procedura relativa alla qualifica e certificazione del

PROCEDURA RELATIVA ALLA QUALIFICA E CERTIFICAZIONE DELPERSONALE ADDETTO ALLE PROVE NON DISTRUTTIVE

WRITTEN PRACTICE FOR PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION AND CERTIFICATION IN NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING

N. 5/2012

REV.

DATA DESCRIZIONE EMESSO DA VERIFICATO APPROVATO

0 10/07/12 Procedura per controlli non distruttivi secondo SNT TC 1A.

ing. Bruno ZilliControlli Non Distruttivie Forn. Tecniche PerControlli Non DistruttiviSede fiscale: v. DeiCoralli 38/66 33053Latisana (UD)Sede operat.: v. G.Mazzini 5/5 33030Campoformido (UD)P.IVA: 02815760307 -C.F.: ZLL BRN 66S 22L483Fe.mail: [email protected]:+39.342.0381664

http://controllinondistru

ttivi.altervista.org/

ing. Bruno Zilli - Controlli Non Distruttivi e Forn. Tecniche Per Controlli Non Distruttivi

Sede fiscale: v. Dei Coralli 38/66 33053 Latisana (UD) - Sede operat.: v. G. Mazzini 5/5 33030

Campoformido (UD) - P.IVA: 02815760307 - C.F.: ZLL BRN 66S 22L 483F

e.mail: [email protected]:+39.342.0381664-

http://controllinondistruttivi.altervista.org/




mailto:[email protected]



INDICE List of contents

Par.Par.

TitoloTitle

1 GeneraleGeneral

2 DefinizioniTerms and definitions

3 Livelli di qualificaQualification’s levels

4 Istruzione, addestramento ed esperienze richiesti per la qualificaEducation, training and experience requirements for qualification

5 AddestramentoTraining

6 Esami per i livelli I° e II°Level I° and II° examinations

7 Esami per il livello III°Level III° examination

8 ValutazioneGrading

9 RiesameRe-examination

10 CertificazioneCertification

11 RicertificazioneRe- certification

12 ScadenzaTerminationAllegato 1:Requisiti di addestramento ed esperienzaAnnex 1: Necessary training and experienceAllegato 2: Programma di addestramento: Metodo magnetoscopicoAnnex 2: Training program . Magnetic TestingAllegato 3: Programma di addestramento: Metodo con liquidi penetrantiAnnex 3: Training program – Dye penetrant TestAllegato 4: Programma di addestramento: Metodo ultrasonoroAnnex 4: Training program: Ultrasonic TestingAllegato 5: Programma di addestramento: Metodo VisivoAnnex 5: Training program: Visual TestingAllegato 6: Programma di addestramento: Metodo RadiograficoAnnex 6: Training program: Radiographic Testing Testing








1. - Generalità

La presente procedura descrive le modalitàspecifiche per la selezione,l’addestramento, la qualifica e lacertificazione del personale addetto alleprove non distruttive. Essa è basata sullaRecommended practice SNT-TC 1Aedizione corrente e su quanto descritto nelManuale di Qualità per la qualifica e lacertificazione del personale in accordo allanorma UNI EN 473 e.c.La presente procedura si applica aiseguenti metodi non distruttivi:

MAGNETOSCOPICO (MT) LIQUIDI PENETRANTI (PT) ULTRASUONI (UT) RADIOGRAFICO (RT) VISIVO (VT)

- Documenti di riferimento

SNT TC 1A – Recommended practice forpersonnel qualification andcertification of personnel fornondestructive testing. Edizionecorrente. (corrente edizione)

2. - Termini e definizioni

I termini indicati nel presente documentosono definiti come segue:

Selezione: quando scegliendo un candidatoci si accerta che soddisfi le caratteristicheminime richieste(es. esame della capacità visiva,preparazione scolastica…..)Addestramento: programma sviluppato perfornire al candidato le conoscenze ecapacità teoriche-pratiche necessarie perl’esecuzione del controllo e della relativaqualifica.

