PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GEOTEXTJLES, GEOMEMBRANES AND RELATED PRODUCTS I THE HAGUE I 28 MAY - 1 JUNE 1990

Geotextiles, Geomembranes and Related Products Editor G.DENHOEDT AKZO Industrial Systems bv, Arnhem

VOLUME2 Canals, reservoirs and dams I Waste disposal/ Geomembrane properties and testing I Mechanical damage I Creep and durability I Miscellaneous tests I Special products and applications

A.A. BALKEMA I ROTTERDAM I BROOKFIELD I 1990

Geotexttles. GoomombranesandRelatodProducts. DenHoedt (ed.) 19908all<ema. Rotterdam ISBN906191 I 192

Table of coment

6. Canals, reservoirs and dams

Engineering geosynthetics in design and construction of Jibiya dam P. Sembenelli

A continuous barrier from bottom to crown in hydraulic earth fill structures A.M.Scuero, G.Nuzzo & A.Salvemini

Geosynthetics under high stress J. S. C uniberti

Results of seventeen years of using geomembranes in dams and basins E.Aionso, G.Degoutte & H.Girard

Use of geosynthetics for the underwater lining of operating canals W.R. Morr~son

Use of geotextiles and geomembranes in irrigation channels - Brazilian case histories F.T.Montez & LG.Maroni

Rehabilitation of old liner systems in canals G.Heerten & F.List

Experimental study of an adbesive-geomembrane system for a dam's metallic facing rehabilitation D.A.Cazzuffi & S. Venesia

AppHcation of geomembrane I geotex.tile composite in impervious lining system of Lijiaqing dam Tongkang Tao, Renr/Qn Tang & Mangui Chen

Non-woven bentonite fabrics- A new fibre reinforced mineral liner system C.Scheu, K.Johannflen & F.Saatho.ff

A research of protecting fill dam with geotex.tile against dispersive damages and its durability Wang Anjiang, Sheng Shoutian & Zhang Bin

The use of geocomposites for the rehabilitation of concrete dams AM.Scuero

Use of geomembranes for community development H.A. M. Wichern

Geotex.tiles at Tex.coco Lake, Mexico R.Murillo

lnstalling floating covers on intricately shaped reservoirs Richard Taylor

Low-cost floating cover reservoirs for developing countries P.L.Davies & P.JMeyer

7. Waste disposal

Evaluation of flow from landfiU leakage detection layers B.AGross, R.Bonaparte & J.P.Giroud

Geosynthetics for safe waste disposal S.E.Hoekstra & H.C.Berklwut

V

419

425

431

437

443

449

453

457

463

467

473

474

475

476

477

478

481

487

Geosynthetic land fill cap: Laboratory and field te ts, design and construction J.P.Giroud, R.H.Swan,Jr., P.J.Richer & P.R.Spooner

Long term filter function ofnonwoven geotextiles in landfills JKissl<£111 & E.Garrw1g

Water-table pollution control by biruminous geomembranes C.Bienaime & R.Herment

Geornembranes for vertical waste containment sealing H. Brand/

Computer evaluation of the stability of composite liners B.Soyez, Ph.Delmas, Ch.Herr & JC.Berche

Geocomposite waste cell capping system for steep slopes Rona/d K.Frobel

Deformation of geomembranes in landfiUs due to settlement and other causes Albert Borea

Improvements in the geomechanical performance of membrane liners R.Krause

Stability of solid waste on geosynthetic lining system J.P.Giroud, J.F.Beech & AKhatami

Liner systems of land.fills - Stability of steep slopes G.Heerten & C.Scheu

8. Geomembrane properties and testing

493

499

505

511

517

523

524

525

526

527

Perforations in P. F. M. liners and the effectiveness of sealings 531 H.Steffen

HOPE seam test histories and bonding factors 537 G.M.Hudgins & C.F.Cobb

Tests of geomembranes water permeability 543 Y.H.Faure, P.Pierson, O.Artieres & F.Gousse

Understanding and preventing 'shattering' failures ofpo1yethylene geomembranes 549 fan D.Peggs, Daniel S.Carlson & Sashal.Peggs

On-site liner-waste compatibility test 555 H.E.Haxo,Jr.

