process validation updates… and a reminder about food defense
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Process Validation Updates… and a reminder about Food Defense. Steve Ingham Food Safety Extension Specialist UW-Madison. Areas of Validation Emphasis. Beef carcass dry-aging interventions Ryan Algino Slow-cooking of whole-muscle beef roasts Kim Wiegand - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Process Validation Updatesand a reminder about Food DefenseSteve InghamFood Safety Extension SpecialistUW-Madison
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Areas of Validation EmphasisBeef carcass dry-aging interventionsRyan AlginoSlow-cooking of whole-muscle beef roastsKim WiegandGround & formed beef jerky process lethalityAlena BorowskiShelf-stability of RTE productsDarand Borneman
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Validating Beef Carcass Dry-Aging the Microbial Performance StandardE. coli O157:H7 must be undetectableIf slaughter process is hygienic or animal is not a carrier, standard could be met without an interventionThe intervention adds assurance or overcomes slaughter hygiene lapsesThere is no specified log reduction
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Validating Beef Carcass Dry-Aging the Microbial Performance StandardA practical approach to meeting this standard: use an intervention that would cause a statistically significant decrease in the number of E. coli O157:H7 cellsOur goal: help you validate your intervention processShow that your intervention would cause a significant decrease in the number of E. coli O157:H7 cells
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Validating Beef Carcass Dry-Aging - ChallengesInoculation studies using pathogens arent possible in plantsDry-aging conditions varyWeatherSize and number of carcasses in coolerAir movement% Relative HumidityLength of dry-aging period
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Validating Beef Carcass Interventions a new approachInoculate beef carcass with harmless bacteria that survive the same (or better) compared to E. coli O157:H7Lactic acid bacteria starter culture = LABTake a before sampleTake an after sampleHow much did levels of LAB decrease?If LAB decrease enough, E. coli O157:H7 would have decreased, too
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How much do the LAB levels have to drop?The Least Significant Difference (LSD) for E. coli O157:H7 in simulated dry-aging studies is 0.3 logs (50% decrease)This LSD corresponds to an LAB decrease of at least 0.25 logs
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Accuracy of LAB performance standard in predicting adequate reduction of E. coli O157:H7 during dry-aging
PartAccurateFail-safeFail-dangerousBrisket - fat15/1500Brisket lean12/153/150Heart12/153/150Liver15/1500Tongue13/152/150
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Kit for Evaluating Beef Carcass Intervention Treatments
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LAB culture and Diluent
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Add diluent to LAB
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Mix
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Add LAB solution to sponge
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Squeeze sponge 10 X
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Get ready to inoculate brisket
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Inoculate both halves of the carcassOne is sampled beforeThe other is sampled after
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Inoculate brisket
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Score sample with sterilized scalpel
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Peel sample away with sterilized scalpel and forceps
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Before sample is ready to ship
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Ship sample to lab (same way as you ship generic E. coli samples)
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The after sampleUse dead locks to pin the large template to the second carcass halfTake sample when dry-aging is completeShip to the lab
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Next step:Determine E. coli O157:H7 LSD and LAB reductions needed to validate acid-spray interventionsAcetic acidLactic acidFresh Bloom
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Predicting the Probability of Achieving a 7-Log Reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 During Roast Beef Slow-cooking Processes
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Beyond THERMSlow cooked beef roasts have unique food safety concerns Temperature abuse growth before cooking?Heat shocked pathogens tougher to kill?Slow come-up times growth before cooking?Salt and spices tougher pathogens?Need predictive tools to evaluate heat lethality associated with meat processing
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Slow-cooking of beef: microbial performance standards6.5 log reduction in SalmonellaUSDA recommends no more than 6 h between 50 and 130FBesides killing Salmonella, we must also provide adequate lethality against E. coli O157:H7Weve chosen a 7-log lethality targetAllows for a small amount of growth before cooking (0.5 log)
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Evaluating slow cook processes: our model systemUnseasoned ground beef4 simulated commercial slow-cook schedules
Chart1
71.571.571.571.5
100100100100
110115105110
115120110121
115120110130
130125115130
130125120130
135130130135
135130130135
135135130135
135135130135
135135130135
Commercial Process
Slow come-up time
Fail to reach 130F
Potential heat shock
Time (min.)
Set Temperature (deg F)
Simulated Cook Schedules
Sheet1
ABCD
TimeTemp
071.571.571.571.5
60100100100100
120110115105110
180115120110121
200115120110130
240130125115130
270130125120130
300135130130135
330135130130135
360135135130135
390135135130135
405135135130135
Sheet1
Commercial Process
Slow come-up time
Fail to reach 130F
Potential heat shock
Time (min.)
Set Temperature (deg F)
Simulated Cook Schedules
Sheet2
Sheet3
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Evaluating slow-cook processes
Inoculation studies of 4 cook scheduleseach 6 h 45 min. 25 g ground beef9 sampling times each schedule.
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Evaluating slow cook processesOverlaid plates with MEMB recover injured cellsDetermined cumulative F-value based on time and temperature historyUsed E. coli O157:H7 CFU/g plate counts to create model
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Cumulative Process LethalityD-value: number of minutes at constant temperature needed to destroy 90% of organismsZ-value: change in temperature (F) needed to change the D-value by 10-foldLethal Rate: shown below, equivalent heating rate per minute; expressed for reference temperature. Cumulative process lethality (F-value): cumulative lethal rate over a given cooking/heating process.
T = internal temperature Tr = Reference temperature Z = reference z value
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Logistic Regression AnalysisZ = 10.4F and Tr = 130FF-value determined at each sampling pointIf process was successful, the sample achieved an E. coli O157:H7 reduction of 7-logs. Logistic regression used to determine probability of achieving 7-log reduction for any given F-value
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Logistic Regression Curve for Predicting 7-log Kill
Chart1
0.0001682317
0.0001779198
0.0001881656
0.0001990013
0.0002104609
0.0002225803
0.0002353974
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0.9996995714
