process technology
TRANSCRIPT
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Capital Intensity is the mix of equipment and human skills in the process; the greater the relative cost of equipment, the greater is the capital intensity.
Automation is a system, process, or piece of equipment that is self-acting and self-regulating.
◦ Fixed automation is a manufacturing process that produces one type of part or product in a fixed sequence of simple operations.
◦ Flexible (or programmable) automation is a manufacturing process that can be changed easily to handle various products.
Capital Intensity
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Capital Intensity is the mix of equipment and human skills in the process; the greater the relative cost of equipment, the greater is the capital intensity.
Automation is a system, process, or piece of equipment that is self-acting and self-regulating.
◦ Fixed automation is a manufacturing process that produces one type of part or product in a fixed sequence of simple operations.
◦ Flexible (or programmable) automation is a manufacturing process that can be changed easily to handle various products.
Capital Intensity
ADVANTAGES
Low variability (automated processes produce more consistent results than human labor)
Efficiency
Some degree of standardization is required
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Capital Intensity is the mix of equipment and human skills in the process; the greater the relative cost of equipment, the greater is the capital intensity.
Automation is a system, process, or piece of equipment that is self-acting and self-regulating.
◦ Fixed automation is a manufacturing process that produces one type of part or product in a fixed sequence of simple operations.
◦ Flexible (or programmable) automation is a manufacturing process that can be changed easily to handle various products.
Capital Intensity
ADVANTAGES
Low variability (automated processes produce more consistent results than human labor)
Efficiency
Some degree of standardization is required
DISADVANTAGES
Costly technology
Decreased flexibility
Some degree of standardization is required
Manufacturing TechnologyMuch of the technology used
in small- and mid-sized manufacturing organizations is relatively basic
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Production Technology
Machine technology Automatic identification
systems (AISs) Process control Vision system Robot Automated storage and retrieval systems (ASRSs) Automated guided vehicles (AGVs) Flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs) Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)
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Production Technology
Machine technology
Increased precisionIncreased productivityIncreased flexibilityImproved environmental impact Reduced changeover timeDecreased sizeReduced power requirements
“With our new filling machines it is possible to provide our customers with high production line efficiencies for mass production and unique flexibility.
The CFA 512 fills volumes of 500, 750, 1,000 and 1,100 ml with a steady output of 12,000 packages per hour.”
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Machine technology Automatic identification
systems (AISs) Improved data acquisitionReduced data entry errorsIncreased speedIncreased scope of process automation
The Nationwide Automatic Identification System (NAIS) will enable the USCG to identify, track and communicate with marine vessels using the Automatic Identification System (AIS), a maritime digital communication system that continually transmits and receives vessel data over very-high frequencies.
Production Technology
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Machine technology Automatic identification
systems (AISs) Improved data acquisitionReduced data entry errorsIncreased speedIncreased scope of process automation
The Nauticast-B transponder is a plug and play AIS solution. Enjoy the benefits of the AIS system knowing larger commercial vessels are aware of your position increasing your personal safety while navigating at sea.
Production Technology
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Machine technology Automatic identification
systems (AISs) Process control Increased process stability
Increased process precisionReal-time provision of information for
process evaluationData available in many forms
Production Technology
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Machine technology Automatic identification
systems (AISs) Process control Vision system
Particular aid to inspectionConsistently accurateNever boredModest costSuperior to individuals performing the
same tasks
Typical applications for machine vision systems are: Robot Guidance / Motion Control Part Orientation and Dimensional Inspection Pattern and/or Character Recognition 2D and 3D Bar Code Reading Label Inspection Printing Inspection Quality Control
Natural depth perception and tactile sensation allows surgeons the ability to perform pure laparoscopic procedures with confidence and ease.
Production Technology
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Machine technology Automatic identification
systems (AISs) Process control Vision system Robot
Perform monotonous or dangerous tasksPerform tasks requiring significant strength or
enduranceGenerally enhanced consistency and accuracy
Production Technology
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Machine technology Automatic identification
systems (AISs) Process control Vision system Robot Automated storage and retrieval systems (ASRSs)
Automated placement and withdrawal of parts and productsReduced errors and laborParticularly useful in inventory and test areas of manufacturing firms
ASRS technology is just beginning to be used in large libraries, particularly
at universities. It is used mostly to retrieve seldom-used books and
periodicals that are kept in storage vaults. It works via a robotic "arm" that
quite literally fetches materials from archival locations.
Production Technology
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Firstly ASRS saves shelf space in the library. It only requires 1/5 space to hold the same number of materials, compared to the ordinary library open stacks on floor area basis.
Secondly, ASRS can keep materials in their optimum condition, away from any source of lights and humidity.