Durability of PVC geomembranes and resistance to mechanical puncturing 561 D.Fayou.x

Sealing systems-Tests on friction and punctiform loading 567 F.Saathoff, S.Koh/hase & F.-F.Zitscher

Bursting test: Validation by 20-tension test and infrared thermography 573 M.P.Luong & C.Bemhard

Contribution to the choice of a single tensile test on geomembrane 579 1. P.Gourc, H. Perrier, 1. B. Benneron, B. Lec/ercq

Large-scale testing of waste containment sealing under point loading in high pressure testing device 585 Joachim T.Pape & Li Huang

Application of geotextiles in combination sealings for the protection of polymeric flexible membranes 589 H.Steffen

Examination of the microstructure of geomembranes and seams by light transmission microscopy 590 fan D.Peggs & Daniel S.Carlson

Measure of radionuclides (Cs, Co, Sr ... ) diffusion coefficients through a coating of radioactive wastes using epoxic 591 resins G.Beaudoing, C.Signoret & C.de Tassigny

The relation of high pressure OIT to oven aging for iHDPE liners 593 M. W.Cadwa//ader

VI

Prediction of lhe lhcnnomechanical behavior of polypropylene modified bitumen geomembranes JY/iem, .I.M.Rigo & R.Degeimbre

9. Mechanical damage

594

llle installation survivability of geotextiles and geogrids 597 George R. Koerner & Roben M. Koerner

Site damage oials on geotextiles 603 G. R.AWatts & K.C.Brady

lnfluence of weaving structure and coating on the degree of mechanical damage of reinforcing mats and woven 609 geogrids, caused by different tills, during installation G.H.Troost & N.A.Ploeg

Summary and evaluation of construction related damage to geotextiles in reinforcing applications 615 John N.Paulson

Chemical and mechanical durability of geotextiles 621 JWBilling, !H. Greenwood & G. D. Small

Installation problems with geotextiles, an overview of producer's experience with designers and contractors 627 W.Voskamp, H.AM.Wichern & Wvan Wijk

Abrasion damage to geotextiles used in gravel road pavements on frost-damaged roads in Sweden 631 EinarLindh

Damage on geotextile during rockfiUs placing 635 F.Antoine, H. Perrier & G.Drue/le

Field oials to evaluate geotextile puncture resistance 641 JH.Dixon & S.Osborn

l 0. Creep and durability

The creep of geotextiles 645 J H. Greenwood

Designing soil reinforcement with woven geotextiles- The effect of mechanical damage and chemical ageing on the 651 long-term perfonnance of polyester fibres and fabrics D.J. Viezee, WVoskamp, G.den Hoedt, G.H.Troost & H.M.Schmidt

Creep of geotextiles at different temperatures 657 J. MLJJler-Rochholz & Reinhard Kirschner

Creep of geotextiles: Soil reinforcement applications 661 Y.Matichard, B.Leclercq & M.Segouin

Plane strain tensile strength and creep of spun-bonded non-wovens 667 H.Miki, Y.Hayashi,K.Yamada, T.Takasago & H. Shido

Variation of long term design strength of geosynthetics in temperatures up to 40°C 673 D. I. Bush

Creep behavior of geotextiles 677 BrajaM.Das

Evaluation of creep-rupture properties of geosynthetics 678 D.E.Duval/ & P.D.Egan

Durability of geotextiles: Pragmatic approach used in France 679 B.Leclercq, M.Schaeffner, JC.B/ivet, Ph.Delmas & Y.Matichard

Recent advances in chemical compatibility evaluation of geosynthetic materials 685 P.E.Cassidy, M. Mores, D.JKerwick & D.C.Koeck

Hydrolysis of HT polyester yarns in water at moderate temperatures 691 P.Risseeuw & H.M. Schmidt

Evaluation of the life expectancy of polypropylene geotextiles used in bottom protection structures around the Ooster 697 Schelde storm surge barrier: A case study J D. M. Wisse, C.J. M. Broos & W H. Boe/s

VII

Conclusions of an extensive BRJTE-research programme on ageing 703 Lieva Van Langenhove

