proceedings of the 8th european conference on is ... e., krichevsky... · proceedings of the 8th...

Proceedings of the8th European Conference on

IS Management and Evaluation

University of Ghent,Belgium

11-12 September 2014

Edited by

Jan Devos and Steven De Haes

A conference managed by ACPI, UK

TheProceedingsofThe8thEuropeanConferenceon

ISManagementandEvaluationECIME2014

UniversityofGhent

Belgium

1112September2014

EditedbyJanDevos

GhentUniversityand

StevenDeHaesUniversityofAntwerp

andAntwerpManagementSchoolBelgium

CopyrightTheAuthors,2014.AllRightsReserved.

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ConferenceCommittee

ConferenceExecutiveGeertPoels,GhentUniversity,BelgiumJanDevos,GhentUniversity,BelgiumStevenDeHaes,UniversityofAntwerp&AntwerpManagementSchool,BelgiumMinitrackChairsGeertPoels,GhentUniversity,BelgiumJanDevos,GhentUniversity,BelgiumStevenDeHaes,UniversityofAntwerp&AntwerpManagementSchool,BelgiumDrElenaSerova,St.PetersburgStateUniversityofEconomics,RussiaDrGunillaMyreteg,UppsalaUniversity,SwedenCommitteeMembersTheconferenceprogrammecommitteeconsistsofkeypeopleintheinformationsystemscommunity.Thefollowingpeoplehaveconfirmedtheirparticipation:AdemolaAdesina(UniversityofWesternCape,SouthAfrica);AdetolaAdewojo(NationalOpenUniversityofNigeria,Nigeria);AbidemiAina (LagosStateUniversity,Nigeria);MariaAlaranta (CopenhagenBusinessSchool, ,Denmark);ProfMariaCeuAlves (UniversityofBeira Interior,Portugal);DrHusseinAlYaseen (AmmanUniversity, Jordan);ProfKarenAnderson (MidSwedenUniversity,Sweden,www.miun.se/cedif);Dr JoanBallantine (UniversityofUlster,UK);DrFrankBannister (TrinityCollegeDublin, Ireland);DrOferBarkai(SCE SamiShamoonCollegeofEngineering, Israel);DrDavidBarnes(WestminsterBusinessSchool,UniversityofWestminster,London,UK);PeterBednar(DepartmentofISCA,PortsmouthUniversity,UK);DrEgonBerghout (UniversityofGroningen, TheNetherlands);DrMilenaBobeva (BournemouthUniversity, Poole,UK);AnnBrown(CASSBusinessSchool,London,UK);DrGiovanniCamponovo(UniversityofAppliedSciencesofSouthernSwitzerland,Switzerland);DrMarianCarcary(NUIM,Ireland);ProfessorSvenCarlsson(SchoolofEconomicsandManagement,LundUniversity,Sweden);DrNoelCarroll (UniversityofLimerick, Ireland. , Ireland);DrWalterCastelnovo (UniversitdellInsubria,Como,Italy);ProfAnnaCavallo(UniversityofRome,"Sapienza",Italy);DrSunilChoenni(UniversityofTwenteandMinistryofJustice, The Netherlands); Dr Peter Clutterbuck (University of Queensland, Australia); Jacek Cypryjanski (University ofSzczecin,Poland);ProfRenataDameri(UniversityofGenoa,Italy);PaulDavies(UniversityofGlamorgan,UK);DrMigueldeCastroNeto(ISEGI,UniversidadeNovadeLisboa,,Portugal);GuillermodeHaro(InstitutodeEmpresa,Madrid,Spain);FrancoisDeltour(MinesdeNantesEngineeringSchool,France);DrJanDevos(GhentUniversity,Belgium,);ProfessorDrEduardoDiniz (EscoladeAdministracaodeEmpresasdeSaoPaulo,FundacaoGetulioVargas,Brazil);DrMariadoRosrioMartins(UniversidadeCapeVerde,Portugal);RomanoDyerson(RoyalHollowayUniversity,London,UK);DrAleaFairchild(VesaliusCollege/VrijeUnivBrussels,Belgium);DrElenaFerrari (Universityof Insubria,Como, Italy);JorgeFerreira (FacultyofSocialSciencesandHumanities/NovaUniversityofLisbon,Portugal);DrGrahamFletcher(CranfieldUniversity/DefenceAcademyoftheUK,UK);ElisabethFrisk (ChalmersUniversityofTechnology,Gteborg,Sweden);DrAndreasGadatsch(BonnRheinSiegUniversityofAppliedSciences,Germany);DrSayedMahdiGolestanHashemi(IranianResearchCenterforCreatology,TRIZ & Innovation Science, Iran); Professor Ken Grant (Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada); Professor Ginevra Gravili(FacoltaDiEconomia,lecce,Italy);DrPaulGriffiths(TheBirchmanGroup,Santiago,Chile);LoshmaGunisetti(SriVasaviEngineeringCollege,India);DrPetriHallikainen(UniversityofSydney,BusinessSchool,,Australia);CiaraHeavin(UniversityCollegeCork, Ireland);Dr JonasHedman (CopenhagenBusinessSchool,Denmark);Dr.VeredHolzmann (TelAvivUniversity /HolonInstituteofTechnology,Israel,);GrantRoydHoward(UniversityofSouthAfrica(UNISA),SouthAfrica,);BjrnJohansson (LundUniversity,Sweden);DrPaul Jones (UniversityofPlymouth,UK);ProfGhassankbar (RiyadhTechnoValley,KingSaudUniversity,SaudiArabia,);ProfessorRanjanKini(IndianaUniversityNorthwest,Gary,USA);LutzKirchner(BOCInformationTechnologiesConsultingGmbHVostr.22,Germany);ProfJesukKo(GwangjuUniversity,Korea);DrJuhaKontio(TurkuUniversityofAppliedSciences,Finland);Dr JussiKoskinen (Universityof Jyvaskyla,Finland);Prof.LuigiLavazza (UniversitdegliStudidell'Insubria, Italy);DrPrzemysawLech(UniversityofGdask,Poland);DrHaraldLothaller(UniversityofMusicandPerformingArtsGraz,Austria);ProfSamLubbe(NWU,SouthAfrica);PaoloMagrassi(PolytechniqueofMilan,Italy);PonnusamyManohar (UniversityofPapuaNewGuinea,PapuaNewGuinea);ProfNenadMarkovic (BelgradeBusinessSchool,Serbia); SteveMartin (Universityof East London,UK); ProfNicoMartins (Universityof SouthAfrica, SouthAfrica);MilosMaryska(UniversityofEconomics,Prague,CzechRepublic);JohnMcAvoy(UniversityCollegeCork,Ireland);ProfNorLailaMdNoor (Universiti TeknologiMARA,Malaysia);Dr AnnetteMills (University of Canterbury, Christchurch,New Zealand);DrMariaMitre(Universidaddeoviedo,Spain);DrMahmoudMoradi(UniversityofGuilan,Rasht, Iran);DrBalsamA.Mustafa(UniversityMalaysiaPahang(UMP),Malaysia);DrGunillaMyreteg(UppsalaUniversity,Sweden);DrTadghNagle(UniversityCollegeCork, Ireland);ProfMrioNegas(AbertaUniversity,Portugal);KarenNeville(UniversityCollegeCork, Ireland);EmilNumminen (Blekinge Institute of Technology, Sweden); Dr Brian O'Flaherty (University College Cork, Ireland); Dr TiagoOliveira (Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal); Dr Paidi O'Raghallaigh (University College Cork, Ireland); Prof PatriciaOrdezdePablos (TheUniversityofOviedo,Spain);DrRoslinaOthman (International IslamicUniversityMalaysia,KualaLumpur,Malaysia);IanOwens(CranfieldUniversity,Shrivenham,UK);Sevgizkan(MiddleEastTehcnicalUniversity,Ankara,

