problem mapping in career counseling: the nexus of career and mental health counseling gary w....
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Problem Mapping in Problem Mapping in Career Counseling: Career Counseling: The Nexus of Career The Nexus of Career and Mental Health and Mental Health
CounselingCounselingGary W. PetersonGary W. Peterson
Kathryn K. LeasureKathryn K. Leasure
Florida State UniversityFlorida State University
July 1, 2004July 1, 2004
Common Questions from Common Questions from Clients in Career CounselingClients in Career Counseling
What should I major in?What should I major in?
What jobs or occupations are suitable What jobs or occupations are suitable for me?for me?
I’ve just been laid off and need a job. I’ve just been laid off and need a job. Can you help me?Can you help me?
How can a counselor and How can a counselor and client acquire a full client acquire a full appreciation and common appreciation and common understanding of the life understanding of the life context out of which these context out of which these questions arise?questions arise?
Problem MappingProblem Mapping
A projective technique that A projective technique that enables a client to enables a client to construct elements of the construct elements of the problem spaceproblem space
Career Problem SpaceCareer Problem Space
All cognitive and affective All cognitive and affective components contained in working components contained in working memory as individuals approach memory as individuals approach a career problem-solving taska career problem-solving task
Problem Space Problem Space WorksheetWorksheet
A list of all elements in the A list of all elements in the problem spaceproblem space
A spatial representation of A spatial representation of elements in the problem spaceelements in the problem space
The Purpose of The Purpose of Problem MappingProblem Mapping
A screening measure used in intake A screening measure used in intake assessmentassessment
An assessment of complexity in readiness An assessment of complexity in readiness for career counselingfor career counseling
An exploration of the Communication An exploration of the Communication Phase of the CASVE CyclePhase of the CASVE Cycle
A component in the development of an ILPA component in the development of an ILP
ProceduresProcedures
STEP 1: ElicitationSTEP 1: Elicitation
STEP 2: ConstructionSTEP 2: Construction
STEP 3: ElaborationSTEP 3: Elaboration
STEP 4: Individualized Learning PlanSTEP 4: Individualized Learning Plan
STEP 1: ELICITATIONSTEP 1: ELICITATION
Compose elements of the Compose elements of the problem spaceproblem space
STEP 2: CONSTRUCTIONSTEP 2: CONSTRUCTION
Draw a spatial representation Draw a spatial representation of the spaceof the space
STEP 3: ELABORATIONSTEP 3: ELABORATION
ExploreExplore Influence of each elementInfluence of each element Relative influence of each elementRelative influence of each element Relationship among elementsRelationship among elements Relationship to other assessmentsRelationship to other assessments Elements that require further explorationElements that require further exploration
STEP 4: ILPSTEP 4: ILP
Develop an Individualized Learning PlanDevelop an Individualized Learning Plan
CASE STUDY: NedCASE STUDY: Ned
24 year-old computer programmer24 year-old computer programmer
Married, no childrenMarried, no children
Complains of boredom, monotonyComplains of boredom, monotony
Wants a more exciting career pathWants a more exciting career path
Screening Assessments: NedScreening Assessments: Ned
InterviewInterview
Problem Space WorksheetProblem Space Worksheet
Career Thoughts InventoryCareer Thoughts Inventory
Ned’s List of ElementsNed’s List of Elements
Ned’s Problem MapNed’s Problem Map
Ned’s CTINed’s CTI
TotalTotal T=61T=61
Decision-Making ConfusionDecision-Making Confusion T=60T=60
External ConflictExternal Conflict T=60T=60
Commitment AnxietyCommitment Anxiety T=69T=69
Ned’s ILPNed’s ILP
Ned’s MMPINed’s MMPI
Population Population Characteristics of Characteristics of
Problem Mapping TaskProblem Mapping Task Participants were students enrolled in an Participants were students enrolled in an
undergraduate career planning courseundergraduate career planning course n=95n=95 47 males, 48 females47 males, 48 females 18-23 years old (18-23 years old (m=m=20)20) 59% Caucasian, 14% Hispanic-American, 59% Caucasian, 14% Hispanic-American,
14% African-America14% African-America 37% Business majors, 12% undecided37% Business majors, 12% undecided
ProceduresProcedures
Group AdministrationGroup Administration Informed ConsentInformed Consent Instructions Read Aloud Instructions Read Aloud 5 Minutes Recommended to List Factors5 Minutes Recommended to List Factors 3 Minutes Recommended for Mapping3 Minutes Recommended for Mapping Maximum Time Used: 11 MinutesMaximum Time Used: 11 Minutes
Classification Code for Possible Classification Code for Possible Problem Space Worksheet FactorsProblem Space Worksheet Factors
PRINICPLE PRINICPLE DIMENSIONDIMENSION
CONSTRUCT DEFINITIONCONSTRUCT DEFINITION EXAMPLESEXAMPLES
Quality of LifeQuality of Life The manifestation of values in the work environment to which an The manifestation of values in the work environment to which an individual aspires.individual aspires.