Physicochemical changes in laboratory-aged orientated polypropylene tapes- The effects of stress and humidity 709 A. Richard Horrocks & Jennifer AD' Smca

An overview of practices used in the United States to determine the compatibility of geosynthetics with chemical 715 waste K. LVerschoor, D. F. White & R. W.Thomas

The weathering of fourteen different geotextiles in temperate, tropical, desert and permafrost conditions P.R.Rankilor

Durability testing and prediction of geotextiles and related products H. Schneider

Kinetic models for the life prediction in PET hygrothermal ageing: A critical survey 1-M.Jailloux & J. Verdu

11. Miscellaneous tests

Pullout evaluation of geosynthetics in cohesive soils B.R.Cizristopher & R.R.Berg

Direct shear and pullout frictional resistance at the geotextile-mud interface K. Garbulewski

Large scale pull-out tests on geotextiles and geogrids E.M.Palmeira & G.W.E.Milligan

Observations of photo-elastic pullout tests on geotextiles and geogrids G.W.E.Milligan, D. I. Bush & R.F.Earl

(m proving design through the use of in-soil testing A.B.Fourie, N.G.Bentley & KFabian

Super large triaxial compression tests on reinforced sand with high streng1h geogrid M. Furaki, H.Suzuki & S.Yamato

Multiaxial stress rupture and puncture testing of geQtextiles G.Wemer, G.Piihringer & R.K.Frobel

Towards a standard tensile test: Evaluated results of Dutch interlab test programme M.Th.de Groot, G.den Hoedt, A. H.J.Nijhof & W.T.Jansen

Testing and applicatjon of geotextiles in Hungary T.Ltlsz/6, A.Schneider & S.Tombor

Certification of geotextiles J.Peifeui & R.Biguet

Research of influence of test conditions on the tensile strength of geotexti le Wang Anjiang, Zhang Bin & Lu Lihua

Strength and survivabiJity evaluation of some Indian geotextiles G.Venkatappa Rao, J.M.Kate & K.K.Gupta

Analysis of the flexibility of geotextiles JGiel/y, C.Coulet & B.Lamri

Cubical and cylindrical tests for measuring in-soilload-extension properties of geotextiles Jonathan T. H. Wu & Vasken Arabian

Design of a fixture for determining the puncture strength of geo-fabrics S.N. Pandey & AK.Majumder

The compressibility of needle-punched non-woven geotextiles H. Novais-F erreira

Efficiency of different reinforcing materials on tbe bearing capacity of soil M.O.AI-Aslzou & M.JAI-Jebouri

Vll t

719

723

727

731

737

743

747

753

759

765

771

777

781

782

783

784

785

786

787

788

Measurement of friction characteristics in contact with geomembranes H.Girard & G. Mathieu

Assessment of sand-geotextilc friction J.Alenowicz & E. Dembicki

Geosynthetics skin-friction: influence of the equipment on the measure J. P.Gourc, J.Gballou,J.C. Blivet,J.Puig & G.Mathieu

investigation of frictional characteristics between sandy soils and non-woven fabric R. H.Chen, M. S.Chen & B.A.Gong

Interface friction evaluation of some Indian geotextiles G. Venkotappa Rao & J. M. Ka1e

Friction characteristics of polypropylene reinforcing straps in sand and p.f.a. fi lls T.WFinlay & A.Bouazza

Sand-geotextile interaction by direct shear testing G.A.Athanasopoulos, D.K.Atmatzidis & P.ZBousias

Direct shear tests: A Brazilian experience D. Vidal, M.A. R.Costalonga & S. H.de Mello Jr.

The mechanical effect of inclination of geotextiJes in sands R. H.Chen & R.G. Lee

Strength comparison of fiber and geomesh reinforced clay Raid R.Al-Omari

Anchorage resistance of geogrid reinforced soil systems: Large-scale tests G. E.Bauer, AO.A. El Halim & Q.Shang

Pull-out behaviour- Experimental study Y.Bourdeau, J.P.Gourc, Ph.Gotteland & H.Perrier

The effect of grid geometry and aggregate size on the stress transfer mechanism G.E.Bauer & Y.M.Mowafy