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Turkey);DrShaunPather(CapePeninsulaUniversityofTechnology,,SouthAfrica);KaleviPessi(ITUniversity,Gothenburg,Sweden);Dr.DaniloPiaggesi(FRAMERICAS,UnitedStates);EliasPimenidis(UniversityofEastLondon,UK);ZijadPita(RMITUniversity,Melbourne,Australia);DrCosminPopa(TheUniversityofAgriculturalSciencesandVeterinaryMedicine,Romania);NayemRahman(IntelCorporation,Aloha,,USA);HugoRehesaar(NSW,Sydney,Australia);DrMarcinRelich(UniversityofZielonaGora,Poland);Prof.JooManuelRibeirodaSilvaTavares(FaculdadedeEngenhariadaUniversidadedoPorto,Portugal);DrDimitrisRigas(DeMontfortUniversity,UK);ProfessorNarcyzRoztocki(StateUniversityofNewYorkatNewPaltz,USA);Prof.AbdelBadeehSalem(FacultyofComputerandInformationSciences,AinShamsUniversity,Cairo,Egypt);ProfessorHannu Salmela (Turku SchoolofEconomics andBusinessAdministration, Finland);David Sammon (UniversityCollegeCork,Ireland);ElsjeScott(UniversityofCapeTown,Rondebosch,SouthAfrica);DrElenaSerova(St.PetersburgStateUniversity of Economics and Finance., Russia);Dr Yilun Shang (SingaporeUniversity of Technology andDesign, Singapore);Dr.HosseinSharif(UniversityofPortsmouth,UK);GilbertSilvius(UtrechtUniversityofProfessionalEducation,TheNetherlands);DrRiccardoSpinelli(UniversitaDiGenova, Italy);Dr.DarijusStrasunskas(NorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Trondheim,Norway);ProfessorReima Suomi (Universityof Turku , Finland); Lars Svensson (UniversityWest, Trollhttan,Sweden);JarmoThkp(TurkuSchoolofEconomicsandBusinessAdministration,Finland);TorbenTambo(AarhusUniversity,Denmark,hih.au.dk);DrLlewellynTang(UniversityofNottinghamNingbo,China);SimHuiTee(MultimediaUniversity,Malaysia);DrClaudineToffolon(UniversitduMansIUTdeLaval,France);AlexandruTugui(AlexandruIoanCuzaUniversity,Iasi,Romania);DrGeertJanVanBussel(HvAUniversityofAppliedSciencesAmsterdam,TheNetherlands);DrAnnaWingkvist(SchoolofComputerScience,PhysicsandMathematics,LinnaeusUniversity,Sweden);DrLesWorrall(UniversityofCoventry,UK);ProfStanislawWrycza (UniversityofGdansk,Poland);TuanYu (KentBusinessSchool,UniversityofKent,Canterbury,UK);DrAtieh Zarabzadeh (UCD, Ireland); ProfQinglong Zhan (TianjinUniversityof Technology and Education,China);drRyszardZygala(WroclawUniversityofEconomics,Poland)