1. - General

This procedure, which is based onrecommended practice of SNT-TC-1Acurrent edition and Quality Manual,describes the specific requirements for theselection, training, qualification andcertification of nondestructive personnel.The qualification and certification ofnondestructive personnel according toEuropean Rules, will be carried outconforming to EN 473 c.e.This procedure applies to the followingmethods:

MAGNETIC PARTICLE TESTING MT

PENETRANT TESTING PT

ULTRASONIC TESTING UT RADIOGRAPHIC RT VISUAL TESTING

VT

1.1- Reference documents

- SNT TC 1A current editionRecommended practice for personnelqualification and certification innondestructive testing . (currentedition)

2. - Terms and definitions

The terms indicated in this document aredefined as follow:

Selection: when selecting the candidates itmust be ascertained that they meet theminimun required characteristics (e.g. eye-sight examination, good ability inrepresenting objects by sketches,








Qualifica: dimostrazione delle capacità siapratica che teorica nell’esecuzione deicontrolli non distruttivi del candidato.Certificazione: Evidenza scrittacomprovante che il candidato ha sostenutol’esame con esito positivo.ACCP: ASNT Central Certification Program

3. - Livelli di qualifica

Durante l’addestramento per laqualificazione e certificazione al I livello ilcandidato deve essere consideratoapprendista, di conseguenza dovrà lavoraresempre con una persona certificata checondurrà il controllo ne interpreterà evaluterà i risultati.Esistono tre livelli di qualifica definiti comesegue:

3.1 - Livello I

Un operatore di livello I è capace dieseguire correttamente l’esame perl’accettazione o lo scarto di un particolareregistrandone i risultati in accordo ad unaprocedura scritta.Deve ricevere le necessarie istruzioni esupervisione da un operatore di livellosuperiore.

3.2 - Livello II

Un operatore di livello II deve esserequalificato alla preparazione e calibrazionedella strumentazione e delleapparecchiature, deve essere inoltre ingrado di interpretare e valutare i risultatirispetto alle specifiche e ai codiciapplicabili.Un operatore di livello II deve avere inoltrefamigliarità con lo scopo e le limitazioni deimetodi per i quali è qualificato.

education etc…)Training: the program developed to impartthe knowledge and skills absolutelynecessary for qualification.

Qualification: the demonstration of the skilland theoretical and practical knowledge ofthe NDT candidate.Certification: written testimony proving thatthe candidate has passed the examination.ACCP: : ASNT Central CertificationProgram

3. - Levels of qualification

There are three levels of qualification.While in the process of being qualified andcertified to level I, the candidate should beconsidered a Trainee and therefore shouldalways work with a certified individual thatwill conduct the test, interpret and evaluatethe relevant results.The three levels are as follow:

3.1 - Level I

A level I operator should be capable ofproperly performing an examination foracceptance or rejection determinationaccording to written procedures and torecord the results.He shall receive the necessary instructionsand supervision from an individual withhigher level qualification.

3.2 - Level II

A level II operator should be qualified to setup and calibrate equipment and to interpretand evaluate the results with respect toapplicable codes or specifications.The level II operator should also be familiarwith The scope and limitations of the methods








E’ compito di un operatore di livello IIpreparare istruzioni scritte, organizzare eriportare i risultati degli esami effettuati.

3.3 - Livello III

Un livello III deve essere in grado distabilire tecniche di controllo e procedure,interpretare codici, standards, specifiche.Esso è responsabile per i controlli nondistruttivi per i quali è qualificato ed hasufficiente famigliarità con i materiali eprocessi di fabbricazione in modo dastabilire le tecniche di controllo più adatteed indicare criteri di accettabilità adeguatianche in assenza di codici o specifiche.Un operatore di livello III ha una generaleconoscenza di tutti gli altri metodi dicontrollo non distruttivi ed è qualificatoall’addestramento e all’esame delpersonale di livello I e II per lacertificazione.

4. - Istruzione, addestramento ed esperienzarichiesti per la qualifica

4.1 - Il personale scelto perl’addestramento deveavere una sufficiente istruzione edesperienza tale, da assicurare la comprensione deiprincipi e delle procedure inerenti agli argomenticonsiderati per la qualificazione.Addestramento e/o esperienzadocumentata, effettuata in posizioni ed attività equivalentia

for which the individual is qualified.He should be able to prepare writteninstructions and to organise and report theresults of the NDT.

3.3 - Level III

A level III individual should be capable ofestablishing testing techniques andprocedures, interpret codes, standards,specifications and procedures.He is responsible for the NDT operationsfor which he is qualified and is sufficientlyfamiliar with the materials and fabricationtechnologies to establish testingtechniques and to give advice onacceptance criteria limits.The level III individual has a generalknowledge of other NDT methods and isqualified to train and examine the Level Iand Level II personnel for certification.

4. - Education, training and experience requirements for qualification

4.1 – Personnel being considered fortraining shall have sufficient education andexperience to ensure understanding of theprinciples and procedures of the areasbeing considered for certification.Documented training and/or experiencegained in positions and activities equivalentto those of levels I, II, III prior toestablishment of this written proceduremay be considered in satisfying the criteriaof the following paragraphs.

