problems - springer978-1-4899-3063-7/1.pdf · size of grade ~m) 75 40 20 10 0 % in grade at inlet...

Problems

1. Calculate the average weight of sand particles having the sieve analysis tabulated below if the density of the sand is 2500 kg m -3 and its volume shape factor, by sieving, is 0.50. Calculate the expected variance, var (1';), if this sand is mixed, in a 4 to 1 ratio, with equisized salt particles having a particle weight of 2400 pg. Assume the bulk powder is very large compared with the abstracted samples of weight 28 g. What is the maximum percentage of salt one would expect in any sample?

Sieve size da ~m)

Fraction retained on each sieve (q,)

Use the formulae:

600 422

o 0.23

294 212 128

0.47 0.21 0.09

Psalt (maximum) =Ps ± 3Uj

2. Discuss the basic requirements for good sampling and the difficulties in meeting them in the case of (a) powders, (b) dusty gases, (c) aerosols.

Calculate the collection efficiency, dust concentration at the outlet and the size grading of the emitted dust from a combined cyclone electrostatic precipitator plant under the conditions tabulated below. If the dust burden is 0.2 kg m-3 and the gas flowrate is 65 m3 S-I, calculate the weight of dust emitted in kg S-I.

Size of grade ~m) 75 40 20 10 0

% in grade at inlet 35 20 15 30

Grade } Cyclone 98.7 95.1 85.5 49 efficiency ESP 98.9 96.6 95.7 83.8

3. Discuss the advantages of the spinning riffler over the cone and quartering method of sampling. Sugar is mixed with sand, in the ratio of 2 to 3 by weight, and split into sixteen samples using a spinning riffler. If the average weight of the particles is 2.22 mg

622 Particle Size Measurement

in each case and the bulk weight is 800 g determine the efficiency of sampling and calculate the maximum error. The percentage composition of sugar in the sixteen samples is as follows: 41.3,38.6,39.2,40.7,40.9,38.9,39.8,40.2,41.1,39.8,38.7, 40.0,41.2,39.8,39.9,39.9.

4. The following table gives the sieve analysis of a powder of density 2500 kg m-3.

Mesh number 52 72 100 150 200 300 Size Cum), d 295 211 152 104 75 53 Wt% retained (qr) 0 5 25 40 25 5

Develop an expression for the weight specific surface of the powder (Sw), and by assuming the particles are spherical evaluate this function for the above powder. If a microscope count gives Sw,a = 295 cm2 g-l determine the ratio of the mean projected area diameter of the powder and the mean sieve diameter.

5. Discuss particle shape as applied to powders. Show that Wadell's sphericity factor (1/1) may be obtained by comparing an Andreasen with a Coulter analysis. Determine the values of this factor for a cylinder of diameter D and length KD as its shape changes from needle to flake (i.e. K = 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1,2,4,8).

Find also how the Stokes diameter varies for a unit face diameter (D = 1) cylinder as K varies from 1/8 to 8. Hence find how the surface-volume shape coefficient with respect to settling, i.e. (Xsv,St/6, varies with K.

6. The tabulated data below are the result of a sieving operation using a 120 mesh sieve and a sample weight of 25 g. Plot the results as log percentage passing against number of taps and discuss the resultant curve. Plot also the curve log (R t - Roc) against number of taps in order to find the ultimate residue. Discuss your results.

Number of taps 2 Weight passing (g) 0.7

Number of taps 40 Weight passing (g) 15.0

4 1.6

60 17.5

6 2.5

80 19.5

10 7.2

100 21.3

20 30 10.0 13.0

120 140 22.02 22.32

7. A solid cuboid has sides of length 2, 3 and 4 J.lm. What are its volume diameter, surface diameter, projected area diameter (random and stable orientation) and Stokes diameter?

A sample of powder has the size analysis given below. Determine its mean diameters.

Mean size (JLm) Frequency (number)

2 5

4 8

6 12

8 8

10 12 6 4

8. A solid cuboid has sides oflength 20, 20 and 40 J.lm. What are its volume, surface, projected area and Stokes diameter?

How does the surface-volume shape factor vary as the length of the third side changes from 40 to 20 to 10 J.lm using microscopy as the measurement technique?

Problems 623

A sample of powder has the size analysis given below. Using Normal Probability paper determine the mean, median, mode and standard deviation.

Particle size (/Lm)

3 5 7 9

11

Cumulative percentage undersize

11.6 30.2 55.5 78.0 92.0

9. What methods would you suggest for measuring the particle sizes of the following materials and why?

(a) A sub-micron metallic oxide. (b) A free flowing coarse powder. (c) A sub 75 J,Lm powder. (d) A powder in the 75 to 20 J,Lm size range which must be analysed dry. (e) A sub 75J,Lm powder where the relevant property is the surface area.

10. In a certain manufacturing process zinc oxide is required having a mean size, by gas adsorption, of 0.100 J,Lm, a narrow size distribution and a particle shape which is conducive to good flow characteristics. State the method of size analysis you would use and the reasons for your choice.

Two zinc oxides were examined by centrifugal sedimentation and the following data derived. Analyse the data and discuss the merits and demerits of the two powders for the above process.

Zincoid A (%) Zincoid B (%) Particle size (/Lm)

97.4 98.4

0.62

90 88

0.44

72 62

0.31

46 28 0.22

19 5 0.15

7 o 0.11

Surface area by gas adsorption (m2 kg-l): A, Sw = 9150. B, Sw = 9850. Powder density, 5570 kg m- 3 :

Relationship between the surface-volume mean diameter (xsz') and the geometric mean diameter (Xg):

log xsv = log Xg - 1.151 (log Ug)2

where ug is the geometric standard deviation.

11. The table below contains the data from a microscope count. Plot the distribution on a number and weight basis on log-probability paper.

dmin 2.8 4.0 5.6 8.0 11.3 16.0 22.6 32.0 45 dmean 3.3 4.7 6.6 9.4 13.2 18.8 26.4 37.6 53 dmax 4.0 5.6 8.0 11.3 16.0 22.6 32.0 45 64 Number 36 57 94 108 98 60 32 11 4

frequency


Using a sedimentation technique the weight distribution is found to be log-normal with a mean size of 10 Ilm and a standard deviation of 1.84. Determine the particle shape factor and explain how it arises.

By considering the number of particles counted in each size range in the above apalysis, suggest some errors that might have arisen and how they could have been a~ided.

12. A sample of free flowing powder is to be analysed by sieving and by Andreasen pipette. Explain briefly how you would carry out the analysis and correlate the results. If the results were as shown below, determine and tabulate the cumulative percentage by weight undersize distribution. Comment on the shape of the distribution curve and by comparing medians determine the shape factor relating Stokes diameter and sieve diameter.

Sample weight = 187.8 g Weight through 200 mesh (75 Ilm) = 82.7 g

Sieve analysis of coarse fraction:

Sieve aperture size (j.lm) Weight passing through (g)

75 o

105 29.7

Andreasen analysis of sub-sieve fraction:

Size (j.lm) Percentage undersize

13.3 5.0

18.8 6.4

26.5 10.9

150 59.3

37.5 20.9

212 88.3

53 38.2

300 100.5

75 68.2

424 105.1

105 100

13. It is recounted that a party of Martians visited Earth in order to survey human dwellings. This was considered to be a simple exercise since they lived in spherical homes with a diameter related to their position in society. They found igloos which were hemispherical, wigwams which were conical, and skyscrapers which were cuboidal.

Define quantitative methods of carrying out the above exercise evaluating the shape factors and representative diameters. Assume the base areas of the three dwellings to be identical and of unit projected area diameter, the height of the wigwam (cone) to be equal to its base diameter and the height of the cuboid to be one-third of this. Include the base area of the shapes in your calculations.

What are the significant diameters in optical microscopy? Discuss the difference in procedure in carrying out a number and weight distribution count.

14. The following table is a microscope analysis of silica. Determine its size distribution by weight and make an estimate of the accuracy.

Size limits Cum)

106-75 53 37 27 19 13 9.4 6.6 4.7 3.3

3.3-2.3

Area of sample fields (mm2 )

0.600 x 20 x 20 0.600 x 20 x 15 0.600 x 20 x 7 0.127 0.127 t x 0.127 7.94 x 10-3

7.94 x 10-3

t x 7.94 x 10-3

t x 7.94 x 10-3

t x 7.94 x 10-3

Number of sample fields

200 50 50 50 25 25 25 25

Problems 625

Number of particles counted

28 117 175 137

71 79 18 16 14 22 34

15. Show that the change in resistance due to a particle entering the aperture in a Coulter counter is the sum of the elements (pfaol/A 2)/ [1 - (a/A)] and solve this for a cylindrical particle with its axis parallel to the axis of the aperture.

The geometric solution for a spherical particle is, approximately,

4 3 Pf [ 4 rrb 2 24 rr2 b4 ] AR = - ~ rrb A2 I + "5 it + 25 ---:42 + ...

What is the error involved in assuming that AR is proportional to particle volume? Determine the numerical value for particles having cross-sectional areas of 40% and

50% of the aperture cross-sectional area. Enumerate any other uncertainties that exist in the operation of this instrument. Pf is the resistivity of electrolyte; a the cross-sectional area of element of the

particle; A the cross-sectional area of aperture; and 2b the diameter of spherical particle.

16. There are two methods of calibrating a Coulter counter:

(a) against a standard narrowly classified material of known size; and (b) using the following equations.

v w v =-p V cf>

Explain these equations and explain why the calibration constant, k, using the two techniques may be different and the use to which you would put this difference.

If 2.64 x 10-3 g of poly mist of density 1.1 g cm-3 was dispersed in 250 cm3 of saline giving a summated volume ~Anf = 56 300 units when 0.5 cm3 was withdrawn, determine the Coulter calibration constant. Briefly annotate other methods of finding the 'end point' of a Coulter analysis.


17. Show that a cylindrical particle of cross-sectional area a and length 1 changes the resistance across a Coulter orifice of cross-section A by an amount:

!l.R = - 1 + - where v = al Pfv ( a) A2 A

when simplifying assumptions are made. Show that the size attributed to a particle is + 4% in error for a particle of size 0.4 of orifice diameter.

Determine the calibration constant (k) for an instrument if a particle of size 12.5 J,lm

gives a threshold reading t = 30. If ~(!l.n)i = I x 105 when sampling 0.5 mI from a suspension of concentration

0.2 gin 100 mI, determine the probable density of the powder. Give reasons why your answer may be in error.

18. The Walther air classifier was tested under certain operating conditions with silica powder of density 2600 kg m-3 and a total (coarse grade) efficiency of 81.3% was obtained. The feed material and the coarse product were analysed for particle size distribution using the Andreasen pipette method with the following results:

Particle size (equivalent Stokes diameter)

Cumulative size distribution

(pm)

42.0 29.6 21.6 14.5 10.4 7.1 5.2

The feed (%)

99.0 81.5 67.5 49.6 35.2 25.4 17.5

The coarse product (%)

85.0 63.5 46.5 25.0

8.9 2.9 0.7

Using graphical differentiation, determine the grade efficiency for each of the given sizes. Estimate the equiprobable size (also called cut size) from your results and calculate its equivalent for materials of density 100 kg m-3•

Discuss the importance of the grade efficiency for equipment selection and list all basic requirements for an air classifier.

19. Discuss critically the elutriation method of size analysis. A sample of silica, density 2500 kg m -3, is to be classified into two grades using a

Gonell elutriator. If the cut is to be at 40 J,lm determine the air velocity required. If the histogram of the size distribution of the feed is rectangular from 10 to 70 J,lm

estimate the distribution of the 'fines' at 10 J,lm intervals. Viscosity of air = 1.86 x 10-5 N s m-2•

20. Derive the coarse grade efficiency function for gravitational e1utriation in a vertical tube of radius R, assuming Stokes' law and a velocity profile of the power-law form, Le.

Problems 627

v(r) = (1 _ ~)n Vmax R

Explain why the practical performance of such an elutriator would be very different from the theoretical results which you have obtained. What assumptions could lead to more reliable results?

21. Give an explanation for the breakdown in Stokes' equation as the Reynolds number approaches one.

Determine the terminal settling velocity for a spherical particle settling in water under laminar flow conditions using the data given below.

Derive an expression for the time a particle will take to attain 99% of its terminal velocity under these conditions, starting from rest and apply this to the case under consideration.

Particle diameter D = 60 JIm; particle density Ps = 5450 kg m-3 ; liquid density Pf = 1000 kg m-3 ; liquid viscosity 11 = 0.001 N s m-2 ;g = 9.81 m S-2.

22. Describe the vertical motion of a body placed in a fluid of density lower than the particle density.

Assuming that laminar flow conditions prevail, find the time taken and distance covered by a bronze particle of size 100 JIm in attaining 99% of its terminal velocity starting from rest. Density of solid, 8800 kg m-3; density of fluid (water), 1000 kg m-3 ;

viscosity of fluid, 0.001 N s m-2 •

23. Enumerate the errors and limitations of sedimentation analysis and suggest how they may be reduced to a minimum.

The experimental data from a cumulative sedimentation analysis are given below. Determine the size frequency distribution by both a tabular and non-tabular method. Height of fall, 10 cm; density of solid, 2650 kg m -3; density of fluid, 1000 kg m -3; viscosity of fluid, 0.001 N s m-2 •

Time (min) 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 % settled 20 38 51 64 78 90 100

24. The particle size distribution of a powder can be evaluated by monitoring the changing concentration of a suspension of this powder as it settles out under a gravitational or centrifugal field. Briefly describe some of the available techniques for carrying out such determinations.

Determine the size distribution of a powder having the following concentration changes with time and height of fall stating its geometric mean and standard deviation.

Time (min) 0 Height (cm) 20 Concentration (%) 100

1 20

100

2 20 99.5

4 20 93.5

8 20 65.0

12 16 26.2

16 12 6.3

Powder density, 3200 kg m-3; liquid density, 1000 kg m- 3; liqUid viscosity, 0.001 N s m-2;g = 9.81 m s-2.

20 8 0.6


25. Show that the density of a sedimenting suspension at depth h and time t from the commencement of sedimentation [<{>(h,t)] is related to the size distribution of the solids in suspension as follows:

F = <{>(h,t) - Pt <{>(h,O) - Pt

where F is the cumulative frequency undersize Stokes diameter for t and depth h in the fluid and Pt the density of the fluid. Discuss and critically compare density methods of size analysis paying particular attention to their resolution.

Determine the resolution for silica particles of specific gravity 2.5 falling in water of viscosity 0.001 N s m-2 at time 10 min if the settling height is 10 cm and sampling height 5 cm. If the initial concentration was 0.5% by volume of solids in suspension and the measured density at 10 min is 1002.5 kg m-3 determine the percentage undersize the evaluated Stokes diameter.

26. Show that the changing density of a settling suspension with height and time may be related to the size distribution of the particulate material in the suspension. What are the methods which use this property for size analysis and what errors are they subject to?

Determine the size distribution of a powder having the following density changes with time and height. Ps, 2600 kg m-3; Pt, 1000 kg m-3 ; 'T/, 0.001 N s m-2 .

h (em) t (min) Density, c/>

(kg m-3 )

o 1000

6 2

1062

9 4

1045

10 8

1029

6 16

1010

4.5 32

1000

27. Describe the Andreasen pipette method of size analysis and its limitations. What do you understand by the 'resolution' of an incremental sedimentation technique?

Determine the size distribution of a powder having the following concentration changes with time and height of fall. Find also the mean, mode, median and standard deviation.

Time Height Concentration (min) (em) (g in 10 em3)

0 20 0.1300 1 20 0.1220 2 19.6 0.1060 4 19.2 0.015 8 18.8 0.0486

16 18.4 0.0234 32 18 0.0088

Powder density, 2600 kg m-3 ; liquid density, 1000 kg m-3; liquid viscosity, 0.001 N s m-2 ;g, 9.81 m s-2.

Problems 629

28. A pipette and photosedimentation analysis are carried out on a powder. The weight percentage undersize by the pipette technique and the optical density by the photosedimentation technique are tabulated below. Determine how the extinction coefficient varies with particle size assuming that it equals 2 at a particle size of 10 11m.

Particle size (J..Im) 4.5 Weight percentage 0

undersize Optical density 0

5.5 10

0.12

6.5 25

0.26

7.5 50

0.446

8.5 75

0.596

9.5 10.5 90 100

0.669 0.709

29. Determine the size distribution of a powder having the following density changes with time and height. Density of solid, 2600 kg m-3 ; density of liquid, 1000 kg m-3 ;

viscosity of liquid, 0.001 N s m-2 •

Height of fall (cm) Time (min) Density (kg m-3 )

o 1080

6 2

1062

9 4

1045

10 8

1029

6 16

1010

4.5 32

1000

30. The following table gives a wide angle scanning photosedimentation analysis of molybdenum, density 10200 kg m-3, settling in water of viscosity 0.914 g m- I S-I

and density 1000 kg m-3. Determine the surface and weight distribution together with the specific surface given that the initial powder concentration was 1.23 kg m-3.

How does this specific surface compare with that obtained by summing the specific surface incrementally from the distribution? The length of the light path in the container is 5 cm.

Time (min)

o 1 2 4 8

16 18 20 22 24 26 28

Height of fall (cm)

16.3

15.4 13.4 11.4 9.4 7.4 5.4

Optical density

0.56 0.55 0.52 0.466 0.373 0.244 0.226 0.190 0.157 0.123 0.093 0.05

31. Determine the weight specific surface of the powder analysed below using equation (1) and compare this with the specific surface using equation (2). How do you account for the difference between these answers?


6 Sw =

Pil

'LllD/K 'LllDd/K

(1)

Sw = 460( ~) K: SI units

Optical density 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05

Mean particle size, d 22.6 16 11.3 8 5.66 4 2.83 2 1.41 1.00 (J,Lm)

Mean extinction 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.2 coefficient, K

C = 0.25 kg m-3, Pil = 1500 kg m-3 and Km = 1.98.

32. Determine the size distribution by weight and the specific surface of a powder having the analysis tabulated below. Knowing that the powder concentration to give an optical density of 0.67 is 0.50 kg m-3 and the length of the light beam in the suspension is 5 cm another estimate of surface area can be made. Evaluate this and suggest why it may differ from the value obtained from the tabulated results.

Define mean diameter and determine the surface-volume and volume-moment diameters for this sample (density of solid, 2610 kg m -3).

(2)

What advantage over conventional instruments is claimed for the wide angle photosedimentometer and what advantages does this technique have over other size and surface determination methods?

Particle size, d (J,Lm) Optical density, D (%)

2 4 8 16 32 o 25 50 75 100

33. Compare and contrast the wide and narrow angle photosedimentometers. The analyses given below have been obtained using these techniques. By comparing the analyses determine the values of the extinction coefficient. If the maximum optical densities were 0.50 in each case determine also the specific surface of the powder and the mean extinction coefficient.

Wide 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Optical angle densities, D(%) NarroW

0 11 23 46 48 59 69 78 86 93.5 angle

100

100

Average diameter, d (/.1m) 1 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11.3 16 22.6

Powder concentrations, for the wide and narrow angle photosedimentometers respectively, 0.250 and 0.125 kg m-3. Length of light path in the suspension,S cm.

Problems 631

34. Describe the photosedimentation method of particle size analysis. Discuss the limitations of this technique and how some of them are partially overcome with the wide angle scanning photosedimentometer.

Evaluate the specific surface of the powder for which the data below were obtained. Find also the particle size distribution by weight and the variation of extinction coefficient with particle size. Comment on your results.

Optical density (D)

WASP EEL

0.45-0.50 0.40-0.45 0.35-0.40 0.30-0.35 0.25-0.30 0.20-0.25 0.15-0.20 0.10-0.15 0.05-0.10 0.00-0.05

0.470-0.50 0.435-0.470 0.39 -0.435 0.345-0.39 0.295-0.345 0.24 -0.295 0.18 -0.24 0.115-0.18 0.055-0.115 0.00 -0.055

Mean particle size, d (/-1m)

22.6 16 11.3 8 5.66 4 2.83 2 1.41 1.00

Initial concentration: EEL Ce = 0.25 kg m-3 , Le = 1.00 cm; WASP Cw = 0.10 kg m-3, Lw = 5.00 cm.

35. Discuss the problems involved in the determination of particle size distribution by the attenuation of a light beam passing through a settling suspension and suggest means of reducing the inherent errors in the technique.

What are the advantages of this system? Suggest other means of determining particle size using a light source and detectors.

The optical density of a settling suspension is given below against the size of the largest particle present in the light beam. Assuming the laws of geometric optics to hold, determine the cumulative percentage undersize by weight by both a tabular and graphical method and the weight specific surface of the powder. Concentration, 0.016 g in 50 cm3; length of light beam, 2.0 cm; particle sizes (J.Lm), 126,90,63,45,32,22.6, 16, 11.3,8, 5.6,4; optical densities D, 0.62, 0.61,0.56,0.50,0.42,0.33,0.24,0.16, 0.10,0.05, O.

36. 3.78 g of powder were dispersed in an ICI sedimentometer and the incremental amounts collected are given below.

X89 'Y63 'Y44.S 'Y31.S 'Y22.3 'YIS.7 'Y11.1 'Y7.8 'YS.6 'Y3.9 0.017 0.017 0.028 0.036 0.045 0.049 0.050 0.042 0.034 0.026 (g)

Assuming that t 89 is the time required for an 89 JIm particle to fall the length of the sedimentation column, derive the size distribution by a tabular method and also by plotting weight deposited (P) against the natural log of relative time (In t).


(Note. In the tabular method, all particles in the size range 75 to 105 11m are assumed to be 89 11m in size, hence W is plotted against the lower limit of 75 11m. In the graphical method W is plotted against the mean value.)

37. A homogeneous suspension is settling in a disc centrifuge. Calculate the size of the largest particle in the measurement zone at time 32 min and show that the corresponding cumulative percentage undersize is 10.7 given the following data.

The particles of density 2500 kg m- 3 are settling in a liquid of density 1000 kg m-3

and viscosity 10-3 N s m-2 in a centrifuge rotating at 750 rev min-I. The liquid surface and measurement zone are at radii 2.84 and 5.00 cm respectively from the centre of the disc.

Applying Karnack's equation gives

FI =~(y + 1)QI

and

F2 = ~ (y + Y12)Q2 + ( Y + Yl2 - Y + Yl2 ) FI Y22 + Yl2 Yl2 + Y02

where QI = 2.5% and Q2 = 6.0% are the recorded concentrations at 64 min and 32 min and Y is the square of the ratio of the measurement radius to the surface radius and

Yl2 = yl/2; Y22 = Y; Y02 = 1

38. A homogeneous suspension is settling in a disc centrifuge. Calculate the size of the largest particle in the measurement zone at time 2048 s and show that the corresponding cumulative frequency undersize is 21.4% given the following data.