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Biographies

ConferenceChairGeertPoels isafullprofessorofManagement InformationSystems intheDepartmentofManagement InformationScienceandOperationsManagementof theFacultyofEconomicsandBusinessAdministrationofGhentUniversity.He isdirectorofthe InformationandKnowledgeManagementresearch groupwherehe supervises about tendoctoral students.Themain research linesof thisgroupare:businessprocessmanagement;enterprisemodeling,architecture,andengineering;servicescience;dataminingandbusiness intelligence.GeertPoelsholdsadoctoraldegree inappliedeconomic sciences from the KatholiekeUniversiteit Leuven.Hewas apostdoctoral fellowof theFundforScientificResearch,a lecturerattheformerVlekhoBusinessSchool inBrussels,andsince

2002hehasheldprofessorpositionsatGhentUniversity.Hehaspublishedwidelyininternationalacademicjournalsontopicslikedefinitionandvalidationofsoftwaremetrics,functionalsizemeasurementofsoftware,qualityinconceptualmodeling,andontologybased conceptualmodelingpatterns.His current research interestsare conceptualmodelingof servicesystemsandserviceorientedbusinessarchitecturemodeling.In2012hewaschairmanofthesixthInternationalIFIPConferenceonResearchandPracticalIssuesofEnterpriseInformationSystems(CONFENIS).

ProgrammeCoChairsJanDevos,PhD,iscurrentlyprofessorinInformationSystems,ITSecurityandITTrendsattheGhentUniversity.Heholdsamasterdegree inEngineering,ComputerScienceandAppliedMathematics(KatholiekeUniversiteitLeuven)andanMBA(VlerickLeuvenGentManagementSchool).HiscurrentresearchinterestsareITGovernanceinSMEs,IT/ISfailures,ITTrendsandITSecurity.Hehaspublished severalpeerreviewedarticleson ITandSMEsand isoftena speakerat internationalacademicandbusinessconferences.HewascoauthoroftheCobitQuickStartmethodologyandeditorofarecentcontributedvolumeonITandSMEs.JanDevosisamemberofACM,AIS,andiscochairandcountryrepresentative(Belgium)forIFIPTC8.

StevenDeHaes,PhD, isAssociateProfessorInformationSystemsManagementattheUniversityofAntwerp&AntwerpManagementSchool.Heisactivelyengagedinteachingandappliedresearchinthedomainsof ITGovernance&Management, IT Strategy&Alignment, ITValue&PerformanceManagement,ITAssurance&AuditandInformationRisk&Security.Heteachesatbachelor,masterandexecutive levelandactsasAcademicDirectorfortheExecutiveMasterofITGovernance&Assurance,theExecutiveMasterofEnterpriseITArchitectureandtheMasterinManagement.Hisresearch has been published in international peerreviewed journals he coauthored and/or editedseveral books. He is coeditorinchief of the International Journal on IT/Business Alignment and

GovernanceandactsasAcademicDirectoroftheITAlignmentandGovernance(ITAG)ResearchInstitute.

KeynoteSpeakerHansVanDerHeijdenisaProfessorofAccountingattheUniversityofSussex.HeholdsaPh.D.inBusinessManagement from ErasmusUniversity Rotterdam, and have previouslyworked in theNetherlands,Denmark,IrelandandtheUK.BeforehisacademiccareerheworkedasaconsultantforaBig4accountancyfirm,specialisinginaccountingandinformationsystems.HeisSAPcertified(TERP10).Hanssresearchinterestsareattheintersectionofaccountingandinformationsystems.Inparticularhestudiesthedesignandpresentationofcomplexenterprisedataforbetterdecisionmaking.Hedevelopstailormadesoftwareprototypesforthispurpose,whichcollectsandenhancethedatastoredinlargecomplexenterprisesystemssuchasSAPandSage.Hehasbeenamemberof,andanadvisorto,severalprofessorialselectioncommittees intheUK, Ireland,andFinlandand iscurrentlyanexternalexamineratManchesterBusinessSchool.