4.2 – The candidate should satisfy the following requirements:








quelle di Livello I, II, III prima dell’entrata invigore della presente procedura, può considerarsivalida al soddisfacimento dei seguenti paragrafi:

4.2 - Il candidato deve soddisfare i seguenti requisiti:

Livello I e II: In Tabella I sono elencati irequisiti minimi di esperienza edaddestramento per la qualifica ai livelli I e IIin relazione al livello di istruzioneindividuale.

Livello III: I candidati per il livello III devonoavere una laurea in ingegneria ed unminimo di un anno di esperienza in compitied incarichi comparabili con quelli di unlivello II nei metodi di controllo nondistruttivo applicabili,

oppureDeve avere un diploma di scuolatecnica superiore ed avere unminimo di due anni di esperienza incompiti ed incarichi comparabili conquelli di un livello II nei metodi dicontrollo non distruttivo applicabili,

oppureDeve avere un minimo di quattro anni diesperienza in compiti ed incarichi comparabilicon quelli di un livello II nei metodi di controllonon distruttivo applicabili.

5. - Addestramento

Il personale candidato alla certificazionedeve completare un programma diaddestramento organizzato in modo daacquisire un approfondita famigliarità con iprincipi e le pratiche inerenti agli argomentiapplicabili.Le linee guida per l’addestramento delpersonale di Livello I e II ed i riferimentiraccomandati sono elencati nei seguentiallegati:

Level I and II: Annex 1 lists the necessaryexperience and education factors for initialqualification of level I and II candidates.

Level III: candidates for level IIIqualification should have a degree inengineering and least one year experiencein an assignment comparable to that oflevel II in the applicable NDT methods,

orshould have a graduated from a technicalschool and have at least two yearsexperience in assignments comparable tothose of level II in the applicable NDTmethods,

orshould have a minimun 4 years experiencein assignment comparable to those oflevel II in the applicable NDT methods.

5. - Training

Personnel being considered for certificationshould complete an organised trainingprogram to became thoroughly familiar withthe principles and practices of theapplicable fields. The training programshould include sufficient examinations toensure understanding of the necessaryinformation.The training course outlines for level I andII personnel and recommended referencesare specified in annexes:Annex 3 Magnetic particle TestingAnnex 4 Liquid penetrant TestingAnnex 5 Ultrasonic TestingAnnex 6 Visual TestingAnnex 7: Radiographic

6. - Examination for level I and II








Allegato 3: MagnetoscopicoAllegato 4: Liquidi PenetrantiAllegato 5: UltrasuoniAllegato 6: Esame VisivoAllegato 7: Radiografico

6. - Esami per Livello I e II

Un Livello III gestisce e valuta gli esami diqualifica.L’esame di qualifica deve essere strutturatonelle seguenti parti:

6.1 - Esame fisico:

Il candidato deve essere in grado di leggerecon o senza correzione la riga N.1 dellaJageger Chart ad una distanza massima di30 cm, ed essere capace di distinguere ilcontrasto tra i colori o distinguere diversegradazioni di grigio.L’esame deve essere effettuatoannualmente ed i risultati devono essereconservati in un dossier.

6.2 - Livello I

6.2.1 - Esame GeneraleL’esame generale scritto deve esserebasato sui principi teorici relativi al metodoapplicabile.Il numero di domande minimo sarà ilseguente:

MT = 40PT = 30UT = 40 RT = 40VT = 40

A level III individual should administer andgrade examinations. The examinations toverify physical and technical qualificationsshould consist of the following:

6.1 – Physical examination

The candidate should have perfect sightwith at least 1 eye (Jaeger Chart Number1 at distance of 30 cm) and capable ofdistinguishing contrast among colours orshades of grey used in the methoddetermined by employer. The results to bemanteined on file.

6.2 – NDT level I

6.2.1 - General ExaminationThe general written examination should beaddressed to the theoretical principles ofthe applicable method. The question’snumber will be as follow:

MT = 40PT = 30UT = 40

RT = 40VT = 40

6.2.2 - Specific examination

The specific written examination should beaddressed to the particular problemsrelated to the applicant’s specificassignment including specifications andacceptance criteria.The question’s number will be as follow:

MT = 20PT = 20UT = 20RT = 40VT = 20








6.2.2 - Esame specifico

L’esame specifico scritto deve esserebasato sui problemi relativi alle applicazionispecifiche del metodo applicabileincludendo le specifiche ed i criteri diaccettabilità.Il numero di domande minimo sarà ilseguente:

MT = 20PT = 20UT = 20RT = 40VT = 20

6.2.3 - Esame pratico

L’esame pratico dovrà dimostrare l’abilitànell’esecuzione dei metodi non distruttivi inesame su uno o più campioni di provaapprovati dal Livello III.Devono essere inoltre inseriti nell’esamepratico almeno 10 punti di verifica chedimostrino la comprensione, da parte delcandidato, delle variabili del metodo dicontrollo e delle requisiti della procedurautilizzata nell’esecuzione del controllo.