The particles, of specific gravity 5.14, are settling in a liquid of specific gravity 1.00 and viscosity 0.001 N s m-2 in a centrifuge rotating at 1500 rev min-I. The liquid surface and the measurement zone are 2.84 and 5.00 cm respectively from the centre of the disc.

Note. Karnack's equation has to be applied twice to solve this problem.

F; = Hy + Yi-l,i)Qi / f [ Y + Yi-l ,i _ Y + Yi~l,i. ] Fj j=l Yj+1,i + Yji Yji + y,-l,l

and Ql = 5%, Q2 = 12% are the recorded concentrations at times 4096 s and 2048 s. Y is the square of the ratio of measurement diameter to surface diameter and D the particle diameter.

2 Yij = y<D;lDj}; YOi = 1; Yii = Y

39. Develop an expression for the settling times of solid, spherical particles in a centrifuge. How would you apply the above expression to a centrifugal particle size analysis?

Determine the time it would take for a (a) 111m, (b) 5 11m particle of quartz to settle from the surface of a liquid 5 cm from the axis of a centrifuge to a measurement zone at

Problems 633

10 cm radius. Particle density, 2650 kg m-3; liquid density, 1000 kg m-3; liquid viscosity, 0.001 kg m-1 S-1; and centrifuge speed, 500 rev min-1.

40. 'The most important single property of a powder is its specific surface.' Discuss this statement and indicate how specific surface may be determined. Determine the specific surface of cement if 1 g of powder adsorbs 15 cm3 of nitrogen at STP, at a relative pressure of 0.20 and liquid nitrogen temperature. Discuss the origins of any equations used. Avogadro's number, 6.023 x 1023 molecules (moler1; molar volume, 0.02241 m3 (mole)-1; and area occupied by one nitrogen molecule, 16.2 x 10-20 m2•

41. Discuss the assumptions made in deriving the following equation and show how it may be used for surface area determination. (Do not derive the_ equation.)

Symbols having their usual meaning. Using Lea and Nurse's equipment the pressure drop across a packed bed is found to

be 8.32 water gauge for a flow rate of 13.2 cm3 min-1. If the bed dimensions are 4.00 cm by 2.52 cm2 and it contains 15.1 g of powder of density 2650 kg m-3 determine the weight specific surface of the powder. (T/ = 18 x 10-6 N s m-2 .)

42. The velocity of a fluid through a packed bed of powder is given by the equation

!:l.P e3

u = kT/LSl:r (1 _ e)2

!:l.P is the pressure drop across the bed; k, the aspect factor, is a function of particle size distribution, particle shape and the tortuosity of the voids through the packed bed; T/ is the viscosity of the fluid; L is the length of the bed; Sv is the volume specific surface of the powder in the bed; e is the porosity of the bed.

Determine the volume specific surface of a granular powder if a pressure drop of 2 cm Hg is required to force air having a viscosity of 1.7 x 10-5 N s m-2 through a bed of cross-sectional area 1 cm, porosity 0.4 and length 5 cm at a flow rate of2.5 cm3 min -1.

Discuss some other method of determining specific surface and explain the industrial importance of this parameter.

43. A mass Wp = 16.73 g of silver powder of density 10 520 kg m-3 is loosely packed to a depth of 6.03 cm in a bed of cross-sectional area 1.267 cm2 • Helium, at 23°C, diffuses through the bed from a container of total volume V = 1107 cm3 and the time taken for the inlet pressure to fall from 43 to 10 torr is 283 s.


Determine the mass specific surface of the powder. [R = 8.314 J moP r 1, M = 4.]

Sw = 8€2 ~ J2RT (~ dP)-1 3 Wp V 1TM P dt

44. Taking the average velocity of a fluid in a capillary to be that given by Poiseuille's equation:

show that for a packed bed of powder

Sv= €

1 - €

2 r

and

f¥l € v=--

kqS;L (1 _ €)2

Assuming that slippage at the capillary walls occurs when the mean free path (X) of the fluid (gas) molecules is of the same order of magnitude as the pore size and that this increases the effective radius of the pores to (r + X) show that

!lp €3 !lp e2 2X v=-- +-------

kT/S~L (1 - €)2 kT/L (1 - €) Sv

Show also that:

S = ~m ±J(~~ + St) All symbols have their usual meaning.

45. Air is passed through a porous plug of diameter 1.25 cm and length 10.0 cm at the rate of 1.00 cm3 min -1. If the density of the powder is 3000 kg m -3 and the weight of the sample is 18.4 g determine the porosity of the plug. If the pressure drop across the plug is 2.55 cm of water, determine the weight specific surface applying the permeametry equation.

If the inlet pressure is 30 cm of mercury determine the true weight specific surface of the powder.

1 f¥l €3 0.96 €2 f¥lJ( 2RT) U = kT/p;SJ T (1 - €)21 + PsSw (1 - €) pL 1TM

R = 8.314 kJ kmol-1 K-l, T = 20°C, M = 29.37, k = 5, 7/ = 1.8 x 10-5 N s m-2•

Problems 635

Compare the second term on the RHS with the value for S obtained from the expression below, using the transformations in equation (15.40), and evaluate Z.

1 e2 Llp S =------ZX x kr/psu (1 - e) L

Enumerate some of the errors involved in this method of analysis. All symbols have their usual meaning.

46. The equation for the flow of a gas through a packed bed of powder is given by the Carman-Kozeny equation together with a slip correction term:

D.p e3 D.p e2 u = -- + -- --- 3.4X

k1/LS; (1 - e)2 k1/LSv (1 - e)

Symbols have their usual meaning. Show that for air at 20°C, 760 mm Hg, the second term equals five times the first

term for dsv = 26.6 J.!m (X = 6.53 x 10-6 m, e = 0.50). Show also that neglecting this second term will, in this case, lead to a 2!% error in the calculated value of Sv'

A cylindrical bed of powder, 4.00 cm by 2.52 cm2 , is formed using 15.1 g of powder of density 2650 kg m-3. The flow rate of air through the bed is 2.2 x 10-7 m 3 s-1 when the pressure drop is 816 N m-2 . Neglecting the slip term, determine the weight specific surface of the powder (1/ = 18 x 10-6 N s m-2 , k = 5).

47. Under conditions oflow pressure the rate of transfer of a gas through a packed bed of powder may be calculated by an equation containing a viscous and a molecular term.

1 d V Ap e3 /lp e2 - + ----- zX A dt 51/LS; (1 - e)2 51/LSv (1 - e)

From the given data evaluate the volume specific surface of the powder in the packed bed.

What meaning do you attach to the specific surface determined and what are the limitations of the technique?

Data: e = 0.4, Z = 3.8,1/ = 1.8 x 10-5 N s m-2 , X = 9 X 10-6 m, D.p = 5 cm Hg, L = 5 cm, A = 2.5 cm2, d V/dt = 10.8 cm3 S-I, density of mercury = 13600 kg m-3, g = 9.81 m s-2.

48. Under conditions of low pressure, the rate of transfer of a gas through a packed bed of powder is governed by an equation containing a viscous and a molecular term.

1 dV p e3 p e2 - -- + -- --- 3.4X

A dt 51/LSJ (1 - e)2 51/LSv (1 - e)


From the data given below evaluate the volume-specific surface using each term separately and then show how these two values may be combined to give the true volumespecific surface of the powder.

e = 0.4, '1/ = 19.4 x 10-6 N s m-2,

A = 2.75 X 10-7 m, !lp = 0.5 cm Hg, density of mercury = 13 600 kg m-3.

L = 5 cm, A = 1.25 X 10-4 m2,

dV/dt = 10-6 m 3 S-I,

g = 9.81 m S-2,

49. Show that, for a variable pressure permeameter, the Carman-Kozeny equation may be written:

_[ Kte3 ]1/2 Sk - L(l _ e)2

and that K = 4.575 X 108 m-1 s-1 if the aspect factor k = 5, gas (air) viscosity '1/ = 18.6 X 10-6 N s m-2 ,g = 9.81 m S-2 and other variables are as given below.

A powder bed contains 25 g of powder of density 2600 kg m-3 packed to a length of 3.16 cm in a cell of cross-sectional area 5.067 cm2 • A manometer of cross-sectional area 4.75 cm2 , containing oil of density 880 kg m-3, is used to force air through the bed. Determine the volume specific surface area of the powder if it takes 300 s for the oil level to fall from 11.1 cm to 7.2 cm above its equilibrium position (i.e. t::.p varies from 22.2 to 14.4 cm oil), using the above equation.

What contribution does slip flow make to the surface area if the mean free path of air X = 9 x 10-8 m2?

The slip term may be written:

1.9KtX e2 SM=----

L (1- e)

Compare the surface-volume mean diameters derived above with the value obtained using the composite equation containing both terms.

50. Using British Standards gas adsorption apparatus and a sample weight of 1 g it is found that 12.945 cm3 of nitrogen at STP is adsorbed at a relative pressure of 0.15.

Evaluate the specific surface of the sample explaining carefully the origin of any equations used. Area of nitrogen molecule, 16.2 x 10-20 m2 ; Avogadro's number, 6.023 x 1023 molecules (mole)-I; ideal gas volume, 0.02241 m3 (mole)-I.

51. Using a single point method for the determination of surface area it was found that at a pressure of 258 mm mercury the volume of nitrogen gas adsorbed on 0.25 g of solids at 77 K was 0.896 cm2 at STP. Evaluate the specific surface explaining carefully the origin of any equations used.

What factors must be considered to ensure that adequate degassing has taken place?

Problems 637

Comment on the validity and accuracy of the evaluated specific surface by the single point method.

Saturated vapour pressure of nitrogen, 760 mm mercury; area occupied by a nitrogen molecule, 16.2 x 10-20 m2; ideal gas volume, 0.0224 m3 (moler1•

52. Helium is admitted to a burette previously under vacuum until the pressure is 75 mmHg. It is then allowed to expand into a sample tube immersed in liquid nitrogen containing 0.732 g of cement and the pressure falls to 37.6 mmHg.

The system is then re-evacuated and nitrogen is admitted to the burette at a pressure of 450.0 mmHg which falls to 152.0 mmHg on expansion into the sample tube.

Find the volume of nitrogen at STP adsorbed by the cement and estimate the surface area of the cement.

Discuss this phenomenon. (Burette volume 18.5 cm3 and temperature 292 K.)

53. The volume of nitrogen adsorbed at different pressures by a sample of cement using conventional BET equipment is tabulated below. Determine the surface area using the BET and IUr equations and comment on your results.

Pressure P (mm Hg) Volume adsorbed V

(em3 g -1 at STP) x =p/po

33.8 60.7 71.9 84.9 108.1 129.6 153.0 0.6846 0.8116 0.8278 0.8753 0.9162 0.9742 1.0200

0.0445 0.0798 0.0946 0.1117 0.1422 0.1705 0.2013

54. The total amount of nitrogen in a two-volume burette static BET nitrogen adsorption apparatus was 4.08 cm3 at STP. This was expanded into a sample tube containing 1.5 g of degassed zinc oxide cooled to -196°C. The pressure recorded at volumes 2 and 1 were 57.2 and 68.0 mm mercury, respectively. A further quantity of nitrogen was introduced to bring the total volume in the system to 7.175 cm3 at STP. Upon expansion into the sample tube the pressures were 104.0 and 124.5 mm mercury for volumes 2 and 1, respectively.

Volume factors for the burettes: volume 1,0.01155 cm3 at STP per mm Hg; volume 2,0.0221 cm3 at STP per mm Hg; helium dead space factor, 0.0391 cm3 at SIP per mmHg.

Find the surface area of the zinc oxide (m2 g-I).

55. 1.62 g of titanium dioxide gave a dead space factor of 0.043 cm3 (mm Hgp with a three-volume static BET apparatus. The volume factors were Al = 0.011 25, A2 = 0.021 50, A3 = 0.03360 cm3 (mm Hgr1, the suffIxes denoting the burette number.

9.502 cm3 of nitrogen at STP were admitted to the system and gave a pressure, when expanded to the sample tube, of 136.0 and 161.5 mm Hg for volumes 2 and 1 respectively.

The total volume of nitrogen in the system was increased to 15.99 cm3 at STP, when expanded to the sample tube and resulting pressures were 198.5,235.0,229.5 mm Hg for volumes 3,2, 1 respectively.

Find the surface area of the titanium dioxide.


56. The nitrogen gas adsorption data for a sample of carbon are given below. It is found that the adsorption isotherm follows the n-Iayer BET equation with n equal to three.

Find the weight specific surface of the powder and its cumulative pore size distribution by surface using the MP method.

Discuss the equations used.

Relative Volume Thickness of pressure adsorbed, V adsorbed layer, t x (cm3 g-t at STP) (nm) ()

0.05 225.0 32.4 0.053 0.10 258.4 36.8 0.101 0.15 261.4 40.4 0.176 0.20 271.1 43.7 0.248 0.25 277.8 46.9 0.328 0.30 281.0 50.1 0.417 0.35 284.9 53.4 0.515

[ n-Iayer BET equation vifJ - -CVm

Sw = 4.35Vm m2 got; St = 154.7(V/t) m2 got; Sw = weight specific surface, BET equation; St = weight specific surface, V-t curve;

Vm = volume adsorbed at monolayer coverage, cm3 g-t at STP; C = constant for a given system.

c/J

V

2.44 x 10-4

4.83 x 10-4

7.46 x 10-4

10.33 x 10-4

13.50 x 10-4

17.08 x 10-4

20.88 x 10-4

57. Helium admitted to a burette, previously under vacuum, produced a pressure of 77.5 torr. On expansion into a sample tube containing 0.75 g of solid immersed in liquid nitrogen, the pressure observed was 57.3 torr.

After re-evacuation nitrogen was admitted to the same burette at a pressure of 459.4 torr. This fell to a pressure of 121.2 torr when expanded into the sample tube.

Calculate the volume of nitrogen adsorbed at STP on the solid and evaluate the surface area of the solid.

Burette volume 31.5 cm3 and temperature 292 K. Comment on the evaluation of surface area of the solid by the above method.

&[0[0®UU@OM 1]

Equipment and suppliers

The names given in brackets are those of agents. The equipment is listed in chapter order as it occurs in the text.

Sampling devices (Chapter 1)

Spinning Riffler (1 litre and 20 litre) Sample Divider Ro tary Riffler Rotary Sample Divider Sample Splitter Limpet Autosampler Rotary Microriffler Sieving Riffler

Flue samplers (Chapter 2)

Smoke Dust Monitor (SEROP) BCURA Gas Flow Monitor Smoke Density Meter (chimneys/ducts) In-Stack Samplers Dust Samplers Smoke Density Measuring Instruments CERL Flue Dust Monitor High Sensitivity Air Monitor Nebetco Continuous Smoke Monitor Leeds and Northrup Smoke Sampler Bailey Smoke/Dust Monitor Edison Visibility Monitor Stack Monitor Radioactive Air Particle Monitors

MAP IB Continuous Monitor for Airborne Particulate Radioactivity

Velocity Sampling Nozzles Null Type Nozzles CEGRIT Dust and Fume Determination Assembly Models 0-1000 and

0-1027

Ladal Pascal Freeman Laboratories Glen Creston Fritsch (Christison) Simon Quantachrome Quantachrome

Airflow Development

Bailey Meters and Controls Anderson Anderson Erwin Sick, Pearson Panke Foster Instruments Photoelectronics Nebetco Leeds and Northrup Bailey Edison Gelman Nuclear Measurement

Corporation Trapelo

Babcock & Wilcox Joy Airflow Joy


Dust Difficulty Determinator Environeering Stack Sampling Equipment Isokinetic Dust Sampler Staksampler Automatic Stack Monitor

Aerosol samplers (Chapter 3)

Thermal Precipitators (Standard and Long Term) Gravimetric Dust Sampler Cascade Impactor, Hexhlet Wrights TP (Ch. 3 ref. 94) Hamiltons TP (Ch. 3 ref. 98) Konisampler Thermal Precipitators British Standard Deposit Gauge Continuous Oscillating and Gravimetric TP Thermopositor Drager Dust Sampler Thermal Precipitators, Konimeter, Dust Collectors, Gravicon, Porticon Dust Sampler (fIlters) Electrostatic Air Sampler kit Olin Particle Mass Monitor (Ch. 3 refs. 131, 132) Electrostatic Air Sampler Smoke Pollution Sampler Cascade Centripeter Membrane Filters Membrane Filters Settlement Dust Counter Hexhlet Gravimetric Personal Sampler Settlement Dust Sampler Cascade Impactor Portable Dust Sampler Periodic Air Sampler Personal Sampler Cascade Sampler Aerosol Gravimetric Spectrometer Air Pollution Monitors Particle Sampling Unit Dust Sampling Unit Millipore Sampling Set Konimeter

AERA Portable Air Sampler Light Scattering Counters

Light Reflectance Monitor Aerosol Spectrometers Sigrist Dust Measuring Equipment Electricon Smoke Monitor

Environeering Environeering Day Research Appliance Co. Research Appliance Co.

Casella (US Agents MSA) (US Agents MSA) Adams Adams Ficklen Glass Developments American Instruments American Instruments Dragerwerk Sartorius (Howe) MSA (USA) Bendix Thermo-Systems, Proner Thermo-Systems, Proner Charles Austin Bird and Tole Nuclepore Gelman, Millipore Casella, MSA Casella, MSA Research Appliances Research Appliances Rotheroe and Mitchell Rotheroe and Mitchell Anderson Anderson Fleming Fleming Fleming Fleming Thermal Control Carl Zeiss J ena also Sartorius

(Brinkman) Addy Products High Accuracy Products (Air

Supply) Royco (Hawksley) Bausch and Lomb (Applied

Research Laboratories) Research Appliance Sartorius (Brinkman) (Howe) Ronald Trist

Coulter Contamination Counter LlDAR, Smoke Plume Tracking Laser Light Scattering Particle Counter Cascade Impactor Andersen Samplers Rotorod Frieseke and Hoepfner Dust Monitor Sinclair-Phoenix Spray Droplet Analyser Saab Photometer S-3000 Specscan S-3400 Photomation Mx 1 v H-900 Holoscan Nuclepore Filters Thermal Precipitator MIC 501 Electrostatic Precipitator Electrostatic Precipitator Leap Electrostatic Precipitator Litton Electrostatic Precipitator OWL Nephelometer Cascade Impactor Thermal Precipitator Bacteria Sampler Hirst Spore Trap MSI Sampler Bacteria Collector Moving Slide Impactor Airborne Bacteria Monitor Brink Model B Cascade Impactor Greenburg-Smith Impinger (1 ft3 min -J.) Midget Impinger (0.1 ft3 min-1)

Midget Impinger (1 ft3 min-1)

Midget Impinger (1 ft3 min-1) Micro Impinger (0.1 ft3 min -1)

Multi-Stage All Glass Liquid Impinger BCURA Size Selecting Gravimetric Personal Sampler 'Respirable' Dust Sampler Bausch & Lomb Dust Counter

Climet Particle Analysis Systems GE Condensation Nuclei Counter Small Particle Detector Condensation Nuclei Counter Whitby Aerosol Analyser Holographic Particle Analyser Sartorius Scintillation Particle Counter Eberline Model AIM-3 Air Monitor Radioactive Air Monitor, Type RAM 1 Classical Scattering Aerosol Spectrometer Probe Active Scattering Aerosol Spectrometer Probe Forward Scattering Aerosol Spectrometer Probe Axially Scattering Aerosol Spectrometer Probe

Appendix 1 641

Coulter Laser Associates Procedyne Shimadzu Andersen Metronics TEM Sales Sinclair (Techmation) Ratteyon Saab Optronics Optronics Optronics General Electric Co. Numinco MSA (USA) Del Electronics (ERC) Littons Systems Inc. Process and Instrument Corp. Meteorology Research Inc. Unico Sartorius (Brinkman) Casella CF (Willson) Casella CF (Willson) Environmental Research Corp. Gelman Meteorology Research Inc. 2000 Inc. Monsanto Willson Gelman Hawksley Mines Safety Appliance USA Unico Unico Dixon Willson (C.F. Casella) Unico Environmental Research Corp.