MiniTrackChairsElenaSerova isanAssociateProfessorandworksatthe InternationalSchoolofEconomicsandPolitics,HighEconomicsSchool,MarketingDept.St.PetersburgStateUniversityofEconomics.Her rolecombines teachingand researchandher current research interestsare related to InformationSystems, InformationManagement, InformationandCommunicationTechnologies,MarketingandBusinessModels.Shehascoauthoredabookandcontributedchapterstoseveralbooksandcollectionsofessays,she isaregularkeypresenteratnationaland internationalconferencesandworkshops.AsaresearchactiveacademicwithanumberofPhDStudentsunderhersupervision,ElenaisfocusingonComplex InformationSystemsModelling,Marketing InformationSystems,andBusinessModels ina

GlobalEnvironment.

ScoringModelofInformationSystemsSustainability

ElenaSerova1andMikhailKrichevsky21St.PetersburgStateUniversityofEconomics,St.Petersburg,Russia2St.PetersburgStateUniversityofAerospaceInstrumentation,St.Petersburg,[email protected]@mail.ruAbstract: Thispaperdealswith the issuesofRussian and international researches in the fieldofdesignof sustainableinformation architecture ofmanagement systems in the context of spatial economics. It is theoretical and empiricalresearchinequalmeasure.Researchmethodologyismethodsandproceduresofmodeling.Themainpurposeofthispaperis consideration the features of application of contemporary intelligent information technologies and systems forspatiotemporal analysis. The paper is devoted to the study of issues of stability of architecture of spatial informationsystem.Nowmodernintelligentmethodsandtechnologiesareessentialcomponentsfordevelopingmanagementdecisionprocessthatwillenablecompaniestosucceedinarapidlychangingenvironment.Thelatestachievementsinthefieldofintelligenttechnologiesineconomyandmanagement,includingthemethodsandtoolsofagentbasedmodelingandsoftcomputing are the key factors in improving organizational performance and increasing its competitiveness. Fuzzytechnologiesastechnologiesofartificial intelligencearehavingasignificant influenceon informationsystems(IS)designandanalysis.AtthesametimeISsustainabilityisnowoneofthekeydriversofbusinesssuccess.Originalcontributionofthework is based on the applying of intelligent information technologies andmodernmodelingmethods for creatingscoringmodelofISsustainability.ThepaperalsocontainstheoreticalfoundationsofinformationsystemsarchitectureandthebriefoverviewofspatialsciencesdevelopmentinRussia.Keywords:sustainabilityofinformationsystems,softcomputing,Fuzzylogicmethods,scoringmodel

1. IntroductionInRussiatodaytheuseofadvancedinformationtechnologiesineconomyandmanagementisakeyfactorinimprovingorganizationalperformanceand increasingcompetitiveness.Distinctive featuresof thesuccessfulcompaniesaresustainablebusinessmodel, innovation,adaptability,andadeepunderstandingofconsumerpreferences.80%ofRussianexecutivesbelieve that information communication technologiesareplayingadominant role in the use of innovative business models and strategic goals realization. Informationcommunication technologies (ICT) can reduce operating costs and increase profitability. Influenced byinformationtechnologiestheactivitiesofthecompany'sbasicdepartments(marketing,sales,andfinance)arechanging.Thisisduetothemoreefficientaccumulationandanalysisinformation.ICTcangoverntheabilityofcompanies togenerate the sustainablebusinessmodels (Chesbroug,2003,2006;OsterwalderandPigneur,2010;Serova,2013a).Inindustrialcountriesthequestionsofselectionandapplicationofmoderninformationsystemsandtechnologiesforstrategicbusinessobjectivesandmarketneedsareinthespotlight.Atthesametimespatialscience,asanareaofinterdisciplinaryscientificresearch,hasbecomeespeciallypopularinthelastdecades.Attentionofmanyscientists,includingresearchersinthefieldofspatialsciences,inparticular,spatialeconomics, more and more focuses on the study of such important elements in formation of spatialrelationships,asinformationinfrastructureandarchitectureofspatialinformationsystems.At present intelligent information systems and technologies are evolving actively. These technologies andsystemsarebasedlargelynotontangible,butoninformationandcommunicationresourcesthatbelongtotheclass of synergistic resources. The class of intelligent information technologies (IIT) and systems, includingmultiagentsystems(MAS),neuralnetwork(NN),andfussylogic(FL)continuestoimprove(Serova,2013c).IITaredevelopedrapidlyoverthepasttenyearsandtheyallowcreatingmodelsofinteractionbetweendifferentkinds of spaces. Simultaneously IS sustainability is now one of the key drivers of business success. Papercontainsthebriefreviewandcomparisonofsoftcomputingmethodsandtechniques,and it focusesonthevariousintelligentmodelingmethodsthatareemployedinevaluationofsustainabilityofinformationsystemsarchitectureinmanagementandeconomy.Thepaperdescribesthemainfeaturesofsoftcomputing,discussesitsimplementationfordesignofsustainableinformationsystems,andconsiderstheroleoffuzzylogicmethodand using scoringmodel of IS sustainability. It does so from research base that draws from theoreticalunderpinningsaswellasinternationalanddomesticindustrypractices.

