problem identification research questions constructs & variables research design

Problem identification Research questions Constructs & Variables Research design

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Problem identification

Research questionsConstructs & Variables

Research design

Randomized experiments Controlling and manipulating variables Random assignment Independent vars vary within and between subjects Threats to internal validity

Selection / selection by maturation Maturation History Instumentation Mortality

Page 3: Problem identification Research questions Constructs & Variables Research design

Classification of research

Quantitative Experimental Non-experimental

Correlational Ex Post Facto Longitudinal / Cross-sectional / Cohort sequential Survey Natural / systematic observation Meta-analysis

Qualitative (negative case analysis) Phenomenology In-depth interview Ethnografic Participant observation Case study

Descriptive

Experimental

Basic research designs

Research Design

Exploratory ResearchDesign

Causal Research

Conclusive ResearchDesign

Descriptive Research

SurveyData

Observational& Other Data

ExperimentalData

Page 5: Problem identification Research questions Constructs & Variables Research design

Experimentation as Conclusive Research

ConclusiveResearch

Descriptive Causal

Experimentation

Field Experiments

LaboratoryExperiments

Page 6: Problem identification Research questions Constructs & Variables Research design

A Classification of Experimental Designs

Experimental Designs

StatisticalFactorialDesign

Quasi-Experimental

•Time Series

•Multiple Time Series

True Experimental•Pretest-Posttest Control Group •Posttest-Only Control Group

Pre Experimental•One-Shot Case Study•One Group Pretest-

Posttest•Static Group

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Constructs, concepts, variables – research questions ... · one variable causes or leads to a change in the other variable. As we noted previously, the causal As we noted previously,

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