(Y. A. Howe) Climet General Electric Co. Gardner Research Appliances Co. Thermo-Systems Laser Holography Inc. Sartorius (Brinkman) Eberline Nuclear Enterprises Particle Measurement Systems Particle Measurement Systems Particle Measurement Systems Particle Measurement Systems


Sieving equipment (Chapter 5)

Woven Wire Sieves Inclyno Sieve Shaker, Turbine Sifter Electroformed Sieves

Electroformed Sieves Electroformed Sieves Fisher Wheeler Sieve Shaker Sieve Shakers Sieve Shakers Allen-Bradley Sonic Sifter Small Portable Sieve Shaker Tyler Ro-Tap Alpine Air Jet Wet and Dry Sieve Shakers Gallie-Porritt Apparatus Microsieve Shaker

Microscopes (Chapter 6)

Watson Image Splitting Eyepiece Push Button Counter Vicker Image Shearing Eyepiece Zeiss Endter PSA Metals Research PSA Quantirnet MC Spri Analyser Superscope Electron Microscope (also SEMs) Magnifiers e.m. grids Aids for e.m. The QMS System Omnicon Cargill Series H Compound Classimat Coulter/Tirnbrell/Shearicon Fleming Shearing Microscope Optomax Microvideomac Digiplan

Miscellaneous dispersing equipment (Chapter 8)

Ultrasonic Dispersers Pyknometers Ultrasonic Cleaner Helium Air Pyknometer Anti-Static Agent M441 Spray Gun for Electron Microscopy Autopyknometer Gas Pyknometer Null Pyknometer

Endecottes, PascalI, Greenings Pascall Buckbee Mears (Production

Sales and Services) Veco Endecottes Fisher American Instruments, Pascall Endecottes ATM Corporation (Kek) La Pine La Pine Alpine, Lavino Fritsch (Howe) Gallenkamp Givliani

Watson Casella Vickers Carl Zeiss (Degenhardt) Metals Research Image Analysing Computers Millipore Sondes Place Research JEOL (Delviljem) Polaron Mason and Morton Alan Agar Bausch and Lomb R. G. Cargill Leitz Coulter Fleming Micromeasurements Zeiss Kontron

Mullard, Ultrasonics Numinco Fritsch (Christison) Micromeretics (Coulter UK) ICI Aerograph Micromeretics (Coulter UK) Beckman Quantachrome

Fluorochemical Surfactants Anti-Foaming Agent (SWS-211) Standard Powders Standard Powders Standard Powders Standard Powders Standard Powders Standard Powders Standard Powders Standard Powders

Sedimentation equipment (Chapters 9 and 10)

Pipettes and Hydrometers Granumeter WASP Photosedimentometer Wagner Turbidimeter EEL Photosedimentometer Bound Brook Photosedimentometer Micromerograph Shimadzu Sedimentograph

Sartorius Sedimentation Balance 4600 Sartorius Sedimentation Balance 4135 Micron Particle Distributometer Pola-Travis Particle Size Apparatus Fisher Dotts Apparatus Travis Method of Two-Layer Analysis Ladal X-Ray Sedimentometer Sedigraph X-Ray Sedimentometer Recording Sedimentometer Photomicronizer Cahn Microbalance Hydrometer Balance Martin Recording Balance

Classifiers (Chapter 11)

Walther Cascade Elu tria tor Microsplit Separator Major Classifier Centrifugal Classifier Andrews Kinetic Water Gonell Haultain Infrasizer Roller Bahco Hexhlet Collector (Walton's Horizontal) Microplex Classifier Nauta Hosokawa Classifier

Appendix 1 643

3M (Page) Stauffer General Motors Particle Information Service Dow Chemicals Duke Standards General Technical Institute National Physical Laboratory National Bureau of Standards American Society of Mechan-

ical Engineers

Gallenkamp Brezina Ladal La Pine Evans Goring Kerr Val-Dell Shimadzu Northgate Traders Sartorius Sartorius BushGF Pola Fisher Schaar Ladal Micromeretics (Coulter UK) Shimadzu Seishin (ECI) Cahn USA Becker, H., Rechrnann, H. Mettler (Switzerland) Prolabo (France)

Walther American Instruments British Rema Donaldson Micromeretics Griffin and George Chemisches Laboratorium Infrasizers' American Instruments Neu (Dietert) Casella Lavino Nautamix


Analysette 8 Donaldson Classifier Warmain Cyclosizer Alpine Multiplex Zig-Zag Classifier British Rema Microsplit

Centrifuges (Chapter 12)

Simcar Joyce Loebl Disc Kaye Disc Sharples Centrifuge Whitby Apparatus Ladal X-Ray Modified Pipette Centrifugal PSA Technord Laser Photocentrifuge Muschelnantz Centrifuge SW

Streaming principle (Chapter 13)

Coulter Counter Celloscope PD Analyser Particle Volume Detector TOA Microcell Counter Granulometer Microscale Picoscale Biotronics DigiceU

Light scattering (see also Aerosol samplers) (Chapter 14)

Shirnadzu Light Scattering Photometer Sinclair Phoenix Forward Scattering Photometer Scattering Light Photometer Brice-Phoenix LSP Absolute LSP Photo-Nephelometers Recording Turbidimeter Scattermaster

Photometers

Differential Light Scattering Photometers Atlas of Light Scattering Curves Sartorius Aerosol Photometer Laser Light Scatterers, Biological Field Nano-sizer

Fritsch (Christison) Donaldson War main (Simanacco) Alpine (M and M) British Rema

Simon Carves Joyce Loebl Martin Sweeny Pennwalt Appliances (USA) Mines Safety Ladal Ladal Shimadzu Northey

Coulter Lars Berg Telefunken Toa YEB Medicor Kutes Tricon Siemens

Shimadzu Phoenix Phoenix Phoenix American Instruments Coleman General Electric Company Manufacturing Engineering

Company Shimadzu, Societe Fran~ise,

Nethreler, Polymer Consultants

Science Spectrum Science Spectrum Sartorius (Brinkman) Biophysics Coulter

Permeametry (Chapter 15)

Fisher Sub-Sieve Sizer Rigden Apparatus Knudsen Flow Permeameter Griffin Surface Area of Powders Apparatus Alstan Diffusion Areameter Blaine Permeameter

Permaran

Lea and Nurse Direct Reading Permeameter

Appendix 1 645

Kek, Paris Labo Gallenkamp, Contest Instrum. Micromeretics Griffm and George Allen and Stanley-Wood Normandie Labo, Precision

Scientific Co., Ateliers Cloup, Prolabo, Perrier et Cie, Technotest

Outokumpu (Harrison Cooper Assoc.)

Matelam

Gas adsorption (surface area and porosimetry) (Chapters 16, 17 and 18)

Perkin-Elmer Shell Sorptometer Strohline Areameter Quantasorb and Monosorb

Gravimat A range of instruments Sorptomatic

Areatron Air Displacement Porometer Surface-Area and Gas-Adsorption Equipment Alpha-mec-4 lsorpta Analyser

Mercury porosimetry (Chapter 19)

0-10000 psa 0-30000 0-50000 Anglometer 0-3000 kg cm-1 50000 psa 0-15000 0-60000

Scanning Porosimeter

On-line particle sizers (Chapter 20)

Nuclepore Spectrex Prototron Particle Counter

HIAC Particle Counter. High Accuracy

Climet Particle Counter Royco Liquid-Borne Particle Monitor

Perkin-Elmer Strohlin Ameresco Quantachrome Corporation Sartorius Micromeretics (Coulter UK) Carlo Erba (Systems and

Components) (Erba Science) (Allied Sci.)

Leybold Numinco Nurninco AB Atomenergie Engelhard

Micromeretics (Coulter UK)

Carlo Erba (Erba Science) American Instruments Co.

(Aminco), Silver Springs Maryland 20910, USA

Quantachrome (Northey)

Spectrex/Nuclepore (International Trading)

High Accuracy Products, Pacific Scientific Co. (Particle Data Ltd.)

Climet Royco


Procedyne Particle Size Analyser Autometric PSM 100 Analyser Mintex/RSM Slurry Sizer Courier 300 Cilas Granulometer

Microtrac Malvern Particle and Droplet Sizer Prototron Langer Acoustical Counter Coulter On-Line Monitor Humboldt PSA

Procedyne Autometrics Mintex Outokumpu Oy" Compagnie Industrielle des

Lasers (Specfield Ltd.) Leeds and Northrup Malvern Nuclepore Erdco Coulter KHD Industrie

&~~®DD@]OM ~

Manufacturers' and suppliers' addresses

AB Atomenergie, Studvik, Sweden Adams, 1. Ltd, Minerva Road, London NW10 Addy Products Ltd, Solent Industrial Estate, Botley, Hampshire S03 2FQ Aerograph Co., Lower Sydenham, London SW26 Agar, Alan W., 127 Rye Street, Bishop's Stortford, Hertfordshire Air Techniques Inc., 1717 Whitehead Rd., Baltimore, Maryland 21207, USA Air Technology Inc., 2108 Carterdale Rd., Baltimore, Maryland 21209 USA Airflow Development, 31 Lancaster Rd., High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire Air Supply International, Gateway House, 302-8 High Street, Slough, Berkshire Allen and Stanley-Wood, Powder Characterisation Systems, 7 Hall Close, Leeds,

Yorkshire LS16 9JG Allied Scientific Company Ltd, 2220 Midland Avenue, Scarborough, Canada Alpine, 89 Augsburg 2, Postfach 629, W. Germany Ameresco Inc., 101 Park Street. Montclair, New Jersey 07042, USA American Instruments Co., 8030 Georgia Avenue, Silver Springs, Maryland 20910,

USA American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Powder Test Code Committee Number 28,

345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017, USA Anderson 2000 Inc., P.O. Box 20769, Atlanta, Georgia 30320, USA Applied Research Laboratories, Wingate Rd., Luton, Bedfordshire Ateliers Cloup, 46, boulevard Polangis, 94500 Champigny-sur-Marne, France ATM Corporation, Sonic Sifter Division, P.O. Box 2405, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53214,

USA Autometrics, 4946N, 63rd Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, USA

Babcock and Wilcox Ltd, Cleveland House, St James's Square, London SW14 4LN Bailey Meters and Controls, 218 Purley Way, Croydon, Surrey Bailey Meter Co., Wickliffe, Ohio 44092, USA Bausch and Lomb Inc., 820 linden Avenue, 30320 Rochester, NY 14625, USA Beckmann Instruments Inc., Fullerton, California 92634, USA Beckmann Instruments Ltd, Glenrothes, Fife, Scotland Bendix Corporation, Environmental Science Division, Dept. 81, Taylor Ave., Baltimore,

Maryland 21204, USA


Bendix Corporation, Scientific Instruments and Equipment Division, 1775 Mt. Read Blvd., Rochester, NY 14603, USA

Bendix Vacuum Ltd, Scientific Instruments and Equipment Division, Easthead Ave., Wokingham, Berkshire RG 11 2PW

Berg, R., Particle Data Inc., P.O. Box 265, Elmhurst, lllinois 60126, USA Berkley Instruments Inc., 2700 Dupont Drive, Irwine, California 92715, USA Biophysics, Baldwin Place Rd., Mahopac, NY 10541, USA Brezina, J., Hauptstrasse 68, D-6901 Waldhilsbach, W. Germany Brinkman Instruments, Canitague Rd., Westbury, NY 11590, USA Bristol Industrial and Research Associates Ltd (BIRAL), P.O. Box 2, Portishead,

Bristol BS20 9JB British Rema, P.O. Box 31, Imperial Steel Works, Sheffield S9 1 RA Buckbee Mears Co., 245 East 6th Street, St Paull, Minnesota, USA Bush G. F. and Associates, Princeton, New Jersey, USA (BCR), Mr. A. Pozzo, Community Bureau of Reference (BCR), Directorate-General

XII, Commission of the European Communities, 200 rue de La Loi, B-1049 Brussels

Cahn, 27 Essex Rd., Dartford, Kent Cahn Division of Vent ron Instruments Corporation, 7500 Jefferson Street, Paramount,

California 90723, USA Cargill, R. P., Laboratories Incorporated, Cedar Grove, New Jersey, USA Carl Zeiss, 444 Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10018, USA Carl Zeiss, 7082 Oberkochen, W. Germany Carl Zeiss Jena Ltd, VEB Carl Zeiss Jena W. Germany: also England House, 93-7 New

Cavendish Street, London WI Carlo Erba, via Carlo Imbonati 24, 20159, Milan, Italy Casella, C. F. and Co., Regent House, Britannia Walk, London N1 7ND Celsco Industries Ltd, Environmental and Industrial Products, Costa Mesa, California Central Technical Institute, CTI-TNO, P.O. Box 541, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands Charles Austin Pumps, Petersham Works, 100 Royston Rd., Byfleet, Surrey Chernische Laboratorium fUr Tonindustrie, Goslar, Harz, W. Germany Christison A. (Scientific Equipment) Ltd, Albany Rd., East Gateshead Industrial

Estate, Gateshead 8 Clay Adams, Division of Becton Dickinson, Parsippany, New Jersey, USA Climet Instruments, 1320 West Colton Avenue, Redlands, California, 92373, USA Climet Instruments Inc., 1240 Birchwood Drive, Sunnyvale, California, USA Coleman Instruments Inc., 42 Madison Street, Maywood, lllinois, USA Compagnie Industrielle des Lasers, Route de Nozay, 91 Marcoussis, France Contest Instruments Ltd., Downmill Rd., Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 lQE

Datametrics Division, CGS Scientific Corporation, 127 Coolidge Hill Rd., Watertown, Massachusetts 02172, USA

Day Sales Company, 810 Third Ave. N.E., Minneapolis 13, Minnesota, USA Degenhardt and Co. Ltd, 6 Cavendish Square, London WI

Appendix 2 649

Del Electronics Corporation, 616-T Adams Street, Steubenville, Ohio 43952, USA Delaran Manufacturing Co., West Des Moines, USA Delviljem (London) Ltd, Delviljim House, Shakespeare Rd., Finchley, Middlesex Dietert H. and Co., 9330 Roselawn Ave., Detroit, Michigan, USA Dixon A.W. and Co., 30 Anerly Station Rd., London SE20 Donaldson Co. Inc., 1400 West 94th Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55431, USA Donaldson Europe SV, Interleuvenlaan 1, B-3044, ieuven, Belgium Dow Chemicals, Midland, Michigan, USA Draeger Normalair Ltd, Kitty Brewster, Blythe, Northumberland Dragerwerk Lubeck, D-24 Lubeck 1, P.O. Box 1339, Moislinger Allee 53-55,

W. Germany Dynac Corporation, Thompsons Point, Portland, Maine, USA Dynac, Division of Dieldstone Corporation, P.O. Box 44209, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

Ealing Beck Ltd, Greycaine Rd., Watford WD2 4PW Eberline Instruments Corporation, P.O. Box 2108, Sante Fe, New Mexico 87501, USA Edison, Thomas A., Industries, Instruments Division, West Grange, New Jersey, USA Electronic Design AlS, Chr. Holms Parkvej 26, 2930 Klampenborg, Denmark Endecottes Ltd, Lombard Rd., London SW19 Engelhard Industries Ltd, Newark, New Jersey, USA Environeering Inc., 9933 North Lawler, Skokie, Illinois 60076, USA Environmental Control International (ECI) Inc., 409 Washington Ave., P.O. Box

10126, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Environmental Research Corp. (ERC), 3725 N. Dunlap Street, St Paul, Minnesota

55112, USA Erba Science (UK) Ltd, 14 Bath Rd., Swindon SN1 4BA Erdco Engineering Corp., 136 Official Rd., Addison, Illinois 60101, USA Erwin Sick Optik-Elektronik, D-7808 Waldkirch, An der Allee 7-9 Postfach 310,

W. Germany Evans Electroselenium Ltd, Halstead, Essex

Ficklen, Joseph B., 1848 East Mountain Street, Pasadena 7, California 91104, USA Fisher Scientific Co., Pittsburg 19, Pennsylvania, USA Fleming Instruments Ltd, Caxton Way, Stevenage, Hertfordshire Foster Instruments, Sydney Rd., Muswell Hill, London NlO Franklin Electronics Inc., Bridgeport, Pennsylvania, USA Freeman Labs Inc., 9290 Evenhouse Avenue, Rosemount, Illinois 60018, USA Fritsch, Albert and Co., D6580 Idar-Oberstein 1, W. Germany

Gallenkamp Ltd, Port rack Lane, Stockton-on-Tees, Co. Durham Gardner Association Inc., 3643 Carman Rd., Schenectady Rd., NY 12303, USA Gardner Laboratory, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Gelman Hawksley, 12 Peter Rd., Lancing, Sussex Gelman Instruments Co., 600 South Wagner Rd., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106, USA


General Electric Co., Schenectady, NY, USA General Electric Ordnance Systems, 100 Plastics Ave., Pittsfield, Massachusetts 01201,

USA General Motors Corporation, Flint, Michigan, USA General Sciences Corp., Bridgeport, Connecticut 06604, USA Giuliani, via Borgomanero 49, Turin, Italy Glass Developments Ltd, Sudbourne Rd., Brixton Hill, London SW1 Glen Creston, The Red House, Broadway, Stanmore, Middlesex Goring Kerr Ltd, Hanover Way, Windsor, Berkshire Greenings, Britannia Works, Printing House Lane, Hayes, Middlesex Griffin and George Ltd, Wembley, Middlesex

Hamamatsu Corporation, 120 Wood Ave., Middlesex, New Jersey 08846, USA Hamamatsu TV Co. Ltd, 1126 Ichino-cho, Hermamatsu, Japan Hamamatsu TV Europe GmbH, D8031 Hechendorf/Pilsensee, Haupstrasse 2, Postfach

7, W. Germany Harrison Cooper Associates, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Hawksley and Sons Ltd, 12 Peter Rd., Lancing, Sussex High Accuracy Products Corporation, 141 Spring Street, Claremont, California 91711,

USA Hird-Brown Ltd, Lever Street, Bolton, Lancashire BL3 6BJ Howe, V. A. and Co. Ltd, 88 Peterborough Rd., London SW6

Image Analysing Computers Ltd, Melbourne Rd., Royston, Hertfordshire SG6 6ET Imanco, 40 Robert Pitt Drive, Monsey, NY 10952, USA Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd, Nobel Division, Stevenston, Ayrshire, Scotland Infrasizers Ltd, Toronto, Ontario, Canada International Trading Co. Inc., 406 Washington Ave., P.O. Box 5519, Baltimore,

Maryland 21204, USA; also at Orchard House, Victoria Square, Droitwich, Worcestershire WR9 8QT

Japan Electron Optics Ltd, Jealco House, Grove Park, Edgeware Rd., Colin dale , London Nw9; also at 477 Riverside Ave., Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA

Joy Manufacturers Co., Western Precipitation Division, 100 West 9th Street, Los Angeles, California 90015, USA

Joyce Loebl Ltd, Princes Way, Team Valley, Gateshead 11, Co. Durham

KHD Industrie-anlagen GmbH, D-5000, Koln, W. Germany Kek Ltd, Hully Rd., Hurdsfield Industrial Estate, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2ND Kontron D-8 Miinchen 50, Lerchenstrasse 8-10, W. Germany Kontron Messgerate GmbH, D-8057, Eching, W. Germany

La Pine Scientific Co., Chicago 29, Illinois, USA Ladal (Scientific Equipment) Ltd, 'Warlings', Warley Edge, Warley, Halifax, Yorkshire

Lars A.B. Ljungberg and Co., Stockholm, Sweden Laser Associates Ltd, Paynes Lane, Warwickshire

Appendix 2 651

Laser Holography Inc., 1130 Channel Drive, Santa Barbara, California 93130, USA Lavino, Garrard House, 31-45 Gresham Street, London EC2 Leeds and Northrup Co., 4907 Stenton Ave., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19144, USA Leitz, Ernst, D-633 Wetzlar GmbH, 1 Postfach 210, W. Germany; also at Rockleigh,

New Jersey 07647, USA; also at 30 Mortimer Street, London WIN 8BB Leitz, Ernst Inc., 468 Park Ave., South New York, NY 10016, USA Litton Systems Inc., Applied Science Division, 2003 East Hennegin Ave., Minneapolis,

Minnesota 55413, USA

M and M Process Equipment Ltd, Fir Tree House, Headstone Drive, Wealdstone, Harrow, Middlesex HA3 5QS

Malvern Instruments Ltd, Spring Lane Trading Estate, Malvern, Worcestershire WR14 1AL

Manufacturing Engineering and Equipment Corporation, Warrington, Pennsylvania, USA

Mason and Morton Ltd, 32-40 Headstone Drive, Wealdstone, Harrow, Middlesex Matelem., Les Cloviers, rue d'Argenteuil, 95110 Sannois, France Meteorology Research Inc., 474 Woodbury Rd., Altaydena, California 91001, USA Metals Research Ltd, 91 King Street, Cambridge Metronics Associates Inc., 3201 Porter Drive, Stamford Industrial Park, P.O. Box 637,

Palo Alto, California, USA Mettler (Switzerland) Instruments A.G. CH-8606, Greifensee-Zurich, Switzerland Micromeretics Instrument Corporation, 800 Goshen Springs Rd., Norcroft, Georgia

30071, USA Microscal Ltd, 20 Mattock Lane, Ealing, London Millipore Corp., Ashby Rd., Bedford, Massachusetts 01730, USA Mines Safety Appliances Co. Ltd, Greenford, Middlesex Mines Safety Appliances Co. Ltd, 201 Braddock Ave., Pittsburg 8, Pennsylvania, USA Mintex Division, Cartner Group Ltd, Stirling Rd. Trading Estate, Slough, Buckingham-

shire Monsanto Company, Engineering Sales Dept., 800N Lindberg Boulevard, St Louis,

Missouri 63166, USA Mullard Equipment Ltd, Manor Royal, Crawley, Sussex

National Bureau of Standards, Washington, USA National Physical Laboratory, Division of Chemical Standards, Teddington, Middlesex

TWll OLW (Tel: 01-977 3222 ext. 3351) Nautamix, N.V., P.O. Box 773, Haarlem, Holland Nebetco Engineering, 1107 Chandler Ave., Raselle, New Jersey 07203, USA Nethreler and Hinz., GmbH, Hamburg, W. Germany NEU Engineering Ltd, 32-4 Baker Street, Weybridge, Surrey NEU Etablissement, P.O. Box 28, Lille, France


Ni On Kagaka Kogyo Co. Ltd, 4168 Yamadashimo, Suita, Osaka, Japan Normandie-Labo, 76210 lintot, France Northey International Systems Ltd, 5 Charles Lane, St John's Wood, High Street,

London NW8 7SB Northgate Traders Ltd, London EC2 Nuclear Enterprises Ltd, Sightllill, Edinburgh 11, Scotland Nuclear Measurements Corporation, 2460 North Arlington Ave., Indianapolis, Indiana,

USA Nuclepore Corporation, 7035 Commerce Circle, Pleasanton, California 64566, USA Numek Instruments and Controls Corporation, Appolo, Pennsylvania, USA Numinco, 300 Seco Rd., Monroeville, Pennsylvania 15146, USA

Optronics International Inc., Chelmsford, Massachusetts, USA Outokumpu Oy Forskningslaboratoriet, T6616nkatu 4, Helsinki, Finland

Pacific Scientific Co., P.O. Box 3007, 4719 West Brooks Street, Montclair, California 91763, USA

Page (Charles) and Co. Ltd, Acorn House, Victoria Rd., London W3 6XU Paris-Labo, 49 rue De France, 94300, Vincennes, France Particle Data Inc., P.O. Box 265, Elmhurst, Illinois 60126, USA Particle Data Ltd, 39 Tirlebank Way, New Town, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire GL20

5RX Particle Information Service Inc., P.O. Box 702, Grant Pass, Oregon 97526, USA Particle Measurement Systems, Boulder, Colorado, USA PascaU Ltd, Gatwick Road, Crawley, Sussex RHlO 2RS Pearson Panke Ltd, 1-3 Halegrove Gardens, London NW7 Penwalt Ltd, Doman Rd., Camberley, Surrey Perkin Elmer Ltd, Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire Perrier et Cie, 20 rue Marie-Debos, 92120 Montrouge, France Phoenix Precision Instruments, Gardiner, New York, USA Photoelectronics Ltd, Arcail House, Restmor Way, Hockbridge, Wallington, Surrey Pola Laboratories Supplies Inc., New York 7, USA Polaron,4 Shakespeare Rd., Finchley, London N3 Procedyne Corporation, 221 Somerset Street, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA Process and Instruments Corporation, Brooklyn, New York, USA Production Sales and Services Ltd, New Malden, Surrey Prolabo (France), 12 rue Pelee, 75011 Paris XI, France Prosser Scientific Instruments Ltd, Lady Lane Industrial Estate, Hadleigh, Ipswich,

Suffolk IP7 6DQ

Quantachrome Corporation, 337 Glen Cove Rd., NY 11548, USA

Rao Instruments Co. Ltd, Brooklyn, NY, USA Rattreyon Learning Systems, Michigan City, Indiana, USA Research Appliance Co., Route 8, Gibsonia, Pennsylvania 15044, USA

Reynolds and Branson, Scientific Equipt, Dockfield Rd., Shipley, Yorkshire

Appendix 2 653

Ronald Trist Controls Ltd, 6-8 Bath Rd., Slough, Berkshire Rotheroe and Mitchell Ltd, Aintree Rd., Greenford, Middlesex UB6 7U Royco Instruments, 141 Jefferson Drive, Menlo Park, California 94025