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mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

ElenaSerovaandMikhailKrichevsky

2. Theoreticalbackground

2.1 InformationsystemarchitectureVarietyofinformationsystemsapplicationsforsolvingproblemsinmanagementandeconomicshasledtotherequirementofusingof informationprocessesand technologies togetherwith systemsapproachbasedoninformationsystemsarchitecture.Whenitcomestowhatactuallyismeantbytheterm"informationsystemarchitecture",thereisnotusuallylackofdefinitions.Forexample,thereareafewtensofsystemarchitecturedefinitionsonthesiteofSoftwareEngineeringInstitute(SEI,2014).Herearesomeofthem:

Thearchitectureofasystemisanabstractionofthesystemgivingthesemanticsandspecificationforthepatternsofinformationcontentandcontext.

System architecture defines the physical, logical and information elements of the systemwhich cometogethertorealisearequiredsetoffunctionality

Architecture is the identification of different building blocks of the system according to theirresponsibilities,externalpropertiesoftheseblocksandtheirinterrelationships.

Architecturetheorganizationalstructureofasystem

Architecturedefinesthedata,processes,andcomponentsthatmakeuptheoverall informationsystem,and provides a plan from which products can be procuredand systems developedthat will worktogether to implement business solutions. Simply put, architecture provides the direction to maketechnologyworkforthebusiness.

Architecture is defined by the recommended practice as the fundamental organization of a system,embodied in itscomponents, their relationships toeachotherand theenvironment,and theprinciplesgoverningitsdesignandevolution.

Architecture ofmanagement information system can be considered as a concept, which determines themodel, the structure, functions and components relationship.The term "Enterprise architecture" is usuallyused concerningorganizationsandas shown inFigure1, thenextmain typesofarchitecturesareassigned(Sovetovetal,2012):

Businessarchitecture,

Informationtechnologiesarchitecture,

Dataarchitecture,

ApplicationarchitectureorSoftwarearchitecture,and

Hardwarearchitecture.

Figure1:Informationsystemarchitecture

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Typically, informationsystemsare focusedon theuseandsatisfactionofcustomersneedswithinaspecificsubject area. As examples of information systems application for solving problems in economics andmanagementcanbespecifiedthefollowing:

Enterprisemanagementinformationsystems,

Tradinginformationsystems,

Marketinginformationsystems,

Geographicinformationsystems,

Healthcareinformationsystems,etc.

Sustainability of architecture of information system is determined by the stability of its structure, stateparameters, and the most important is the stability of the current processes of its functioning anddevelopment.Adaptabilityofinformationsystemfirstofallmeansitsflexibilityandpropertyofadjustingitselfundervaryingchanges.Adaptivearchitectureofinformationsystemisamethodologytocreateamoreflexibleandrational,customizablearchitecturethatallowsorganizationsofanysizetoreactpromptlytomarketandinformationflowchanges.Designofsustainableandadaptiveinformationarchitectureofinformationsystemsispossiblebasedontheapplyingofsuch intelligence informationtechnologiesasneuralnetworksandfuzzylogic.The group ofmodern enterprisemanagement systems, in the first place, includes Enterprise InformationSystems (EIS) systems using various information technologies. EISs serve for data processing of differentinformationflowsonthedifferentmanagementlevels.Itshouldbenotedthatthereisnogenerallyacceptedclassification,butasarule,thestrategiclevelsystemsincludeanalyticalretrievalsystemstechnologybasedDataMining,expertinformationsystems(EIS),ExecutiveSupport Systems (ESS), and Decision Support Systems (DSS). IS of themiddlemanagement level includeKnowledgeManagementSystems(KMS)andManagementInformationSystems(MIS).TransactionProcessingSystemsandOfficeAutomationSystemsareusedontheoperationlevelofmanagement(Pearlsonetal,2006;Raineretal,2006;Kazantsevetal,2007;Turbanetal,2008;Serova,2012b).Todayinthepublicationsonthetopicofbusinessefficiencyandcompetitivenessofenterprises,manynamesandacronymsarementioned,such as Product Lifecycle Management (PLM), Supplier Relation Management (SCM), Customer RelationManagement (CRM) (Payne, 2006), and ERP. These names come after the concepts and managementtechniquesusedbysuccessfulcompanies.InterestinthemisgrowinginRussia.LeadersofRussiancompaniesare increasinglyturningtotheexperienceoftheuseofsolutionsthathelp integratethepeople, informationand business processes to effectivelymanage all areas of business. The term ERP Enterprise ResourcePlanning, isoneofthekey issues inthisseriesofcurrentconcepts.AccordingtoSerova (2012b),therecenttrends in the development of enterprise information systems are associated with the intention to useinformation generatedwithin the company, in theexternalenvironment toensure cooperationwithotherenterprises, customers and partners. Today we should take into account the new concept of EnterpriseInformation System: the emphasis is placed on the EISwhich is opened for the all partners operating incommonbusinessinterestsinsteadofontraditionalinternalbusinessprocessmanagementoptimization.Thisconceptincludesfivenewtendencies(Serova,2012b):

Change the role of ERP system. Automation the internal business processes as well as external,counteragentrelationships:customers,suppliers,banks,taxauthorities;

Thesystemtechnologiesmovetowardsanopennessandtransparency. Internalprocessesarebecomingmoreopen. Information anddata about activityof an enterprise canbe available forbusiness societymember.UseofWebtechnologies.