7 Log Reg
Lethality
Pr(7 log red)
Sheet1
exp (int + coeff [F-value] )1 + exp (int + coeff [F-value] )F-valueP-value
0.000168261.000168261000.0001682317
0.00017795141.00017795141010.0001779198
0.0001882011.0001882011020.0001881656
0.00019904091.00019904091030.0001990013
0.00021050521.00021050521040.0002104609
0.00022262991.00022262991050.0002225803
0.00023545281.00023545281060.0002353974
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0.0002633571.0002633571080.0002632877
0.00027852581.00027852581090.0002784482
0.00029456821.00029456821100.0002944815
0.00031153461.00031153461110.0003114376
0.00032947831.00032947831120.0003293698
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0.00036852571.00036852571140.00036839
0.0003897521.0003897521150.0003896001
0.00041220081.00041220081160.0004120309
0.00043594261.00043594261170.0004357526
0.00046105191.00046105191180.0004608394
0.00048760741.00048760741190.0004873697
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0.00090280861.00090280861300.0009019943
0.00095480831.00095480831310.0009538975
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0.00106796531.00106796531330.001066826
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0.0011945331.0011945331350.0011931078
0.00126333531.00126333531360.0012617413
0.00133610051.00133610051370.0013343177
0.00141305681.00141305681380.0014110629
0.00149444561.00149444561390.0014922155
0.00158052221.00158052221400.0015780281
0.00167155661.00167155661410.0016687671
0.00176783441.00176783441420.0017647146
0.00186965751.00186965751430.0018661684
0.00197734551.00197734551440.0019734433
0.0020912361.0020912361450.0020868719
0.00221168641.00221168641460.0022068056
0.00233907441.00233907441470.0023336159
0.00247379961.00247379961480.002467695
0.00261628481.00261628481490.0026094577
0.00276697671.00276697671500.0027593417
0.00292634811.00292634811510.0029178096
0.0030948991.0030948991520.0030853502
0.0032731581.0032731581530.0032624794
0.00346168441.00346168441540.0034497424
0.00366106941.00366106941550.0036477148
0.00387193851.00387193851560.0038570044
0.00409495321.00409495321570.0040782529
0.0043308131.0043308131580.0043121379
0.00458025781.00458025781590.0045593747
0.004844071.004844071600.0048207181
0.00512307721.00512307721610.0050969651
0.00541815461.00541815461620.0053889564
0.00573022781.00573022781630.0056975793
0.00606027561.00606027561640.0060237699
0.00640933341.00640933341650.0063685155
0.00677849621.00677849621660.0067328576
0.00716892191.00716892191670.0071178943
0.00758183521.00758183521680.0075247835
0.00801853131.00801853131690.0079547459
0.00848038021.00848038021700.0084090681
0.00896883041.00896883041710.0088891055
0.00948541431.00948541431720.0093962866
0.01003175221.01003175221730.0099321156
0.01060955791.01060955791740.0104981768
0.01122064381.01122064381750.011096138
0.01186692691.01186692691760.0117277545
0.01255043441.01255043441770.0123948734
0.01327331041.01327331041780.0130994375
0.01403782231.01403782231790.0138434898
0.01484636831.01484636831800.0146291782
0.01570148481.01570148481810.0154587593
0.01660585391.01660585391820.0163346039
0.01756231261.01756231261830.0172592012
0.01857386121.01857386121840.0182351638
0.01964367261.01964367261850.0192652326
0.02077510261.02077510261860.0203522818
0.02197170041.02197170041870.0214993237
0.02323721941.02323721941880.0227095135
0.02457562941.02457562941890.0239861546
0.02599112881.02599112881900.0253327032
0.02748815761.02748815761910.0267527731
0.02907141181.02907141181920.0282501403
0.03074585781.03074585781930.0298287474
0.0325167481.0325167481940.0314927075
0.03438963731.03438963731950.0332463088
0.03637040081.03637040081960.0350940173
0.03846525161.03846525161970.0370404802
0.0406807611.0406807611980.0390905286
0.04302387861.04302387861990.041249179
0.04550195441.04550195442000.043521635
0.04812276161.04812276162010.0459132874
0.05089452121.05089452122020.0484297141
0.05382592771.05382592772030.0510766781
0.05692617651.05692617652040.0538601255
0.06020499241.06020499242050.0567861808
0.06367266051.06367266052060.0598611423
0.06734005831.06734005832070.0630914747
0.07121868961.07121868962080.0664838005
0.07532072121.07532072122090.0700448896
0.07965902031.07965902032100.0737816466
0.08424719531.08424719532110.0777010959
0.08909963871.08909963872120.0818103647
0.09423157151.09423157152130.086116663
0.09965909171.09965909172140.0906272612
0.10539922461.10539922462150.0953494649
0.11146997581.11146997582160.1002905865
0.11789038821.11789038822170.1054579138
0.12468060151.12468060152180.1108586752
0.13186191531.13186191532190.1165000019
0.13945685621.13945685622200.1223888868
0.14748924811.14748924812210.1285321395
0.15598428721.15598428722220.1349363386
0.16496862081.16496862082230.1416077806
0.17447043131.17447043132240.1485524255
0.1845195241.1845195242250.1557758401
0.19514742121.19514742122260.1632831379
0.20638746061.20638746062270.1710789173
0.21827490031.21827490032280.179167198
0.2308470291.2308470292290.1875513557
0.24414328321.24414328322300.1962340564
0.25820537081.25820537082310.2052171901
0.2730774021.2730774022320.2145018061
0.28880602791.28880602792330.2240880487
0.30544058611.30544058612340.2339750958
0.32303325641.32303325642350.2441611009
0.34163922381.34163922382360.2546431393
0.36131685171.36131685172370.2654171593
0.38212786551.38212786552380.2764779403
0.40413754541.40413754542390.2878190579
0.42741493191.42741493192400.2994328575
0.4520330421.4520330422410.3113104378
0.47806909821.47806909822420.3234416434
0.50560477091.50560477092430.3358150696
0.53472643461.53472643462440.348418078
0.56552543871.56552543872450.3612368249
0.59809839411.59809839412460.3742563013
0.63254747621.63254747622470.3874603866
0.66898074571.66898074572480.4008319134
0.70751248711.70751248712490.4143527456
0.74826356761.74826356762500.4280038671
0.79136181591.79136181592510.4417654819
0.83694242351.83694242352520.4556171238
0.88514836851.88514836852530.4695377739
0.93613086431.93613086432540.4835059869
0.99004983371.99004983372550.4975000208
1.0470744112.0470744112560.5114979726
1.10738347172.10738347172570.5254779145
1.17116619472.17116619472580.5394180315
1.23862265482.23862265482590.5532967569
1.30996445072.30996445072600.567092905
1.38541536892.38541536892610.5807857981
1.46521208512.46521208512620.5943553879
1.54960490742.54960490742630.6077823677
1.63885856082.63885856082640.6210482764
1.73325301792.73325301792650.634135591
1.8330843772.8330843772660.6470278089
1.93866579122.93866579122670.6597095175
2.05032845043.05032845042680.6721664515
2.168422623.168422622690.6843855382
2.29331874033.29331874032700.6963549298
2.42540858783.42540858782710.7080640238
2.56510650453.56510650452720.719503471
2.71285069773.71285069772730.7306651731
2.86910461433.86910461432740.7415422689
3.03435839444.03435839442750.7521291114
3.20913040964.20913040962760.7624212361
3.3939688884.3939688882770.7724153208
3.58945363464.58945363462780.7821091399
3.79619784984.79619784982790.791501512
4.0148500535.0148500532800.8005922432
4.24609611665.24609611662810.8093820666
4.49066141785.49066141782820.8178725797
4.74931311395.74931311392830.8260661787
5.02286254876.02286254872840.8339659934
5.31216779726.31216779722850.8415758212
5.61813635796.61813635792860.848900061
5.94172799916.94172799912870.8559436497
6.28395776927.28395776922880.8627119992
6.64589918147.64589918142890.8692109357
7.02868758068.02868758062900.8754466418
7.43352370498.43352370492910.8814256016
7.86167745238.86167745232920.8871545477
8.31449186399.31449186392930.892640413
8.79338733679.79338733672940.897890284
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9.835516824710.83551682472960.9077109088
10.402019812211.40201981222970.9122962408