Saab Scania AB, Gelbgjutargarten 2, Fack 581-01-oe, Unkoping, Sweden Sartorius Instruments Ltd, 18 Avenue Rd., Belmont, Surrey Sartorius Werke, GmbH, D-34 Gottingen, W. Germany Schaar and Co., Chicago, Illinois, USA Schaeffer, K., Sprendlingen, W. Germany Science Spectrum, 1216 State Street, P.O. Box 3003, Santa Barbara, California, USA Seishin Enterprise Co. Ltd, Sotobori Sky Bldg., l3 Honmura-cho, Ichigaya, Shinjuku-

ku, Tokyo, Japan Sharples Centrifuges Ltd, Camberley, Surrey Shimadzu Seisakusho Ltd, Kanda, Mitoshirocho, Chiyodra-Ku, Tokyo, Japan Siemens Ltd, Siemens House, Windmill Road, Sunbury-on-Thames, Middlesex TW16

7HS Simon Carves Ltd, Stockport, Lancashire Simon Henry Ltd, Special Products Division, P.O. Box 31, Stockport, Cheshire Simonacco Ltd, Durranhill Trading Estate, Carlisle, Cumbria Soci!!t~ Franc;aise D'Instruments de Controle et d' Analyses, Le Mesnil, Saint Denise,

France Sondes Place Research Institute, Dorking, Surrey Spatial Data Systems Inc., Galeta, California Specfield Ltd, la Jennings Bldg., Thames Ave., Windsor, Berkshire Spectrex, 3594 Haven Ave., Redwood City, California 94063, USA Stauffer Chemical Corporation, Westport, Connecticut 06880, USA Strohlein, Dusseldorf, D-4000, W. Germany Systems and Components Ltd, Broadway, Market Lavington, Devizes, Wiltshire

TEM Sales Ltd, Gatwick Rd., Crawley, Sussex Techecology Inc., Sunnyvale, California, USA Techmation Ltd, 58 Edgware Way, Edgware, Middlesex Technotest, 65 rue Marius Auffan, 94300, Levallois, France Telefunken A.E.G., 79 Ulm, Elisabethstrasse 3, W. Germany; also at Laraterstrasse 67,

8027, Zurich, Switzerland Thermal Control Co. Ltd, l38 Old Shoreham Rd., Hove, Sussex Thermo-Systems Inc. (TSI), 2500 Cleveland Ave., North St Paul, Minnesota 551l3,

USA 3M Company, Commercial Chemicals Division, 3M Centre, St Paul, Minnesota, USA Touzart et Matignon, 3 rue Arnyot, 75005, Paris, France Trapelo Division, LFE Corporation, 1601 Trapelo Rd., Waltham, Massachusetts 02154,

USA TOA Electric Co., Kobe, Japan 2000 Inc., Box 20769, Atlanta, Georgia 33010, USA


Ultrasonics Ltd, Otley Road, Bradford, Yorkshire Unico Environmental Instruments Inc., P.O. Box 590, Fall River, Massachusetts, USA

Val-Dell Company, 1339E Township line Rd., Norristown, Pennsylvania 19403, USA VEB Transformratoren und Rontegemwerk, 48 Overbeckstrasse 8030, Dresden,

W. Germany Veco N.V. Zeefplatenfabrick, Eerbeck (Veluive), The Netherlands Vickers Instruments Ltd, Haxby Rd., York

Walther and Co. Aktiengesellschaft, 5 K6In-Dellbruck, W. Germany Warmain International Pty Ltd, Artarman, NSW, Australia Warmain International Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Warmain, Simon, Ltd, Halifax Road, Todmorden, West Yorkshire Watson, W. and Sons Ltd, Barnet, Hertfordshire Weathes Measure Corp., P.O. Box 41257, Sacramento, California 95841, USA Wessex Electronics Ltd, Stoves Trading Estate, Yate, Bristol BS17 5QP Wild-Heerbrug Ltd, CH-9435, Heerbrugg, Switzerland Willson Products Division, ESB Inc., P.O. Box 622, Reading, Pennsylvania 19603, USA

Zimney Corporation, Monrovia, California, USA

Author index

The numbers in brackets give the chapter numbers followed by the number of the reference in the chapter.

Ackerman, L., 180 (5.46) Adam, N.K., 516 (17.1) Adams, R.B., 403 (13.98),404 (13.89) Adamson, A.W., 216 (8.1),466,478 (16.3),

518,522,524,529 (17.25),564,569 (19.1)

Addingley, e.G., 584 (20.11) Adnadevic, B.K., 525 (17.102) Agafonova, N.I., 79 (3.147) Agar, A.W., 194 (6.58) Akehata, T., 590 (20.125) Alex, W., 149 (4.45,4.46),276 (9.21),306,308

(10.63),303,304,306,308 (10.64), 371 (12.77)

Alexander, 1., 384 (12.44) Alfthan, C. Van., 604, 605 (20.94) Algren, A.B., 298 (10.7), 355 (12.5) Allen, J., 88 (3.267) Allen, M., 179 (5.42) Allen, R.P., 189 (6.7) Allen, T., 26 (1.12), 34 (1.18), 208 (6.49),

224 (7.38,7.39),274 (9.25), 280 (9.26,9.27,9.37),285 (9.62,9.43,9.44, 9.46,9.49),304 (10.66), 315 (10.47), 326 (11.30), 357 (12.55), 372 (12.49), 377 (12.75), 399,400,404,406 (13.16), 453,460 (15.60), 457 (15.47,15.49), 517,521 (17.12, 17.13, 17.14),533 (17.74),534 (17.14, 17.76, 17.77)

Ali, LT., 486 (16.179) Alliet, D.F., 209 (6.127), 396,407 (13.38),

396 (13.39) Allington, M.H., 523 (17.85) Altamari, L.A., 493, 494 (16.52) Alzamora, L., 481 (16.153) Ames, D.P., 303 (10.33) Amor, A.F., 209 (6.89) Andersen, A.A., 52 (2.40), 74 (3.98, 3.237) Anderson, F.G., 392 (13.90) Anderson, G.W., 91, 94 (3.202) Andersen, J., 184 (5.63) Anderson, I.A., 81 (3.264)

Anderson, I.L., 399 (13.43) Anderson, P.L., 75 (3.69) Anderson, R.B., 478 (16.90, 16.111) Andreasen, A.A., 585 (20.17) Andreasen, A.H.M., 184 (5.62), 270, 274-76

(9.4),270 (9.5), 270, 273, 275 (9.7) 337 (12.52)

Andres, H., 606 (20.127) Andres, R.P., 95 (3.231) Andrews, L., 334 (11.4) Andrews, V.G., 73 (13.208) Annis, J.C., 298 (10.7), 355 (12.5) Antwerp, W.R. Van, 70 (3.47) Arakawa, M., 303, 306 (10.25) Armbruster, L., 429 (14.88) Armstrong, P.A., 482 (16.135) Arnell, J.C., 450 (15.12) Aschenbrenner, B.C., 200 (6.19) Ashford, J.R., 74 (3.248) Atherton, E., 357 (12.58, 12.59), 359 (12.12) Atkins, J.H., 498, 501 (16.75) Attaway, A.V., 357 (12.52) Attfield, M.D., 66 (3.17) Auerbach, F., 403, 404 (13.55) Austin, I.R., 140 (4.63) Auvermann, H.J., 91 (3.281) Avery, R.G., 484 (16.145) Aylmore, D.W., 494 (16.80) Aylward, M., 70 (3.39)

Babbit, J.D., 303, 306 (10.77), 305 (10.28), 453 (15.42)

Bachman, D., 303, 305 (10.28), 306 (10.77) Bachman, I.M., 71 (3.64) Backus, R.C., 194 (6.60) Bader, H., 403 (13.54) Badzioch, S., 38 (2.13), 343 (11.25) Bafrnec, M., 340 (11.45) Bailey, G.W., 195 (6.62) Baird, P.K., 495 (16.58) Baker, D.J., 566 (19.19)

656 Author index

Baker, F.S., 490 (16.175) Bakr, A.M., 489, 494 (16.33) Balashov, V., 84 (3.175) Baldocci, R., 250 (8.6) Baldrian, J., 419 (14.87) Baley, E.G.G., 470 (16.10) Bangram, D.H., 527 (17.61, 17.62) Baranowski, J., 259 (8.23) Barbery, G., 190 (6.98) Barfod, N., 241 (7.45) Barker, D., 190 (6.103) Barnes, E.C., 80 (3.240) Barnes, M.D., 424 (14.23) Barnes, P., 209 (6.110) Barnet, M.I., 201, 207 (6.23,6.96),595

(20.52) Barrer, R.M., 455 (15.23),479 (16.113) Barrett, E.P., 484 (16.86),538,545 (18.6),545

(18.9),579 (19.45) Barrett, H.M., 495 (16.65) Barsic, N.J., 72 (3.79) Bart, D., 66 (3.14) Bartell, F.E., 521 (17.41),248 (8.5) Bartlett, R.W., 615 (20.111) Bassarear, J.M., 601 (20.64) Batch, B.A., 394, 399,400,407 (13.11) Batel, W., 25 (1.6) Baturin, V.P., 156 (4.48) Baudet, M.G., 224 (7.39), 326 (11.30), 285

(9.62) Bauer, E.E., 288 (9.14) Bayness, J.E., 357 (12.52) Beadle, D.G., 79 (3.149), 84 (3.169) Bean, C.P., 399 (13.42), 400 (13.59) Beard, J.D., 585 (20.21) Becher, P., 202 (6.55) Beck, M.S., 60 (2.68), 617 (20.120, 20.121) Beckwith, J.B., 489 (16.36) Beddow, J.K., 107, 112, 119 (4.18,4.79,

4.81,4.82,4.83) Beebe, R.A., 489 (16.36) Beer, J.M., 44 (2.27) Beh, R.A., 489 (16.174) Behringer, A.J., 396,407 (13.38),586 (20.29) Bell, A.T., 82 (2.30) Bell, H.A., 208 (6.42) Bell, J.P., 78 (3.139) Bell, R., 481 (16.29) Bellarda, A., 482 (16.168) Beltz, R.A., 96 (3.235) Belyaer, S.P., 57 (2.49,2.50) Bena, J., 340 (11.45) Benarie, M., 79 (3.151) Benjamin, C.J., 403 (13.98,13.99) Benschop, F.M., 77 (3.131) Bensen, S.W., 492 (16.45) Beresford, 1., 359 (12.66) Berg, R.H., 398 (13.5),407 (13.53)

Berg, S., 273, 274, 289 (9.15), 273 (9.20), 368,385 (12.31)

Bering, B.P., 481, 482 (16.121),482 (16.122), 546,549 (18.19)

Berner, A., 71, 76, 77 (3.50, 3.119, 3.132, 3.133)

Berner, e.G., 428 (14.50, 14.51) Bernolat, S., 609 (20.97) Berns, E.G., 339 (11.13) Berthier, P., 519 (17.28) Bexon, R., 427 (14.77) Bhambhami, M.R., 547 (18.45) Bhat, R.K., 501 (16.176) Bickerrnan, J.J., 529 (17.96), 534 (17.69) Bierzhuizen, H.W.I., 77 (3.124) Binek, B., 93 (3.250) Birchfield, H.P., 317 (10.50) Birch, M.W., 602 (20.72) Birks, E.W., 472 (16.11) Birnie, A.W., 495 (16.65) Bishop, D.L., 303 (10.21) Bishop, G.D., 427 (14.77) Black, A., 65 (3.209) Blackett, J.H., 40 (2.20) Blaine, R.L., 445 (15.53) Blake, F.C., 432 (15.4) Blake, T.D., 477 (16.107) Blignaut, P.I., 79 (3.149) Block, M., 209 (6.89) Blumenthal, D.L., 81 (3.264) Blythe, H.N., 337 (11.7) Boardman, R.P., 241 (7.29) Babrowski, G.S., 65,174 (5.24) Boehlen, B., 566 (19.10) Bodin, D., 79 (3.151) Bodor, E.E., 547 (18.20, 18.21),548,550

(18.22) Bodziony, J., 182 (5.51) Bolger, J.C., 239, 243 (7.64) Bond, R.L., 259 (8.20) Bonekowski, N.R., 411 (13.58) Bonnell, R.D., 590 (20.39) Boose, C., 77 (3.126) Booth, F., 243 (7.72),243 (7.73) Boothroyd, R.G., 616 (20.114) Borathy, J., 285 (9.63) Bosch, I.C., 50 (2.35) Boscoe, G.F., 77 (3.136) Bostock, W., 299 (10.11), 301 (10.11),365,

385 (12.30) Botsel,435 (15.51) Bourke, R.e., 67 (3.21) Bowdisk, F.W., 262 (8.57) Bowers, R., 495 (16.70) Boyd, C.M., 359 (12.18) Boyd, G.E., 495 (16.57) Brackett, F.S., 79 (3.141),402,407 (13.78) Bradburn, I.A., 68 (3.28)

Bradfield, R., 351 (12.1) Bradford, E.B., 262 (8.56) Bradley, D., 355, 363, 383 (12.9) Bradley, D.E., 194, 195 (6.59,6.61) Bradwig, 1.G., 84 (3.175) Brandt, 0., 95 (3.223) Breitling, K., 38 (2.18) Brenner, H., 221, 223, 230, 232, 235, 237,

242 (7.2) Breuer, H., 65 (3.5) Brezina, 1., 308, (10.67, 10.68) Bricaud, 1., 424 (14.29) Brice, B.A., 94 (3.200, 3.201) Bridger, P.J., 38, 39 (2.71) Brillouin, L., 526 (17.58) Brink, 1.A., 70 (3.48) Brinkman, H.C., 237 (7.26) Brittan, M.I., 583 (20.21) Britton, H.T.S., 495 (16.57) Britton, M.S., 402 (13.79) Brodnyan, J.G., 384 (12.46) Broekhoff, J.C.P., 484 (16.91),545,546

(18.38-43),555 (18.43) Brotherton, J., 396 (13.7-9) Brown, C., 361-64 (12.26),489,493 (16.34) Brown, 1.F., 284 (9.28) Brown, 1.H., 385 (12.47) Brown, O.E., 174 (5.24) Brown, P.M., 77 (3.134),88 (3.191) Brown, S.M., 579 (19.44) Brugger, K., 354 (12.80) Brugn, P.L., de 385 (12.47) Brunauer, S., 468, 470 (16.9), 472, 488 (16.1,

16.98),476 (16.1),477 (16.7),478 (16.108),479 (16.110),488 (16.148), 490 (16.149), 547 (18.20, 18.21), 558 (18.46, 18.47, 18.52),559 (18.52, 18.53),579 (19.47)

Brundle, C.R., 196 (6.71) Bryant, A.C., 310 (10.58) Bryant, D.P., 250 (8.14) Buchanan, J .E., 240 (7.57) Buchanan, L.M., 75, 80 (3.111) Buchins, 1., 259 (8.30) Bucholz, H., 71 (3.52,3.53) Bucker, H.P., 566 (19.10) Bugge, P.E., 489, 492 (16.32) Bulba, E., 61 (2.59) Burckle, J.D., 60, 61 (2.62) Burdenkin, J.T., 83 (3.167) Burdine, N.T., 566 (19.8) Burevski, D., 468 (16.103),533 (17.74),534

(17.69,17.76,17.77) Burg, W.R., 66 (3.16) Burgers, 1.M., 237 (7.26) Burgess, C.G.V., 544 (18.7) Biirkholz, A., 71 (3.54) Burson, 1.H., 345 (11.48), 347 (11.26)

Author index 657

Burt, M.W.G., 167, 176, 177 (5.9) Burton, R.M., 74 (3.101) Butterworth, B., 566 (19.14) Buzagh, A., von, 250 (8.7) Byers, D.F., 68 (3.24) Byers, R.L., 79 (3.211)

Cabral, c., 68 (3.238) Cadle, R.D., 83 (3.161) Callis, C.F., 43, 65 (6.4), 169, 172 (5.17),

189,210 (6.4), 194, 202, 208 (6.18), 298,309 (10.5), 303 (10.33), 382 (12.22)

Cambers, H., 84 (3.171) Campbell, W.B., 461 (15.26) Candler, C., 521 (17.43) Capes, C.E., 239 (7.60) Carden, J.L., 493 (16.171) Carino, L., 249 (8.28) Carman, P.C., 435, 450 (15.8,15.13),436,

440,461 (15.15),444,448,452 (15.22),450 (15.12)

Caron, J.F., 606 (20.82, 20.86) Carpenter, F.G., 179 (5.41), 262 (8.58) Carr-Brion, K.G., 604, 60S (20.75-77) Carr, W., 359 (12.61-65, 12.94),256 (8.45,

8.46) Carter, L.D., 86 (3.214) Cartwright, J., 117, 195 (4.20), 194 (6.64),

82,83 (3.154) Cartwright, L.M., 355 (12.6) Carver, L.D., 585 (20.12) Cassel, H.M., 95 (3.224),473 (16.14, 16.15) Cauchy, A., 198 (6.24) Causley, D., 208 (6.44) Caveney, R.J., 195 (6.95) Cawood, W., 198 (6.25) Chang, C.C., 196 (6.70) Chang, C.Y., 501 (16.177) Chang, R., 426 (14.85) Charlier, R., 34 (1.24) Charpin, 1., 492 (16.146) Charman, W.N., 127 (6.68) Charvav, J., 66 (3.206) Chatfield, E.J., 203 (6.79) Chatterjee, A., 460 (15.62) Chatterton, M.H., 37,41 (2.11) Cheeseman, G.C.N., 423 (14.68) Cheng, F.Y.H., 345 (11.48),347 (11.26) Chessick, I.J., 529 (17.97) Chetty, K.V., 526 (17.110) Chigier, N.A., 428 (14.81) Chin, T.H., 615 (20.111) Chou, H.P., 428 (14.56) Choudhary, V.R., 494 (16.172) Christensen, W.D., 67 (3.278) Christenson, D.L., 86 (3.179) Christian, J.R., 242 (7.47)

658 Author index

Christiansen, E.B., 233 (7.20) Chu, V.F., 195 (6.130) Chudasama, V.P., 525 (17.107) Church, T., 112 (4.14) Churchill, N.L., 71 (3.259) Cinonen, M., 579 (19.34) Civic, T.M., 244 (7.75) Clampit, B.H., 520 (17.40) Clark, J. d'A., 524 (17.81) Clark, J.R.P., 12, 17 (1.21),563 (20.4) Clark, W.E., 81 (3.262) Clarke, J.R.P., 583 (20.4) Clarke, M.G., 68 (3.28) Clifford, R., 79 (3.106) Clint, J.H., 529 (17.67) Cochran, C.N., 517, 519 (17.17),578 (19.31) Cohen, L., 303 (10.32),366 (12.33) Cohen, M., 344 (11.38),71 (3.63),73 (3.87)

495 (16.65) Cole, M., 112 (4.15), 209 (6.85) Colon, F.J., 167, 169, 172 (5.11, 15.16),

262 (8.51),344 (11.39), 396 (13.68) Conley, F.R., 566 (19.8) Conlin, S.G., 284 (9.29) Conner, P., 317 (10.53, 10.54), 359 (12.19) Cooke, D.D., 425 (14.33),426 (14.31) Cooper, A.C., 357 (12.58, 12.59) Cooper, H.R., 588 (20.36) Corcoran, J.F., 195 (6.94) Cordell, R.E., 35 (1.3) Corn, M., 117 (4.68),400 (13.94) Corrin, M.L., 471 (16.21),526 (17.89) Cortez, J., 481 (16.153) Cosgrove, L.A., 578 (19.31) Coull, J., 231 (7.19) Coulson, J.M., 433 (15.6) Coulter, W.H., 392 (13.1),408 (13.76) Coutts, J., 299, 303 (10.10) Courty, C., 519 (17.28) Cowan, M., 73 (3.87) Cox, N.W., 428 (14.81) Crandall, W.A., 343 (11.24, 11.35) Craig, R.G., 567 (19.48) Crank, J., 453 (15.41) Cranston, R.W., 545 (18.10) Crawley, D.F.C., 169 (5.15) Crisp, D.J., 520 (17.35) Critchlow, A., 68 (3.27),74 (3.93), 163 (3.163) Crosby, M.T., 74 (3.292) Cross, H.E., 17, 18 (1.27) Cross, P.A.E., 60 (2.65-67) Crowell, A.D., 468, 471-72, 479, 481, 489,

493 (16.13) Crowl, V.T., 115, 116 (4.22), 194,202,208

(6.18),248-89 (8.3),452 (15.38) Crowthers, E.M., 299, 303 (10.10) Cunningham, E., 272 (7.4) Cunningham, P.T., 72 (3.67)

Curzio, G., 318 (10.73)

Daescher, M.W., 167, 169, 172 (5.7,5.14) Dahlgren, C.M., 75, 80 (3.111) Dahlstrohm, R., 518, 519 (17.23) Daley, P.S., 86 (3.214) Dallavalle, I.M., 79 (3.142),436,445 (15.30),

440 (15.14) Daniel, J., 79 (3.141) Darcy, H.P.G., 432 (15.1) Dart, P.W., 601 (20.65) Davidson, H.I., 411 (13.61) Davidson, J.A., 425 (14.76) Davies, C.N., 38 (2.14), 65 (3.9),66 (3.26),

68 (3.243),70 (3.39), 222,234 (7.5), 226 (7.16)

Davies, J.G., 83, 90 (3.167,3.197) Davies, J.W., 461, 462 (15.27) Davies, L., 240 (7.53, 7.55, 7.58, 7.61),

242 (7.55,7.61,7.62) Davies, R., 95 (3.254), 112 (4.17), 209 (6.83,

6.126),241 (7.40,7.42),308 (10.74), 401,407 (13.51, 13.52), 396,401, 407 (13.41),589 (20.123), 616 (20.115)

Davis, I.H., 37,44 (2.12) Davis, N.M., 596 (20.53) Debass, S., 149 (4.43) DeBlois, R.W., 399 (13.42),400 (13.59) De Boer, J.H., 478 (16.130),478,489

(16.155),484,485 (16.87,16.88), 485 (16.84),486 (16.89),492,493 (16.131),519 (17.23),538,542,543 (18.2),544,545 (18.30),545 (18.30-44),546 (18.38-43), 555 (18.32, 18.43),546 (18.16)

Decker, H.M., 75, 80 (3.111) Deitz, V.R., 492, 496 (16.46) Delley, J.G., 190 (6.93) Demming, L.S., 476 (16.1) Demmrich, H., 61 (2.57) Dennis, R., 44 (2.29) Derjaguin, B., 455 (15.33),460 (15.66),471,

478,480,489 (16.2),517,522 (17.10) Derrick, J.C., 16 (3.115) Desbiens, G., 490 (16.158) Devonshire, A.F., 526 (17.57) Dewell, P., 74 (3.246),355 (12.7) Dewitt, T.W., 477 (16.8) Dhawan, G.K., 188, 191 (6.122),566,579