Structural changes of system architecture. Instead of closed monolithic platform open multilevelapplicationsbuiltonconceptsofserviceorientedarchitecture(SOA).UseESOA;

Expansionofsystemimplementation.Adaptationforenterprisesofdifferentkindsandsizes;

Deepenthesystemfunctionality.Allenterprisebusinessprocessesshouldbeautomated;

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2.2 BriefhistoryandtheoryoftheeconomicspaceThedefinitionandconceptualframeworkoftheSpatialSciencesarestillinthestageofdiscussionanddebate.Several scientific schools of spatial economicswere founded in Russia: in St. Petersburg andMoscow, FarEasternschool,Siberianschool,andtheUralschool.TheEconomicResearchInstituteoftheRussianAcademyofSciences(RAS),withthesupportoftheScientificCouncilforRegionalDevelopmentattheRASPresidium,has been publishing the academic journal Spatial Economics since 2005. RASs research programFundamentalProblemsofSpatialDevelopmentoftheRussianFederation:anInterdisciplinarySynthesiswasstartedin2009.In accordancewith the basic hypothesis of the program, spatial science is defined as an interdisciplinaryscientificdirection,andobjectsof researchare formsandprocessesofamodern society,whichare spacedependent(Granberg,2009).Threestatementsareofferedasaconceptualbasis.Theyrelatedtothespatial,regionalandinternationalaspects.In theother countries the attentionof thepublic to scientific research in the areaof spatial sciences andspatialdevelopmentisalsogrowing.JournalofSpatialSciencehasbeingpublishedinAustralia(informationavailablefromthewebsite:MSIAmappingscienceinstitute,2012).Famous international publisher Springer has producedmore than 40 volumes of the series Advances inSpatial Science (informationavailable from thewebsite: Springer,2013).U.S.National Science Foundation(NSF) has approved a strategic plan for research in 20082012 entitled Geography Spatial Sciences(informationavailablefromthewebsiteNSFNationalScienceFoundation,2013).Great importance,both inRussiaand intheothercountries, isgiventothedevelopmentofglobal,regionaland national spatial data infrastructure. The most important initiatives in this direction are the existinginternationalprograms: InfrastructureforSpatial Information inEurope,NationalSpatialData Infrastructure,Global SpatialData Infrastructure, andGlobalMonitoring forEnvironment and Security.What is importantconcerning Russia is, that the general architecture has created and themain components of the Russiansegment of the information infrastructure and its integration into the world system have defined(Krasnopolskii,2010).Theconceptandtheoryoftheeconomicspacewasformedincompliancewithgeographic,geopolitical,andregionalconcepts.Andnowaneconomicspace isconsidered intheframeworkofconceptsofglobalization,industrial spatial clusters, cumulative causation, high information technologies and network. Analysis ofpoints of view on the economic space can be divided into four approaches to the study of this category:territorial,resources,informationandprocess(Bagievetal,2012).

3. Intelligenceinformationtechnologiesforarchitecturaldesignofspatialinformationsystems

The increasing demand for optimization of architecture of spatial information systems has caused leadingmodelerstoconsiderintellectualinformationtechnologiesandcomputermodelinginordertoobtaindeeperinsightsintocomplexandinterdependentprocesses.Modernmodelingtoolsshouldfacilitatemutualunderstandingatdifferentorganizationallevelswhenmakingstrategicmanagement decisions thus bridging the gaps between a strategic vision and its implementation(Pidd,2004).Oneapproachinvolvesmultiagentsystems(MAS)which,asaclass,havedevelopedrapidlyoverthe last decade. The advantage of amultiagent approach relates to the economicmechanisms of selforganization and evolution that become powerful efficiency drivers and contribute to enterprisesdevelopmentandprosperity.Newintellectualdataanalysiscanbecreated,throughMASwhichisopen,aimedat flexibly adaptive problems solving, and deeply integrated in decision support systems (Serova, 2012a).Modernbusinessmodelingtoolsusespecialsoftware,programminglanguagesandsystemstodevelopmodelsofbusinessprocesses,relationsbetweenpeopleandareasforoptimizationintheorganizationalstructureasawhole.Buildingasustainableandadaptivearchitectureofspatialinformationsystemsispossibleonbasedoftheapplyingofmodernmodelingmethodsandtechnologies.

