process control report

7/26/2019 Process Control Report

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In systems involving heat transfer, a condenser is a device or unit used to condense a

substance from its gaseous to its liquid state, by cooling it. In so doing, the latent heat is

given up by the substance, and will transfer to the condenser coolant. Condensers are

typically heat exchangers which have various designs and come in many sizes ranging from

rather small (hand-held to very large industrial-scale units used in plant processes. !or

example, a refrigerator uses a condenser to get rid of heat extracted from the interior of the

unit to the outside air. Condensers are used in air conditioning, industrial chemical processes

such as distillation, steam power plants and other heat-exchange systems. "se of cooling

water or surrounding air as the coolant is common in many condensers.

#o, the overall transfer function of cooling process is

$

$

%here & is the time constant , $ '.)s


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*.+.+. lot of open loop response

Set point -15.00Steady State -15.00

Ofset 0Rise Time No rise timeResponse The system is overdamped because the

roots are equal


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*.+.*. escription of the response

*.+.. /esponse with set point change


Ofset 0Rise Time No rise timeResponse The system is critically damped

because the roots are real and equal


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Ofset 0Rise Time No rise timeResponse The system is overdamped because

because the roots are equal

Tuned - Red

Minimum - Blue

Maximum - Green

2.2 Prediction of closed loop response for various controllers

2.2.1 Proportional controller (P).

2.2.1.1 Response for different value of Kc.


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i!ure 2.2.1" T#e !rap# of P controller $it# t#ree different values of Kc.

Ta%le 2.2.1" T#e value of proportional controller (P) for different value of Kc

0inimum value 12-3 4uned 5alue 0aximum value

6c value *.'77 8.' 9.:77

escription of response underdamped underdamped underdamped

;scillation yes yes yes

#tability stable stable stable

/ise 4ime (second +.)7: '.7*+ '.9:8)

#teady #tate('C -9.))* -.'+:+ -.99

/esponse 4ime


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4he overshoot is calculated and the value is -+.'77 'C. 4he graph has an offset value of

-+.787 'C. ;verall, the system is stable. If the control system with the minimum 6c value

*.'77 used, the graph shows underdamped behavior. 4his graph shows a mild oscillation. 4he

graph overall, is stable. 4he graph shows rise time of +.)7: seconds and the response time is

7.97 seconds. 4he overshoot calculated for the minimum 6c is -'.:9' 'C. 4he graph has

offset with the value of -.**9 'C. 4he overall graph is stable. If the 6c put to maximum

value of 9.:77, the graph shows the same behavior as the previous 6c>s, which is an

underdamped shape. 4his graph undergoes heavy oscillation in the system. 4he rise time

shows '.9:8) seconds and the response time is +7).7' seconds. 4he overshoot value for

this control system is -+.:*8 'C. 4he graph has offset value of -+.++8 'C. 4he decay ratio

for minimum, tuned and maximum 6c variation shows a value of '.+)', +.'+8 and *.*:

in order.

?fter a comparison is done it is concluded that minimum value of the 6c shows abetter control system. 4he graph of minimum 6c oscillates with the lowest pea@ values of

temperature that help in the cooling process and tends to end faster as it reaches its steady

state faster that the 2-3 tuned 6c value and the maximum value of 6c. 4his is further proven

as the response time is very fast. 4his means it can save a lot of time and energy supplied to

run the system.

Aence, in conclusion for the varying 6c temperature deviation system, the system that uses

the minimum 6c value is the most efficient control system.

2.2.2 Proportional-&nte!ral controller (P&)


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2.2.2.1 Response of closed loop s'stem usin! P& controller for variation of Kc.

i!ure 2.2.2.1" Grap# of P& controller for different value of Kc

Ta%le 2.2.2.1" T#e value of P& controller for different value of


value +.'8* .98* 8.*8*

escription of

/esponse

"nderdamped "nderdamped "nderdamped

;scillation Bes Bes Bes

#tability #table #table #table

/ise 4ime(s *.77') '.7+99 '.*)

#teady #tate ('C -+'.''' -+'.''' -+'.'''

/espond

time


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graph, is stable. 4he graph shows rise time of *.77') seconds and the response time is

89.''9 seconds. 4he overshoot calculated for the minimum 6c is '.' 'C. 4he graph has

offset with the value of ' 'C. 4he overall graph is stable. If the 6c put to maximum value of

8.*8*, the graph also shows the same behavior as the previous 6c>s, which is an

underdamped shape. 4his graph undergoes heavy oscillation in the system. 4he rise time

shows '.*) seconds and the response time is +78.)'79 seconds. 4he overshoot value for

this control system is -+.+:8' 'C. 4he graph has offset value of ' 'C.

?fter a comparison is done it is concluded that again the minimum value of

the 6c shows better control system compared to the system with maximum and tuned 6c

value. 4he graph of minimum 6c oscillates with the lowest pea@ values of temperature that

help in the cooling process and tends to end faster as it reaches its steady state faster that the

2-3 tuned 6c value and the maximum value of 6c. 4his is further proven as the response

time is very fast and the overshoot is very small. 4his means it can save a lot of time and

energy supplied to run the system.

Aence, in conclusion for the varying 6c temperature deviation system, the system

that uses the minimum 6c value is the most efficient control system.

I C;34/;D/ with constant and varies


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i!ure 2.2.2.2" Grap# of P& controller for constant value of Kc and varies

Ta%le 2.2.2.2E 4he value of I controller with constant and varies


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minimum tuned maximum

value +.'8* +.'8* +.'8*

value '.' '.9'' '.**'

I value +.*8+ *.)* .*++

escription of

/esponse


;scillation Bes Bes Bes#tability #table #table #table

/ise 4ime(s +.7))+ .'+7 3o rise time

/esponse time (s 8.*++' ++8.98' +7'.87'

;vershoot -'.8 -'.'*97: '.''+

;ffset '.'''* -'.''8 '.''9:

#teady #tate 5alue -+'.'''* -7.77:* -+'.''9:

ecay /atio '.*8 '.''') '.'''