(19.16) Dietz, V.K., 179 (5.41) Dietz, V.R., 262 (8.58) Diamond, S., 419 (14.57), 517,522 (17.10),

568 (19.26),569 (19.41) Diaz, L.S., 601 (20.63) Di Grado, J .C., 584 (20.6),596 (20.58) Dixon, D.C., 240 (7.57)

Dodd, C.G., 189 (6.91),461,462 (15.27) Dollimore, D., 240 (7.53, 7.55, 7.58, 7.61),

242 (7.31,7.46,7.47,7.49,7.54-56, 7.77),243 (7.33),259 (8.12),545 (18.11),474 (16.178),492 (16.142)

Dollimore, J., 493 (16.51) Donelly, H.F.E., 317 (10.49) Dongen, R.H. Van., 478 (16.130) Donaghue, I.K., 83 (3.165),301 (10.17),

365, 385 (12.30) Dorn, E., 243 (7.65) Dorizin, V.G., 60 (2.54) Dorsey, I.A., 60, 61 (2.62) Dovaston, N.G., 482 (16.120) Doyle, G.J., 87 (3.184) Drake, L.C., 566 (19.415, 19.416),568 (19.5) Draper, N., 611 (20.101) Drinker, P., 68 (3.23,3.33) Drummond, D.G., 193, 194 (6.57) Dubinin, M.M., 495 (16.59),481,482 (16.121),

488 (16.132-134, 16.167),546,559 (18.18,18.19),579 (19.33),482 (16.119),487 (16.180)

Dubois, E., 71 (358) Duleyt, B., 312 (10.75) Dulin, C.I., 243 (7.69) Dullien, F.A.L., 189-191, (6.119-122), 566,

579 (19.16) Diimbgen, G., 509 (16.79) Duncan, A.A., 201 (6.109) Dunmore, J.M., 74 (3.94) Dunn, E.J., 188 (6.2) Dunn, P., 427 (14.76) Dunn, R.C., 495 (16.54), 517 (17.9) Dunson, J.B., Jr, 392 (13.91) Dupas, M., 606 (20.84) Dupox, J., 66 (3.206) Dupre, A., 528 (17.64) Duval, P.M., 67 (3.21) Dye, R.W., 256 (8.44) Dyer, J., 585 (20.22) Dyson, 1., 205 (6.52, 6.54, 6.82) Dzubay, T.G., 72 (3.71)

Eadie, F.A., 298, 308 (10.2) Easton, LA., 523 (17.84) Eaton, W.C., 74 (3.103) Ebert, F., 345 (11.22) Ebert, K.F., 149 (4.41) Eckert, 1.1.D., 195 (6.95) Eckoff, R.K., 190 (6.101),400 (13.33),401

(13.74),407 (13.74),408 (13.97),394, 400,406 (13.15),407 (13.28)

Eckstrom, H.C., 493 (16.47) Edmundson, I.C., 396 (13.36),403 (13.20),

444,445 (15.39) Edwald, P., 301 (10.14),315 (10.45) Edwards, A.P., 75 (3.108)

Author index 659

Eggertsen, F.T., 496 (16.73) Einbinder, H., 74 (3.49) Einstein, A., 225 (7.10) Elder, M.E., 419 (14.11,14.12),421 (14.18),

424 (14.28), 520 (16.39) Eldridge, A., 337 (11.7) Elkin, P.B., 484 (16.85) Ellis, D.A., 492 (16.45) Ellis, I.F., 497, 498 (16.74) Ellis, I.R., 195 (6.62) Ellison, T. McK., 115 (4.23), 100, 189 (6.9) Elmes, P.c., 65 (3.13) Eltekov, Yu. A., 523 (17.51) Elton, G.A.H., 243 (7.66-71) Emmett, P.H., 468, 470 (16.9), 488 (16.30),

472 (16.23),477 (16.7,16.8,16.108), 481 (16.28),491 (16.37),492 (16.39)

Emonet, A.L.D., 407 (13.88) Endter, F., 201 (6.32) Engdahl, R.B., 61 (2.58) Engel, A., 427 (14.79) Engel, W.H., 256 (8.44) Ensor, D.S., 50 (2.35) Enstad, G., 190 (6.101) Epstein, P.S., 83 (3.155) Ergun, S., 436 (15.28) Ershova, T.A., 419 (14.59) Essenhigh, R.H., 435 (15.7) Everett, D.M., 544 (18.7),547 (8.65) Ewing, W.W., 521 (17.42) Exner, H.E., 202 (16.112)

Fagerhalt, G., 182 (5.49) Fairs, G.L., 115 (4.21), 188, 198,200,201,

210 (6.27, 6.35, 6.51, 6.77) Fahrenwa1d, A.W., 179 (5.36) Famularo, J., 237 (7.22) Fancher, G., 382 (12.38) Farbar, L., 616 (20.115) Farone, W.A., 426 (14.31) Farr, L.E., 69 (3.36) Farthing, W.E., 50 (2.21), 68 (3.188) Fayed, E., 197 (6.107) Faxvog, F.R., 588 (20.35) Fedoseev, D.V., 460 (15.66) Feicht, F.L., 71 (3.57) Feigin, L.A., 419 (14.55) Fells, I., 44 (2.27) Fe1sentha1, M., 566 (19.8) Felton, P.G., 607 (20.90) Feret, R.L., 191 (6.13) Ferraio10, G., 567 (19.53) Ferron, G.A., 77 (3.124) Ferry, R.M., 69 (3.36) Fewings, I.H., 611 (20.104) Fewtrell, C.A., 31 (1.15) Fils, F., 396 (13.48) Finney, 1.L., 119 (4.32)

660 Author index

Fischer, H., 566 (19.49) Fisher, M.A., 87 (3.185) Fite, W.L., 79 (3.144) Flammer, G.H., 599, 600 (20.62) Flaschbart, H., 76, 77 (3.125,3.126) Fleming, M.G., 602 (20.67) Flook, A.G., 120 (4.35) Flory, P.L, 523 (17.45) Folk, R.L., 157 (4.53) Foot, N.J., 255 (8.40) Fong, W.S., 355 (12.8) Fooks, J.C., 28 (1.13) Ford, R.W., 366 (12.56) Forrest, C.W., 497,498 (16.74) Forney, L.J., 72 (3.273) . Foweraker, A.R., 429 (14.84) Fowler, J.L., 435, 439 (15.32) Fowler, R.H., 468 (16.6) Fox, M.R., 357 (12.58, 12.59) Frederick, N.A., 82 (3.230) Freeman, D.S., 310 (10.58) Freeman, E.M., 482 (16.116, 16.118) Freund, M., 95 (3.223) Freundlich, H., 518 (17.19) Frevel, L.K., 567 (19.50) Friedova, J., 371 (12.51) Friedrich, W., 306 (10.29) Frisch, H.C., 523 (17.49) Fritts, S.S., 180 (5.43) Frock, H.N., 606 (20.88) Fry, I.A., 65 (3.209) Fuchs, N.A., 37, 38,41,57,59 (2.10),

223 (7.9),251,259 (8.17),428 (14.82) Fuerstenan, D.W., 183 (5.54) Fuller, E.L., Jr, 489 (16.176) Furmidge, C.G.L., 208 (6.45) Fusek, J.F., 520, 524 (17.36)

Gage, F.W., 448 (15.21) Gahm, J., 209 (6.115, 6.116, 6.117) Galatchi, G.L., 255 (8.11) Galbraith, J .W., 523 (17.86) Gale, R.H., 308 (lO.27) Galenko, N.P., 525 (17.111) Gall, L., 509 (16.83) Galli, S.E.L., 96 (3.285) Gans, D.M., 517, 522 (17.15, 17.16) Gardner, W., 270 (9.50) Garman, R.L., 303 (10.23) Gata, G., 525 (17.103) Gates, A.O., 140 (4.60) Gayle, J.B., 585 (20.18) Gaudin, A.M., 140 (4.62), 262 (8.57), 299

(10.12),303 (10.70) Gebhardt, J., 87, 95 (3.214,3.218),426 (14.60) Gebauer, H., 201 (6.32) Gent, M., 66 (3.18) Genot, B., 475 (16.152)

Gentry, J.W., 54 (2.72) Gerstenberg, H., 303, 306 (10.78), 305 (10.28) Gessner, H., 315 (10.43) Ghoto, K., 119 (4.32) Gibbs, J., 427 (14.77),429 (14.88) Gibson, H., 67 (3.276) Gibson, K.R., 328 (11.28) Giles, C.H., 523 (17.54, 19.82-84),524

(17.54, 17.72-73),525 (17.54, 17.70-71, 17.90-94),545,547 (18.64),579 (19.56)

Gillard, J., 568 (19.55) Gille, F., 270 (9.61) Gillespie, G.R., 70 (3.43-44) Gilmore, J., 86 (3.178) Giorgi, T.A., 484 (16.161) Girifa1co, L.A., 455 (15.24) Glaess, H.E., 189 (6.6) Glastonbury, J.R., 182 (5.53) Glowiak, B., 71 (3.59) Godin, T., 407 (13.77) Godrige, 344 (11.25) Goetz, A.H., 76 (3.116) Gold, G., 256 (8.34) Goldberg, A.S., 616 (20.114) Golden, L.S., 586 (20.29) Goldfarb, A.S., 54 (2.72), 71 (3.60) Goldschmidt, V.W., 95 (3.219, 3.229) Goldstein, S. 226 (7.14) Gonell, H.W., 338 (11.8) Gooden, E.L. 442 (15.17) Goodhue, L.D., 315 (10.39) Goossens, W., 34 (1.24) Gordon, H.R., 403 (13.54) Gordon, M.T., 82 (3.153) Goren, S.I., 396,406 (13.40) Gortner, R.A., 518 (17.20) Gotoh, K., 606, 615 (20.92) Goulden, D., 415 (14.6) Gournay, L.S., 566 (19.7) Gracias, A., 283 (9.65-66) Graessley, W.W., 421 (14.17) Graf, J., 401, 407 (13.51) Graffe, 1. J. de., 403 (13.97) Grandillo, A.D., 276 (9.23), 306 (10.65) Grant, LL., 402 (13.79) Granville, R.A., 50 (2.36) Gravenhorst, G., 71 (3.68) Greczek, J.l., 523 (17.83) Gregory, P.M., 75 (3.112) Green, H.L., 68 (3.22),72 (3.74) Green, M., 188, 189 (6.1,6.10) Green, M.L., 223 (7.7) Green, R.A., 317 (10.49) Green, T.D., 95 (3.222) Greenburg, L., 68, 71 (3.22) Greenhill, E.B., 519, 520 (17.29) Greenwen, F., 460 (15.64)

Gregg, E.C., 399 (13.45),403 (13.89) Gregg, S.J., 473 (16.100),474 (16.17, 16.151),

496 (16.71, 16.72),520,522 (17.34), 529 (17.65),561 (18.63)

Gregg, R.Q., 355 (12.6) Griffiths, D.L., 242 (7.46,7.4 7) Griffiths, J.C., 156, 157 (4.52,4.54) Grindell, D.H., 61 (2.60) Grindter, E.M., 202 (6.67) Grinrod, P.S., 276 (9.22) Griinroos, B., 510 (16.169) Gross, P., 65 (3.12) Groszek, A.J., 521 (17.44) Grove, D.M., 455, 457 (15.23) Grover, N.B., 400, 406 (13.44) Groves, M.J., 224 (7.37),241 (7.41),242 (7.51,

7.77),250,251 (8.15),356 (12.10),207, 209 (6.124,6.127),357 (12.84-86), 411 (13.60),584,596 (20.7)

Gruszka, J., 84 (3.168) Gucker, F.T., 87 (3.182,3.183,3.225,3.251,

3.252),425 (14.63, 14.64) Giihne, H., 343 (11.37) Guildner, L.A., 492 (16.44) Guindy, N.M., 486 (16.179) Gullaston, O.K., 317 (10.50) Gulbransen, E.A., 495 (16.66) Gunne, I., 403 (13.84) Gupta, AX, 359 (12.24) Gupta, V.S., 183 (5.54) Gurevich, T.N., 519 (17.30) Gurney, S.W., 72 (3.76) Guruswamy, S., 200 (6.78) Guthals, D.L., 601 (20.66) Gutmann, J., 403 (13.81) Guttrals, D.L., 255 (8.41) Guyer, A., 566 (19.10) Guyer, A., Jr, 566 (19.10)

Habden, J.F., 523 (17.48) Hackerman, N., 529 (17.99) Hadi, R.S., 595-8 (20.60) Hagan, J.E., 343 (11.36) Hagen, G., 432 (15.2) Hagymassy, J., Jr, 561 (18.60) Haines, G.F., 38 (2.16),54 (2.63) Halenda, P.O., 484 (16.86),538,545 (18.6) Haley, A.J., 499 (16.76) Haliver, M., 94 (3.200, 3.201) Hall, W.K., 478 (16.111),526 (17.63),529

(17.66) Haller, H.S., 425 (14.65) Hallworth, G.N., 68, 73 (3.207, 3.208) Hallworth, G.W., 209 (6.110) Halpin, R.K., 65 (3.4), 397 (13.62) Halsey, G.D., 468 (16.102), 473 (16.16),

474 (16.18), 478, 489 (16.154), 545 (18.14)

Author index 661

Halzhe, J., 61 (2.57) Hamer, P., 74 (3.292) Hamilton, L.R., 68 (3.207) Hamilton, R.J., 65,174 (4.10,4.11),74 (3.94,

3.174),198,210 (6.30, 6.90) Hampe, A., 406 (13.69) Hanel, G., 259, 260 (8.27), 71 (3.61,3.68) Haners, Y., 276 (9.24) Hanna, K.M., 561 (18.62) Hanson, D.H., 82 (3.230) Hanson, D.N., 79 (3.152) Hanson, R.S., 520 (17.40) Happel, J., 221,223,230,232,235,237,242

(7.2) Hardman, J.S., 499 (16.82) Hardwick, W.H., 317 (10.53-55), 359 (12.19) Harfield, J.G., 396 (13.37),408 (13.77),263

(8.53) Harkins, W.O., 472 (16.22),479 (16.25),

492 (16.43),517 (17.16, 17.18), 518-19 (17.23),522 (17.15),526 (17.63), 529 (17.66)

Harner, H.R., 360 (12.21) Harris, C.C., 140 (4.64),306 (10.61), 371

(12.50),407-8 (13.27),437-9 (15.59) Harris, D.B., 60 (2.68) Harris, F.S., 584 (20.33) Harris, G.W., 59 (2.52),67 (3.20),74 (3.99),

190 (6.102) Harris, J.E.C., 207 (6.124) Harris, M.R., 493 (16.141) Harris, W.J., 83 (3.159) Hartig, H.E., 255 (8.40) Hartmann, M.G., 69 (3.36) Harvey, E.N., 492 (16.40) Harvey, R.I., 402 (13.21, 13.22) Harwood, M.G., 189 (6.5) Haslop, D., 90 (3.288) Hatch, T., 65 (2.12), 68 (3.23, 3.33), 84 (3.171) Hattaway, R.E., 255 (8.41),601 (20.66) Hatton, T.A., 34 (1.23) Hauk, H., 76 (3.120) Haul, R.A.W., 493 (16.49),509 (16.79) Haultain, H.E.T., 339 (11.12) Hauser, E.A., 382 (12.35, 12.36) Hauser, H.H., 112 (4.12) Havard, D.C., 550 (18.55) Hawes, R.W.M., 26, 33 (1.11) Hawksley, P.G.W., 40 (2.20), 38 (2.19),208

(6.47),222-27 (7.3), 315 (10.44), 344 (11.25), 415, 423 (14.8)

Hay, W., 196 (6.104) Hayslett, H.T., 2,4 (1.29) Heal, G.R., 242 (7.31),545 (18.11) Heertjes, P.M., 248 (8.38, 8.39) Heidenreich, E., 167 (5.12,5.35,5.45),410

(13.63,13.64) Heidemann, E., 95 (3.223)

662 Author index

Heigever, G., 87 (3.241) Heintzenberg, J., 95 (3.255) Heirwegh, K.P.M., 423 (14.19) Heiss, F., 231 (7.19) Heileman, P.W., 403, 404, 410 (13.86),403,

410 (13.97,13.98) Hemeon, W.C.L., 54 (2.63) Hemeveld, W.H., 74 (3.99) Hendersen, L.M., 566 (18.3) Hendrix, W.P., 284-85 (9.47) Henrion, P.N., 455, 460 (15.63),460 (15.64) Herben, J.G.H M .• 403 (13.80) Herdan, G., 2,4 (1.30),72 (3.75), (8.8)

135,137 (4.38),180 (5.47), 192, 195 (6.16),315, 317 (10.46)

Hergwer, G., 426 (14.60) Hermans, L., 77 (3.129, 3.130) Hertel, K.L., 435, 439 (15.31, 15.32) Herziger, G., 427 (14.79) Heuval, A van dem, 545 (18.33) Heuven, J.W. van, 344 (11.39) Heyder, J., 77 (3.128),65 (4.6-8) Heywood, H., 108, 109, 111 (4.2-4),165,179,

180,183 (5.1,5.56),179 (5.35), 180 (5.45),191, 192,201 (6.33),227 (7.17), 269 (9.2), 276 (9.10),280 (9.30),290 (9.16),301 (10.16)

Hibbs, S., 75 (3.110) Hickin, G.K., 284 (9.40) Hickling, R., 96 (3.234) Hicks, R.E., 38 (2.17) Hidy, G.M., 72 (3.78) Higgins, R.I., 74 (3.246) Hildreth, J.D., 356, 386 (12.20) Hill, T.L., 476 (16.164),481 (16.129) Hinde, A.L., 17-19 (1.25),603,610 (20.2),

611,612 (20.107),583,612, 614 (20.2,20.3),589 (20.87),596 (20.3)

Hindman, E.E., 81 (3.266) Hinds, W.C., 96 (3.232) Hines, L.E., 72 (3.72) Hirschler, F.G., 243 (7.70,7.71) Hirst, J.M., 74 (3.107) Hirst, W., 519, 522 (17.32) Hjelmstadt, K.E., 197 (6.106) Hobbs, P.V., 81 (3.266) Hobson, J.P., 482 (16.135, 16.136 Hochrainer, D., 77 (3.134,3.135) Hodge, H.G., 70 (3.42) Hodkinson, J.R., 83 (3.163,3.164),116

(4.24) Hoffman, D.J., 88 (3.187) Hofman, K.P., 592 (20.45,20.46),593 (20.46) Hofmann, U., 495 (16.60) Holdsworth, J.F., 198, 201 (6.30) Holland-Batt, A.B., 602 (20.67,20.68,20.72,

20.73) Holmes, H.F., 489 (16.174)

Holmes, H.N., 518 (17.22) Holsworth, R.M., 357 (12.76) Honig, J.M., 489 (16.36) Hopkins, G.H., 585 (20.15),596 (20.56) Horrige, T.A., 242 (7.47, 7.54) Horsfall, F., 317 (10.52) Hosey, A.S., 68 (3.24) Hosona, M., 414, 415 (14.5) Hounan, R.F., 73 (3.88-89) House, H.P., 359 (12.18) Householder, M.K., 95 (3.229) Houssiere, C.R., 382 (12.38) Howe, D.O., 497, 498 (16.74) Howells, T.J., 44 (2.27) Howink, E.M., 79 (3.146) Hughes, T.H., 338 (11.9) Hukki, R.T., 182 (5.50) Hulley, B.J., 9 (Ll) Hulst, van de., 86 (3.181),415,418,419,

422,423 (14.1). Huna, W., 209 (6.86) Hunt, C.M., 262 (8.54) Hurd, F.K., 79 (3.143) Hurley, R.B., 517,520,522 (17.37) Husar, R.B., 88 (3.267),72 (3.79-81) Hutchinson, E., 520 (17.33) Hutchinson, H.L., 585, 588 (20.16) Huttig, G.F., 479 (16.19)

Ihm, S.K., 546 (18.23) Ilantzis, M.A., 170 (5.20) Imris, P., 299 (10.8) Ingles, O.G., 580 (19.42) Inkley, F.N., 545 (17.10) Inn, E.C.Y., 421 (14.16) Innes, W.B., 508 (16.78),519 (17.31),

537 (17.95),545 (18.12) Irani, R.R., 135, 169 (4.39), 172 (5.17),

189,210 (6.4), 298,309 (10.5), 303 (10.33), 355 (12.8), 382 (12.22)

Jacobs, 0.1.,425 (14.49),589 (20.37) Jacobs, J., 474 (16.17) Jacobsen, A.E., 303 (10.24),359 (12.17) Jacobson, M., 71 (3.55),392 (13.90) Jaenicke, R., 90 (3.193) Jaffrey, W.G., SO (2.36) JaKel, K., 535 (17.78) James, G.W., 291 (9.18) Jansen, M.L., 182 (5.53) Japling, D.W., 523 (17.53) Jarrett, B.A., 290 (9.16), 280 (9.30), 301

(10.16) Jarvis, J., 408 (13.72) Jay, E.C., 616 (20.119) Jayaweera, Kolf, 241 (7.44) Jaycock, M.J., 489 (16.157) Jazaifi, M., 72 (3.273)

Jean, Y.le, 606 (20.86) Jellinck, H.H.G., 523 07.48,7.50) Jenike, A.W., 256 (8.37) Jenkel, E., 523 (16.47) Jenkinson, A., 611 (20.78) Jennings, B.R., 414 (14.2),429 (14.84) Jennings, D.S., 270 (9.50) Jepson, W.B., 494 (16.80) Jerrard, H.G., 414 (14.3, 34.3) Jesse, A., 129,209 (6.84) Jesson, V., 90. (3.288) Jimbo, 105, 118 (4.1,4.25,4.26) Joffe, A.D., 194 (6.66) Johansson, M.E., 510 (16.170) John, W., 82 (3.216) Johne, R., 241 (7.43) Johnson, E.I., 317 00.51) Johnson, I., 424 (14.22) Johnson, R., 274, 288 (9.8),291 (9.17) Johnson, S.A., 72 (3.77) Johnston, J.E., 117 (4.58) Johnstone, H.F., 70 (3.44) Jones, e.0., 74 (3.248) Jones, D.e., 472 06.11, 16.12) Jones, 1.0., 90 (3.192) Jones, M.H., 359 (12.69, 12.70) Jones, T.M., 172, 175 (5.27),256 (8.31) Joos, E., 276 (9.59) Joos, P., 173 (5.23),276 (9.24),306 (10.30) Jovanovic, D.S., 241 (7.44),483 (16.127),

484 (16.128) Jowett, A., 306 00.61), 317 (10.52),407,

408 03.27) Joy, A.S., 611 (20.78),488,490,49206.31) Joyner, L.G., 473,476 06.106),484 (16.86),

492 (16.38),474 06.151),538,545 (18.6),545 (18.9)

