The Add-in Pipeline 1056
How the Pipeline Works 1057
The Add-in Folder Structure 1059
Preparing a Solution That Uses the Add-in Model 1060
An Application That Uses Add-lns 1063
The Contract 1063
The Add-in View 1064
The Add-In 1064
The Add-in Adapter 1065
xxiv
CONTENTS
The Host View "1066
The Host Adapter 1067
The Host 1067
Adding More Add-lns 1070
Interacting with the Host 1071
Visual Add-lns 1076
The Last Word 1079
Chapter 33: ClickOnce Deployment 1079
Understanding Application Deployment 1080
The ClickOnce Installation Model 1081
ClickOnce Limitations 1082
A Simple ClickOnce Publication 1083
Setting the Publisher and Production 1083
Starting the Publish Wizard 1085
The Deployed File Structure 1091
Installing a ClickOnce Application 1092
Updating a ClickOnce Application 1093
Additional ClickOnce Options 1094
Publish Version 1094
Updates 1095
File Associations 1096
Publish Options 1098
The Last Word 1099
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