6.3 - Livello II

6.3.1 - Esame Generale

L’esame generale scritto deve esserebasato sui principi teorici relativi al metodoapplicabile.Il numero di domande minimo sarà ilseguente:

MT = 40PT = 40UT = 40RT = 40VT = 40

6.2.3 - Practical examination

Proficiency shall be demonstrated inperforming the applicable nondestructivetest on one or more samples approved bythe NDT level III. At least ten differentcheck points requiring an understanding oftest variables and the employer’sprocedural requirements shall be includedin this practical examination.

6.3 - NDT level II

6.3.1 - General examination

The general written examination should beaddressed to the theoretical principles ofthe applicable method. The question’s number will be as follow:

MT = 40PT = 40UT = 40RT = 40VT = 40

6.3.2 - Specific examination

The specific written examination should beaddressed to the particular problemsrelated to the applicant’s specificassignment including specifications andacceptance criteria.The question’s number will be as follow

MT = 20PT = 20UT = 20RT = 40VT = 20

6.3.3 - Practical examination

Proficiency shall be demonstrated inperforming the applicable non destructive








6.3.2 - Esame specifico

L’esame specifico scritto deve esserebasato sui problemi relativi alle applicazionispecifiche del metodo applicabileincludendo le specifiche ed i criteri diaccettabilità.Il numero di domande minimo sarà ilseguente:

MT = 20PT =20UT = 20RT = 40VT = 20

6.3.3 - Esame pratico

L’esame pratico dovrà dimostrare l’abilitàdel candidato nella scelta delle tecniche enell’esecuzione dei metodi di controllo nondistruttivo in esame, nonchénell’interpretazione e valutazione delleindicazioni emerse su uno o più campioni diprova approvati dal Livello III.Devono essere inoltre inseriti nell’esamepratico almeno 10 punti di verifica chedimostrino la comprensione, da parte delcandidato, delle variabili del metodo dicontrollo e delle requisiti della procedurautilizzata nell’esecuzione del controllo.

7. - Esame per il Livello III

Gli esami per il Livello III consistono in:

7.1 - Esame di base

Esame di base: richiesta una sola voltaquando si sceglie più di un metodo nondistruttivo, e comprende minimo:

test on one or more samples approved bythe NDT level III. At least ten differentcheck points requiring an understanding oftest variables and the employer’sprocedural requirements shall be includedin this practical examination.

7. - Level III Examinations

Level III certification examinations shall consist of:

7.1 - Basic examination

Basic examination, required only oncewhen more than one is taken, comprising:

a) 15 Questions relating to understanding Recommended Practice SNT TC 1Ac.e. b) 20 questions relating to applicable

materials, fabrication and producttechnology

c) 20 Questions selected from level II questions for other appropriate NDT methods

7.2 - Method examination

Method examination (for each method)comprising:

a) 30 Questions relating to principlesand fundamentals selected from enclosedRecommended Practice SNT TC 1 A orsimilarb) 15 questions relating to theapplication and establishments oftechniques and procedures selected fromenclosed SNT TC 1A or similarc) 20 questions relating to capability ofinterpreting codes, standard orspecifications relating to the method.








a) N. 15 domande relative alla comprensione del documento SNT TC 1A c.e.

b) N. 20 domande relative ai materiali applicabili, fabbricazione e tecnologia delprodotto.

c) N. 20 domande di base relative metodi di prova non distruttivi

7.2 - Esame di metodo

Esame di metodo (per ogni metodo)comprendente:

a) N. 30 domande relative ai principi

fondamentali tratti dagli allegati dellaASNT o simili

b) N. 15 domande relative alladeterminazione e all’applicazione ditecniche e procedure tratte dagli allegatidella ASNT o simili.N. 20 domande relative alla capacità diinterpretare codici, norme o specificherelative al metodo.

7.3 - Esame specifico (per ogni metodo)

a) N. 20 domande relative a specifiche,attrezzature, tecniche e procedureapplicabili ai prodotti del datore di lavoroe ai metodi utilizzati, e alla gestionedella procedura scritta del datore dilavoro.

7.4 - Nomina esterna

ing. Bruno Zilli - Controlli NonDistruttivi e Forn. Tecniche PerControlli Non Distruttivi si riserva ildiritto di nominare un livello III esterno per

7.3 - Specific examination (for each method)

a) 20 questions relating to specifications,equipment, techniques and proceduresapplicable to the utilised products andmethods employed and to theadministration of the employer’s writtenpractice.