Juda, J., 259 (8.24) Juhola, A.J., 56809.28) Junge, C., 79 (3.140) Jura, G., 479 06.25),492 (16.43),517 07.18),

526,52907.66),579 (19.45)

Kabak, J., 311 (10.34, 10.35) Kadlec, 0., 482, 487 (16.166),488 (16.167) Kaganer, M.G., 483 (16.126) Kahn, A.A., 34 (1.17,1.18) Kahrun, R., 396,401,403 (13.51),401 (13.53),

401,407 (13.51),401 (13.53),592, 593 (20.49)

Kaiser, F., 344 (11.16) Kalakutskii, L.I., 79 (3.145) Kalinin, V.R., 419 (14.59) Kallai, T., 76 (3.116) Kalling, L.O., 40303.84) Kalmus, E.E., 78 (3.138) Kalshoven, J., 284 (9.41,9.42) Karnack, H.J., 362, 37102.71),368 (12.32)

Author index 663

Kamakin, N.M., 57909.46) Kamatsu, S., 429 (14.89) Kanellopoulos, A.G., 357 (12.81-83) Kanstad, S.O., 428 (14.83) Karhnak, J.M., Jr, 585 (20.19,20.20) Karnik, R.R., 523 (17.88) Karpenko, I., 256 (8.44) Kasper, G., 95 (3.282) Kaspersma, J.H., 47806.130) Kast, W., 274 (9.56) Kawahashi, M., 348 (11.44) Katz, S.H., 68 (3.34), 87 (3.185) Kaye, B.H., 13, 23, 24, 25, 31, 34 (1.4, 1.8),

118,119,123 (4.34,4.70,4.72), 176-78,182,183 (5.30-35,5.58), 208 (6.49), 241 (7.29, 7.40, 7.42), 291 (9.18), 308 (10.74), 356 (12.10, 12.11),385 (12.11),425 (14.67)

Kaye, G.W.e., 45005.34) Kaye, W., 91 (3.198) Keafer, D., 94 (3.204) Keen, B.A., 359 (12.15) Keenan, A.G., 478 (16.112) Keith, C.M., 76 (3.115) Keller, J.D., 88 (3.189, 3.190) Kellie, J .L.F., 260 (8.19) Kelly, W.S., 315 00.38) Kelsall, D.F., 592 (20.41), 611 (20.106) Kendall, C.E., 341 (11.31),342 (11.32),596

(20.54) Keng, E.Y.H., 82 (3.239), 256, 260 (8.13) Kenyon, A.S., 424 (14.25, 14.26) Kerker, M., 60 (2.55), 418 (14.37),419

(14.13),424 (14.21),425,426 (14.31-33)

Kerian, L., 519 (17.28) Kerlogue, R.H., 489, 492 (16.32) Keyes, W.F., 437, 439, 444 (15.29) Khaled, M.J., 90 (3.192) Khali1i, M., 357 (12.78) Kiff, P.R., 184 (5.61), 314 (10.80) Kiffer, C., 308 (10.26) Kim, S.C., 300 00.71) King, A.E., 394 (13.67) King, J., 317 (10.51) Kinsman, S., 408 (13.73) Kipling, J.J., 51707.78),520 (17.38) Kiselev, AV., 488 (16.101), 550 (18.50) Kitto, P.M., 79 (3.149), 84 (3.169) Klimpel, R.R., 140 (4.63) Kloshko, B.N., 525 (17.109) Knapp, R.T., 303 (10.22), 315 00.41) Knowles, A.J., 490 (16.162) Knudsen, M., 45405.43,15.44) Knudson, E.O., 81, 82 (3.212, 3.217) Koch, H.L., 26 (1.9) Koettgen, P., 270 (9.52) Koganovskii, A.M., 525 (17.112)

664 Author index

Koglin, B., 149 (4.45,4.47),241 (7.41), 250 (8.10), 256 (8.42)

Kiihn, M., 270 (9.53) Kolmogoroff, A.N., 141 (4.67) Kolthoff, I.M., 523 (17.52) Kominz, D.R., 400 (13.50) Konig, W., 61 (2.61) Konowalchuk, H., 183 (5.58) Kopelman, B., 492 (16.41) Kopps, J., 77 (3.130) Kossen, N.W.F., 248 (8.38,8.39) Kotrapper, P., 71 (3.65) Kovall, G.E., 174 (5.24) Kovar, V., 95 (3.228) Kozel, W.M., 74 (3.104) Kozeny, J., 432 (15.5) Kozhenkov, V.I., 428 (14.82) Krahtovil, J.P., 418 (14.37),426 (14.35, 14.36) Kramer, E.O., 314, 315 (10.37) Krasnopolskaya, V.N., 490 (16.24) Krasnovskii, A.A., 519 (17.30) Kratel, R., 94 (3.196,3.203) Kratel, S.A., 88, (3.289) Kraus, G., 270 (9.51),455,456 (15.24) Krautwasser, P., 419 (14.70) Kressley, L.J., 567 (19.50) Krinsley, D., 197 (6.105) Krishnamoorthy, T.S., 501 (16.176),455,457

(15.46,15.47) Krost, K.J., 78 (3.139) Krueger, E.O., 585,596 (20.14) Krutzch, J., 259 (8.26) Krumbein, W.C., 112 (4.9-11), 156,204 (4.50,

4.55,4.81),241 (7.41),250 (8.10), 256 (8.42)

Krzyzewski, Z., 275 (9.58) Kubitschek, H.E., 392 (13.3, 13.4),404 (13.56) Kulshreshtha, A.K., 525 (17.107) Kuncewicz, I., 275 (9.58) Kiipfer, H.A., 586 (20.126) Kurz, H.P., 538 (18.67) Kurz, T.E., 402 (13.79) Kwolek, W.F., 403 (13.18) Kynch, G.J., 236 (7.21)

Laan, H.M., van der, 344 (11.39) Laby, T.H., 450 (15.34) Lachaise, I., 283 (9.66) Lachman, L., 585 (20.13) Laird, W.E., 111, 112 (4.19) La Mer, V.K., 60 (2.54), 421, 424 (14.15,

14.16),424 (14.21, 14.22, 14.24, 14.25, 14.27)

Lamond, T.G., 482 (16.114),487 (16.139), 546 (18.24)

Lamothe, P.J., 90 (3.280) Lancaster, J.K., 519, 522 (17.32)

Landa, Va. A., 508 (16.173) Landspersky, H., 299 (10.8) Lane, W.R., 68 (3.22),223 (7.7) Lang, J.S., 585, 588 (20.16) Langer, G., 592 (20.42-44, 20.4 7,20.51) Langmaid, R.N., 306 (10.72) Langmuir, I., 466 (16.4),516,520 (17.4),

518 (17.24) Lantorpe, K., 403 (13.84) Lantz, R.J., 585 (20.13) Lapointe, C.M., 501 (16.96) Lapple, C.E., 345 (11.21, 11.46),223 (7.6) Lard, E.W., 579 (19.44) Lark, P.D., 204 (6.80) Larionov, O.G., 525 (17.106) Larsson, E., 510 (16.169) Laskin, S., 70 (3.42) Laundy, B.I., 317 (10.53-55), 359 (12.19) Laver, 0.,175 (5.4, 5.26, 5.65),341 (11.33) Lauterbach, K.E., 79 (3.150) Lea, F.M., 441, 442, 449 (15.10, 15.15, 15.16) Leary, I.A., 73 (3.86) Lecloux, A., 486 (16.92) Lee, J.A., 579, 580 (19.36), 580 (19.40) Lee, T., 617 (20.120,20.121) Lees, B., 41 (2.22) Lees, M.J., 611 (20.102,20.103) Lehman, H., 270 (9.54) Leipziger, F.D., 493, 494 (16.52) Lemeke, W., 495 (16.60) Lennard-Jones, J.E., 526 (17.57) Lenski, G., 183 (5.57) Lenz, F., 189 (6.8) Leoveanu, 0., 256 (8.35) Leppard, e.J., 566 (19.20) Leschonski, K., 165, 170, 174, 183 (5.3,5.19,

5.59),270,272,274,275 (9.9), 149 (4.45,4.47), 305, 308 (10.56), 303, 304, 306, 308 (10.64), 325, 339, 340, 345 (11.1), 330 (11.29), 345 (11.17), 609,610 (20.95, 20.96, 20.98, 20.122)

Leuchenko, T.M., 525 (17.112) Leurs, A., 460 (15.64) Levich, V.G., 231 (7.18) Levin, L.M., 57 (2.46,2.49,2.50) Levy, D., 66 (3.18) Lewis, C.W., 90 (3.280) Lewis, P.e., 280 (9.33) Liabastre, A.A., 580 (19.57) Lieberman, A., 87,90 (3.185, 3.288),584

(20.8, 20.9), 587 (20.30) Lilienfeldt, P., 95 (3.226) Linck, E., 202 (6.112) Lines, R., 32 (1.31), 402 (13.24),407 (13.70,

13.77, 13.95),595 (20.52) Linnar, E.R., 517 (17.5), 518 (17.20), 544,

545 (18.30),545 (18.31, 18.33, 18.35) Linsen, B.G., 484 (16.88),485 (16.84),492,

493 (16.131)

Lippens, B.C., 484 (16.87, 16.88),485 (16.87), 492,493 (16.131),544,545 (18.30), 545 (18.31, 18.32, 18.34)

Lippman, M., 65, 74, 80 (3.215, 3.242, 3.249) Lister, B.A.J., 489, 493 (16.35) Littlefield, J .B., 71 (3.57) Liu, B.Y.H., 69,71,72,81 (3.38,3.67,

3.79-81,3.263,3.265,3.279,3.286) Livingstone, H.K., 495 (16.57),481 (16.26,

16.27) Llewellyn, D.M., 107 (4.80) Llewellyn, G.J., 60 (2.68) Lloyd, H.B., 280 (9.34) Lloyd, P.J., 17, 18, 19 (1.25), 357, 359

(12.54),372 (12.78),460 (13.14) 583,603,610,612 (20.2),592 (2Q.48)

Loebenstein, W.V., 492, 496 (16.46) Loeser, E.H., 472 (16.22) Lombard, G.A., 359 (12.94) Long, E.A., 495 (16.70) Lorentz, H., 221, 225 (7.1) Lorenz, R., 270,274 (9.55) Lothian, G.F., 280 (9.33) Lovell, G.H.B., 501 (16.81) Loveridge, D.J., 311 (10.34) Lovering, P.E., 64, 91 (3.257,3.291) Lowan, A.N., 415 (14.7) Lowell, S., 476 (16.165) Lucas, D.H., 60 (2.65-67) Ludwig, F.L., 76 (3.117) Luke, c.L., 78 (3.210) Lund, I.E., 37,41 (2.11) Lundberg, J.J.V., 270, 273, 275 (9.7) Lundgren, D., 73, 86 (3.82-85, 3.214) Lyklema, J., 524 (17.56) Lynch, A.J., 611 (20.99-101) Lynn, J.E., 382 (12.37) Lynn, L.G., 51 (2.39)

Maas, 0.,461 (15.26) Maas, P., 495 (16.53,16.62) McAdam, J.C.H., 341 (11.31) McBain, J.D., 517 (17.9) McBain, J.W., 489, 494 (16.33) McBridge, G.B., 242 (7.49), 240 (7.53), 242

(7.77) McCabe, L.M., 64 (3.2) MacCalman, D., 180 (5.44), 183 (5.55) McCarthy, C., 209 (6.125) McCave, LN., 408 (13.72) Maclay, W.N., 202 (6.67) McCormick, H.W., 384 (12.45) McCrone, W.C., 190 (6.92) McCulley, C.R., 189 (6.6) McDonald, D.P., 359 (12.60) MacDonald, L.A., 489, 493 (16.35) McEnaney, B., 482 (16.120)

Author index 665

McFarland, A.R., 73 (3.84) McGee, J.P., 402, 404 (13.29) McIntosh, J., 382 (12.39) McIntyre, D.D., 156 (4.52) MacIver, D.S., 472 (16.23) McKay, R.B., 523 (17.84) McKelvey, J.B., 518 (17.22) MacKenzie, N., 479 (16.113) McKnight, T.S., 566 (19.11) McLeod, D., 479 (16.113) McManus, D.A., 156 (4.49) MacNevin, W.N., 523 (17.52) McQuie, G.R., 601 (20.64) McShane, W.P., 61 (2.59) MacWaters, J.T., 79 (3.144) Madelaine, G., 96 (3.285) Madzen, F.T., 525 (17.104) Maguire, B.A., 397 (13.62),59 (2.52) Malherbe, P. Ie R., 444, 448, 452 (15.22) Malhetra, V.M., 174 (5.25) Malik, M.T., 561 (18.63) Mallove, E.F., 96 (3.232) Mandelbrt, B.P., 119, 121 (4.33,4.84) Mandesloot, W.G.B., 305 (10.57) Mannheim, C.H., 256 (8.32) Marchassault, R.H., 566 (19.11) Margalis, S., 197 (6.105) Marienko, 1., 259 (8.29) Maron, S.H., 419 (14.10-12), 421 (14.18).,

424 (14.10, 14.28),520 (17.39) Marple, V.A., 71 (3.67),69,94 (3.38), 72,90

(3.73),584 (20.10) Marr, A.G., 402 (13.22) Marsh, H., 482 (16.114,16.116,16.124,

16.125),484 (16.144),487 (16.139, 16.140),559 (18.49)

Marshall, C.E., 298 (10.1),359 (12.15), 354 (12.2)

Marshall, T.R., 87 (3.253),420 (14.62) Martens, A.E., 88 (3.189),197,209 (6.114) Martin, G., 191 (6.11) Martin, J.J., 385 (12.47) Martin, P.M., 139 (4.78) Martin, R.A., 84 (3.173) Martin, S.W., 361, 385, 386 (12.27,12.28) Martinez, A., 283 (9.66) Maskell, W.C., 579, 580 (19.36), 580 (19.40) Mason, B.J., 241 (7.44) Mason, S.G., 566 (19.11) Matalyavickus, V.P., 79 (3.147) Matijevic, E., 60 (2.55) Mattern, C.F.T., 402, 407 (13.78) Matteson, J.e., 79 (3.143) Matteson, M.J., 82 (3.239), 95 (3.282) Matthew, R.A., 90 (3.195) Matthews, B.A., 263 (8.52), 396 (13.20) Maude, A.D., 237 (7.24) Mavrov, A., 581 (19.59) May, 1.,259 (8.29)

666 Author index

May, J.O., 566 (19.14) May, J.R., 69 (3.37) May, K.R., 59 (2.51),65 (3.4),67 (3.20),

68 (3.27),70,71 (3.4,3.20,3.27,3.41, 3.70,3.96,3.97),74 (3.97), 75 (3.106,3.109,3.110,3.112,3.113, 3.260,3.261),198 (6.28)

Medalia, A.I., 112,120 (4.13,4.36) Medana, R., 482 (16.168) Mehta, P.M., 191 (6.120) Mehta, R.G., 400 (13.13) Meigs, R.R., 72 (3.76) Meister, G., 183 (5.57) Meloy, T.P., 119 (4.28-31) Meloy, T.R., 140 (4.62) Mengelsdorf, P.C., 306 (10.62) Menis, 0.,359 (12.18) . Mercer, T.T., 81, 95 (3.222,3.243) Mercer, W.B., 403 (13.83) Meric, J.P., 606 (20.80-83,20.86) Merz, A., 525 (17.105) Mesderfer, 1.W., 524 (17.79) Metzger, K.L., 609 (20.98, 20.122), 610

(20.122) Meyer, H.I., 567 (19.23) Meyer, R.P., 567 (19.51) Michaels, A.S., 239, 243 (7.64) Michand, F., 526 (17.59) Mieville, R.S.L., 561 (18.59) Mika, T.S., 183 (5.54) Mikhail, R.S., 486 (16.179),488 (16.148),

490 (16.149),547 (18.20, 18.21), 550 (18.21), 558 (18.46, 18.52), 559 (18.52, 18.53),561 (18.58)

Miller, B., 407 (13.77) Millikan, R.A., 450 (15.35) Mills, A.A., 139 (4.178) Mitchell, P.G., 604,605 (20.76) Mitchell, R.L., 61 (2.58), 70 (3.45) Mitzutani, S., 182 (5.52) Moffatt, J.B., 490 (16.162) Mohnen, V., 592 (20.45) Mokler, B.V., 74 (3.277) Mollet, H., 249 (8.28) Moltini, E., 179 (5.40) Montgomery, C.W., 473, 476 (16.106) Montgomery, J.R., 34 (1.19) Montgomery, T.L., 71 (3.63) Monteith, J., 75 (3.112) Moore, D.W., 224, 225 (7.36) Moore, L.c., 586 (20.27) Moran, P.A.P., 192 (6.15) Moran, R.F., 179 (5.38) Moreland, C., 616 (20.118) Morgan, B.B., 207 (6.38),392 (13.2) Morgan, C.T., 408 (13.76) Morgan, 1.J., 400 (13.34) Morgan, V.T., 280 (9.31) Morgenthal, J., 525 (17.105)

Morley, M.C., 41 (2.22) Morony, M.J., 129 (4.37) Morowetz, H., 523 (17.46) Moroz, W.J., 91, 94 (3.202) Morris, E.J., 79 (3.148) Morris, H.E., 495 (16.53) Morris, V.J., 429 (14.84) Morrow, P.E., 81 (3.243) Morse, F.L., 584 (20.33) Morse, T.H., 400 (13.49) Morton, R.R.A., 197,209 (6.114,6.125) Moser, H., 356 (12.48) Mosley, L.R., 420 (14.69) Mulford, D.F., 201 (6.34) Mullard, F.S., 208 (6.42) Muller, G., 259 (8.27) Muller, L.D., 26, 33 (1.11) Muller, R.H., 303 (10.23) Mulligan, W.O., 495 (16.63) Mullin, 1.W., 183 (5.66) Mulling, J.C., 79 (3.143) Mumford, D., 123 (4.77),306 (10.59) Munkelwitz, H.R., 90 (3.197) Muntwyler, F., 404 (13.57) Murley, R.D., 364 (12.29) Murphy, P., 2,4 (1.29) Muschelknautz, E., 362 (12.89-91) Musgrove, J.R., 360 (12.21) Muskat, 435 (15.51) Muta, A., 224 (7.37), 262 (8.50)

Naidu, P.R., 526 (17.110) Nakagaki, M., 414 (14.4) Nakajima, Y., 607,615 (20.92, 20.93) Nakhura, S.N., 523 (17.83),525 (17.91) Napper, D.H., 420 (14.14) Narjes, L., 44 (2.30) Narva, O.M., 118 (4.69) Nashed, S., 561 (18.63) Nasta, M.D., 107 (4.82) Nathan, I.F., 201 (6.96) Natusch, D.F.S., 66 (3.15) Nauman, A.Z., 226 (7.15) Naumann, D., 356 (12.57) Naylor, A.G., 13,23-25,31 (1.4),118 (4.70),

183 (5.58) Nelson, F.M., 496 (16.73) Nelson, P.A., 616 (70.119) Neuskii, LA., 96 (3.284) Neuzil, L., 340 (11.45) Newhouse, M., 66 (3.18) Newton, G.J., 74 (3.277) Newton, H.W., 328 (11.19) Newton, W.H., 328 (11.19) Nicholson, W.L., 191 (6.21) Nicolson, G., 425 (14.33) Niedick, E.A., 172 (5.22) Nikishova, N.I., 508 (16.173)

Nissan, A.H., 301 (10.15) Nobbs, J.H., 42004.69) Noll, K.E., 71 (3.62) Nonhebel, G., 41, 50 (2.38), 284 (9.38) Nordal, P.E., 428 (14.83) Northey, H.L., 52307.50) Norton, F.H., 359 (12.16) Noss, P., 44 (2.33) Nurse, R.W., 441, 442, 449 (15.10, 15.16)

O'Connor, D.T., 73 (3.90, 3.92) Oden, S., 276 (9.60), 299, 303 00.9),

303 (10.18) Odler, 1., 548,550 (18.22) O'Donnel, H., 71 (3.63) Oeseburg, F.M., 77, 87 (3.131, 3.186, 3.270) Ogden, T.L., 67 (3.276) O'Hare, J.E., 96 (3.235) Oki, K., 590 (20.125) O'Konski, C.T., 87 (3.182-184) Olin, J.G., 86 (3.172-174) Oliphant, S.C., 382 (12.38) Oliver, J.P., 284 (9.40),561 (18.57) Olson, B.J., 402, 407 (13.78) Oortwijn, H., 403 (13.85, 13.97) Orenstein, A.J., 65 (3.3) Oristad, N.l., 255 (8.40) Orning, A.A., 436 (15.28) Orr, C., 79, 82, 84 (3.142, 3.153, 3.173),

188, 195 (6.3), 224, 225 (7.36), 288 (9.13), 284 (9.40),345 (11.48), 347 (11.26),415 (14.9),436,445 (15.30),460 (15.55),522, 517 (17.10), 580 (19.57)

Osborne, B.F., 17, 18 (1.26),602 (20.70, 20.71)

Oseen, C.W., 226, 236 (7.12) Osinga, J., 485 (16.84) Osinga, Th. J., 545 (18.35) Otis, B., 403 (13.54) Ottewell, R.H., 41904.14) Oulton, T.D., 538, 544 (18.3) Overbeck, E.M., 50 (2.37) Owen, M.W., 314 (10.81) Owens, J.S., 69 (3.35) Owens, N.F., 242 (7.56)

Padday, I.F., 524, 525 (17.55) Padhye, M.R., 523 (17.88) Page, H.G., 156 (4.51) Pahl, M.H., 112 (4.16) Palik, E.S., 300 (10.71),308 (10.31) 394, 396

(13.31) Palmer, H.K., 566, 580 (19.43), 570 (19.38) Papadikas, M., 616 (20.112) Parfitt, G.D., 246 (8.16.8.43),478,481

(16.109),486 (16.150) Parker, G.I., 57 (2.43) Parkes, W., 44 (2:31)

Author index 667

Parmenter, C.S., 420 (14.62), 87 (3.253) Parrent, G.B., Ir, 427 (14.73, 14.78) Partington, 450 (15.36) Partyka, S., 529 (17.100, 17.101) Patel, R.M., 517, 521 (17.12-14),534 (17.12,