Geogrid pull-out test in clay M.AR.Costalonga

Effect of compaction moisture contents on pullout of steel geogrids with weathered clay backfill D.T.Bergado, C.B.Cisneros, C.L.Sampaco, M.C.Aifaro & R.Shivashankor

12. Special products and applications

789

790

791

792

793

794

795

796

797

798

799

800

801

802

803

Groundvibration isolation using gas cushions 807 F. De Cock & C. Leg rand

Contribution of geosynthetics to the damping characteristics of sport grounds 813 J.M.Rigo, J.Wierrz, G.Hunebelle, P.Goblet & M.Gillard

The fundamental definition and classification of warp knitted D.S. E geotextiles for civil engineering end uses 819 S.Raz & P.R.Rankilor

Testing of asphalt concrete pavement with fabric ioterlayer and long term observation 825 I.Yamaoka, H.Miyai, K.Yasuda & T.Hara

Computer aided design of geotextiles by functions 829 O.Gicot, J.M.Rigo, K.Smolders, Y.Marhieu, E.Alexandre & C.Legrand

Potential for use of natural fibres in geotexriJe engineering 835 J.N.Mandal & M.V.R.Murti

Soil-reinforcement imeraction under a joint of buried conduit 839 J.Sohn, WJ.Lee & B.S.Lee

Geotextile for improving the bases under joint of precast road pavements 845 V. D. Kazamovsky, A. G. Polunovsky & N. V.Tabakov

Geotextiles for backfiUing on deep level mines 849 M. G. Dickson & C. S.Strydom

IX

Geotextiles as tie-backs and deep venical screens 853 Paul G. M. Silence, Eric Van den Eede & Jan Himpe

Translucent P.V C. water-proofing geomembranes for undergroW1d works 857 JLMahuet &JF.Jaby

Soil reinforced by waste plastic material 859 C.Coulet, D.Daudon & JD.Rakotondramanitr-a

Reinforcement with fabrics and geonets 860 Svame Johansson

Intelligent earth anchor systems on the basis of heavy duty composite fiber materials 861 Reinhard Wolff & Hans-Joacltim Miesseler

Road reinforcement with a geotextile fabric: Prevemtion of karstic sink holes 862 H.Perrier,P.Ducol, M.Simon & M.lAcroix

Application of polymer-grid foundation mattress to buildings on sulfate-contained grounds 863 H.Ochiai, S.Hayashi, JOtani & KMatsui

Effective applications of natural-fibre geotextiles 864 JC.Thomson

The use of slit film geotextiles in China 865 Liu Zong-Yao

Application and research on polyolefine geotextiles 866 Dagang Zhou, Yansheng Wu & Zhiqun Yang

Geotextiles and geornembranes- Partners in Australian project development 868 M.A.Sad/ier & T.Webb

Geosynthetics provide innovative solution to mine establishment problems 869 Neil Finn & Tim Webb

Application of hyper~geocomposite to improve the q uality of concrete 870 N. M iura, H. Kinosita & S.Yamato

20 years' experience with asphalt reinforcements made of polyester fabrics 871 R.Kirschner

Results after five years of use of a system of asphalt overlay fabric with bitumen to retard reflective cracking in 872 pavements JPuig, M.Patier & JVecoven

Polypropylene grid reinforced asphalt overlays 873 P.JCearns & JH.Dixon

Repairing a cracked concrete pavement with a thin asphalt rubber concrete overlay on a geotextile 87 4 D.Thouret, J. Puig & C. Martin

Drainage and waterproofing of cracked roadway 875 P. M. Spillemaecker & 1 Puig

Geotextiles to prevent reflective cracking in road- Assessment in France, future prospects 876 JVecoven, JP.Benaben, G.Co/ombier, G.Morel & M.Verhee

The effect of compaction technique on asphalt concrete reinforced by a geogrid 877 A.O.AELHalim & OttoJSvec

Thermal resistance of polypropylene geotextiles used in interlayers retarding the reflective cracking in pavements 879 JM.Rigo

Marine pipeline stabilisation by means of concrete/fabric gravity mats 880 P.Jde Geeter & H.J Dunnewind

Use of steel-reinforced fabric strips for de-bogging of vehicles 881 P.lde Geeter & H.JDunnewind

Author index 883

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