Thirdly, ASRS sets us free from shelf management. We can put materials back in any vacant bins in any order. Location changes from one bin to another, yet keeping their right links.
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Machine technology Automatic identification
systems (AISs) Process control Vision system Robot Automated storage and retrieval systems (ASRSs) Automated guided vehicles (AGVs)
Electronically guided and controlled cartsUsed for movement of products and/or
individuals
Production Technology
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ELECTRIFIED MONORAIL SYSTEM
SKILLET SYSTEM
TRANSFER CAR
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Flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs)
Computer controls both the workstation and the material handling
equipmentEnhance flexibility and reduced wasteCan economically produce low volume at
high qualityReduced changeover time and increased
utilizationStringent communication requirement
between components
Production Technology
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Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)
Extension of flexible manufacturing systems
Backwards to engineering and inventory control
Forward into warehousing and shippingCan also include financial and customer service areas
Production Technology
Manufacturing Technology Service TechnologyMuch of the technology used
in small- and mid-sized manufacturing organizations is relatively basic
Automation is found in many areas of services…
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Service Industry Example
Financial Services Debit cards, electronic funds transfer, ATMs, Internet stock trading
Education Electronic bulletin boards, on-line journals, WebCT and Blackboard
Utilities and government
Automated one-man garbage trucks, optical mail and bomb scanners, flood warning systems
Restaurants and foods
Wireless orders from waiters to kitchen, robot butchering, transponders on cars that track sales at drive-throughs
Communications Electronic publishing, interactive TV
Service Technology
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Service Industry Example
Financial Services Debit cards, electronic funds transfer, ATMs, Internet stock trading
Education Electronic bulletin boards, on-line journals, WebCT and Blackboard
Utilities and government
Automated one-man garbage trucks, optical mail and bomb scanners, flood warning systems
Restaurants and foods
Wireless orders from waiters to kitchen, robot butchering, transponders on cars that track sales at drive-throughs
Communications Electronic publishing, interactive TV
Service Technology
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Service Industry Example
Hotels Electronic check-in/check-out, electronic key/lock system
Wholesale/retail trade
ATM-like kiosks, point-of-sale (POS) terminals, e-commerce, electronic communication between store and supplier, bar coded data
Transportation Automatic toll booths, satellite-directed navigation systems
Health care Online patient-monitoring, online medical information systems, robotic surgery
Airlines Ticketless travel, scheduling, Internet purchases
Service Technology
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Service Industry Example
Hotels Electronic check-in/check-out, electronic key/lock system
Wholesale/retail trade
ATM-like kiosks, point-of-sale (POS) terminals, e-commerce, electronic communication between store and supplier, bar coded data
Transportation Automatic toll booths, satellite-directed navigation systems
Health care Online patient-monitoring, online medical information systems, robotic surgery
Airlines Ticketless travel, scheduling, Internet purchases
Service Technology
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Service Industry Example
Hotels Electronic check-in/check-out, electronic key/lock system
Wholesale/retail trade
ATM-like kiosks, point-of-sale (POS) terminals, e-commerce, electronic communication between store and supplier, bar coded data
Transportation Automatic toll booths, satellite-directed navigation systems
Health care Online patient-monitoring, online medical information systems, robotic surgery
Airlines Ticketless travel, scheduling, Internet purchases
Service Technology
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Service Industry Example
Hotels Electronic check-in/check-out, electronic key/lock system
Wholesale/retail trade
ATM-like kiosks, point-of-sale (POS) terminals, e-commerce, electronic communication between store and supplier, bar coded data
Transportation Automatic toll booths, satellite-directed navigation systems
Health care Online patient-monitoring, online medical information systems, robotic surgery
Airlines Ticketless travel, scheduling, Internet purchases
Service Technology
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Service Industry Example
Hotels Electronic check-in/check-out, electronic key/lock system
Wholesale/retail trade
ATM-like kiosks, point-of-sale (POS) terminals, e-commerce, electronic communication between store and supplier, bar coded data
Transportation Automatic toll booths, satellite-directed navigation systems
Health care Online patient-monitoring, online medical information systems, robotic surgery
Airlines Ticketless travel, scheduling, Internet purchases
Service Technology
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Service Industry Example
Hotels Electronic check-in/check-out, electronic key/lock system
Wholesale/retail trade
ATM-like kiosks, point-of-sale (POS) terminals, e-commerce, electronic communication between store and supplier, bar coded data
Transportation Automatic toll booths, satellite-directed navigation systems
Health care Online patient-monitoring, online medical information systems, robotic surgery
Airlines Ticketless travel, scheduling, Internet purchases
Service Technology
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Ethics and Environmentally Friendly Processes
Encourage recycling Efficient use of resources Reduction of waste by-products Use less harmful ingredients Use less energy
Reduce the negative impact on the environment