Problem-Based LearningPresented by

H. Usman, NorainahHadji Adatu, NajmahPasandalan, Faisiah

WHAT IS PROBLEM BASED TEACHING-LEARNING? It is a teacher-student discussion based educational methodology in which learning originates from a presented problem. In Problem Based Learning (PBL), small groups of students are presented with contextual situations and asked to define the problem, decide what skills and resources are necessary to investigate the problem and then pose possible solutions. (Duch, Groh & Allen, 2001)

The teacher/tutor acts as a facilitator and resource person to gie guidance and advice to students.

OBJECTIVEThe objective oF PBT-L Method is to build knowledge, skills and abilities in students that are required for them to be competent in the future pharmacy profession.

PROCESS OF PBT-L

Unde

rsta

nd

the

prob

lem Problem

engagement

Kow and need to know

Define the problem statement

Seaa

rch

srat

egie

s Gather information

Share information

Generate prossible solution

Seaa

rch

srat

egie

s Determine best fit solution

Present the solution

Debrief the solution

Eval

uatio

n

Asessment of self,group and facilitator

SEARCH STRATEGIES•Gather information- once the learning issues are prioritized, the students need to identify the resources and gather information.•Share information- every student need to share problem related knowledge, information and personal opinions with other members of the group. Students communication skill can be improved through their active participation in the activity.•Generate possible solution- the group has to discuss how the researched information changes the view of the case.

RESOLVE THE PROBLEM•Determined best fit solution- the group has to select the most likely solution and discuss the rationale of choice.•Present the solution- students need to share their understanding with other members of the group.•Debrief the solution- students are required to present their solution and listen to other members presentors. The students learn about different approaches to the problem by comparing their approaches to other approaches.

EVALUATION Each PBT-L should end with discussion about the progress of the session and fulfillment of set objectives. It is essential that the impact of this learning should be properly appraised.

This is done by assessing the students and facilitators performance.

RESPONSIBILITES OF STUDENTS AND FACILITATOR STUDENTS•Self-learning- is a highly essential skill for students which make them competitive in the pharmacy profession. It is the responsiblity of the students to participate actively not only for this learning but also for supporting other members of it.•Integration of various discipline- problem based learning should not occur within a single subject. Students should be able to access, study and integrate the information gathered from all the disciplines that might be useful in understang and resolving problems.•Creative thinking, collaboration and communication skills- students shoud be able to think critically on the problem and generated solution to the problem.

RESPONSIBILITES OF STUDENTS AND FACILITATOR FACILITATOR•Select an appropriate problem •Should have abilities and skills•Assess the group to set early goals and tutorial plan•Guide the students •Must be active and directive•Act as a resource person to the group

•Be honest•Encourage and motivate•Attend the orientation/training workshops and meetings•Help the students to improve study methods•Review learning objectives•Ask appropriate questions to facilitate questions

INNOVATIONS IN PBT-L•Computerized PBT-L (CPBT-L)- is used to replace the facilitator group sessions or supplement traditional facilitator led sessionsFacilitator’s job has been simulated by a computer program. Substitution of facilitator by computerization reduces the personel requirements

Students can use material to review their materials.•Email assisted problem based teaching/learning- simple and cost-effecive approach to the traditoinal PBT-L which provides an efficient and economical means of communication between a facilitator and a large number of student discussion groups

CONCLUSIONPBT- L is a very useful learning strategy that enhances the skills of the student in seeking solutions critically and analytically to the real world problems which will be useful on their future work or other relevant fields.