process valves model selection...

VXE SeriesVXK2 SeriesVX2 SeriesVDW Series

VXV3 Series

VX3 Series

VDW Series

Fluid

Air

Action

VDWVX2

VXK2VXEVX3VXDVXZVXP

VQ20/30VNAVNB

ø3.2, ø4, ø6

ø6, ø8, ø10, ø12

ø10, ø3/8", ø12

ø10, ø3/8", ø12

ø6, ø8, ø10, ø12

Series

Only low wattage, DC type

Zero pressure differential operation

For dry air

Remarks—

M5

6

1/8

Applicable port size

One-touch fittings 8

1/4

Direct operated

Pilot operated

External pilot piston

Fluid

Vacuum

Action

VDWVX2

VXK2VX3/VXV3

VNBVDWVX2VX3XL

XM/XYXVD

Series

Option: V, M

Flow rate adjustment

Lowvacuum

Mediumvacuum

Highvacuum

Remarks—

M5

6

1/8

8

1/4

Vacuum

Process Valves Model Selection 1

For product specifications such as maximum operating pressure differentials and operating temperature ranges, refer to the relevent pages of each product.

Air

Direct operated


Direct operated


2A

XL Series XM/XY Series XVD Series

VXP SeriesVXZ Series VQ20/30 Series VNB SeriesVNA SeriesVXD Series


Thread type fitting (Nominal dia. A/Upper, Nominal dia. B/Lower) Flange fitting (Nominal dia. A/Upper, Nominal dia. B/Lower)

10

3/8

15

1/2

20

3/4

25

1

32

1 1/4

40

1 1/2

50

2

32

1 1/4

40

1 1/2

50

2

Page


Thread type fitting (Nominal dia. A/Upper, Nominal dia. B/Lower)

Vacuum KF: 16, 25, 40, 50, 63, 80, 100, 160; K63, 80, 100, 160

Vacuum KF: 16, 25, 40, 50, 63, 80; K63, 80

For VCR 1/4; For swage lock: 1/4

Flange fitting (Nominal dia. A/Upper, Nominal dia. B/Lower)