11.001152059512.00115205952980.9166746663
11.634792936612.63479293662990.9208534714
12.304930060513.30493006053000.9248398905
13.013665530514.01366553053010.9286410827
13.76322252214.7632225223020.9322641111
14.5559522615.555952263030.9357159251
15.394341394816.39434139483040.9390033441
16.281019801817.28101980183050.9421330447
17.218768831218.21876883123060.945111549
18.210530032719.21053003273070.9479452156
19.259414382220.25941438223080.9506402317
20.368712040821.36871204083090.9532026077
21.54190267522.5419026753100.9556381724
22.782666372423.78266637243110.95795257
24.094895184825.09489518483120.9601512581
25.482705337326.48270533733130.9622395074
26.9504501427.950450143140.9642224009
28.502733643829.50273364383150.9661048358
30.144425081831.14442508183160.9678915248
31.880674144132.88067414413170.9695869983
33.716927130834.71692713083180.9711956074
35.658944036236.65894403623190.9727215274
37.712816617238.71281661723200.9741687615
39.884987501540.88498750153210.9755411445
42.182270397543.18227039753220.9768423478
44.611871467145.61187146713230.9780758831
47.181411930848.18141193083240.979245108
49.898951973450.89895197343250.9803532301
52.77301602853.7730160283260.981403312
55.81261951556.8126195153270.9823982769
59.027297122360.02729712233280.9833409124
62.427132713863.42713271383290.9842338766
66.022790960467.02279096043300.9850797022
69.825550793670.82555079363310.9858808016
73.847340784974.84734078493320.9866394719
78.100776564279.10077656423330.9873578991
82.599200392383.59920039233340.9880381631
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92.388267917893.38826791783360.9892920168
97.709618154398.70961815433370.989869275
103.3374658388104.33746583883380.9904157151
109.2894645143110.28946451433390.9909329508
115.5842845272116.58428452723400.9914225146
122.2416715923123.24167159233410.9918858614
129.2825087321130.28250873213420.9923243726
136.7288817827137.72888178273430.9927393588
144.6041486733145.60414867333440.9931320638
152.9330126956153.93301269563450.9935036677
161.7415999937162.74159999373460.9938552896
171.0575415172172.05754151723470.9941879909
180.9100596943181.91005969433480.9945027779
191.3300600974192.33006009743490.9948006048
202.3502283881203.35022838813500.9950823758
214.0051328469215.00513284693510.9953489482
226.3313328066227.33133280663520.9956011343
239.3674933333240.36749333333530.9958397037
253.1545065111254.15450651113540.9960653855
267.7356197136268.73561971363550.9962788707
283.1565712629284.15657126293560.9964808134
299.4657339025300.46573390253570.9966718335
316.7142665338317.71426653383580.9968525178
334.9562746924335.95627469243590.9970234222
354.2489802678355.24898026783600.9971850728
374.6529009972375.65290099723610.9973379681
396.2320402999397.23204029993620.9974825797
419.0540880434420.05408804343630.9976193542
443.1906328751444.19063287513640.9977487143
468.7173867824469.71738678243650.9978710603
495.7144225882496.71442258823660.9979867708
524.2664251241525.26642512413670.9980962042
554.4629568721555.46295687213680.9981996999
586.3987389057587.39873890573690.9982975789
620.1739480127621.17394801273700.998390145
655.894530932656.8945309323710.9984776856
693.6725366892694.67253668923720.9985604728
733.6264680742734.62646807423730.998638764
775.8816533632776.88165336323740.9987128027
820.5706394506821.57063945063750.9987828192
867.8336076253868.83360762533760.9988490316
917.8188132933918.81881329333770.9989116461
970.6830510288971.68305102883780.9989708578
1026.59214641051027.59214641053790.9990268513
1085.72147618591086.72147618593800.999079801
1148.25651839731149.25651839733810.9991298722
1214.39343419251215.39343419253820.9991772212
1284.33968314691285.33968314693830.9992219955
1358.31467402721359.31467402723840.9992643352
1436.55045303661437.55045303663850.9993043722
1519.29243170231520.29243170233860.9993422318
1606.80015668691607.80015668693870.9993780322
1699.34812393971700.34812393973880.9994118851
1797.22663974081798.22663974083890.9994438966
1900.74273133961901.74273133963900.9994741665
2010.22111004392011.22111004393910.9995027896
2126.00518978092127.00518978093920.9995298554
2248.45816432432249.45816432433930.9995554485
2377.96414656812378.96414656813940.999579649
2514.92937341912515.92937341913950.9996025326
2659.78348008922660.78348008923960.9996241708
2812.98084778322813.98084778323970.9996446316
2975.0020290112976.0020290113980.9996639787
3146.35525499383147.35525499383990.9996822729
3327.57802989393328.57802989394000.9996995714
Sheet2
Sheet3
-
95% probability of achieving a 7-log reduction of E. coli O157:H7 Heat equivalent to 308 min. at 130oF
Chart1
0.000168231700.95
0.00017791981.20.95
0.0001881656
0.0001990013
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0.999579649
0.9996025326
0.9996241708
0.9996446316
0.9996639787
0.9996822729
0.9996995714
7 Log Reg
a
b
Lethality
Pr(7 log red)
Sheet1
exp (int + coeff [F-value] )1 + exp (int + coeff [F-value] )F-valueP-value
0.000168261.000168261000.0001682317
0.00017795141.00017795141010.0001779198
0.0001882011.0001882011020.0001881656
0.00019904091.00019904091030.0001990013
0.00021050521.00021050521040.0002104609
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0.00023545281.00023545281060.0002353974
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0.0002633571.0002633571080.0002632877
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0.00031153461.00031153461110.0003114376
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0.00068232811.00068232811250.0006818628
0.00072162861.00072162861260.0007211082
0.00076319271.00076319271270.0007626107
0.00080715081.00080715081280.0008064999
0.00085364091.00085364091290.0008529128
0.00090280861.00090280861300.0009019943
0.00095480831.00095480831310.0009538975
0.0010098031.0010098031320.0010087843
0.00106796531.00106796531330.001066826
0.00112947771.00112947771340.0011282034
0.0011945331.0011945331350.0011931078
0.00126333531.00126333531360.0012617413
0.00133610051.00133610051370.0013343177
0.00141305681.00141305681380.0014110629
0.00149444561.00149444561390.0014922155
0.00158052221.00158052221400.0015780281
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0.00186965751.00186965751430.0018661684
0.00197734551.00197734551440.0019734433
0.0020912361.0020912361450.0020868719
0.00221168641.00221168641460.0022068056
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0.00541815461.00541815461620.0053889564
0.00573022781.00573022781630.0056975793
0.00606027561.00606027561640.0060237699
0.00640933341.00640933341650.0063685155
0.00677849621.00677849621660.0067328576
0.00716892191.00716892191670.0071178943
0.00758183521.00758183521680.0075247835
0.00801853131.00801853131690.0079547459
0.00848038021.00848038021700.0084090681
0.00896883041.00896883041710.0088891055
0.00948541431.00948541431720.0093962866
0.01003175221.01003175221730.0099321156
0.01060955791.01060955791740.0104981768
0.01122064381.01122064381750.011096138
0.01186692691.01186692691760.0117277545
0.01255043441.01255043441770.0123948734
0.01327331041.01327331041780.0130994375
0.01403782231.01403782231790.0138434898
0.01484636831.01484636831800.0146291782
0.01570148481.01570148481810.0154587593
0.01660585391.01660585391820.0163346039
0.01756231261.01756231261830.0172592012
0.01857386121.01857386121840.0182351638
0.01964367261.01964367261850.0192652326
0.02077510261.02077510261860.0203522818
0.02197170041.02197170041870.0214993237
0.02323721941.02323721941880.0227095135
0.02457562941.02457562941890.0239861546
0.02599112881.02599112881900.0253327032
0.02748815761.02748815761910.0267527731
0.02907141181.02907141181920.0282501403
0.03074585781.03074585781930.0298287474
0.0325167481.0325167481940.0314927075
0.03438963731.03438963731950.0332463088