-Happiness-Happiness-Prestige-Prestige-Leisure Time-Leisure Time-Travel-Travel-Variety-Variety
MoneyMoney Factors pertaining to the financial costs and benefits associated Factors pertaining to the financial costs and benefits associated with a given career choice.with a given career choice.
-Salary-Salary-Benefit packages-Benefit packages-Cost of Education-Cost of Education
FamilyFamily Issues surrounding members of the nuclear or extended family, Issues surrounding members of the nuclear or extended family, individually or as a unit.individually or as a unit.
-Mother-Mother-Parents-Parents-Uncles-Uncles
EducationEducation All factors relating to the acquisition of the knowledge necessary for All factors relating to the acquisition of the knowledge necessary for a given career choice.a given career choice.
-Major-Major-Length of program-Length of program-Difficulty of coursework-Difficulty of coursework
InterestsInterests The emotional arousal associated with the career domain being The emotional arousal associated with the career domain being considered.considered.
-Interesting-Interesting-Not boring-Not boring-I enjoy working with-I enjoy working with computerscomputers
Self-doubtSelf-doubt Any statements that reflect an individuals’ insecurity regarding their Any statements that reflect an individuals’ insecurity regarding their character or abilities.character or abilities.
-Can I do the job?-Can I do the job?-Am I smart enough?-Am I smart enough?-I always change my -I always change my
mindmind
EmploymentEmployment All statements referring to obtaining the desired career position.All statements referring to obtaining the desired career position. -Job market-Job market-Can I get a job after -Can I get a job after
graduation?graduation?-Advancement -Advancement
opportunitiesopportunities
Normative Distribution Normative Distribution Across the CodeAcross the Code
Dimension of Problem SpaceDimension of Problem Space SubcategoriesSubcategories Mean Area Used Mean Area Used (%)(%)
WorkWork 82.382.3
ValuesValues 21.221.2
MoneyMoney 14.314.3
EducationEducation 12.612.6
InterestInterest 8.48.4
Self-DoubtSelf-Doubt 8.08.0
EmploymentEmployment 6.66.6
LocationLocation 5.65.6
SkillsSkills 5.55.5
RelationshipsRelationships 17.417.4
FamilyFamily 11.911.9
Friends/MentorsFriends/Mentors 1.81.8
Significant OthersSignificant Others 1.61.6
Multiple CategoriesMultiple Categories 1.11.1
SocietySociety 0.80.8
SpiritualitySpirituality 0.20.2
UnclassifiedUnclassified 0.30.3
Modal Student Taking a Career Planning Course
Correlation with CTI TotalCorrelation with CTI TotalDimension of Problem SpaceDimension of Problem Space SubcategoriesSubcategories rr
WorkWork -0.02-0.02
ValuesValues -0.17-0.17
MoneyMoney -0.01-0.01
EducationEducation -0.01-0.01
InterestInterest 0.020.02
Self-DoubtSelf-Doubt 0.170.17
EmploymentEmployment 0.25*0.25*
LocationLocation -0.13-0.13
SkillsSkills -0.03-0.03
RelationshipsRelationships 0.020.02
FamilyFamily 0.020.02
Friends/MentorsFriends/Mentors -0.03-0.03
Significant OthersSignificant Others -0.06-0.06
Multiple CategoriesMultiple Categories 0.120.12
SocietySociety -0.05-0.05
SpiritualitySpirituality 0.100.10
UnclassifiedUnclassified -0.00-0.00
Variety of MapsVariety of Maps
Random Placement
Bull’s Eye
PieShape
Interesting ExamplesInteresting Examples
Contradictions Underlying Themes
Strengths and Strengths and Advantages of Problem Advantages of Problem
MappingMapping Holistic Appraisal Holistic Appraisal Full Range of FactorsFull Range of Factors Externalizes the ProblemExternalizes the Problem A Means for Organization of ThoughtsA Means for Organization of Thoughts Circumscribing Affect Circumscribing Affect Common Mental ModelCommon Mental Model Inexpensive and Easy to AdministerInexpensive and Easy to Administer
Limitations and CaveatsLimitations and Caveats
Here-and-Now PerceptionsHere-and-Now Perceptions Invokes Strong EmotionsInvokes Strong Emotions Counselor’s Own ProjectionsCounselor’s Own Projections Unused SpaceUnused Space Client’s Level of InvolvementClient’s Level of Involvement Counselor’s Level of InvolvementCounselor’s Level of Involvement
Questions?Questions?