10

3/8

15

1/2

20

3/4

25

1

32

1 1/4

40

1 1/2

50

2

32

1 1/4

40

1 1/2

50

2

Page

P.453

P.27

P.81

P.257

P.377

P.113

P.171

P.311

P.513

P.559

P.567

P.453

P.27

P.81

P.377

P.567

P.453

P.27

P.377

Model Selection

BestPneumaticsNo. 10

3

VX2

VXK

VXD

VXZ

VXS

VXB

VXE

VXP

VXR

VXH

VXF

VX3

VXA

A

VXD Series

VDW Series VX2 Series VXE Series

VXZ Series

VXK2 Series

Fluid

Water

Action

VDWVX2

VXK2VXEVX3VXDVXZVXPVXRVXHVNB

Series

Only low wattage, DC type


Water hammer relief

Only AC type, 2 MPa or less

Remarks—

M5

6

1/8

8

1/4

Direct operated

Pilot operated


Fluid

Heated water

Action

VX2VXK2VX3VXDVXZVXPVXRVNB

Series

Option: E, P

Zero pressure differential operation, Option

Option: E, P

Water hammer relief, Option: D

Remarks—

M5

6

1/8

8

1/4

Direct operated

Pilot operated


Water

Heated water

ø3.2, ø4, ø6


One-touch fittings



4

VXR Series VNB Series

VX3 Series VXP Series

VXH Series


10

3/8

15

1/2

20

3/4

25

1

32

1 1/4

40

1 1/2

50

2

32

1 1/4

40

1 1/2

P.453

P.27

P.81

P.257

P.377

P.113

P.171

P.311

P.323

P.333

P.567

P.27

P.81

P.377

P.113

P.171

P.311

P.323

P.567

50

2

Page





10

3/8

15

1/2

20

3/4

25

1

32

1 1/4

40

1 1/2

50

2

32

1 1/4

40

1 1/2

50

2

Page

Model Selection

5

VX2

VXK

VXD

VXZ

VXS

VXB

VXE

VXP

VXR

VXH

VXF

VX3

VXA

VX2 Series VXE Series

VXB Series VXP Series VXR Series VNA Series

VXK2 Series VXS Series

Fluid

Oil

Action

VX2VXK2VXEVX3VXHVXDVXZVXPVXRVNAVNB

Series

Only low wattage, DC type, Option: A, H

Option: A, D, H, N

Only AC type, 1.5 MPa or less


Option: A, D, H, N

Water hammer relief, Option: A, D

Remarks—

M5

6

1/8

8

1/4

Direct operated

Pilot operated


Steam

Fluid

Steam

Action

VX2VXK2VX3VXSVXBVXPVND

Series

Option: S, Q

Option: S

Remarks—

M5

6

1/8

8

1/4

Direct operated


Pilot operated



Oil


6

VX3 Series

VNB Series VND Series

VXH Series VXD Series


10

3/8

15

1/2

20

3/4

25

1

32

1 1/4

40

1 1/2

50

2

32

1 1/4

40

1 1/2

50

2

Page





10

3/8

15

1/2

20

3/4

25

1

32

1 1/4

40

1 1/2

50

2

32

1 1/4

40

1 1/2

50

2

Page

P.27

P.81

P.257

P.377

P.333

P.113

P.171

P.311

P.323

P.559

P.567

P.27

P.81

P.377

P.215

P.239

P.311

P.633

Model Selection

7

VX2

VXK

VXD

VXZ

VXS

VXB

VXE

VXP

VXR

VXH

VXF

VX3

VXA

VXE Series VCH400 SeriesVXH Series VCH40 Series

High pressure compressed air

Fluid Action

VXEVXH

VCH40VCH400

Series

Only low wattage, DC type, 3 MPa or less

Only AC type, 2 MPa or less

Only G thread type, 5 MPa or less

Remarks

∗

—

M5

6

1/8

8

1/4

10

3/8

Direct operated

Pilot operated

Coolant

Fluid

Coolant

Action

SGCSGHVNCVNH

Series Remarks—

M5

6

1/8

8

1/4

10

3/8


Chemical liquids, Pure water

Fluid Action

LVLVM

Series

Female thread type, with fittings type available

With fittings type, female thread type available

Remarks—

M5

6

1/8

8

1/4

10

3/8

Pilot operated

Direct operated

∗ Only G thread type

∗ Body ported: M5; Base mounted: M6

Dust collector

Fluid

Dust collector

Action

VXF2

Series

Dedicated for dust collector

Remarks20

3/4

25

1

40

1 1/2

50

2

Pilot operated



High pressure compressed

air

Chemical liquids, Pure water

8

VXF2 Series

LVM Series

SGC Series VNC Series VNH SeriesSGH Series

LV Series


∗

∗

20

3/4

15

1/2

∗

∗

25

1

32

1 1/4

40

1 1/2

50

2

32

1 1/4

40

1 1/2

50

2

Page


20

3/4

15

1/2

25

1

32

1 1/4

40

1 1/2

50

2

32

1 1/4

40

1 1/2

50

2

65

2 1/2

80

3

Page

P.257

P.333

P.431

P.436

P.575

P.597

P.617

P.627


20

3/4

25

1

32

1 1/4

40

1 1/2

50

2

32

1 1/4

40

1 1/2

50

2

Page

P.683

P.527






80

3

15

1/2

65

2 1/2

90

3 1/2

100

4

Page

P.335

Model Selection

∗

9

VX2

VXK

VXD

VXZ

VXS

VXB

VXE

VXP

VXR

VXH

VXF

VX3

VXA

C, b

Indication byinternational standard

S

Cv

Cv

Conformed standard

ISO 6358: 1989JIS B 8390: 2000

JIS B 8390: 2000Equipment: JIS B 8379, 8381-1, 8381-2

IEC60534-1: 2005IEC60534-2-3: 1997JIS B 2005-1: 2012JIS B 2005-2-3: 2004Equipment: JIS B 8471, 8472, 8473

ANSI/(NFPA)T3.21.3 R1-2008

Table (1) Indication of Flow Rate Characteristics

Kv

—

—

—

—

Pneumaticequipment

Process fluidcontrol

equipment

Correspondingequipment

Otherindications

1. Indication of flow rate characteristicsThe flow rate characteristics in equipment such as a solenoid valve, etc. are indicated in their specifications as shown in Table (1).

