problem solving. critical thinking enables a person to solve problems and make decisions. therefore...
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Problem Solving
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Problem Solving
Critical Thinking enables a person to solve problems and make decisions. Therefore - Problem solving and decision making are
practical application of critical thinking skills
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Problem Solving
Problem Solving is a systematic process leading to the achievement of outcomes
The ability to solve problems effectively contributes to the delivery of safe, competent nursing care.
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Problem
Definition: Problem [Webster} “ a question raised for inquiry,
consideration, discussion, decision, or solution”
Something “difficult to solve or decide” Problems can be related to: patients,
coworkers, mechanical breakdown, or personal issues.
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Problem Solving
Involves identifying the problem and making choices
Essential to the delivery of competent nursing care.
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Problem SolvingNursing Process Style
Problem solving is a generic process that can be applied to any problem.
Nursing Process differs from generic problem solving in that it is patient centered
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Problem-SolvingNursing Process Style
The problem solving process is the foundation of the nursing process
For nursing practice, problem solving is presented in a nursing process format
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Problem SolvingNursing Process Style
Decision Making is a step in the problem-solving process and is the process of choosing among alternatives
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Problem SolvingNursing Process Style
Steps in the Problem-Solving Process
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Steps in the Problem-Solving Process
Assessment - the existence of a problem must be recognized Data should be collected, compiled, and
organized
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Steps in the Problem-Solving Process
Analysis – problem should be identified and defined clearly
Ask questions: Who? What is the problem? Why do you think that there is a problem?
Determine priority of the problem
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Steps in the Problem-Solving Process
Develop a list of possible strategies Focus on a range of solutions
before selecting the best one Be creative!
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Steps in the Problem-Solving Process
Outcome Identification – clear, concise idea of the desired
destination Measurable Positive and negative outcomes
must be determined
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Steps in the Problem-Solving Process Plan – select the alternative that has the best
chance of success and the least undesirable outcome. Know your resources: patient’s chart, nsg. Texts,
medication books, P&P books, individuals with expertise.
Identify actions/determine priority Make decision
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Steps in the Problem-Solving Process
Implementation – of the chosen solution If actions have been delegated to personnel,
clear and thorough direction must be given. In addition to delegation, this may require
performing nursing actions to achieve the est. goals
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Steps in the Problem-Solving Process Evaluation
Changes may occur in the problem that necessitate immediate revisions
Compare the results obtained with the desired outcome
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Problem Solving Strategies
Do it yourself Influence others Assign someone Do nothing
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Problem Solving Strategies
Do it yourself The problem solver should evaluate his/her
capabilities and expertise and determine whether this is the preferred option
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Problem Solving Strategies Influence Others
Allow the person owning the problem to solve it Eg. Conflict between 2 employees: The nurse
manager may bring the parties together to discuss their issues Interpersonal skills may be used to assist in
conflict resolution, but the employees would be allowed to work out their own solution.
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Problem Solving Strategies
Assign someone – Delegation is the “transferring to a
competent individual the authority to perform a selected nursing task in a selected situation.”
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Problem Solving Strategies
Do Nothing Often a problem will subside on its own The problem solver should recognize when a
problem has the potential to resolve by itself and should consider making a conscious effort not to intervene
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Problem Solving Strategies
Combine knowledge Consultation, collaboration with an expert Talking through the situation
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Pitfalls in Problem-Solving Failure to clearly identify the real problem
Failure to eliminate preconceived ideas in the identification of solutions
Failure to communicate
Failure to follow up
Failure to use appropriate resources