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Themajorapproaches(ormethods)insimulationforbusinessare:SystemDynamics(SD),DiscreteEvent(DE)andAgentBased(AB).WhileSDandDEaretraditionalapproaches,ABisrelativelynew.ComparedtoSDorDEmodels,ABmodelsdonotallow thedefinitionofglobalsystembehaviour (dynamics); instead, themodelerdefines behaviour at individual level, and global behaviour emerges as a result of the actions ofmultipleactors,eachfollowingitsownbehaviourrules,livingtogetherinsomeenvironmentandcommunicatingwitheachotherandwiththeenvironment(Borshchev,Filipov,2004;Serova,2013c).MultiAgentSystemsasasystemofdistributedartificialintelligence,integratedintotheinformationstructureofthecompany,maybeconsideredasaneffectivetoolforspatiotemporalanalysisofmarketinginformationresourcesandcreatingofarchitectureofspatialmarketing informationsystem.With theusingAgentBasedModelingwecanobtainandanalysegeospatialdata,createmodels,linkedtogeographiccoordinatesandtodevelop of geoinformation architecture of complex marketing systems. MultiAgent systems and agentorientedprogrammingrepresentastepforwardfromobjectorientedprogramming (OOP)and integratethelatestadvancesintheareasofartificialintelligence,parallelcomputing,andtelecommunications.AnyMASconsistsofthefollowingcomponents:

Asetoforganizationalunitswithasubsetofagentsandobjects;

Asetoftasks;

Abusinessecosystemsaspacewhereagentsandobjectsexist;

Asetofrelationsbetweenagents;

Asetofagentactions(operationsonobjects).

Intellectualagentshave themost comprehensive setofqualities; their intellectual capacityallows them tobuildvirtualworldswheretheyformactionplans.Minimumsetofbasiccharacteristicsforanyagentincludesqualitiessuchasactivity,autonomy,adaptability,andreactivity.Assystemsofdistributedartificialintelligence,MultiagentSystemshavethefollowingadvantageswhichcanbesuccessfullyuseformarketingspatialresearch(Serova,2013):

Theyspeeduptaskfulfilmentthroughparallelismandreducethevolumeofdatatransmittedbypassinghighlevelpartialsolutionstootheragents;

Theyareflexiblesinceagentsofvariouscapacitiesareusedtocarryoutataskdynamicallycooperatively;

Theyarereliablegiventhatfunctionsthatoneagentisunabletocarryoutwillbepassedtootheragents.

Agenttechnologiesusuallyinvolvetheuseofcertaintypologiesofagents,theirmodelsandMASarchitectures.Thesetechnologiesarebasedonappropriateagentlibrariesandtoolswhichserveforsupportdevelopmentofdifferenttypesmultiagentsystems.Applyingmultiagent systems inorder todesign information architectureofmarketing spatial systems canconsistinthefollowing(Serova,2013c):

Tosimulateandforecastclientsbehaviour,bothadoptedandpotentialones;

Tocoordinatedealersandremotedivisionsbasedonmultiagentsystem;

ToautomateandimprovethecustomersupportprocesswithintheCRMconcept;

Tostoreknowledgeandskillsofmarketingandsalesspecialistsintherelevantagentsdatabases;

TodevelopanintegratedmultiagentInternetportalforagentstokeepuserspersonalcontents;

Tocreateasearchagentstomonitoroutsideinformation;

Toorganizeadistancelearningportal.

3.1 FuzzylogicmethodfordesignofsustainablearchitectureofinformationsystemsDesignofsustainableandadaptive informationarchitectureofspatial informationsystems ispossiblebasedon the applying of such intelligence information technologies as neural networks and fuzzy logic. Neuralnetworks and fuzzy logic are methods related to Soft Computing (SC). Applying the information andcommunication technologies,which are used in Soft Computing, allows achieving the quantitative results,

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which is very important formanager tomake a decision. Fuzzy set (FS)was introduced by LotfiA. Zadeh(Zadeh,1994)asameansof representingdata thatwasneitherprecisenorcomplete.Thereare twomaincharacteristicsof fuzzy systems thatgivebetterperformance for specificapplications: the first is that fuzzysystemsaresuitableforuncertainorapproximatereasoningandthesecondisthatfuzzylogicallowsproblemsolving and decisionmaking on the basis of incomplete or uncertain information. Fuzzy technologies astechnologiesofartificialintelligencearenowhavingasignificantinfluenceoninformationsystemsdesignandanalysis(Kecman,2001;Krichevskii,2005;McNelis,2005).Soft computing techniques are meant to operate in an environment that is subject to uncertainty andimprecision.AccordingtoZadeh(Zadeh,1994),theguidingprincipleofsoftcomputingis:exploitthetoleranceforimprecision,uncertainty,partialtruth,andapproximationtoachievetractability,robustness,lowsolutioncostandbetterrapportwithreality.Fuzzytechnologiesastechnologiesofartificialintelligencearenowhavingasignificant influenceon informationsystemsdesignandanalysis.Atthesame time ISsustainability isnowoneofthekeydriversofbusinesssuccess.Ontheapplication levelfuzzy logiccanbeconsideredasefficienttool forembedding structuredhumanknowledge intousefulalgorithms.Mathematicalmodels simplifyandconceptualizeevents innatureandhumanactivitiesbyemployingvarioustypesofequationswhichmustbesolved.However,theuseofmathematicalmodelsgivesrisetothequestionhowaccuratetheyreflectreality.Incomplicatedcases thecreatingofsuchmodelsmightbe impossible.Fuzzymodelswillbecomemoreandmorepopularassolutionschemes,anditwillmakefuzzysystemstheoryaroutineasopposedtoitspreviousstatus as a new, but curious technology. Fuzzy logicmodels employ fuzzy sets to handle and describeimpreciseandcomplexphenomenaanduselogicoperationstofindasolution.Thegoalofcontrolprocessinmanagement is making the decision. It might be also suggestion, instruction, conclusion, evaluation,forecasting.AblockdiagramofFuzzylogicmodelisrepresentedinFigure2.