17.13,17.68) Patitsas, A.I., 425 (14.67) Pattenden, N.J., 66 (3.19) Patterson, D., 356, 386 (12.20),420 (14.69) Patterson, H.S., 198 (6.25) Pattison, J.N., 492 (16.42) Paulus, H.I., 36 (2.73) Pavlik, R.E., 243 (7.74),276 (9.64) Payne, B.O., 206 (6.53) Payne; R.E., 298, 308 00.2) Pearson, J.R.A., 226 (7.13) Pechukas, A., 448 (15.21) Pelassy, P., 71 (3.66) Peleg, M., 256 (8.32) Peloso, A., 567 (19.53) Pendleton, A.G., 444 (15.18) Penkala, S., 259 (8.30) Penny, G.W., 80 (3.240) Perkins, W.A., 75 (3.105) Perry, I.H., 250 (8.18) Perry, R.W., 207 (6.124) Peters, E.D., 167 (5.7) Petersen, E.E., 123 (4.75) Peterson, I.L., 172 (5.67) Peterson, K.O., 384 (12.43) Pettus, R.O., 590 (20.39) Pettyjohn, E.A., 233 (7.20) Pettyjohn, F.I., 156 (4.50) Pfane, B., 42804.52, 14.53) Pfeiffer, G., 403, 410 (13.65) Phelps, B.A., 210 (6.90) Phillip, G.C., 107 (4.82) Phillips, D.T., 426 04.54) Phillips, I.W., 208 (6.45) Pickard, H.B., 87 (3.182) Pickering, H.L., 493 06.47) Pickett, G., 478 (16.99) Picknet, R.G., 71 (3.51) Pidgeon, F.D., 189 (6.91),461,46205.27) Pidgeon, L.M., 495 (16.62) Pierce, C.,487, 490 (16.138), 545 (18.8, 18.15) Pierce, 1.0., 71 (3.64) Pierce, P.E., 419 (14.10, 14.12),421 (14.18) Pierce, T.I., 242 (7.52) Pieratti, R.A., 493 (16.171) Pilcher, I.M., 70 (3.45) Pilat, M.I., 50 (2.35) Pilea, V., 256 (8.35) Pilezynski, R., 71 (3.59) Pilpel, N., 256 (8.33) Pinnick, R.G., 81 (3.281),88 (3.187) Pisani, I.F., 403 (13.19) Pitts, I.H., 87 (3.182) Plachenov, T.G., 566 (19.12)

668 Author index

Plessner, LV., 424 (14.27) Plestil, J., 419 (14.87) Pochlein, G.W., 348 (11.42) Pockels, A., 516 (17.3) Podul'skii, A.A., 79 (3.145) Poiseuille, J., 432 (15.3) Polke, R., 400, 406 (13.35) Polhrd, W.G., 455 (15.45) Pomeroy, H.H., 495 (16.54) Pomeroy, N.P., 75 (3.110) Porstendorfer, J., 77 (3.127, 3.128) Porter, M.C., 587 (20.31) Powers, T.C., 238,439 (7.28) Pownall, J.H., 26 (1.10) Preining, 0., 95 (3.282) Prenzlow, C.F., 569, 575 (19.29) Present, R.D., 455 (15.45) Pretorious, S.T., 305 (10.57) Prewett, W.G., 83 (3.160) Priem, M., 402 (13.23) Princen, L.H., 403 (13.18) Prochazka, D., 371 (12.75) Proctor, T.D., 74 (3.93,3.95),190 (6.102,

6.103) Proudman, I., 226 (7.13) Provder, T., 357 (12.76) Pryor, EJ., 337 (11.7) Pui, D.Y.H., 81 (3.263) Pui, Y.P.P., 81 (3.265),3.279) Purcell, W.R., 566 (19.12) Putman, R.E.J., 611 (20.105) Putz, R., 306, 308 (10.63)

Quinn, J.A., 399 (13.43)

Raabe, O.G., 74 (3.277) Rabatin. GJ., 308 (10.27) Radjy, F., 546 (18.61) Radke, L.F., 81 (3.266) Rae, S., 66 (3.17) Rainsforth, A.E., 590 (20.39) Ramakrishna, V., 242 (7.50,7.51) Rammler, E., 38,44 (2.18), 139 (4.40) Ramsay, J.D.F., 484 (16.145) Rand, B., 482 (16.124, 16.125),483 (16.143),

487 (16.140),559 (18.49),560 (18.56) Randall, K.M., 88 (3.190) Ranz, W.E., 70 (3.40) Rao, A.K., 72, 74 (3.271, 3.272) Rao, A.P., 111 (4.19) Rao, S.R., 242 (7.50) Rao, T.C., 611 (20.100) Rappeneau, J., 568 (19.24) Rasneur, B., 492 (16.146) Ravenhall, D.G., 72 (3.273) Rayleigh, Lord, 217 (7.34),510 (17.2) Raymond, L.D., 392 (13.92) Razouk, R.I., 527 (17.60-62)

Read, C.E., 382 (12.35) Reed, L.E., 44 (2.28) Reich, B., 566 (19.21) Reichelt, H., 77 (3.132, 3.133) Reichertz, P.P., 566 (19.7) Rendell, M., 614 (20.109) Rendall, R.E.G., 84 (3.175) Renshaw, F.M., 71 (3.64) Restarick, c.J., 592 (20.41),611,620 (20.106) Revell, R.S.M., 194 (6.58) Reverbi, A., 567 (19.53) Rhoda, R.N., 521 (17.42) Rhodes, C.A., 590 (20.38) Rhodes, C.T., 263 (8.52), 396 (13.10) Rhodes, E., 190 (6.119) Rhodin, T.N., 495 (16.67-69) Ricca, F., 482 (16.168) Ricci, R.J., 588 (20.36) Richards, J .C., 325 (11.18) Richardson, J.F., 237 (7.25),239 (7.79),

433 (15.6) Richter, V., 525 (17.105) Rickett, G., 492 (16.142) Ridgeway, C.M., 566 (19.3) Rigby, 0., 396, 404 (13.30) Rigden, R.J., 444, 446 (15.19),449,450

(15.9,15.11) Rimberg, D., 94 (3.204) Rinde, H., 303 (10.20) Rippon, M., 357,359 (12.54) Ritter, H.L., 566 (19.4, 19.5),568 (19.5) Rittinger, P.R. von, 165 (5.2) Robens, E., 509 (16.93, 16.94) Roberts, B.F., 545 (18.13) Roberts, F., 207 (6.40) Roberts, N.K., 569 (19.30) Robillard, F., 425 (14.66,14.67) Robinson, G.W., 270 (9.3) Robinson, L., 76 (3.117) Robinson, R., 492 (16.142) Robison, H.E., 361, 385, 386 (12.28) Rock, H., 61 (2.61) Roe, R.J., 517 (17.113) Roess, L.C., 484 (16.85) Roller, P.S., 332 (11.2), 339 (11.10) Rolwink, W., 79 (3.146) Romine, J.O., 585 (20.18) Romwalter, A., 361 (12.25) Roos, R., 77 (3.131, 3.270) Rootare, H.M., 567 (19.48),568,569,575

(19.27,19.29,19.30),570 (19.38) 576 (19.35)

Rosai, L., 484 (16.161) Rose, D.G., 425 (14.64) Rose, H.E., 280 (9.34-36), 306 (10.72),440,

452 (15.54) Rosen, J.M., 88 (3.187) Rosen, L.J., 117 (4.58,4.59)

Rosenberg, A.J., 493 (16.50) Rosenberg, L.D., 169 (5.16) Rosin, P., 139 (4.40) Rosinski, 1.,189 (6.6) Ross, R.W., 455, 456 (15.24) Ross, S., 561 (18.57),479 (16.20) Ross, W.B., 566 (19.3) Rossi, C., 250 (8.6) Roth, C., 87 (3.241),426 (14.60) Roth, R., 509 (16.95) Rouillard, E.E.A., 38 (2.70) Rouqueral, F., 529 (17.10) Rouqueral, I., 529 (17.101) Rowe, P.C., 566, 580 (19.43) Rowe, S.H., 187 (6.72) Rowley, H.H., 519 (17.31) Royer, H., 96 (3.236) Rubow, K.L., 72, 90, 94 (3.73),584 (20.10) Ruckenstein, E., 195 (6.130),546 (18.23) Ruhenstrath, B.G., 402 (13.87) Rumbach, B., 523 (17.47) Rumpf, H., 112, 149 (4.16, 4.41-44), 325,

339,340 (11.1),339 (11.10), 344 (11.15-17),609 (20.95)

Ruping, G., 57 (2.45) Russel, A.S., 517, 519 (17.17) Ruzek, J., 526 (17.108),195 (6.131) Rvyssen, R., 276 (9.24)

Sadouskii, B.F., 96 (3.284) Sahu, B.K., 190 (6.99) Saito, H., 429 (14.89) Saito, N., 262 (8.50) Sakurada, I., 414, 415 (14.5) Saltz mann, B.E., 66 (3.16) Samyn, J.C., 402, 404 (13.29) Sand, J.A., 601 (20.65) Sandberg, P., 196 (6.104) Sansone, E.B., 67 (3.278),40 (2.5),243 (7.74),

244 (7.75),276 (9.64),285 (9.49) Sandstede, G., 509 (16.94) Sarmiento, G., 242 (7.48), 242, 243 (7.63) Sauerbrey, G., 406 (13.69) Saunders, K., 382 (12.41) Saunders, F.L., 348 (11.43) Sawicki, e.R., 78 (3.139) Sawyer, K.F., 76 (3.114) Scarlett, B., 356 (12.10), 357,359 (12.54),

372 (12.78),400 (13.14),592 (20.48, 20.50)

Schachman, H.K., 382 (12.36,12.40) Schadel, G., 112 (4.16) Schadow, E., 566 (19.49) Schadt, C.F., 83 (3.161) Schaller, R.E., 345 (11.21) Schane, K.C., 119 (4.27) Schapiro, J.J., 566, 568 (19.9) Schedling, J.A., 76 (3.120)

Author index 669

Schicketaus, W., 68 (3.30) Schi11ai, L., 226 (7.15) Schindler, U., 609 (20.98) Schlechter, A.W., 299 (10.12), 303 (10.70) Schleusener, S.A., 584 (20.32) Schlotzer, G., 300 (10.71) Schmidt, W., 356 (12.48) Schofield, R.K., 359 (12.15) Scholten, J.J.F., 568, 569 (19.25) Schone, E., 337 (11.5) Schonert, K., 147 (4.43) Schrag, K.R., 400 (13.93) Schriever,435 (15.54) Schroeter, S.R., 190 (6.119) Schubert, Y., 492 (16.41) Schuldes, 410 (13.64) Schull, C.G., 484 (16.85),538,544,545

(18.5) Schultz, M., 95 (3.224) Schultz, N.F., 438 (15.65) Schumann, R., 299 (10.12), 303 (10.70),

140 (4.61) Schutt, G.A., 117 (4.59) Schuster, R., 410 (13.66) Schwartz, H.P., 119 (4.27) Schwartz, M.H., 95 (3.231) Schwenk, W., 614 (20.110) Scott, C.C., 90 (3.194) Scott, K. J., 34 (1.22), 123 (4.77),239 (7.80),

306 (10.59) Scullion, H.J., 207 (6.124) Seaney, R.J., 65 (3.4), 397 (13.62) Seaver, M., 87 (3.253),420 (14.62) Seborg, e.O., 495 (16.58, 16.61) Sehmel, G., 37 (2.9) Seibert, E.E., 167 (5.7) Seibie, F.E., 382 (12.39) Seide, H., 123 (4.73) Selden, M.G., 55 (2.41) Sellen, D.B., 414 (14.3) Sellevold, E.J., 546 (18.61) Sem, G.J., 81 (3.264),86 (3.179) Serpinsky, V.V., 481, 482 (16.121), 546,

559 (8.19) Sessions, R.F., 495 (16.56) Seydel, K.J., 356 (12.57) Shah, M.A., 65 (3.7) Shaheen, E.I., 616 (20.117) Shami, E.G., 585 (20.13) Shapiro, J.l., 566, 568 (19.9) Sharpe, J.H., 240, 242 (7.55) Shchurov, A.F., 419 (14.59) Shebl, F.A., 561 (18.58) Shelef, M., 482 (16.115) Shergold, F.A., 179 (5.34) Sherwood, R.J., 73 (3.89) Shimoyama, T., 414 (14.3) Shirai, T., 590 (20.126)

670 Author index

Shram, A., 482 (16.123) Shrenk, H.H., 71 (3.57) Shrunk, D.H., 585 (20.17) Siano, D.B., 244 (7.78) Siemiensiewska, T., 483 (16.144) Silva, A.P.D., 523-525 (17.54),525 (17.70,

17.71,17.93) Silva, S.R. de., 343 (11.37) Silverman, B.A., 427 (14.74, 14.78) Simecek, J., 400 (13.94) Simha, R., 523 (17.49) Simmons, F.A., 495 (16.58) Sims, E., 595 (20.52) Sinclair, D., 94 (3.199),421,424 (14.15) Sinclair, I., 372 (12.78),400 (13.14), 592

(2Q.48, 20.50) Sing, K.S.W., 473 (16.100),478,481 (16.109),

484 (16.150), 487 06.137), 489 (16.156),490 (16.175), 49106.141), 529 (17.65),538,539,540 (18.1),544 (18.28),54608.25-29),54708.29), 558,560 (18.48)

Singleton, J.H., 478, 489 (16.154) Sipe, J.J., 568 (19.39) Sips, R., 468 (16.104, 16.105),534 (17.75) Sisson, K., 107 (4.79) Sivelly, E., 596 (20.53) Skalny, J., 548, 550 (18.22),479 (16.110) Skidmore, J.W., 194, 195 (6.64) Skold, R., 545 (18.9),579 (19.45) Skrebowski, J.N., 284 (9.28) Slack, G.W., 241 (7.44) Slater, c., 366 (12.33) Sloan, C.K., 521 (17.41) Small, H., 348 (11.40, 11.41, 11.43) Smith, C.M., 442 (15.17) Smith, D.S.G., 65 (3.11) Smith, D.S.L.E., 74 (3.94) Smith, F.R., 585 (20.22) Smith, G.W., 68, 71 (3.32) Smith, H.A., 517,524 (13.37), 520, 524

(17.36, 17.37) Smith, T.D., 481 (16.29) Smythe, W.R., 399 (13.46, 13.47) Sneck, T., 579 (19.34) Snowsill, W.J., 60 (2.65, 2.67) Soderholm, S., 95 (3.283) Soelberg, D., 400 (13.33) Soki, N.T., 415 (14.58) Sokolov, V.I., 362 (12.92) Sole, 1.,348 (11.43) Soloman, W.R., 74 (3.100) Sonkin, L.S., 69 (3.244) Soole, B.W., 71 (3.56) Soper, A.K., 315 (10.42) Sosfenor, N.l., 419 (14.55) Souter, P., 240 (7.57) Spaite, R.A., 343 01.36)

Speiser, R., 94 (3.200) Spencer, D.H.T., 259 (8.20, 8.21) Spencer, D.M.T., 566 (19.20) Spencer, 1., 576 (19.35) Spenser, D.J.M., 566, 568 (19.22) Spiel, S.J., 359 (12.16) Spielman, L., 396,406 (13.40) Spooner, P., 474 (16.178) Stairmond, C.J., 41, 44, 46, 50 (2.4), 184

(5.60), 300, 310 (10.13),332,334, 335, 337 01.3), 339 (11.1)

Stallhofen, W., 425 (14.88) Stamm, A.J., 495 (16.61, 16.64), 314 (10.37) Stange, K., 2 (1.2) Stanley, N., 83 (3.163) Stanley-Wood, N.G., 457 (15.47, 15.50, 15.61),

460 (15.61,15.62),510 (16.170),581 (19.58),604 (20.74),617 (20.120, 20.121)

Stark, H., 606 (20.85) States, M.N., 269 (9.1) Statham, B.R., 357,359 (12.53) Steier, K., 614 (20.110) Stein, F., 117 (4.68) 259 (8.30), 343 (11.38),

345 (11.47,11.49) Steinheitz, A.R., 192 (6.17) Steinour, H. H., 238 (7.27) Stephenson, J., 71 (3.258) Stevens, D.C., 71 (3.258, 3.259) Stevens, R.K., 72 (3.72) Stiedley, K.D., 399 (13.45) Stober, W., 76, 77 (3.118, 3.121, 3.125,

3.126) Stockdale, S.W., 179 (5.36) Stoekli, H.F., 484 06.163) Stoisists, R.F., 348 (11.42) Stokes, Sir. G.G., 217 (7.35) Stork, Brabant, B.V., 167 (5.6) Stowe, R.A., 567 (19.51) Strackee, J., 40303.82) Strauss, W., 83 (3.157) Stromberg, R.R., 566 (19.13) Stull, V.R., 426 (14.61) Stutzer, M., 209 (6.88) Suganuma, G., 396 (13.71) Suhm, H.O., 172 (5.28) Suito, E., 291 (9.19), 303,30600.25) Sullivan, R.R., 435 (15.31) Sullivan, W.F., 359 02.17) Sullivan, W.G., 303 (10.24) Svarovska, J., 371 (12.72-74),372 (12.73) Svarovsky, L., 57 (2.44), 161 (4.56),285

(9.44-46),37102.72-74),371 (12.51), 372 02.49),372 02.73),377 02.79), 595,598 (20.60), 614 (20.110)

Svata, M., 56709.52,19.54),566 (19.17, 19.18)

Svedberg, T., 302 00.20), 384 02.42, 12.43)

Svensson, J., 140 (4.65) Swallow, D., 489 (16.156) Swartz, G.A., 79 (3.157) Swithenbank, J., 91 (3.268),607 (20.91) Szalboles, G., 44 (2.25) Szalkowski, F.I., 196 (6.123) Szeitering, P., 579 (19.32)

Tait, G.W.C., 73, 96 (3.137) Takahashi, K., 421 04.34) Talbot, J.H., 425 (14.42-49),589 (20.37) Tamamura, S., 414, 415 (14.5) Tanaka, T.S., 585 (20.21),606,615 (20.92,

20.93),611 (20.108) Tang, LN., 90 (3.197) Tarjan, G., 140 (4.66) Tasaka, A., 396 (13.71) Tate, C.H., 585, 588 (20.16), 596 (20.57) Taylor, H.S., 468 (16.102) Taylor, J.A.G., 529 (17.98) Taylor, N.J., 196 (6.69) Taylor, W.K., 207 (6.39) Teller, E., 468, 470 (16.9) Thayer; K.B., 50 (2.37) Thiemer, R., 183 (5.57) Thorn, R. von, 402, 406 (13.25),406 (13.26,

13.69) Thomas, J.W., 71 (3.71) Thomas, M.D., 95 (3.220, 3.221), 270 (9.50) Thomas, R.E., 70 (3.45) Thompson, B.J., 96 (3.233),427 (14.71-75,

14.78,14.80),492 (16.44) Thomson, G.M., 402 (13.19) Thornton, M.J., 394,404 (13.30) Thron, R.W., 36 (2.73) Thudium, J., 259 (8.22) Tietjen, T.A., 209 (6.127) Tillern, M.L, 76 (3.122) Timbrell, V., 76 (3.123), 190, 195,201,204,

207 (6.22,6.23,6.74-76) Timmel, B.M., 585 (20.17) Timofeev, D.P., 495 (16.59) Tipton, D.F., 60 (2.69) Toda, Y.,482 (16.117) Todd, W.F., 343 (11.36) Tolia, A.H., 525 (17.92) Tomb, T.F., 392 (13.90, 13.92) Tomkieff, S.L., 192 (6.14) Tomlinson, L., 493 (16.48) Tonder, I.e. van, 305 (10.60) Toothill, J.P.R., 444, 445 (15.39) Topham, J.D., 303, 305 (10.76) Tough, D., 359 (12.12, 12.13) Toynbee, P.A., 44 (2.31) Toyoshima, Y., 359 (12.67) Tracey, V.A., 107 (4.80) Train, D., 36 (2.1)

Author index 671

Trang, N.L., 606 (20.84) Traube, I., 518 (17.21) Trautner, R.P., 86 (3.178) Travis, P.M., 298 00.4) Treasure, C.R.G., 123 (4.72), 352 (12.34),

385 (12.14),583 (20.5) Treweek, G.P., 400 (13.34) Trivedi, A.S., 523-525 (17.54), 524 (17.73),

525 (17.71, 17.93) Trolinger, J.D., 96 (3.235) Truog, E., 317 00.48) Trussel, B.R., 596 (20.57) Tshudi, T., 427 (14.79) Tsubaki, J., 105, 118 (4.1,4.25,4.26) Tsunuda, R., 561 (18.66) Tucker, B.G., 501 06.147) Tuma, J., 87 (3.251),425 04.63) Turco, S., 596 (20.53) Turner, A., 474 (16.178),476 (16.1) Turner, G.A., 197 (6.107) Turner, H.E., 94 (3.254) Turner, T.D., 201 (6.96) Tuul, J., 535 (17.95) Twiss, S.B., 472 (16.22) Tye, F.L., 310 (10.58) Tyler, G.A., 428 (14.86)

Uehara, Y., 262 (8.50) Uhlherr, P.H.T., 242 (7.48),242,243 (7.63) Ulevith, LN., 52007.39) Unger, K., 566 (19.49) Urick, R.J., 598, 600 (20.61) Urwin, D., 486 (16.150) Usui, K., 440 (15.20)

Valley, R.B., 400 (13.49) VaH, G., 394 (13.67) Vance, R.F., 492 (16.42) Vanderhoff, J.W., 262 (8.56), 348 (11.42) Van der Hul, H.J., 524 (17.56) Vandrey, E., 57 (2.47) Vate, van de J.H., 77 (3.130) Vaughan, G.N., 366 (12.56) Vendi, M., 361, 385 (12.25) Venkateswarlu, D., 111 (4.19) Vesolov, V.V., 522 (17.111) Vetter, Q.F., 107 (4.79) Vick, F.A., 207 (6.37) Vitols, V., 57 (2.42) Vnukov, S.P., 460 (14.66) VoegtJin, C., 70 (3.42) Voelker, W.H., 403 (13.89) Void, M.J., 517 (17.6) Volmer, M., 468 (16.5) Voloshehuk, V.M., 57 (2.46) Vomela, R.A., 88,94 (3.205) Vouk, V., 280 (9.32), 417 (14.39) Vucelic, D.R., 525 (17.102) Vuuren, E.J.J., 583 (20.1)

672 Author index

Wade, R., 118 (4.26) Wade, W.H., 477 (16.107),529 (17.99) Wadell, H., 110 (4.5-8) Wadley, M.W., 74 (3.269) Wahl, W., 166, 167 (5.5) Waldman, L., 83 (3.156) Wales, M., 403 (13.17),402 (13.96) Walkenhorst, W., 83 (3.166) Walker, D.O., 66 (3.17) Walker, P.L., 482 (16.115),123 (4.75) Wallace, 1.R., 66 (3.15) Wallace, T.P., 384 (12.93), 426 (14.35,

14.36) Walls, 1.M., 427 (14.76) Walstra, P., 403 (13.85, 13.97),424 (14.20) Walter, E., 38 (2.17),44 (2.24), 158, 162