2. Pneumatic equipment2.1 Indication according to the international standards(1) Conformed standard

ISO 6358: 1989 : Pneumatic fluid power—Components using compressible fluids—Determination of flow rate characteristics

JIS B 8390: 2000 : Pneumatic fluid power—Components using compressible fluids—How to test flow rate characteristics

(2) Definition of flow rate characteristicsThe flow rate characteristics are indicated as a result of a comparison between sonic conductance C and critical pressure ratio b.Sonic conductance C : Value which divides the passing mass flow rate of an equipment in a choked flow

condition by the product of the upstream absolute pressure and the density in a standard condition.

Critical pressure ratio b : Pressure ratio (downstream pressure/upstream pressure) which will turn to a choked flow when the value is smaller than this ratio.

Choked flow : The flow in which the upstream pressure is higher than the downstream pressure and where sonic speed in a certain part of an equipment is reached. Gaseous mass flow rate is in proportion to the upstream pressure and not dependent on the downstream pressure.

Subsonic flow : Flow greater than the critical pressure ratioStandard condition : Air in a temperature state of 20°C, absolute pressure 0.1 MPa (= 100 kPa = 1 bar),

relative humidity 65%.It is stipulated by adding the “(ANR)” after the unit depicting air volume.(standard reference atmosphere)Conformed standard: ISO 8778: 1990 Pneumatic fluid power—Standard referenceatmosphere, JIS B 8393: 2000: Pneumatic fluid power—Standard reference atmosphere

(3) Formula for flow rateIt is described by the practical units as following.WhenP2 + 0.1———— ≤ b, choked flowP1 + 0.1 293Q = 600 x C (P1 + 0.1) ———— ·····························································(1) 273 + TWhen P2 + 0.1———— > b, subsonic flowP1 + 0.1

Solenoid Valve Flow Rate Characteristics(How to indicate flow rate characteristics)

P2 + 0.1 ———— – b P1 + 0.1 Q = 600 x C (P1 + 0.1) 1 – —————— ———— ···························· (2) 1 – b

2

293273 + T

10

ød2

ød1

3d3

3d210d23d110d1≥10d3

ød3≥3d1

Q : Air flow rate [L/min (ANR)]C : Sonic conductance [dm3/(s·bar)], dm3 (Cubic decimeter) of SI = L (liter).b : Critical pressure ratio [—]P1 : Upstream pressure [MPa]P2 : Downstream pressure [MPa]T : Temperature [°C]Note) Formula of subsonic flow is the elliptic analogous curve.Flow rate characteristics are shown in Graph (1) For details, please use the calculation software available from SMC website.

Example)Obtain the air flow rate for P1 = 0.4 [MPa], P2 = 0.3 [MPa], T = 20 [°C] when a solenoid valve is performed inC = 2 [dm3/(s·bar)] and b = 0.3.

293According to formula 1, the maximum flow rate = 600 x 2 x (0.4 + 0.1) x ————— = 600 [L/min (ANR)] 273 + 20

0.3 + 0.1Pressure ratio = ————— = 0.8 0.4 + 0.1Based on Graph (1), it is going to be 0.7 if it is read by the pressure ratio as 0.8 and the flow ratio to be b = 0.3.Hence, flow rate = Max. flow x flow ratio = 600 x 0.7 = 420 [L/min (ANR)]

(4) Test methodAttach a test equipment with the test circuit shown in Fig. (1) while maintaining the upstream pressure to a certain level which does not go below 0.3 MPa. Next, measure the maximum flow to be saturated in the first place, then measure this flow rate at 80%, 60%, 40%, 20% and the upstream and downstream pressure. And then, obtain the sonic conductance C from this maximum flow rate. In addition, calculate b using each data of others and the subsonic flow formula, and then obtain the critical pressure ratio b from that average.