Figure2:BlockdiagramofFLmodelcreating

4. CreatingmodelofassessmentofISsustainabilityThissectionofthepaper isdevotedtothecreationofFLmodelwiththepurposeofassessmentofproductdiffusion system sustainability. Potential Adopters become Adopters at Adoption Rate that depends onadvertisingandwordofmouthpromotion.Thefigure3showsthefuzzyinferencesystem(FIS)forthreeinputvariablesandoneoutputparameter.ThisFISisdestinedfortheassessmentoftheISsustainability.Theinputparameters are advertisement (ad), contact rate (cr), number of potential adopters (npa). Three selectedattributesare includedas inputdata toa fuzzy inference system.Theoutputparameterdetermines the ISsustainabilityastheadoptionfraction(af).Thecontrolobjectiveistofindtheoutputvalueforaparticularsetof input variables. Each of input parameters is the linguistic variablewith three terms: low,middle, big.Membership functions characterize the fuzziness in a fuzzy set in a graphical form for eventualuse in themathematical formalisms of fuzzy set theory. The Figure 4 gives the information about themembershipfunctionsfortheinputandoutputvariables.AllcalculationswereperformedinMATLABv.7.01.

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Figure3:Fuzzyinferencesystem(FIS)

ThenextstepisdefinitionoftheFISrules.Thenumberoftherulesistheproductofthenumberoftermsineach input variable: 3*3*2 = 18. After forming bases of rules FIS gives the values of IS sustainability asconditionalunits.We finallygetacrispvalueof theoutputwhich represents thevaluesof ISsustainability.Figure4displaysthevalueofsustainabilityequal0.12forgivensetofinputvariables:ad=6.8;cr=26.1;nap=11.The fuzzy approach for assessmentof IS sustainabilitywas supplementedby the regressionequation inconclusion.InthefirststepallinputvariablesweremodeledbyMonteCarlomethod.InthesecondstepthemodeledinputswereintroducedintotheFISandthevaluesofISsustainabilitywereformedasoutputsoftheFIS.

Figure4:Membershipfunctionsfortheinputandoutputvariables

Table1containsthemodeledinputsandthevaluesofISsustainabilitycalculatedbyFIS(thefourthcolumn).

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Table1:Themodeledinputsandcalculatedoutputs

In the third step the regression equationwas derivedwith theuse the first four columns of Table 1. Theregressionequationisoftheform

Y=0.085+0.046*X10.01*X2+0.33*X3,where X1, X2, X3 are advertisement, contact rate, number potential adopter; Y numerical value of ISsustainability.ThelastcolumnofTable1containsthevalueofISsustainabilitywhichiscalculatedbytheregressionequation.ThecomparisonofthevaluesofISsustainabilitycalculatedbyFIS(thefourthcolumnofthetable1)andtheregressionequation (the fifthcolumn)shows theirsimilarities.Thus thederived regressionequationcanbeusedtoassessthenumericalvalueofISsustainability.

5. ConclusionAtpresenttheuseofthelatestachievementsinthefieldofInformationCommunicationTechnologies(ICT)ineconomyandmanagement, includingthecontemporarymethodsandtoolsofcomputermodeling isoneofthe key factors in improving organizational performance and increasing its competitiveness. Formation ofarchitecture of spatial systems is determined by the problem increased use of spatial information insustainabledevelopmentoftheterritoriesandisoneoftheperspectiveareasofresearchinthefieldofspatialinformationsystems.Theoreticalandempiricalresearchesprovethatspatiotemporalanalysisofdatacanbeperformed through applying of contemporary intelligent information technologies with usingmultiagentsystems as systems of distributed artificial intelligence. Architecture of spatial information system can beconsideredasaconcept,whichdeterminesthemodel,thestructure,functionsandcomponentsrelationship.Building a sustainable architecture ofmanagement information systems, includingmarketing informationsystem,ispossiblewiththeuseofsoftcomputingmethods,suchasfuzzylogic.

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