(3.74) Walther, H., 461 (15.25) Walton, C.W., 65 (3.10),73 (3.91), 76 (3.114),

83 (3.159,3.160),84 (3.172), 248 (8.5) Walton, W.H., 192, 193, 198 (6.20), 207

(6.36),194,195 (6.50), 193 (6.118) Wana, D., 584, 596 (20.7) Ward, A.F.H., 517 (17.11) Ward, 1.H., 96 (3.233) Ward, W., 427 (14.74) Warren, H., 68 (3.33) Warren, M., 583 (20.5) Wasan, D.T., 436 (15.57, 15.58) Washburn, E.D., 248 (8.2) Washburn, E.R., 492 (16.44) Washburn, E.W., 565, 566 (19.2) Wasser, R.W., 44 (2.32) Watabe, A., 429 (14.89) Watanabe, S., 224 (7.37) Waterston, R.M., 428 (14.56) Watson, A., 566 (19.14) Watson, H.H., 38 (2.15),59 (2.53),72,83

(3.74,3.162),198,201 (6.26,6.29, 6.34)

Watson, I.A., 84 (3.171, 3.176) Webber, C.B., 601 (20.63) Weber, A., 305 (10.79) Weber, M., 179 (5.38) Weedon, C.l., 482 (16.120) Weels, A.C., 77 (3.129) Wegman, 1., 523 (17.87) Weigner, G., 314 (10.36) Weilbacher, M., 339 (11.14), 343 (11.23) Weinberger, E.B., 473,476 (16.106) Weinmann, R., 91 (3.290) Weiss, E.L., 606 (20.88) Weissberger, A., 519 (17.26) Welford, G.A., 188 (6.73) Wentworth, C.K., 26 (1.9) Werner, D., 298 (10.4) Werthheimer, A.L., 606 (20.125) Wesley, R.K.A., 400 (13.59)

Wessel, 1., 325 (11.20) West, G.S., 568 (20.23,20.25) West, H.W.H., 366 (12.56) West, R.C., 250 (8.49) Wharton, R.A., 31 (1.15),251,259 (8.17) Wheeler, A., 538, 544, 545, 551 (18.4) Whitby, K.T., 71 (3.67),72 (3.79-81, 3.271,

3.272),74 (3.272), 81 (3.212, 3.263), 82 (3.213, 3.286), 181,182 (5.48), 298 (10.6,10.7),301 (10.6),355 (12.3-5)

White, E.T., 118 (4.71) White, E.W., 197 (6.108) White, P.A.F., 68 (3.25) Whitehead, R.C., 500 (16.77) Whiteley, A.B., 44 (2.28) Whiten, N.l., 611 (20.100) Whitmore, R.L., 237 (7.24),239 (7.59) Whittemore, 0.1., Jr, 568 (19.39) Wieland, W., 616 (20.113) Wiffin, R.D., 66 (3.19), 77 (3.129) Wiggins, E.J., 461 (15.26) Wiig, E.O., 568 (19.28) Wilcock, W.L., 606 (20.125) Wilcox, 1.0., 70 (3.46) Wilgers, W.L., 26 (1.9) Wilkie, C.R., 79 (3.153) Willard, R.1., 197 (6.106) Williams, A.P., 517 (17.5) Williams, D.J., 195 (6.61) Williams, G., 209 (6.87) Williams, R.C., 194, 195 (6.60,6.63) Williams, S.R., 72 (3.76) Wilson, LB., 421 (14.16) Wilson, 1.N., 403 (13.17),402 (13.96) Wilson, R., 490 (16.160), 184 (5.64),550

(18.55) Wims, A.M., 414 (14.40, 14.41) Winder, P., 73 (3.92) Winslow, D.N., 419 (14.57) Wmslow, N.M., 566, 568 (19.5),569 (19.41) Wintle, M.F., 495 (16.72) Wise, M.E., 123 (4.74) Withrow, 1.R., 315 (10.40) Withstanley, V.D., 91, 94 (3.202) Wnek, W.J., 377 (12.88) Wolber, W.G., 60 (2.56) Wolfe, E.A., 36 (2.7) Wong, J.B., 70 (3.40) Wood, D.H., 209 (6.127) Wood, R.J., 357 (12.81-83) Wood, W.M., 263 (8.53), 396 (13.37) Woodridge, W.D.S., 248 (8.3) Woodruff, S.A., 495 (16.64) Woolf, A.R., 262 (8.54) Wooten, L.A., 489, 493 (16.34) Wozniak, K., 312 (10.75) Wright, B.M., 68,74,84 (3.31, 3.247),

84 (3.170,3.247)

Wright, c.e., 123 (4.75) Wright, E.H.M., 517 (17.7, 17.8),520 (17.38) Wu Jin, 590 (20.40) Wussow, S., 410 (13.66) Wyatt, P.I., 426 (14.54) Wyatt-Sargent, J.L., 224 (7.37),241 (7.41),

242 (7.51) Wyckoff, R.W.G., 195 (6.63)

Yaffe, e.D., 68 (3.24) Yalabik, H.S., 357 (12.84-86) Yang, R.T., 72 (3.77) Yarde, H.R., 408 (13.75) Yen, e.M., 501 (16.177) York, P., 256 (8.36) Yoshida, H., 72 (3.274, 3.275) Yoshikawa, H.H., 79 (3.144) Young, B.W., 357 (12.52) Young, D.M., 468, 471, 472, 479, 481, 489,

493 (16.13) Young, G.I., 529 (17.97) Young, I., 207, 208 (6.40, 6.44)

Author index 673

Young, R.W., 585 (20.15),596 (20.56) Yue, G.K., 91 (3.281) Yule, A.J., 428 (14.81)

Zabransky, Z., 566 (19.18),567 (19.52) Zackariah, K., 197 (6.107) Zaharia, N., 256 (8.35) Zaki, W.N., 237 (7.25), 239 (7.79) Zalderns, N.G., 174 (5.25) Zang, D., 402 (13.87) Zbuzek, B., 195 (6.131),526 (17.100) Zelwer, A., 606 (20.83) Zenock, U., 76 (3.118) Zettlemoyer, A.C., 529 (17.97) Zeuker, P., 57 (2.48) Zhulanov, Yu. V., 96 (3.284) Zinky, W.R., 116 (2.233),427 (14.80) Zufall, J.H., 421 (14.17) Zvezdov, A., 581 (19.59) Zwicker, J.D., 167 (5.8), 356 (12.87),490

(16.158)

Subject index

The numbers shown in bold indicate that a section about the subject follows that page.

Absolute light scattering photometer, 425, 426

Acacut, 345, 346 A.C. Fine Test Dust, 586 Acoustical counter, Langer, 592, 593 Acoustical energy, 60

counter, 61 Adhesion, work of, 247 Adsorbates, 489, 490 Adsorption from solution, 516

n-alkanes, 529 amyl acetate, 529 dyes, 523, 524 electrolytes, 524 fatty acids, 518, 520, 522 heat, 529 p-nitrophenol, 524 non-electrolytes, 522 oxygen, 561 polymers, 523 potassium myristate, 526 sodium dodecyl sulphate, 526 water, 529, 561

Aerosol analyser electrostatic, 80 electrical, 81

Aerosol disc centrifuge, 96 Aerosol monitor, /3-absorption impactor, 95 Aerosoloscope, 86 Aerosol photometer

Sinclair, 94 Sartorius, 94

Aerosol spectrometer Goetz, 76 Heming, 75 Knollenberg,91 time of flight, 95

Aggregation, 169 Airborne bacteria sampler, 96 Airborne particle monitor, Dynac, 93 Air monitor

Eberline, 95 radioactive, 95

Air spectrometer, laser, 77,78 Air Technology forward scattering

photometer, 93 Aitkin Nucleus Counters, 68 Alpha·mec, 510 Alpha-beta proportional counters, 61 Alpha-s method, 547, 548 Alpine, 169 Alpine air jet sieve, 174, 175 Alpine microplex spiral air classifier, 347 Alpine multiplex zig·zag classifier, 341, 342 Alstan diffusion apparatus, 460 Ameda, 209 Analysette e1utriator, 340

centrifugal elutriator, 344, 345 Andersen sampler 50, 52-54

multistage impactor, 74, 75 Anderson's equation, 478 Andreasen, elutriator, 337

analysis, 224 Andrews elutriator 340, 333 Anenometer, hot wire, 95 Anisokinetic sampling, 54 Asbestos, 65, 584 Aspect factor, 435 Auger process, 196 Autometrics P.S.M. system, 251, 598

sampling, 17

Bahco classifier, 117,343-45 Bailey smoke/density transmitter, 60 Balances, sedimentation, 301 Bausch and Lomb dust counter, 72, 88,197 Bausch and Lomb QMS automatic microscope,

209 B.C.I.R.A. dust sampler, 74 B.C.U.R.A. centrifugal elutriator, 344 B.C.U.R.A. sedimentation column, 311-13,

318 B.C.U.R.A. sampling trains, 50 Beckman pyknometer,S 34 Bendix, d.c. precipitator, 80 B.E.T. theory, 468

B.E.T. n-layer equation, 472 Beta absorption impactor aerosol monitor, 95 Beta back-scattering method, 317, 318 Beta ray attenuation, 61 Bird and Tate high flowrate sampler, 71 B.I.S.R.A. sampling train, 50 Blaine method, 440, 445, 446 Blythe elutriator, 337 Boltzman's constant, 466 Bostock torsion balance, 303-05, 318, 319 Bound Brook photosedimentometer, 281, 282 Brice-Phoenix light scattering photometer,

94,425 British Rema classifier, 347 Brownian motion, 223 Buckbee Mears, 167, 172 Burt's suspension sampler, 32, 33

C.A.E.S. battery driven counter, 91 Cahn microbalance, 241, 308, 318 Calibration materials, 586 Calorimetry

static, 529 flow, 530

Carbon films, 194 Carlo Erba

mercury porosimeter, 566, 581 Sorptomatic, 508

Carl Zeiss, 182 Cascade impactors, 50, 51

Brink, 72 Bucholtz, 71 Casella, 71, 315 liquid multistage, 73 Lundgren, 73, 74 May, 69, 90 Unico,71 virtual, 72

Casella counter, 208 Casella settlement dust counter, 68 Casella and company (samplers), 84 Cauchy, 118 C.E.G.B. dust sampling train, 50 C.E.G.R.I.T. dust sampling train, 44, 45 Celloscope, 101,209,402 Celsco,86 Centre for Air Environmental Studies

battery-driven portable dust counter, 91

Centrifugal analysis, 224 Centripeter, cascade, 73 Chatfield particle size comparitor, 203 Chute splitter, 22, 24, 25, 34 Cilas Granulometer, 606 Classification devices for on line p. s.a., 607 Clean Air Act (1956), 64 Oimet particle counters, 90, 587 Cohesion, work of, 247

Subject index 675

Comparison between particle sizing techniques, 596 pore sizing methods, 579

concentration effects, 235 Core and quartering, 21, 24, 31, 34 Conicycle,74 Conifuge,76 Continuous floro gas adsorption methods, 496 Contamination limit test, 583 Coulter

contamination counter, 92 Counter, 211,244,251,584,586, 392 Nanosizer,429 on-line monitor, 593, 594, 596 Shearicon, 209, 211

Courier 300, 604 Cross-correlation techniques, 60 Cunninghams correction, 70, 228 Cyclones, 44, 46, 47, 50 Cyclosizer Warmain's 341, 342

Day isokinetic dust sampler, 51 Decanting, 315-17 Degassing, 291 Del Electronics, 80 Differential light scattering photometer, 426 Diffraction, far field, 425 Diffusion battery, 51, 95 Digiplan, 203 Digital dust indicator, 93, 51 D.I.S.A., Talbot, 425 Dispersing solutions, 251 Dispersion of particle sizes, 129 Dissymmetry methods, 414, 417 Dissolution rate method of p.s.a., 526 Divers, 291 Donaldson classifier, 345, 346 Double cone air separator, 347 Drag coefficient, 216, 234 D-R equation, 560, 561, 481 Dubinin-Astakhov equation, 483 Dubinin-Kaganer equation, 483 Dust difficulty determinator, 51 Dust indicator, digital, 51, 93 Dynac airborne particle monitor, 93

Eberline air monitor, 95 Echo measurement, 592 Edison visability monitor, 60 Edwards sampler, 75 E.E.L. photosedimentometer, 280-83 Electrical aerosol analyser, 81 Electrobalance,61 Electrolyte adsorption, 524 Electrostatic aerosol analyser, 80 Electroviscosity, 243 Elongation ratio, 109

676 Subject index

El utria tors Andrews, 334 Blythe, Hexlet,73-74 Schone, Werner, Andreasen, 337 various, 31, 108

Elzone,411 Endicotts, 167, 169 Energy, surface, 527 Entropy, surface, 527 Environmental Protection Agency, 64, 67 Epiquiant, 209 Erdco counter, (Langer), 593 Everclean windows, 60 Extinction coefficient, 60,422

Fatty acid adsorption, 518, 520 Federal Coal Mines Health and Safety Act

(1969),66 Felvation, 176, 177 Feret diameter, 191, 192,201,205 Ficklin thermal precipitator, 86 Field scanning, 596 Filters, various, 46, 48, 50 Fisher sub-sieve sizer, 443-45 Flakiness, 109 Fleming Instruments, 207 Fluorescence, 604 Fook sample splitter, 28, 30 Fourier transforms, 119 Fra ctals, 119 Fraunhofer diffraction, 91 Frenkel-Halsey-Hill equation, 481 Freundlich equation, 468 Frieseke and Hoepfner type dust monitor, 79 Friction factor, 234

Gallenkamp sedimentation balance, 303-05, 318, 319

Gallie- Porritt apparatus, 173 Gamma radiation, 60, 68 Gardner, 80 Gardner small particle detector, 93 Gas chromatography, 95 Gates-Gaudin-Schuman distribution, 140 Gaudin-Meloy distribution, 140 Gaudin-Schuman distribution, 596, 597 G.E.e. condensation nuclear counter, 93 Geco sampler, 7, 8 Geiger-Muller counters, 61 Gelman stack monitor, 61 Goetz aerosol spectrometer, 76 Gonell clutriator, 355, 358, 359 Grade efficiency, 325 Granulometer, Cilas, 606 Granumeter, 308, 309 Graticules, 198 Gravicon,78

Gravimat, 509 Griffin and George sampler, 24 Griffin surface area of powder apparatus, 447

Hamilton long period dust sampler, 84 Hand sieving, 173 Harkins and Jura relative method, 479, 480 Heat of adsorption, immersion, 526 Heming aerosol spectrometer, 75 Heming air pollution monitors, 78 Henry's Law, 468 Hexlet elutriator, 73, 74 Hiac, 91, 92, 94, 584-86 High order Tyndal Spectra, 77,423,424 Hindered settling, 240, 462, 463 Hirst spore trap, 45 Holography, 426, 427 Holographic particle size analysis, 96 Holoscan, Optronics, 96 Huttig equation, 479 Hydrocyclones,610 Hydrodynamic chromatographY, 347, 348 Hydrometers, 216, 289, 291 Hysteresis, 541

Immersion, energy of, 247 Imperial Chemical Industries (I.C.I.), 50 1.e.1. full stream trough sampler, 9 I.e.1. oscillating paddle sampler, 26 I.C.I. sedimentation column, 310, 313, 318 Impingement, 49, 50 Isokinetic sampler, 37, 38,55,59

Day, 51

Joyce-Loebl disc centrifuge, 357-59, 385

Kelvin equation, 538 Kiselev's equation, 487 K.L.D. associates, 95 Knollenberg aerosol spectrometer, 91 Knudsen flow permeameter, 460 Koch islands, 120, 121 Konimeter, 70 Konisampler thermal precipitator, 86 Kratel Partoscope, 90 Krypton adsorption, 493

Ladal wide angle scanning photosedimentcmeter, 280,282,283,291,293

Ladal pipette centrifuge, 377, 381, 385 Ladal X-ray centrifuge, 372-77,385,388,389 Ladal X-ray sedimentometer, 284, 285 Langer acoustical counter, 592, 593 Langmuir isotherm, 466, 469 Langmuir trough, 520 Lark particle counter, 204 Laser air spectrometer

LASS, 77 LASI,87

Laser diffraction, 606 Leeds and Northrup Microtrac, 606 Leeds and Northrup, Smoke Monitor, 60 Lee and Nurse Permeameter, 441, 442 Leitz Classimat, 209 Leitz Tyndalloscope, 94 Le Mont Scientific, 196 Light scattering, 51 Log-normal distribution, 135 LTV monitor, 60

Malies Instruments, 204 Manometric methods, 314 M.A.P.-I.B.,61 Marshall centrifuge, 354 Martin's diameter, 191, 192,201,205 Mean free path, 222, 449 Mercury, contact angle and surface tension, 568 Metals Research particle size analyser, 208 Microbalance, Thermo Systems, quartz, 86 Micro calorimetry, 530 Micromeretics

classifier, 347 mercury porosimeter, 566, 570, 571, 579

Micromerograph,308-10 Micromesh sieves, 167, 172 Micropores

The M.P. method 558 modelless method 547

Microscopy, 32 automatic on-line, 595, 596

Microsizers, 207 Microtrac, Leeds and Northrup, 606, 607 Mi1lipore, 7TMC, 209

filters, 78 Mintex R.S.M. slurry sizer, 602 Molecules

area, 516 orientation at interfaces, 516 polarity, 517,518

M.S.A., 81, 83, 298, 354, 355 Mullard film scanning particle size analyser,

208

Nautamix, Hosokawa, 340 p-nitrophenol adsorption, 525 Nuclear Chicago P.M. System, 402

Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 67

Omnicon Pattern Analyser, 209 On-line sampling, 51, 52 Opacimeters, 60 Optomax, 209 Optronics Holoscan, 96 Owens jet counter, 72

Pagoda sampler, 75

Subject index 677

Particle measurement systems, 91 Particle size, 191 Partoscope, Kra tel, 90 Pascal Inclyno, 171 Pascal rotary sample divider, 27,28 Perkin-Elmer Shell sorptometer, 501 Permeametry, automatic, 615, 616 Phi scale, 204 Photo-acoustic spectroscopy, 428 Photo centrifuge, 352-54, 356, 357 Photo-micronsizer, 357 Photosedimentation, 216, 276

Bound Brook, 281, 282 EEL, 280-83, 291-93 Ladal, 280, 282, 283, 291, 293 Wagner, 280

Photo-thermal-spectroscopy, 428 Andreasen, 224, 270, 271 depth,272 fixed Leschonski, 274, 275 side arm, 273

Pitot-static tubes, 38, 51 Plutonium dust sampler, 96 Pneumoconiosis, 65 . Polarization, state of, 420, 421 Polymer adsorption, 523 Pore size distribution by gas adsorption, 538 Porosimetry, mercury, 564 Porticon, 78 Porton graticule, 69 Potassium myristate adsorption, 526 Pressure drop-in nozzles, 616 Pressure on walls of tubes, 315 Procedyne particle size analyser, 588, 589 Projected area diameter, 192 Prototron Counter, 587, 596 Public Health Act (1936),36

Quantimet image analyses, 68,112,120,208, 209

Quantachrome scanning mercury porosimeter, 566

Quantachrome gas adsorption apparatus, 501

R.A.C. automatic stack sampler, 61 condensation nuclear counter, 93 reflective monitor, 92

Radiation method of sampling, 60 Radioactive air monitor, 95 Rank Cintel, 208 Rayleigh-Gans scattering, 419, 420 Rayleigh interferometer, 520, 521 Rayleigh light scattering, 418 Relaxation time, 66 Replica and shadowing technique, 195 Resolution for incremental methods, 269

678 Subject index

Resolution, microscope, 188 Respirable dust, 65 Reynolds and Branson auto permeanoter, 447 Reynolds Number, 103, 215,436 Roller elutriator, 339 Rosin-Rammler distribution, 139,435 Rotheroe and Mitchell dust counter, 91 Rotorod,75 Royco counter, 94, 95, 584, 596 Royco airborne dust counter, 88, 89 Royco liquid-borne monitors, 587

Saab photometer, 92 Sample preparation, microscope, 188 Sampling, 7 Sartorius aerosol photometer, 94 Sartorius sedimentation balance, 241, 303, 305 Sartorius spectral nuclear counter, 93 Sartorius Konimeter, 72 Scanning electron microscope, 196 Schone elutriator, 337 Scoop sampling, 20, 22, 24 Screening, the Cyclosensor, 611 Seishin photo micro sizer, 282, 357 SEROP (self checking smoke monitor), 60 Shape, 107 Shape coefficient, 107, 108, 112-114

factors, 110, 113, 145 indices, 118

Sharples supercentrifuge, 383, 384 Shearicon, Coulter, 209, 211 Shimadzu balance, 301 Sieving

air jet, 174, 175 automatic, 612 Buckbee Mears, Endecotts, Veco, 167,

169 errors, 178, 179 hand, 173 micromesh, 167, 172 sampling, 31 wet, 172, 173

Silver deposition for surface area determination, 524

Simcar centrifuge, 365, 366, 385-88 Simguard dust sampler, 74 Simped,74 Sinclair- Phoenix forward scattering

photometer, 93 aerosol photometer, 94, 425

Slurry sampling, 17 -19 Slurry size, 425 Sodium dodecyl sulphate for surface area

determination, 526 Sonic sifter, Allen- Bradley, 175, 176 Spatial period spectrometer, Talbot, 425

Specific gravity balance, 291 Specific surface, 192 Specimen preparation, microscope, 193-Spinning riffler, 22, 26, 27,31,33, 34 Spiral centrifuge, Stober, 76, 77 Stak sampler, 51 Static noise measurement, 598 Stearic acid adsorption, 517 Stokes diameter, 103,351 Stream scanning, 583 Strohline Areameter, 509 Suspension sampling, 31

Burt's, 32,33 Supercentrifuge, 382, 383

Technord, 357 Telefunken particle detector, 406 Tortuousity, 436 Turbidity measurement, 421

illtracentrifuge, 384 illtrasonic attenuation measurement, 598 illtrasonic on-stream counter, 592 illtrasonic sieve cleaning, 169, 172 Unico respirable dust sampler, 74

VA - t curve, 555, 561, 484 V.E.B. Zeiss lena, 209 Veco, 167, 169 Vickers image-splitting eyepiece, 205 Viscosity of slurrys, effect of particle size, 616

Wadell's shape factor, 110,111,118 Wagner photosedimentometer, 280 Walther classifier, 347 Warmain cyclosizer, 341, 342, 343 Washburn equation, 565 W.A.S.P. photosedimentometer, 280, 282,

283,291,293 Water adsorption, 561 Watson image-splitting eyepiece, 205 Wet sieving, 172, 173

X-ray attenuation, 604 X-ray centrifuge, 372-77, 385, 388, 389 X-ray fluoresence, 604, 605 X-ray sedimentometer, 283,294,295

Yaw, angle of, 59

Zeiss-Endter particle size analyser, 118, 201, 202

Zeiss microvideomat, 209 Zeta potential, 244 Zig-zag classifier, 341, 342,347

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