7.4 - External level III appointment

ing. Bruno Zilli - Controlli Non Distruttivi e Forn. Tecniche Per Controlli Non Distruttivi reserve the right to appoint a external level III for the certification his level III.

8. - Grading

8.1 - A level III individual shall beresponsible for the administration andgrading of examinations for Level I andLevel II personnel

8.2 - At the end of the examinations acomposite grade comprising the results ofall the examinations will be developed.

8.3 - The composite grade result forcandidate certification, determined bysimple averaging of the results, should begreater than 80%. In addition each passinggrade for general specific and practical orthe basic method and specific examinationis recommended to be 80% or greater.








la certificazione dei propri livelli III.

8. - Valutazione

8.1 - Una persona di livello III saràresponsabile per la gestione e lavalutazione degli esami del personale dilivello I e II.

8.2 - Alla fine dell’esame verrà effettuatauna valutazione composta comprendente irisultati di tutte le parti dell’esameeffettuato.

8.3 - Il risultato della valutazione compositaè determinato dalla media semplice deirisultati delle varie parti dell’esame. Per ilpersonale di livello I e II il risultato dellavalutazione composita dovrà esseresuperiore all’80%. Il candidato comunquedovrà conseguire una valutazione dialmeno il 70 % in ciascuna delle particomponenti l’esame., sia essa generale,specifica o pratica.

9. - Riesame

Qualora il candidato non superi l’esame,egli dovrà attendere al meno 30 giorniprima di ripresentarsi ad una nuovasessione d’esame.

10. - Certificazione

L’esaminatore di livello III, è responsabileper la certificazione di tutti i livelli.Essa sarà basata sulla dimostrazionedella qualificazione soddisfacente secondoquanto previsto ai paragrafi 5-6-7 della

9. - Re-examination

Those failing to attain the required gradesshould wait at least thirty (30 ) days orreceive suitable additional training asdetermined by the NDT Level III beforere-examination.

10. - Certification

Certification of all levels of NDT personnelis the responsibility of the employer.At the option of the employer an outsideagency may be engaged to provide theNDT Level III service.In such istances the responsability ofcertification is retained by employer.The Level III examiner is responsible forthe certification of all levels.Certification shall be based ondemostration of satisfactory qualification asspecified in paragraphs5-6 and 7The written certification and copies ofexamination report must be maintained onfile.The records should include the following:

Name of certified personnel Level of certification and test method Education background and

experience of certified individual Report indicating satisfactory

completion of training in accordance with this procedure

Results of physical examination prescribed

Copy of examination Composite grade Date of certification and/or re-

certification Signature of level III Examiner Signature of Manager








presente procedura.Si dovrà conservare e tenere a disposizionela certificazione scritta e copia dei verbalid’esame.La registrazione dovrà comprendere quantosegue:

Nome della persona certificata Livello di certificazione e metodo di

prova Istruzione ed esperienza della

persona certificata Rapporto con esito soddisfacente

dell’addestramento in conformità allapresente procedura

Risultati dell’esame fisico Copia dell’esame Valutazione composita Data di certificazione e

ricertificazione Firma del responsabile (esaminatore

di Livello III) Firma del datore di lavoro

11. - Ricertificazione

La certificazione è valida per un periodo di5 anni per tutti i Livelli I. Trascorsi i periodisuddetti la persona può essere ricertificatasecondo uno dei seguenti modi:

a) Con l’evidenza oggettiva esoddisfacente della continuità operativa

b) Con un esame pratico in caso diinterruzione dell’attività per un periodosuperiore ai 3 mesi

c) Con un esame completo in caso diinterruzione dell’attività superiore al

11. - Re-certification

Certification is valid for 5 years for allcertification levels, and the individual canbe re-certified in the following way:

a) With evidence of continuing satisfactoryperformance or

b) With practical examination after 3months of activity interruption or

c) With a new complete examination whenthe interruption latsts then 1 (one ) year.

d) Reexamination on those portions ofexaminations deemed necessary by theemployer’s NDT level III

In any case it is at the discretion of theemployer to have the certification extendedor revoked at any time.

12. - Termination

The certification shall be deemed revoked when employment is terminated.

An individual can be re-certified by a new employer provided the following three conditions are met:

a) Evidence of prior certificationb) The employer was working in the

capacity which he is certified within sixmonths of termination

c) Re-certification is made within sixmonths of his termination.








periodo di 1 anno.d) Riesame nelle parti ritenute importanti

dal III livello del datore di lavoro

In ogni caso è facoltà del datore di lavororiconfermare o revocare la certificazione inqualsiasi momento.