0.03637040081.03637040081960.0350940173
0.03846525161.03846525161970.0370404802
0.0406807611.0406807611980.0390905286
0.04302387861.04302387861990.041249179
0.04550195441.04550195442000.043521635
0.04812276161.04812276162010.0459132874
0.05089452121.05089452122020.0484297141
0.05382592771.05382592772030.0510766781
0.05692617651.05692617652040.0538601255
0.06020499241.06020499242050.0567861808
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0.07121868961.07121868962080.0664838005
0.07532072121.07532072122090.0700448896
0.07965902031.07965902032100.0737816466
0.08424719531.08424719532110.0777010959
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0.09423157151.09423157152130.086116663
0.09965909171.09965909172140.0906272612
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0.11146997581.11146997582160.1002905865
0.11789038821.11789038822170.1054579138
0.12468060151.12468060152180.1108586752
0.13186191531.13186191532190.1165000019
0.13945685621.13945685622200.1223888868
0.14748924811.14748924812210.1285321395
0.15598428721.15598428722220.1349363386
0.16496862081.16496862082230.1416077806
0.17447043131.17447043132240.1485524255
0.1845195241.1845195242250.1557758401
0.19514742121.19514742122260.1632831379
0.20638746061.20638746062270.1710789173
0.21827490031.21827490032280.179167198
0.2308470291.2308470292290.1875513557
0.24414328321.24414328322300.1962340564
0.25820537081.25820537082310.2052171901
0.2730774021.2730774022320.2145018061
0.28880602791.28880602792330.2240880487
0.30544058611.30544058612340.2339750958
0.32303325641.32303325642350.2441611009
0.34163922381.34163922382360.2546431393
0.36131685171.36131685172370.2654171593
0.38212786551.38212786552380.2764779403
0.40413754541.40413754542390.2878190579
0.42741493191.42741493192400.2994328575
0.4520330421.4520330422410.3113104378
0.47806909821.47806909822420.3234416434
0.50560477091.50560477092430.3358150696
0.53472643461.53472643462440.348418078
0.56552543871.56552543872450.3612368249
0.59809839411.59809839412460.3742563013
0.63254747621.63254747622470.3874603866
0.66898074571.66898074572480.4008319134
0.70751248711.70751248712490.4143527456
0.74826356761.74826356762500.4280038671
0.79136181591.79136181592510.4417654819
0.83694242351.83694242352520.4556171238
0.88514836851.88514836852530.4695377739
0.93613086431.93613086432540.4835059869
0.99004983371.99004983372550.4975000208
1.0470744112.0470744112560.5114979726
1.10738347172.10738347172570.5254779145
1.17116619472.17116619472580.5394180315
1.23862265482.23862265482590.5532967569
1.30996445072.30996445072600.567092905
1.38541536892.38541536892610.5807857981
1.46521208512.46521208512620.5943553879
1.54960490742.54960490742630.6077823677
1.63885856082.63885856082640.6210482764
1.73325301792.73325301792650.634135591
1.8330843772.8330843772660.6470278089
1.93866579122.93866579122670.6597095175
2.05032845043.05032845042680.6721664515
2.168422623.168422622690.6843855382
2.29331874033.29331874032700.6963549298
2.42540858783.42540858782710.7080640238
2.56510650453.56510650452720.719503471
2.71285069773.71285069772730.7306651731
2.86910461433.86910461432740.7415422689
3.03435839444.03435839442750.7521291114
3.20913040964.20913040962760.7624212361
3.3939688884.3939688882770.7724153208
3.58945363464.58945363462780.7821091399
3.79619784984.79619784982790.791501512
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5.02286254876.02286254872840.8339659934
5.31216779726.31216779722850.8415758212
5.61813635796.61813635792860.848900061
5.94172799916.94172799912870.8559436497
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6.64589918147.64589918142890.8692109357
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7.43352370498.43352370492910.8814256016
7.86167745238.86167745232920.8871545477
8.31449186399.31449186392930.892640413
8.79338733679.79338733672940.897890284
9.299866079510.29986607952950.902911359
9.835516824710.83551682472960.9077109088
10.402019812211.40201981222970.9122962408
11.001152059512.00115205952980.9166746663
11.634792936612.63479293662990.9208534714
12.304930060513.30493006053000.9248398905
13.013665530514.01366553053010.9286410827
13.76322252214.7632225223020.9322641111
14.5559522615.555952263030.9357159251
15.394341394816.39434139483040.9390033441
16.281019801817.28101980183050.9421330447
17.218768831218.21876883123060.945111549
18.210530032719.21053003273070.9479452156
19.259414382220.25941438223080.9506402317
20.368712040821.36871204083090.9532026077
21.54190267522.5419026753100.9556381724
22.782666372423.78266637243110.95795257
24.094895184825.09489518483120.9601512581
25.482705337326.48270533733130.9622395074
26.9504501427.950450143140.9642224009
28.502733643829.50273364383150.9661048358
30.144425081831.14442508183160.9678915248
31.880674144132.88067414413170.9695869983
33.716927130834.71692713083180.9711956074
35.658944036236.65894403623190.9727215274
37.712816617238.71281661723200.9741687615
39.884987501540.88498750153210.9755411445
42.182270397543.18227039753220.9768423478
44.611871467145.61187146713230.9780758831
47.181411930848.18141193083240.979245108
49.898951973450.89895197343250.9803532301
52.77301602853.7730160283260.981403312
55.81261951556.8126195153270.9823982769
59.027297122360.02729712233280.9833409124
62.427132713863.42713271383290.9842338766
66.022790960467.02279096043300.9850797022
69.825550793670.82555079363310.9858808016
73.847340784974.84734078493320.9866394719
78.100776564279.10077656423330.9873578991
82.599200392383.59920039233340.9880381631
87.356723013488.35672301343350.9886822421
92.388267917893.38826791783360.9892920168
97.709618154398.70961815433370.989869275
103.3374658388104.33746583883380.9904157151
109.2894645143110.28946451433390.9909329508
115.5842845272116.58428452723400.9914225146
122.2416715923123.24167159233410.9918858614
129.2825087321130.28250873213420.9923243726
136.7288817827137.72888178273430.9927393588
144.6041486733145.60414867333440.9931320638
152.9330126956153.93301269563450.9935036677
161.7415999937162.74159999373460.9938552896
171.0575415172172.05754151723470.9941879909
180.9100596943181.91005969433480.9945027779
191.3300600974192.33006009743490.9948006048
202.3502283881203.35022838813500.9950823758
214.0051328469215.00513284693510.9953489482
226.3313328066227.33133280663520.9956011343
239.3674933333240.36749333333530.9958397037
253.1545065111254.15450651113540.9960653855
267.7356197136268.73561971363550.9962788707
283.1565712629284.15657126293560.9964808134
299.4657339025300.46573390253570.9966718335
316.7142665338317.71426653383580.9968525178
334.9562746924335.95627469243590.9970234222
354.2489802678355.24898026783600.9971850728
374.6529009972375.65290099723610.9973379681
396.2320402999397.23204029993620.9974825797
419.0540880434420.05408804343630.9976193542
443.1906328751444.19063287513640.9977487143
468.7173867824469.71738678243650.9978710603
495.7144225882496.71442258823660.9979867708
524.2664251241525.26642512413670.9980962042
554.4629568721555.46295687213680.9981996999
586.3987389057587.39873890573690.9982975789
620.1739480127621.17394801273700.998390145
655.894530932656.8945309323710.9984776856
693.6725366892694.67253668923720.9985604728
733.6264680742734.62646807423730.998638764
775.8816533632776.88165336323740.9987128027
820.5706394506821.57063945063750.9987828192
867.8336076253868.83360762533760.9988490316
917.8188132933918.81881329333770.9989116461
970.6830510288971.68305102883780.9989708578
1026.59214641051027.59214641053790.9990268513
1085.72147618591086.72147618593800.999079801
1148.25651839731149.25651839733810.9991298722
1214.39343419251215.39343419253820.9991772212
1284.33968314691285.33968314693830.9992219955
1358.31467402721359.31467402723840.9992643352
1436.55045303661437.55045303663850.9993043722