10.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

00 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

EquipmentC , b

P2

Q

P1

b = 0.10.2

0.5

0.6

0.3

0.4

Pressure ratio (P2 + 0.1) / (P1 + 0.1)

Airsupply

Pressure controlequipment

Thermometer

Pressure gauge orpressure convertor

Differential pressure gauge ordifferential pressure converter

Flow controlvalve

Filter

Pipe for measuringtemperature

Pipe formeasuring

pressure in theupstream side

Pipe formeasuring

pressure in thedownstream side

Equipmentfor test

Shut offvalve

Flow meter

Fig. (1) Test circuit based on ISO 6358: 1989, JIS B 8390: 2000

Graph (1) Flow rate characteristics

Flo

w r

ate

ratio

Example

11

Solenoid Valve Flow Rate Characteristics

VX2

VXK

VXD

VXZ

VXS

VXB

VXE

VXP

VXR

VXH

VXF

VX3

VXA

Fig. (2) Test circuit based on JIS B 8390: 2000

Pressure switch

Timer (Clock)Pressure recorder

Controlcircuit

Thermometer

Air tank

Pressure controlequipment

Shut offvalve

FilterAirsupply

Rec

tifie

r tu

be in

the

dow

nstr

eam

sid

e

Rec

tifie

r tu

be in

the

upst

ream

sid

e

Powersupply

Solenoid valveEquipmentfor test

Pressure gaugeor pressureconvertor

2.2 Effective area S(1) Conformed standard

JIS B 8390: 2000: Pneumatic fluid power—Components using compressible fluids—Determination of flow rate characteristicsEquipment standards: JIS B 8373: Solenoid valve for pneumatics

JIS B 8379: Silencer for pneumaticsJIS B 8381-1: Fittings for pneumatics—Part 1: Push-in fittings for thermoplastic resin tubingJIS B 8381-2: Fittings for pneumatics—Part 2: Compression fittings for thermoplastic resin tubing

(2) Definition of flow rate characteristicsEffective area S : The cross-sectional area having an ideal throttle without friction deduced from the calcula-

tion of the pressure changes inside an air tank or without reduced flow when discharging the compressed air in a choked flow, from an equipment attached to the air tank. This is the same concept representing the “easy to run through” as sonic conductance C.

(3) Formula for flow rateWhenP2 + 0.1———— � 0.5, choked flowP1 + 0.1 293Q = 120 x S (P1 + 0.1) ———— ··································································(3) 273 + TWhen P2 + 0.1———— > 0.5, subsonic flowP1 + 0.1 293Q = 240 x S (P2 + 0.1) (P1 – P2) ———— ··············································(4) 273 + TConversion with sonic conductance C:S = 5.0 x C·······································································································(5)

Q : Air flow rate[L/min(ANR)]S : Effective area [mm2]P1 : Upstream pressure [MPa]P2 : Downstream pressure [MPa]T : Temperature [°C]Note) Formula for subsonic flow (4) is only applicable when the critical pressure ratio b is the unknown

equipment. In the formula (2) by the sonic conductance C, it is the same formula as when b = 0.5.

(4) Test methodAttach a test equipment with the test circuit shown in Fig. (2) in order to discharge air into the atmosphere until the pressure inside the air tank goes down to 0.25 MPa (0.2 MPa) from an air tank filled with the compressed air at a certain pressure level (0.5 MPa) which does not go below 0.6 MPa. At this time, measure the discharging time and the residual pressure inside the air tank which had been left until it turned to be the normal values to determine the effective area S, using the following formula. The volume of an air tank should be selected within the specified range by corresponding to the effective area of an equipment for test. In the case of JIS B 8379, the pressure values are in parentheses and the coefficient of the formula is 12.9. V Ps + 0.1 293S = 12.1 — log10 (—————) —— ·················(6) t P + 0.1 TS : Effective area [mm2]V : Air tank capacity [L]t : Discharging time [s]Ps : Pressure inside air tank

before discharging [MPa]P : Residual pressure inside air tank

after discharging [MPa]T : Temperature inside air tank

before discharging [K]


12

2.3 Flow coefficient Cv factorThe United States Standard ANSI/(NFPA)T3.21.3: R1-2008R: Pneumatic fluid power—Flow rating test procedure and reporting method for fixed orifice componentsThis standard defines the Cv factor of the flow coefficient by the following formula that is based on the test conducted by the test circuit analogous to ISO 6358. QCv = ——————————— ·········································································(7) ∆P (P2 + Pa) 114.5 —————— T1