12. - Scadenza

La certificazione si considera scaduta conla cessazione del rapporto di lavoro

Una persona può essere certificata da unnuovo datore di lavoro purché sussistanotutte le seguenti condizioni:

a) Esista la prova delle precedentecertificazioneb) Siano state applicate le capacitàcertificate nei sei mesi precedenti alle dimissionic) Sia stato ricertificato entro i sei mesidalle dimissioni.








ANNEX 1RECOMMENDED TRAINING (HOURS)

EXAMINAQTION METHOD MT PT UT VT RT

Level I II I II I II I II I II

University Degree 8 4 4 8 30 40 4 8 4 8

High School Graduation 12 8 4 4 40 40 8 16 8 16

RECOMMENDED EXPERIENCE (MONTHS)

All education levels listed above

1 3 1 2 3 9 1 2

Notes:

a) For level II certifications, the experienceshould consist of time at Level I orequivalent. If a person is being qualifieddirectly to Level II with no time at Level I,the required experience should consist ofthe sum of the times required for Level Iand Level II and the required trainingshould consist of the sum of the hoursrequired for Level I and Level II

b) Initial experience may be gaignedsimultaneously in two or more methods if:

the candidate spends min 25% of work timeon each method for which certifications issought, and

The remainder of the work time claimed asexperience is spent the NDT relatedactivities defined in the employer's writtenpractice.

c) For personnel having educational levellower than high school graduation thetime for training indicated in table is to beintended increased of 50%.

Note:

a) Per la certificazione del Livello IIl’esperienza consisterà nel periododi tempo trascorso come livello I.Se una persona si qualificadirettamente al Livello II, senza unperiodo di tempo come livello I,l’esperienza sarà la somma deitempi necessari per i livelli I e II,così come le ore di istruzionesaranno la somma di quellenecessarie per il livello I e II.

b) L’esperienza iniziale può essereraggiunta contemporaneamente indue o più metodi se:

il candidato utilizza almeno il 25 %del suo tempo di lavoro in ognimetodo per il quale aspira allacertificazione e

il resto del suo tempo di lavoroqualificato viene svolto in attivitàrelative alle Prove non Distruttive.








c) Per il personale che ha un livello diistruzione inferiore alla scuola

secondaria il tempo diaddestramento indicato in tabelladeve essere aumentato del 50 %.

ANNEX 3

MAGNETIC PARTICLE TESTINGTraining program

1 Principles of Magnets and Magnetic Fields1.1 Theory of magnetic fields

1. Earth's magnetic field2. Magnetic fields around magnetised materials

1.2 Theory of magnetism1. Magnetic poles2. Law of magnetism3. Materials influenced by magnetic fields:

a. Ferromagneticb. Paramagnetic

4. Magnetic characteristics of non-ferrous materials 1.3 Terminology associated with magnetic particle testing2 Characteristics of Magnetic Fields2.1 Bar Magnet2.2 Ring Magnet3 Effect of Discontinuities on Materials3.1 Surface cracks 3.2 Scratches3.3 Subsurface defects4 Magnetisation by means of electric current 4.1 Circular Field

1. Field around a straight conductor 2. Right-hand rule3. Field in parts through which current flows:

a. Long solid cylindrical regular partsb. Irregularly shaped partsc. Tubular partsd. Parts containing critical holes

4. Methods of inducing current flowa. Contact plates








b. Prods5. Discontinuities commonly discovered by circular fields

4.2 Longitudinal Field1. Field produced by current flow in a coil 2. Field direction in a current-carrying coil 3. Field strength in a current-carrying coil4. Discontinuities commonly discovered by longitudinal

fields5. Advantages of longitudinal magnetisation when

inspecting 6. Disadvantages of longitudinal magnetisation when

inspecting5 Selecting the proper method of magnetisation5.1 Alloy,shape and condition of part5.2 Type of magnetising current5.3 Direction of magnetic field5.4 Sequence of operations

5.5 Value of flux density








6 Inspection Materials

6.1 Wet particles 6.2 Dry particles

7 Principles of Demagnetisation7.1 Residual magnetism7.2 Reasons for requir1ng demagnetisation7.3 Longitudinal and circular residual field7.4 Basic principles of demagnetisation7.5 Retentivity and coercive force7.6 Methods of demagnetisation8 Magnetic Particle Test Equipment 8.1 Equipment selection considerations

1. Type of magnetising current2. Location and nature of test 3. Test materials used4. Purpose of test 5. Area inspected

8.2 Manual inspection equipment8.3 Medium and heavy duty equipment8.4 Stationary equipment8.5 Mechanised inspection equipment

1. Semi-autorriatic inspection equipment 2. Single-purpose semiautomatic equipment3. Multi-purpose semiautomatic equipment4. Fully automatic equipment