1519.29243170231520.29243170233860.9993422318
1606.80015668691607.80015668693870.9993780322
1699.34812393971700.34812393973880.9994118851
1797.22663974081798.22663974083890.9994438966
1900.74273133961901.74273133963900.9994741665
2010.22111004392011.22111004393910.9995027896
2126.00518978092127.00518978093920.9995298554
2248.45816432432249.45816432433930.9995554485
2377.96414656812378.96414656813940.999579649
2514.92937341912515.92937341913950.9996025326
2659.78348008922660.78348008923960.9996241708
2812.98084778322813.98084778323970.9996446316
2975.0020290112976.0020290113980.9996639787
3146.35525499383147.35525499383990.9996822729
3327.57802989393328.57802989394000.9996995714
Sheet2
30801000.95
3081.24000.95
Sheet3
-
Tool developmentRepresentative samples
Lethality
-
A sneak peek at the finished product Easy-to-use Excel worksheet calculations produce two graphs Core temperature shows the total cooking process Lethality outlines the cumulative lethal rate Interpretation for processor: probability that process would attain the 7-log killAbove an established F-value (based on temperature and time combination) process has high probability of 7-log kill
Chart1
0
0.0000038137
0.0000116972
0.0000223059
0.0000359442
0.0000533231
0.0000749774
0.0001023896
0.0001372352
0.0001817463
0.0002389689
0.0003127198
0.0004075323
0.0005269959
0.0006778719
0.0008701293
0.0011151182
0.0014308702
0.0018277895
0.0023245692
0.00296484
0.0037787363
0.004761941
0.0059175725
0.007261195
0.0087923084
0.0105023614
0.0123742676
0.0143825781
0.016472825
0.0186057202
0.0207601549
0.022981881
0.0252708986
0.0275370311
0.0298031636
0.0320921812
0.0343811987
0.0366702163
0.0389363488
0.0411795963
0.0434228438
0.0456889764
0.0479779939
0.0502441264
0.0524649465
0.0547086516
0.0569747841
0.0592180316
0.0614612792
0.0636820992
0.0658804919
0.0680788845
0.0702772772
0.0724980972
0.0747413448
0.0769621648
0.0791829849
0.081403805
0.0836021976
0.0858005903
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0.0906472231
0.0940019871
0.0982664788
0.1035919558
0.1101685406
0.1180417666
0.1270017628
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0.148546016
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0.188037987
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0.4940398958
0.5104433166
0.526681084
0.5429188514
0.5591566188
0.5753943862
0.5916321536
0.6077075798
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0.6400207735
0.6562585409
0.6726619617
0.689231036
0.7058001103
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0.7555073333
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0.788314175
0.8048832493
0.8214523236
0.8380213979
0.8544248187
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0.8873973139
0.9039663882
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0.9371045368
0.9555278971
0.9780748649
1.0042097207
1.0334316635
1.0664184999
1.1032604759
1.1431699942
1.1851358032
1.2288315795
1.274328638
1.3207445263
1.3681171216
1.415489717
1.4623791281
1.509742062
1.556631473
1.6030473614
1.6494632497
1.6958791381
1.7422950264
1.7887109147
1.8351268031
1.881078637
1.9265664164
1.9720541959
2.0170871999
2.0616654285
2.1062436572
2.1512766612
2.1963096652
2.2408878938
2.2854661224
2.3309631809
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2.4219480188
2.4665262474
2.5111044761
2.5561374801
2.6016252596
2.647113039
2.6921460431
2.7367242717
2.7817572757
2.8263445978
2.8704771444
2.915055373
2.960088377
3.0046756991
3.0492630212
3.0947508007
3.1402385801
3.1857263596
3.2312141391
3.2767019185
3.3217349226
3.3663131512
3.4108913798
3.4554696084
3.5005026124
3.5455356165
3.5929855276
3.6495670071
3.7202256885
3.8104838608
3.9226952815
4.0667318999
4.250965503
4.481550222
4.7720866654
5.1349071874
5.5780342653
6.1037053853
6.7283760279
7.4535562139
8.2549814771
9.1238433654
10.0560185526
11.0362229632
12.0464247018
13.0668281789
14.0770299174
15.0770299174
16.0770299174
17.0770299174
18.0770299174
19.0770299174
20.0670321677
21.0470366683
22.027041169
22.9876459029
23.9288508702
24.8796577644
25.821054727
26.743439831
27.6658249349
28.5882100388
29.5200050744
30.45180011
31.3835951456
32.3153901813
33.2377752852
34.1695703208
35.1013653564
36.0237504603
36.9461355643
37.8592988928
38.763240446
39.6671819992
40.5711235523
41.5032987395
42.4541056338
43.3953106011
44.3365155683
45.2777205356
46.2189255029
47.1601304701
48.1013354374
49.0425404047
49.9837453719
50.9249503392
51.8567453748
52.7885404104
53.720335446
54.6427205499
55.5745155855
56.5157205528
57.4569255201
58.3981304874
59.329925523
60.2617205586
61.2029255258
62.1441304931
63.0853354604
64.0265404276
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65.9089503622
66.8501553294
67.781950365
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69.6555225148
70.5780957751
71.5193007423
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117.8101460901
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128.043058241
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133.082266875
135.5638957978
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204.8292466421
207.2612541553
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212.1500798867
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229.4470502322
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236.8175048863
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371.2659790128
373.7982417945
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378.7376912624
381.1701948781
383.651823801
386.1587696532
388.6910324349
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398.6934989146
401.1751278374
403.6567567603
406.1383856831
408.6453315354
Time (min)
F-value (min)
Lethality
Process Lethality
PROCESS LETHALITY DETERMINATION
z =11.4FT ref =130FProduct name: _____________________________gr beefDate: _____________14-Jan
Data Table
TimeCoreF-valueInstructions:
(min)Temp ( F)(min)
0620
170.90.00challenge studies on your product,
272.60.00or reference values from the literature
373.90.00that poperly represent your product.
475.10.00
576.30.00temperatures in col. B and C
677.30.00(overwrite example data).
778.60.00
879.70.00computed cumulative F value.
9810.00Definitions:
1082.20.00
1183.50.00
1284.70.00associated T ref required to kill 90%
1385.80.00of the selected microorganism; a one
14870.00log reduction.
1588.20.00
1689.40.00
1790.70.00change the D-value by a factor of ten.
1891.70.00
1992.90.00
2094.20.00equivalent time of heating at a
2195.30.00reference temperature.
2296.10.00
2396.90.01
2497.60.01
2598.20.01for each product and organism must be used.
2698.70.01
2799.10.01
2899.40.01
2999.50.02
3099.60.02
3199.60.02
3299.90.02
3399.90.03
3499.80.03
3599.90.03
3699.90.03
3799.90.03
3899.90.04
3999.80.04
4099.80.04
4199.80.04
4299.90.05
4399.90.05
4499.80.05
4599.70.05
4699.90.05
4799.80.06
4899.80.06
4999.80.06
5099.70.06
5199.70.07
5299.70.07
5399.70.07
5499.80.07
5599.80.07
5699.70.08
5799.80.08
5899.70.08
5999.70.08
6099.70.09
6199.90.09
62101.10.09
63102.40.09
64103.50.10
65104.60.10
66105.60.11
67106.40.12
68106.90.13
69107.60.14
70108.10.15
71108.30.16
72108.80.17
731090.19
741090.20
75109.40.22
76109.30.23
77109.40.25
78109.50.26
79109.50.28
80109.70.30
81109.70.31
82109.70.33
83109.70.35
84109.70.36
85109.60.38
86109.70.40
87109.70.41
88109.50.43
89109.70.44
90109.70.46
91109.70.48
92109.70.49
93109.60.51
94109.60.53
95109.60.54
96109.60.56
97109.60.58
98109.60.59
99109.50.61
100109.60.62
101109.60.64
102109.60.66
103109.70.67
104109.70.69
105109.70.71
106109.70.72
107109.70.74
108109.70.76
109109.60.77
110109.70.79
111109.70.80
112109.70.82
113109.70.84
114109.60.85
115109.70.87
116109.70.89
117109.70.90
118109.70.92