∆P : Pressure drop between the static pressure tapping ports [bar]P1 : Pressure of the upstream tapping port [bar gauge]P2 : Pressure of the downstream tapping port [bar gauge]:P2 = P1 – ∆PQ : Flow rate [L/s standard condition]Pa : Atmospheric pressure [bar absolute]T1 : Upstream absolute temperature [K] Test conditions are < P1 + Pa = 6.5 ± 0.2 bar absolute, T1 = 297 ± 5K, 0.07 bar ≤ ∆P � 0.14 bar.This is the same concept as effective area A which ISO 6358 stipulates as being applicable only when the pressure drop is smaller than the upstream pressure and the compression of air does not become a problem.

3. Process fluid control equipment(1) Conformed standard

IEC60534-1: 2005: Industrial-process control valves. Part 1: control valve terminology and general considerations

IEC60534-2-3: 1997: Industrial-process control valves. Part 2: Flow capacity, Section Three-Test procedures

JIS B 2005-1: 2012: Industrial-process control valves – Part 1: Control valve terminology and general considerationsJIS B 2005-2-3: 2004: Industrial-process control valves – Part 2: Flow capacity – Section 3: Test proceduresEquipment standards: JIS B 8471: Solenoid valve for water

JIS B 8472: Solenoid valve for steamJIS B 8473: Solenoid valve for fuel oil

(2) Definition of flow rate characteristics

Kv factor: Value of the clean water flow rate represented by m3/h that runs through the valve (equipment for test) at 5 to 40°C, when the pressure difference is 1 x 105 Pa (1 bar). It is calculated using the following formula:

1 x 105Kv = Q ———— · ——— ········································································(8) ∆P 1000Kv : Flow coefficient [m3/h]Q : Flow rate [m3/h]∆P : Pressure difference [Pa] : Density of fluid [kg/m3]

(3) Formula of flow rateIt is described by the practical units. Also, the flow rate characteristics are shown in Graph (2).In the case of liquid: ∆PQ = 53Kv ———— ···············································································(9) GQ : Flow rate [L/min]Kv : Flow coefficient [m3/h]∆P : Pressure difference [MPa]G : Relative density [water = 1]In the case of saturated aqueous vapor: Q = 232Kv ∆P(P2 + 0.1) ·······································································(10)Q : Flow rate [kg/h]Kv : Flow coefficient [m3/h]∆P : Pressure difference [MPa]P1 : Upstream pressure [MPa]: ∆P = P1 – P2

P2 : Downstream pressure [MPa]

ρ

ρ


13

VX2

VXK

VXD

VXZ

VXS

VXB

VXE

VXP

VXR

VXH

VXF

VX3

VXA


Example 1)Obtain the pressure difference when water [15 L/min] runs through the solenoid valve with a Kv = 1.5 m3/h.As the flow rate when Kv = 1 is calculated as the formula: Q0 = 15 x 1/1.5 = 10 [L/min], read off ∆P when Q0 is 10 [L/min] in Graph (2). The reading is 0.036 [MPa].

Example 2)Obtain the saturated steam flow rate when P1 = 0.8 [MPa] and ∆P = 0.008 [MPa] with a solenoid valve with a Kv = 0.05 [m3/h]. Read off Q0 when P1 is 0.8 and ∆P is 0.008 in Graph (2), the reading is 20 kg/h. Therefore, the flow rate is calculated as the formula: Q = 0.05/1 x 20 = 1 [kg/h].

Conversion of flow coefficient:Kv = 0.865 Cv ···········································································(11)

Here,Cv factor: Value of the clean water flow rate represented by US gal/min that runs through the valve at 40 to

100°F, when the pressure difference is 1 lbf/in2 (psi)Value is different from Kv and Cv factors for pneumatic purpose due to different test method.