9 Type of Discontinuities located by Magnetic Particle Testing9.1 Inclusions9.2 Blowholes9.3 Porosity9.4 Flakes9.5 Cracks9.6 Pipes9.7 Laminations9.8 Laps9.9 Forging Bursts9.10 Voids10 Magnetic Particle Test Indications and Interpretation 10.1 Indications of non-metallic inclusions10.2 Indications of surface seams10.3 Indications of cracks10.4 Indications of laminations10.5 Indications of laps








10.6 Indications of bursts and flakes10.7 Indications of porosity10.8 Non-relevant indications








ANNEX 4

LIQUID PENETRANT TESTINGTraining program

1 Introduction1.1 Brief history of non-destructive testing and liquid penetrant testing1.2 Purpose of liquid penetrant testing1.3 Basic pr1nciples of liquid penetrant testing1.4 Types of liquid penetrants commercially available2 Liquid Penetrant Processing2.1 Preparation of parts2.2 Application of penetrant to parts2.3 Removal of surface penetrant2.4 Developer application and drying2.5 Inspection and evaluation2.6 Post-cleaning3 Selection of Penetrant Test Method3.1 Advantages of various methods3.2 Disadvantages of various methods4 Liquid Penetrant Test Equipment4.1 Liquid penetrant test units4.2 Lighting for liquid penetrant inspection4.4 Materials for liquid penetrant tests4.5 Precautions in penetrant inspection5 Liquid Penetrant Indications5.1 General

1. Reason for indications2. Appearance of indications3. Time for indications to appear4. Persistence of indications

5.2 Factors affecting indications1. Penetrant used2. Prior processing3. Technique used

5.3 Establishing acceptance standards1. Lack of "standards"2. Standards for repetitive inspection

5.4 Indication from cracks1. Cracks occurring during solidification2. Cracks occurring during processing3. Cracks occurring during service

5.5 Indications from laminar discontinuities1. Cold shut or fold2. Forging laps








3. Extrusion defect4. Seams

5.6 Indications from porosity 5.7 Non-relevant indications

6 Inspection Procedures and Standards 6.1 Inspection procedures 6.2 Standards








ANNEX 5

ULTRASONIC TESTINGTraining program for

1 Introduction1.1 Definition of ultrasonic1.2 History of ultrasonic testing1.3 Applications of ultrasonic energy1.4 Basic math review1.5 Responsibilities of levels of certification2 Basic Principles of Acoustics2.1 Nature of sound waves2.2 Modes of sound-wave generation2.3 Velocity,frequency and wavelength of sound waves2.4 Attenuation of sound waves2.5 Acoustic impedance2.6 Reflection2.7 Refraction and mode-conversion2.8 Snell's law and critical angles2.9 Fresnel and Fraunhofer effects3 Equipment3.1 Basic pulse-echo instrumentation (A-,B- and C-scan)

a. Electronics - time base,pulser,receiver and cathode-ray tube (CRT)b. Control functionsc. Calibrations Basic instrument calibration Calibration blocks (types and use)

3.2 Digital thickness instrumentation3.3 Transducer operation and theory

a. Piezoelectric effectb. Types of crystalc. Frequency (crystal-thickness relationship)d. Near field and far fielde. Beam spreadf. Construction,materials and shapesg. Types (straight,angle,dual,etc.)h. Beam-intensity characteristicsi. Sensitivity,resolution and dampingl. Mechanical vibration into part

3.4 Couplantsa. Purpose and principlesb. Material and their efficiency

4 Testing methods4.1 Contact








a. Straight-beamb. Angle beamc. Surface-waved. Pulse-echo transmissione. Multiple Transducerf. Curved surface








4.2 Immersiona. Transducer in waterb. Water column,wheels,etc.c. Submerged test partd. Sound-beam path - transducer to parte. Focused transducers

f. Curved surfaces4.3 Comparison of contact and immersion methods5 Calibration (Electronic and functional)5.1 Equipment

a. Cathode-ray tube (amplitude,sweep,etc.)b. Recordersc. Alarmsd. Automatic and semiautomatic systemse. Electronic distance/amplitude correctionf. Transducers

5.2 Calibration of equipment electronicsa. Var1able effectsb. Transmission accuracyc. Calibration requirementsd. Calibration reflectors

5.3 Inspection calibrationa. Compar1son with reference blocksb. Pulse-echo variablesc. Reference for planned tests (straight-beam,angle-beam,etc.}d. Transmission factorse. Transducerf. Couplantsg. Materials

6 Straight-beam examination to specific procedures6.1 Selection of parameters6.2 Tests standards6.3 Evaluation of results6.4 Test reports7 Angle-beam examination to specific procedures7.1 Selection of parameters 7.2 Test standards7.3 Evaluation of results7.4 Test reports8 Evaluation of base-material product forms8.1 Ingots

a. Process reviewb. Types,origin and typical orientation of discontinuitiesc. Response of discontinuities to ultrasoundd. Applicable code/standards