119109.70.94
120110.70.96
121111.70.98
122112.21.00
123112.81.03
124113.41.07
125113.91.10
126114.21.14
127114.41.19
128114.61.23
129114.81.27
130114.81.32
1311151.37
132114.81.42
133114.91.46
134114.91.51
135114.81.56
136114.81.60
137114.81.65
138114.81.70
139114.81.74
140114.81.79
141114.81.84
142114.71.88
143114.71.93
144114.71.97
145114.62.02
146114.62.06
147114.62.11
148114.72.15
149114.62.20
150114.62.24
151114.62.29
152114.82.33
153114.72.38
154114.62.42
155114.62.47
156114.62.51
157114.72.56
158114.72.60
159114.72.65
160114.62.69
161114.62.74
162114.72.78
163114.52.83
164114.62.87
165114.62.92
166114.72.96
167114.53.00
168114.73.05
169114.73.09
170114.73.14
171114.73.19
172114.73.23
173114.73.28
174114.63.32
175114.63.37
176114.63.41
177114.63.46
178114.73.50
179114.63.55
180115.23.59
181116.33.65
182117.43.72
183118.73.81
184119.63.92
185121.14.07
186122.14.25
187123.34.48
188124.44.77
189125.55.13
190126.45.58
191127.26.10
192128.16.73
193128.77.45
194129.18.25
195129.59.12
196129.810.06
19713011.04
198130.112.05
199130.113.07
20013014.08
20113015.08
20213016.08
20313017.08
20413018.08
20513019.08
206129.920.07
207129.921.05
208129.922.03
209129.722.99
210129.723.93
211129.824.88
212129.625.82
213129.626.74
214129.627.67
215129.628.59
216129.729.52
217129.630.45
218129.731.38
219129.632.32
220129.633.24
221129.734.17
222129.635.10
223129.636.02
224129.636.95
225129.537.86
226129.538.76
227129.539.67
228129.540.57
229129.841.50
230129.742.45
231129.743.40
232129.744.34
233129.745.28
234129.746.22
235129.747.16
236129.748.10
237129.749.04
238129.749.98
239129.750.92
240129.651.86
241129.752.79
242129.653.72
243129.654.64
244129.755.57
245129.756.52
246129.757.46
247129.758.40
248129.659.33
249129.760.26
250129.761.20
251129.762.14
252129.763.09
253129.764.03
254129.764.97
255129.765.91
256129.766.85
257129.667.78
258129.868.72
259129.569.66
260129.770.58
261129.771.52
262129.672.45
263129.773.38
264129.774.32
265129.675.26
266129.676.18
267129.677.10
268129.778.03
269129.778.97
270129.679.91
271130.680.93
272131.382.15
273132.383.59
274132.985.29
275133.487.18
276133.989.27
277134.391.56
278134.593.99
279134.696.50
280134.899.08
281134.9101.75
282134.9104.44
283134.9107.13
284134.9109.82
285134.9112.51
286134.8115.17
287134.8117.81
288134.7120.42
289134.6122.98
290134.6125.51
291134.6128.04
292134.6130.58
293134.5133.08
294134.5135.56
295134.6138.07
296134.4140.55
297134.6143.04
298134.6145.57
299134.5148.07
300134.5150.56
301134.5153.04
302134.4155.49
303134.4157.93
304134.4160.36
305134.5162.82
306134.5165.30
307134.4167.75
308134.5170.21
309134.5172.69
310134.4175.15
311134.5177.61
312134.4180.06
313134.5182.52
314134.5185.00
315134.5187.48
316134.5189.96
317134.5192.45
318134.5194.93
319134.5197.41
320134.5199.89
321134.5202.37
322134.4204.83
323134.4207.26
324134.4209.69
325134.5212.15
326134.5214.63
327134.5217.11
328134.4219.57
329134.5222.03
330134.5224.51
331134.5226.99
332134.4229.45
333134.4231.88
334134.5234.34
335134.5236.82
336134.5239.30
337134.4241.76
338134.5244.21
339134.5246.69
340134.5249.18
341134.5251.66
342134.5254.14
343134.5256.62
344134.5259.10
345134.5261.58
346134.5264.07
347134.5266.55
348134.4269.00
349134.4271.44
350134.5273.89
351134.5276.37
352134.5278.86
353134.5281.34
354134.4283.79
355134.4286.23
356134.4288.66
357134.4291.09
358134.5293.55
359134.5296.03
360134.5298.51
361134.4300.97
362134.5303.42
363134.6305.93
364134.4308.41
365134.6310.90
366134.6313.43
367134.5315.93
368134.6318.44
369134.6320.97
370134.6323.51
371134.6326.04
372134.6328.57
373134.6331.10
374134.6333.64
375134.6336.17
376134.6338.70
377134.6341.23
378134.6343.76
379134.5346.27
380134.5348.75
381134.5351.23
382134.6353.74
383134.5356.25
384134.5358.73
385134.4361.19
386134.6363.67
387134.6366.20
388134.6368.73
389134.6371.27
390134.6373.80
391134.5376.31
392134.3378.74
393134.5381.17
394134.5383.65
395134.6386.16
396134.6388.69
397134.5391.20
398134.6393.70
399134.5396.21
400134.5398.69
401134.5401.18
402134.5403.66
403134.5406.14
404134.6408.65
Process Lethality
Time (min)
Temperature (F)
Core temperature
Sheet1
Time (min)
F-value (min)
Lethality
0
0.0000038137
0.0000116972
0.0000223059
0.0000359442
0.0000533231
0.0000749774
0.0001023896
0.0001372352
0.0001817463
0.0002389689
0.0003127198
0.0004075323
0.0005269959
0.0006778719
0.0008701293
0.0011151182
0.0014308702
0.0018277895
0.0023245692
0.00296484
0.0037787363
0.004761941
0.0059175725
0.007261195
0.0087923084
0.0105023614
0.0123742676
0.0143825781
0.016472825
0.0186057202
0.0207601549
0.022981881
0.0252708986
0.0275370311
0.0298031636
0.0320921812
0.0343811987
0.0366702163
0.0389363488
0.0411795963
0.0434228438
0.0456889764
0.0479779939
0.0502441264
0.0524649465
0.0547086516
0.0569747841
0.0592180316
0.0614612792
0.0636820992
0.0658804919
0.0680788845
0.0702772772
0.0724980972
0.0747413448
0.0769621648
0.0791829849
0.081403805
0.0836021976
0.0858005903
0.0880442954
0.0906472231
0.0940019871
0.0982664788
0.1035919558
0.1101685406
0.1180417666
0.1270017628
0.137128517
0.148546016
0.1607867619
0.1739382378
0.188037987
0.2024224859
0.2174121829
0.2328511641
0.2482901453
0.2640441353
0.2799572205
0.2961983002
0.3127673745
0.3293364488
0.3459055231
0.3624745974
0.3788780183
0.3952814391
0.4118505134
0.4280915931
0.4443326728
0.4609017471
0.4774708215
0.4940398958
0.5104433166
0.526681084
0.5429188514
0.5591566188
0.5753943862
0.5916321536
0.6077075798
0.6237830061
0.6400207735
0.6562585409
0.6726619617
0.689231036
0.7058001103
0.7223691846
0.7389382589
0.7555073333
0.7719107541
0.788314175
0.8048832493
0.8214523236
0.8380213979
0.8544248187
0.8708282396
0.8873973139
0.9039663882
0.9205354625
0.9371045368
0.9555278971
0.9780748649
1.0042097207
1.0334316635
1.0664184999
1.1032604759
1.1431699942
1.1851358032
1.2288315795
1.274328638
1.3207445263
1.3681171216
1.415489717
1.4623791281
1.509742062
1.556631473
1.6030473614
1.6494632497
1.6958791381
1.7422950264
1.7887109147
1.8351268031
1.881078637
1.9265664164
1.9720541959
2.0170871999
2.0616654285
2.1062436572
2.1512766612
2.1963096652
2.2408878938
2.2854661224
2.3309631809
2.3769150148
2.4219480188
2.4665262474
2.5111044761
2.5561374801
2.6016252596
2.647113039
2.6921460431
2.7367242717
2.7817572757
2.8263445978
2.8704771444
2.915055373
2.960088377
3.0046756991
3.0492630212
3.0947508007
3.1402385801
3.1857263596
3.2312141391
3.2767019185
3.3217349226
3.3663131512
3.4108913798
3.4554696084
3.5005026124
3.5455356165
3.5929855276
3.6495670071
3.7202256885
3.8104838608
3.9226952815
4.0667318999
4.250965503
4.481550222
4.7720866654
5.1349071874
5.5780342653
6.1037053853
6.7283760279
7.4535562139
8.2549814771
9.1238433654
10.0560185526
11.0362229632
12.0464247018
13.0668281789
14.0770299174
15.0770299174
16.0770299174
17.0770299174
18.0770299174
19.0770299174
20.0670321677
21.0470366683
22.027041169
22.9876459029
23.9288508702
24.8796577644
25.821054727
26.743439831
27.6658249349
28.5882100388
29.5200050744
30.45180011
31.3835951456
32.3153901813
33.2377752852
34.1695703208
35.1013653564
36.0237504603
36.9461355643
37.8592988928
38.763240446
39.6671819992
40.5711235523
41.5032987395
42.4541056338
43.3953106011
44.3365155683
45.2777205356
46.2189255029
47.1601304701
48.1013354374
49.0425404047
49.9837453719
50.9249503392
51.8567453748
52.7885404104
53.720335446
54.6427205499
55.5745155855
56.5157205528
57.4569255201
58.3981304874
59.329925523
60.2617205586
61.2029255258
62.1441304931
63.0853354604
64.0265404276
64.9677453949
65.9089503622
66.8501553294
67.781950365
68.7233473276
69.6555225148
70.5780957751
71.5193007423
72.4510957779
73.3828908135
74.3240957808
75.2558908164
76.1782759203
77.1006610243
78.0324560599
78.9736610271
79.9054560627
80.9310675606