(4) Test methodConnect the equipment for the test to the test circuit shown in Fig. (3), and run water at 5 to 40°C. Then, measure the flow rate with a pressure difference where vaporization does not occur in a turbulent flow (pressure difference of 0.035 MPa to 0.075 MPa when the inlet pressure is within 0.15 MPa to 0.6 MPa). However, as the turbulent flow is definitely caused, the pressure difference needs to be set with a large enough difference so that the Reynolds number does not fall below 1 x 105, and the inlet pressure needs to be set slightly higher to prevent vaporization of the liquid. Substitute the measurement results in formula (8) to calculate Kv.

Fig. (3) Test circuit based on IEC60534-2-3, JIS B 2005-2-3

Test range

Equipmentfor test

Thermometer

Throttle valvein the

upstream side

Throttle valve in thedownstream side

Flowmeter

Pressuretap

2d

≥ 20d ≥ 7d

6d

Pressuretap

Wat

er fl

ow r

ate

Q0

[L/m

in] (

Whe

n K

v =

1)

Sat

urat

ed s

team

flow

rat

e Q

0 [k

g/h]

(w

hen

Kv

= 1

)

Pressure differential ∆P [MPa]

Upstream pressure

P1 = 1 MPaP1 = 0.8 MPa

P1 = 0.6 MPa

P1 = 0.5 MPa

P1 = 0.1 MPa

P1 = 0.2 MPa

P1 = 0.4 MPa

Example 2

Example 1

P1 = 0.3 MPa

1

10

100

1

10

100

0.001 0.01 0.1

20

3

4

30

20

5

30

0.002 0.003 0.02 0.03 0.040.004

2

3

45

2

50

4040

50

Graph (2) Flow rate characteristics

14

For Air

Dow

nstr

eam

pre

ssur

e of

val

ve (P

2) M

Pa Upstream pressure of valve P1 Approx. 1.0 MPa

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0

Subsonic

Sonic

Critical

pressure

Flow rate Q L/min(ANR)

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

50 100 150 200 250 300 400350

100 200 300 400 500

1,000

400 600

600

800 1,000 1,200

200 1,400

350 700

400 700 1,000 1,300

500 700

700 1,000

ø2

ø3

ø4

ø5

ø7

ø8

ø10

ø10

For Saturated Steam

Dow

nstr

eam

pre

ssur

e of

val

ve (P

2) M

Pa Upstream pressure of valve P1 Approx. 1.0 MPa

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0

Subsonic

Sonic

Flow rate Q kg/h

0.1

(664) (183)

(663) (179)

(662) (174)

(661) (170)

(660) (164)

(658) (158)

(656) (151)

(654) (143)

(650) (133)

(646) (120) 0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.70.8

0.9

5 10 15 2520

10 15 20 25 45403530

40

2010 30

30

40 50 60

50 60 70 80

20 30

20

40 60

30 45

35 50

How to read the graphThe sonic range pressure to generate a flow rate of 15 kg/h isP1 Approx. 0.55 MPa for ø2 orifice and P1 Approx. 0.28 MPa for ø3 orifice.The holding heat slightly differs depending on the pressure P1, but at 15 kg/h it is approximately 9700 kcal/h.

ø2

ø3

ø4

ø5

ø7

ø8

ø10 (Port size: 1/4)

ø10 (Port size: 3/8, 1/2)

Critical

pressure

Flow Rate CharacteristicsNote) Use this graph as a guide. In the case of obtaining an accurate flow rate, refer to pages 10 through to 14.

How to read the graphThe sonic range pressure to generate a flow rate of 400 L/min (ANR) isP1 Approx. 0.2 MPa for a ø4 orifice andP1 Approx. 0.58 MPa for a ø3 orifice.

15

VX2

VXK

VXD

VXZ

VXS

VXB

VXE

VXP

VXR

VXH

VXF

VX3

VXA

Flow Rate Characteristics

For Water

Flo

w r

ate

Q L

/min

30

20

10

543

2

1

0.001 (0.0018) (0.0054) 0.01(0.013)

0.05 (0.07)0.1

Pressure differential ∆P = (P1−P2) MPa

How to read the graphWhen a water flow of 2 L/min is generated, ∆P Approx. 0.013 MPa for a valve with ø3 orifice.

ø4, ø5ø8 ø7

ø3

ø2

ø10

16

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