8.2 Plate and sheet








a. Rolling processb. Types,origin and typical orientation of discontinuitiesc. Response of discontinuities to ultrasoundd. Applicable code/standards

8.3 Bar and roda. Forming processb. Types,origin and typìcal orientation of discontinuitiesc. Response of discontinuities to ultrasoundd. Applicable code/standards








8.4 Pipe and tubular productsa. Manufacturing processb. Types,origin and typical or1entation of discontinuitiesc. Response of discontinuities to ultrasoundd. Applicable code/standards

8.5 Forgingsa. Process reviewb. Types,origin and typical orientation of discontinuitiesc. Response of discontinuities to ultrasoundd. Applicable code/standards

8.6 Castingsa. Process reviewb. Types,origin and typical orientation of discontinuitiesc. Response of discontinuities to ultrasoundd. Applicable codelstandards

8.7 Other product forms as applicable - rubber,glass,etc.9 Evaluation of weldments9.1 Welding process9.2 Welding geometries9.3 Welding discontinuities9.4 Origin and typical orientation of discontinuities9.5 Response of discontinuities to ultrasound9.6 Applicable codelstandards10 Evaluation of bonded structures10.1 Manufacturing process10.2 Types of discontinuities10.3 gin and typical orientation of discontinuities10.4 Response of discontinuities to ultrasound10.5 Applicable code/standards11 Discontinuity detection11.1 Sensitivity to reflections

a. Size,type and location of discontinuitiesb. Techniques used in detectionc. Wave characteristicsd. Material and velocitye. Discontinuity

11.2 Resolutiona. Standard reference comparisonb. History of partc. Probability of type of discontinuityd. Degrees of operator discriminatione. Effects of ultrasonic frequencyf. Damping effects

11.3. Determination of discontinuity sizea. Cathode-ray tube (CRT) display and meter indications








b. Transducer movement vs.displayc. Two-dimensional testing techniquesd. Signal pattems

11.4 Location of discontinuitya. CRT displayb. Amplitude and linear timec. Search technique








12 Evaluation12.1 Comparison procedures

a. Standards and referencesb. Amplitude, area and distance relationship c. Application of results of other NDT methods

12.2 Object appraisala. History of partb. Intended use of partc. Existing and applicable code interpretationsd. Type of discontinuity and location.








ANNEX 6

VISUAL TESTING

Introduction

- Definitions- Fundamentals- Equipment (as applicable)- Employer-Defined Applications- Visual Testing to Specific Procedures- Safety Precautions

Specific Theory:

Application of the Method and use of Codes, Specifications and Proceduresapplicable to the Company, including the relevant control checks.

General Theory:

- Vision- Lighting- Material attributes- Environmental and Physiological Factors- Visual Perception- Equipment- Employer-Defined Applications- Acceptance/Rejection Criteria- Recording and Reporting

Specific Theory:

Application of the Method to the Specific requirements of the Company, in particular making reference to those Codes, Specifications and Procedures used by the Company, including the relevant control checks.








ANNEX 7

RADIOGRAPHIC

Introduction

- Definitions- Fundamentals- Equipment (as applicable)- Employer-Defined Applications- Radiographic Testing to Specific Procedures- Safety Precautions

Specific Theory

Application of the Method and use of Codes, Specifications and Proceduresapplicable to the Company, including the relevant control checks.

General Theory

General RequirementsEquipment and Materials Calibration ExaminationEvaluationDocumentation Location Marker Sketches Hole-Type IQI Designation, Thickness, and Hole Diameters Wire IQI Designation, Wire Diameter, and Wire IdentityIQI SelectionEquivalent Hole-Type IQI SensitivityMotion Radiography Real-Time Radioscopic Examination Digital Image Acquisition, Display, and Storage for Radiography and Radioscopy Interpretation, Evaluation, and Disposition of Radiographic andRadioscopic Examination Test Results Produced by the DigitalImage Acquisition and Display ProcessGlossary of Terms for Radiographic ExaminationDigital Image Acquisition, Display, Interpretation, and Storage ofRadiographs for Nuclear Applications Radiographic Examination of Metallic Castings Radiography Using Phosphor Imaging PlateApplication of Digital Radiography








Recommended Radiographic Technique Sketches for Pipe or TubeWeldsHole-Type IQI Placement Sketches for WeldsNumber of IQIs (Special Cases)

Specific Theory:

Application of the Method to the Specific requirements of the Company, in particular making reference to those Codes, Specifications and Procedures used by the Company, including the relevant control checks.








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