82.1456238195
83.5914153888
85.2852343181
87.1770082239
89.2698137811
91.5606992598
93.9932028755
96.5001487278
99.084605568
101.7481548898
104.4386026347
107.1290503797
109.8194981246
112.5099458695
115.1734951913
117.8101460901
120.4204364131
122.9785326776
125.5107954593
128.043058241
130.5753210227
133.082266875
135.5638957978
138.0708416501
140.5529767976
143.0351119451
145.5673747268
148.074320579
150.5559495019
153.0375784247
155.4943966428
157.926404156
160.3584116693
162.8152298873
165.2968588102
167.7536770282
170.2104952463
172.6921241691
175.1489423872
177.6057606052
180.0625788233
182.5193970413
185.0010259642
187.482654887
189.9642838098
192.4459127327
194.9275416555
197.4091705783
199.8907995012
202.372428424
204.8292466421
207.2612541553
209.6932616686
212.1500798867
214.6317088095
217.1133377323
219.5701559504
222.0269741684
224.5086030913
226.9902320141
229.4470502322
231.8790577454
234.3358759635
236.8175048863
239.2991338092
241.7559520272
244.2127702453
246.6943991681
249.1760280909
251.6576570138
254.1392859366
256.6209148594
259.1025437823
261.5841727051
264.065801628
266.5474305508
269.0042487688
271.4362562821
273.8930745002
276.374703423
278.8563323458
281.3379612687
283.7947794867
286.226787
288.6587945133
291.0908020265
293.5476202446
296.0292491674
298.5108780903
300.9676963083
303.4245145264
305.9314603786
308.4135955261
310.8957306736
313.4279934553
315.9349393076
318.4418851598
320.9741479415
323.5064107232
326.0386735049
328.5709362866
331.1031990683
333.63546185
336.1677246317
338.6999874134
341.2322501951
343.7645129768
346.2714588291
348.7530877519
351.2347166748
353.741662527
356.2486083793
358.7302373021
361.1870555202
363.6691906677
366.2014534494
368.7337162311
371.2659790128
373.7982417945
376.3051876467
378.7376912624
381.1701948781
383.651823801
386.1587696532
388.6910324349
391.1979782872
393.7049241395
396.2118699917
398.6934989146
401.1751278374
403.6567567603
406.1383856831
408.6453315354
Time (min)
F-value (min)
Lethality
62
70.9
72.6
73.9
75.1
76.3
77.3
78.6
79.7
81
82.2
83.5
84.7
85.8
87
88.2
89.4
90.7
91.7
92.9
94.2
95.3
96.1
96.9
97.6
98.2
98.7
99.1
99.4
99.5
99.6
99.6
99.9
99.9
99.8
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.9
99.9
99.8
99.7
99.9
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.8
99.8
99.7
99.8
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.9
101.1
102.4
103.5
104.6
105.6
106.4
106.9
107.6
108.1
108.3
108.8
109
109
109.4
109.3
109.4
109.5
109.5
109.7
109.7
109.7
109.7
109.7
109.6
109.7
109.7
109.5
109.7
109.7
109.7
109.7
109.6
109.6
109.6
109.6
109.6
109.6
109.5
109.6
109.6
109.6
109.7
109.7
109.7
109.7
109.7
109.7
109.6
109.7
109.7
109.7
109.7
109.6
109.7
109.7
109.7
109.7
109.7
110.7
111.7
112.2
112.8
113.4
113.9
114.2
114.4
114.6
114.8
114.8
115
114.8
114.9
114.9
114.8
114.8
114.8
114.8
114.8
114.8
114.8
114.7
114.7
114.7
114.6
114.6
114.6
114.7
114.6
114.6
114.6
114.8
114.7
114.6
114.6
114.6
114.7
114.7
114.7
114.6
114.6
114.7
114.5
114.6
114.6
114.7
114.5
114.7
114.7
114.7
114.7
114.7
114.7
114.6
114.6
114.6
114.6
114.7
114.6
115.2
116.3
117.4
118.7
119.6
121.1
122.1
123.3
124.4
125.5
126.4
127.2
128.1
128.7
129.1
129.5
129.8
130
130.1
130.1
130
130
130
130
130
130
129.9
129.9
129.9
129.7
129.7
129.8
129.6
129.6
129.6
129.6
129.7
129.6
129.7
129.6
129.6
129.7
129.6
129.6
129.6
129.5
129.5
129.5
129.5
129.8
129.7
129.7
129.7
129.7
129.7
129.7
129.7
129.7
129.7
129.7
129.6
129.7
129.6
129.6
129.7
129.7
129.7
129.7
129.6
129.7
129.7
129.7
129.7
129.7
129.7
129.7
129.7
129.6
129.8
129.5
129.7
129.7
129.6
129.7
129.7
129.6
129.6
129.6
129.7
129.7
129.6
130.6
131.3
132.3
132.9
133.4
133.9
134.3
134.5
134.6
134.8
134.9
134.9
134.9
134.9
134.9
134.8
134.8
134.7
134.6
134.6
134.6
134.6
134.5
134.5
134.6
134.4
134.6
134.6
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.4
134.4
134.4
134.5
134.5
134.4
134.5
134.5
134.4
134.5
134.4
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.4
134.4
134.4
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.4
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.4
134.4
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.4
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.4
134.4
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.4
134.4
134.4
134.4
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.4
134.5
134.6
134.4
134.6
134.6
134.5
134.6
134.6
134.6
134.6
134.6
134.6
134.6
134.6
134.6
134.6
134.6
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.6
134.5
134.5
134.4
134.6
134.6
134.6
134.6
134.6
134.5
134.3
134.5
134.5
134.6
134.6
134.5
134.6
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.6
Time (min)
Temperature (F)
Core temperature
Chart3
62
70.9
72.6
73.9
75.1
76.3
77.3
78.6
79.7
81
82.2
83.5
84.7
85.8
87
88.2
89.4
90.7
91.7
92.9
94.2
95.3
96.1
96.9
97.6
98.2
98.7
99.1
99.4
99.5
99.6
99.6
99.9
99.9
99.8
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.9
99.9
99.8
99.7
99.9
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.8
99.8
99.7
99.8
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.9
101.1
102.4
103.5
104.6
105.6
106.4
106.9
107.6
108.1
108.3
108.8
109
109
109.4
109.3
109.4
109.5
109.5
109.7
109.7
109.7
109.7
109.7
109.6
109.7
109.7
109.5
109.7
109.7
109.7
109.7
109.6
109.6
109.6
109.6
109.6
109.6
109.5
109.6
109.6
109.6
109.7
109.7
109.7
109.7
109.7
109.7
109.6
109.7
109.7
109.7
109.7
109.6
109.7
109.7
109.7
109.7
109.7
110.7
111.7
112.2
112.8
113.4
113.9
114.2
114.4
114.6
114.8
114.8
115
114.8
114.9
114.9
114.8
114.8
114.8
114.8
114.8
114.8
114.8
114.7
114.7
114.7
114.6
114.6
114.6
114.7
114.6
114.6
114.6
114.8
114.7
114.6
114.6
114.6
114.7
114.7
114.7
114.6
114.6
114.7
114.5
114.6
114.6
114.7
114.5
114.7
114.7
114.7
114.7
114.7
114.7
114.6
114.6
114.6
114.6
114.7
114.6
115.2
116.3
117.4
118.7
119.6
121.1
122.1
123.3
124.4
125.5
126.4
127.2
128.1
128.7
129.1
129.5
129.8
130
130.1
130.1
130
130
130
130
130
130
129.9
129.9
129.9
129.7
129.7
129.8
129.6
129.6
129.6
129.6
129.7
129.6
129.7
129.6
129.6
129.7
129.6
129.6
129.6
129.5
129.5
129.5
129.5
129.8
129.7
129.7
129.7
129.7
129.7
129.7
129.7
129.7
129.7
129.7
129.6
129.7
129.6
129.6
129.7
129.7
129.7
129.7
129.6
129.7
129.7
129.7
129.7
129.7
129.7
129.7
129.7
129.6
129.8
129.5
129.7
129.7
129.6
129.7
129.7
129.6
129.6
129.6
129.7
129.7
129.6
130.6
131.3
132.3
132.9
133.4
133.9
134.3
134.5
134.6
134.8
134.9
134.9
134.9
134.9
134.9
134.8
134.8
134.7
134.6
134.6
134.6
134.6
134.5
134.5
134.6
134.4
134.6
134.6
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.4
134.4
134.4
134.5
134.5
134.4
134.5
134.5
134.4
134.5
134.4
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.4
134.4
134.4
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.4
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.4
134.4
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.4
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.4
134.4
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.4
134.4
134.4
134.4
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.4
134.5
134.6
134.4
134.6
134.6
134.5
134.6
134.6
134.6
134.6
134.6
134.6
134.6
134.6
134.6
134.6
134.6
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.6
134.5
134.5
134.4
134.6
134.6
134.6
134.6
134.6
134.5
134.3
134.5
134.5
134.6
134.6
134.5
134.6
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.5
134.6
Time (min)
Temperature (F)
Core temperature
Process Lethality
PROCESS LETHALITY DETERMINATION
z =11.4FT ref =130FProduct name: _____________________________gr beefDate: _____________14-Jan
Data Table
TimeCoreF-valueInstructions:
(min)Temp ( F)(min)
0620
170.90.00challenge studies on your product,
272.60.00or reference values from the literature
373.90.00that poperly represent your product.
