produced water | session vi - tyler algeo
DESCRIPTION
Water Treatment Market Opportunities in Unconventional Oil & GasTRANSCRIPT
Water Treatment Market Opportunities in Unconventional Oil & Gas
Tyler Algeo,
Senior Research Analyst,
Head of Unconventional Fossil Fuel and Water
1
O2 Environmental Overview
O2 Environmental(Consultancy)
BlueTech Research
(Intelligence Service)
BlueTech Forum(Annual
Conference)May 14th, 2013
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
O2 Technology Assessment Group (TAG)
The BlueTech Research Teamat the 2013 BlueTech Forum
Our scientists and engineers are experts in water technologies and the global water market.
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Four Core Practice Areas
Water Re-use and Alternative Water Sources
Unconventional Fossil Fuels and Water
Energy and Resource Recovery
Smart Water
What Clients Use our Service for
Identify new market opportunities and areas for growth
Competitor Analysis & Technology Analysis
Analyzing water technology patent trends and identifying water technology licensing, investment and acquisition opportunities
Other Benefits:– Educational tool for engineers and scientists in the
organization– Identification of strategic partners – Support in identifying R&D directions, and unique solutions for
client problems
Shale Gas in Context
Conventional56%Tight
10%
Shale28%
Coalbed6%Remaining technically recoverable natural gas resources by
type, end-2011
Source: www.worldenergyoutlook.org
What is produced water from shale gas?
Typical depth >3,000ft (914m)
Frack Fluids
Flowback, mostly Frack Fluid
Produced Water – formation water and Frack Fluids
Initial Fracking up to a few weeks (large volumes)
Ongoing Produced Water (small volumes)
Flowback Ongoing Produced Water
Produced Water Volumes Over Time
WaterShale Gas
Producing Time (up to a month)
Pro
du
cti
on
Ra
te
By mass the primary contaminant is Salt
TDSTSS
Polymers
SVOCs
Hydro
carb
ons
VOCs
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
Contaminant
Ty
pic
al C
on
cn
etr
ati
on
Ra
ng
e (
mg
/L)
Technology Trends
TSSElectrocoagulation
Sock Filter
Clarifier
Oil & GreaseDissolved Air Floatation
Induced Air Floatation
Walnut Filter
BacteriaChlorine disinfection
UV disinfection
Ozone disinfection
Primary treatment technologies are mostly genericMetals (Ba, Sr)Chemical Precipitation (Sodium-Sulfate, Lime,
etc.)
Ozone
Electrocoagulation
HardnessLime and soda ash
Iron (Fe)Precipitation with NaOH
SulfatePrecipitation with
BaChloride
Membrane (Nanofiltration)
Proprietary technologies tend to be desalination technologies
Reverse Osmosis Evaporator Crystallizer
< 45,000 ppm 45,000 – 120,000 ppm 120,000 – 300,000ppm
Technology Used
TDS Concentration
Pri-mary Treatment Only50%
Pri-mary and De-
salina-tion
Treatment21%
De-salina-
tion Treatment Only29%
Key Market Trends in Shale Gas Produced Water Treatment
• The route to market is through Oil & Gas Service Providers
• Disposal of Produced Water is dominated by ‘truck and haul’ to disposal wells
• On-site reuse for fracking instead of treatment for discharge is resulting in reduced treatment requirements– Reuse driven by challenges in both disposal of Produced Water
and in sourcing fresh water for fracking
• Innovative water treatment technologies in the shale gas produced water space tend to be thermal treatment technologies and some membranes
Water Treatment in the Alberta Oil Sands
15
In-Situ or Mining Depends on Depth of Overburden
Photo Source: University of Alberta
InSitu Oil Sands Production
Cyclic Steam Stimulation (CSS) Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD)
Produced Water Treatment (Deoiling)
Skim Tank
Induced Gas Flotation
Depth Filter
Makeup Water
SAGD Treatment Train Options
DRUM Boiler Steam Generation
Trends in Water Treatment Technologies in the Oil Sands
Mining
Steam Extraction
Once Through Steam Generators
Conventional Treatment (WLS, Filter, WAC)
In-Situ
Research into non-water based extraction methods
DRUM Boilers
Use of Evaporators
Key Market Trends in Oil Sands Produced Water Treatment
• The primary route to market for treatment equipment is through selling to E&P.– Extraction is a water based process – any setback in water
treatment is lost oil production
• The industry is interested in robust technologies that are simple, have a small footprint, and are modular.– New technologies must be proven through extensive piloting– Primarily targeting oil removal (as well as silica, hardness, and
dissolved organics)
• Innovative water treatment technologies in the oil sands tend to be thermal treatment technologies and some membranes
Research into Alternative Treatment Trains
Veolia CeraMem has been piloting Ceramic Membranes
COSIA has been piloting Ceramic Membranes
Testing of membranes as pre-treatment for RO
Pre-Treatment Reverse Osmosis Steam Generator
Evaporator
100% 75%
25%
25%
Evaporative and Membrane Technologies
22
Ceramic Membranes in Water and Wastewater are Predominantly Monoliths/Multichannel Elements
Ceramic Membrane
Materials in order of
Prevalence
𝛼 - Al2O3
Alpha-
Alumina
TiO2 Titania
SiCSilicon
Carbide
ZrO2 Zirconia
SiO2 Silica
ɣ - Al2O3 Gama -
Alumina
Ceramic Membrane Advantages to Oil and Gas Industry
Robust
High Effluent Quality
Simple Process
Modular
Ability to handle high temperature and pressure
Can feed advanced treatment (RO, IX, Evap)
Reduced number of unit processes, footprint
Reduced Installation cost, easy expansion, suitable for offshore
Companies offering or piloting Ceramic Membranes for the Oil and Gas Industry
Veolia CeraMem (SiC)
LiqTech (SiC)
Hyflux (alumina)
Purifics (SiC)
KSM Water (Alumina)(formerly 3C Membranes)
Meidensha (alumina)
Desalination Technologies
Most evaporative technologies appear to be based on Mechanical Vapor Recompression
Alternative desalination technologies include:– Membrane Distillation– Electro-chemical – Humidification-Dehumidification
Examples of Early Stage ZLD Companiesin the BlueTech Research Innovation Tracker
Company Technology Type Development Stage
Memsys Clearwater Membrane Distillation Commercial
Altela Humidification-Dehumidification
Demonstration Scale
Saltworks Technologies
Humidification-Dehumidification
Demonstration Scale
Saltworks Technologies Electro-Chemical Demonstration
Scale
Atlantis Electro-Chemical Pilot Scale