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4able above show the response of process control with differences value. 4he

value for minimum is '.', maximum value is '.**' and tune value is '.9''.

4here are stable, underdamped response with less oscillation for tuned and maximum

value and there is also more oscillation for minimum value. 4he rise time for minimum

value is +.7))+s. 4he highest rise time is .'+7s for tuned value and there is no rise time

for maximum value. 4he response time for minimum, maximum and tune value is

8.*++'s, +7'.87's and ++8.98's. 4he steady state value for minimum value is

-+'.'''*.4he steady state for maximum and tune value are -+'.''9: and -7.77:*,

respectively. 4he offsets for maximum, tune, and minimum values are '.''9:, -'.''8 and

'.'''* respectively. 4he overshoot for minimum value is -'.8, tuned value is

-'.'*97: and maximum value is '.''+.

2.2. Proportional-erivative controller (P)

2.2..1 Response of closed loop s'stem usin! P controller for variation of Kc.


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i!ure 2.2..1" Grap# of P controller for different value of Kc

Ta%le 2.2..1" T#e value of P controller for different value of


6c value 8.89' 9.89' ).89'



#tability stable stable stable

/ise 4ime (second '.79 '.)++8 '.97+

#teady #tate('C -.+9 -.9:7) -.*'7

/esponse 4ime


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overshoot value for this control system is -'.7'* 'C. 4he graph has offset value of -+.+)7+

'C.

?fter a comparison is done it is concluded that again the minimum value of

the 6c shows better control system compared to the system with maximum and tuned 6c

value. 4he graph of minimum 6c oscillates with the lowest pea@ values of temperature that

help in the cooling process and tends to end faster as it reaches its steady state faster that the

2-3 tuned 6c value and the maximum value of 6c. 4his is further proven as the response

time is very fast and the overshoot is very small. 4his means it can save a lot of time and

energy supplied to run the system.

Aence, in conclusion for the varying 6c temperature deviation system, the system

that uses the minimum 6c value is the most efficient control system.


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2.2.* Proportional-&nte!ral-erivative controller (P&)

2.2.*.1 Response of closed loop s'stem usin! P& controller for variation of Kc.

+

i!ure 2.2.*.1E Fraph of I controller for different value of 6c

Ta%le 2.2.*.1E 4he value of I controller for different value of

i!ure *.2.2.1E Fraph of I controller for different value of .


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Ta%le *.2.2.1E 4he value of I controller for different value of


value +.8:9 8.8:9 ).''+9

escription of

/esponse


;scillation Bes Bes Bes

#tability #table #table #table

/ise 4ime(s +.8)9: '.)9'7 '.9'8

/esponse time (s *:.'78+ 88.8'' +7.+*88

;vershoot -'.8*8 -+.'8 -+.*:*

;ffset -'.''' -'.'''8 '.'''

#teady #tate 5alue -7.777) -7.7779 -+'.'''

ecay /atio '.**) +.+''' +.:+

!igure shows the curves for different values. 4he curve with green color is

the result for minimum value, +.8:9. 4he red curve is the tune value, 8.8:9. 4he

maximum value is ).''+9 and shown by the blue curve. 4he response for this three

different values are underdamped and stable. /ise time for minimum and maximum

value is +.8)9:s and '.9'8s, respectively. /ise time for tune value is '.)9'7s. 4he

response time for maximum value is the highest, which is +7.+*88s. !ollowed by the

tuned value with 88.8'' and minimum value to be *:.'78+s. 4he overshoot for

tuned value is -+.'8. 4he overshoot is for maximum 6cvalue with -+.*:* and the


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minimum value with -'.8*8. 4he offset for minimum, maximum and tune value are

-'.''', '.''' and -'.'''8. Increasing of value will causes the oscillation to formed.

I 4i 5aries with constant 6c


6c 5alue +.8:9 +.8:9 +.8:9

value +.+*:' +.)*:' *.:*:'

I value +.98': +.'977 '.)'7



#tability stable stable stable/ise 4ime (second +.)7: +.8)) +.+7


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#teady #tate('C -.+9 -.9:7) -+'.'''+

/esponse 4ime


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4he graph above shows the response in I controller for different values of . 4he

tune value of is '.8+*. 4he response is in critically damped shape. 4his graph has less

oscillation. 4he rise time is +.8)7 seconds and the response time is *).+*87 seconds.

;vershoot for this graph is -'.89(C while the offset is -'.''7*(C. !or minimum

value which is '.7:,it is also critically damped and has a rise time of +.8*7 seconds which

is the earliest among the three values. 4he response time is 7.*878 seconds. !or maximum

value which is +.*+*, the graph has little oscillation. 4he rise time is +.):99 seconds and

the response time is +:.9)) seconds. ;vershoot for this graph is -'.*89+C and the offset

is '.''**C.


value +.8:9 +.8:9 +.8:9

value '.7: '.8+* +.*+*

value '.)*9* '.)7: *.*)*

escription of

/esponse

Critically damped Critically damped Critically damped

;scillation Bes Bes Bes#tability #table #table #table

/ise 4ime(s +.8*7' +.8)7 +.):99

/esponse time (s 7.*878 *).+*87 +:.9))

;vershoot(C -'.:) -'.89 -'.*89+;ffset (C '.'' -'.''7* '.''**#teady #tate

5alue(C

-+'.'' -7.77' -+'.''**

ecay /atio '.8') '.*9: '.'9'9


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process control report

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