475.10.00
576.30.00temperatures in col. B and C
677.30.00(overwrite example data).
778.60.00
879.70.00computed cumulative F value.
9810.00Definitions:
1082.20.00
1183.50.00
1284.70.00associated T ref required to kill 90%
1385.80.00of the selected microorganism; a one
14870.00log reduction.
1588.20.00
1689.40.00
1790.70.00change the D-value by a factor of ten.
1891.70.00
1992.90.00
2094.20.00equivalent time of heating at a
2195.30.00reference temperature.
2296.10.00
2396.90.01
2497.60.01
2598.20.01for each product and organism must be used.
2698.70.01
2799.10.01
2899.40.01
2999.50.02
3099.60.02
3199.60.02
3299.90.02
3399.90.03
3499.80.03
3599.90.03
3699.90.03
3799.90.03
3899.90.04
3999.80.04
4099.80.04
4199.80.04
4299.90.05
4399.90.05
4499.80.05
4599.70.05
4699.90.05
4799.80.06
4899.80.06
4999.80.06
5099.70.06
5199.70.07
5299.70.07
5399.70.07
5499.80.07
5599.80.07
5699.70.08
5799.80.08
5899.70.08
5999.70.08
6099.70.09
6199.90.09
62101.10.09
63102.40.09
64103.50.10
65104.60.10
66105.60.11
67106.40.12
68106.90.13
69107.60.14
70108.10.15
71108.30.16
72108.80.17
731090.19
741090.20
75109.40.22
76109.30.23
77109.40.25
78109.50.26
79109.50.28
80109.70.30
81109.70.31
82109.70.33
83109.70.35
84109.70.36
85109.60.38
86109.70.40
87109.70.41
88109.50.43
89109.70.44
90109.70.46
91109.70.48
92109.70.49
93109.60.51
94109.60.53
95109.60.54
96109.60.56
97109.60.58
98109.60.59
99109.50.61
100109.60.62
101109.60.64
102109.60.66
103109.70.67
104109.70.69
105109.70.71
106109.70.72
107109.70.74
108109.70.76
109109.60.77
110109.70.79
111109.70.80
112109.70.82
113109.70.84
114109.60.85
115109.70.87
116109.70.89
117109.70.90
118109.70.92
119109.70.94
120110.70.96
121111.70.98
122112.21.00
123112.81.03
124113.41.07
125113.91.10
126114.21.14
127114.41.19
128114.61.23
129114.81.27
130114.81.32
1311151.37
132114.81.42
133114.91.46
134114.91.51
135114.81.56
136114.81.60
137114.81.65
138114.81.70
139114.81.74
140114.81.79
141114.81.84
142114.71.88
143114.71.93
144114.71.97
145114.62.02
146114.62.06
147114.62.11
148114.72.15
149114.62.20
150114.62.24
151114.62.29
152114.82.33
153114.72.38
154114.62.42
155114.62.47
156114.62.51
157114.72.56
158114.72.60
159114.72.65
160114.62.69
161114.62.74
162114.72.78
163114.52.83
164114.62.87
165114.62.92
166114.72.96
167114.53.00
168114.73.05
169114.73.09
170114.73.14
171114.73.19
172114.73.23
173114.73.28
174114.63.32
175114.63.37
176114.63.41
177114.63.46
178114.73.50
179114.63.55
180115.23.59
181116.33.65
182117.43.72
183118.73.81
184119.63.92
185121.14.07
186122.14.25
187123.34.48
188124.44.77
189125.55.13
190126.45.58
191127.26.10
192128.16.73
193128.77.45
194129.18.25
195129.59.12
196129.810.06
19713011.04
198130.112.05
199130.113.07
20013014.08
20113015.08
20213016.08
20313017.08
20413018.08
20513019.08
206129.920.07
207129.921.05
208129.922.03
209129.722.99
210129.723.93
211129.824.88
212129.625.82
213129.626.74
214129.627.67
215129.628.59
216129.729.52
217129.630.45
218129.731.38
219129.632.32
220129.633.24
221129.734.17
222129.635.10
223129.636.02
224129.636.95
225129.537.86
226129.538.76
227129.539.67
228129.540.57
229129.841.50
230129.742.45
231129.743.40
232129.744.34
233129.745.28
234129.746.22
235129.747.16
236129.748.10
237129.749.04
238129.749.98
239129.750.92
240129.651.86
241129.752.79
242129.653.72
243129.654.64
244129.755.57
245129.756.52
246129.757.46
247129.758.40
248129.659.33
249129.760.26
250129.761.20
251129.762.14
252129.763.09
253129.764.03
254129.764.97
255129.765.91
256129.766.85
257129.667.78
258129.868.72
259129.569.66
260129.770.58
261129.771.52
262129.672.45
263129.773.38
264129.774.32
265129.675.26
266129.676.18
267129.677.10
268129.778.03
269129.778.97
270129.679.91
271130.680.93
272131.382.15
273132.383.59
274132.985.29
275133.487.18
276133.989.27
277134.391.56
278134.593.99
279134.696.50
280134.899.08
281134.9101.75
282134.9104.44
283134.9107.13
284134.9109.82
285134.9112.51
286134.8115.17
287134.8117.81
288134.7120.42
289134.6122.98
290134.6125.51
291134.6128.04
292134.6130.58
293134.5133.08
294134.5135.56
295134.6138.07
296134.4140.55
297134.6143.04
298134.6145.57
299134.5148.07
300134.5150.56
301134.5153.04
302134.4155.49
303134.4157.93
304134.4160.36
305134.5162.82
306134.5165.30
307134.4167.75
308134.5170.21
309134.5172.69
310134.4175.15
311134.5177.61
312134.4180.06
313134.5182.52
314134.5185.00
315134.5187.48
316134.5189.96
317134.5192.45
318134.5194.93
319134.5197.41
320134.5199.89
321134.5202.37
322134.4204.83
323134.4207.26
324134.4209.69
325134.5212.15
326134.5214.63
327134.5217.11
328134.4219.57
329134.5222.03
330134.5224.51
331134.5226.99
332134.4229.45
333134.4231.88
334134.5234.34
335134.5236.82
336134.5239.30
337134.4241.76
338134.5244.21
339134.5246.69
340134.5249.18
341134.5251.66
342134.5254.14
343134.5256.62
344134.5259.10
345134.5261.58
346134.5264.07
347134.5266.55
348134.4269.00
349134.4271.44
350134.5273.89
351134.5276.37
352134.5278.86
353134.5281.34
354134.4283.79
355134.4286.23
356134.4288.66
357134.4291.09
358134.5293.55
359134.5296.03
360134.5298.51
361134.4300.97
362134.5303.42
363134.6305.93
364134.4308.41
365134.6310.90
366134.6313.43
367134.5315.93
368134.6318.44
369134.6320.97
370134.6323.51
371134.6326.04
372134.6328.57
373134.6331.10
374134.6333.64
375134.6336.17
376134.6338.70
377134.6341.23
378134.6343.76
379134.5346.27
380134.5348.75
381134.5351.23
382134.6353.74
383134.5356.25
384134.5358.73
385134.4361.19
386134.6363.67
387134.6366.20
388134.6368.73
389134.6371.27
390134.6373.80
391134.5376.31
392134.3378.74
393134.5381.17
394134.5383.65
395134.6386.16
396134.6388.69
397134.5391.20
398134.6393.70
399134.5396.21
400134.5398.69
401134.5401.18
402134.5403.66
403134.5406.14
404134.6408.65
Process Lethality
Time (min)
Temperature (F)
Core temperature
Sheet1
Time (min)
F-value (min)
Lethality
0
0.0000038137
0.000011