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Product Data Summary

2

Perstorp products enhance a vast amount of end

products that are important in the everyday lives

of people throughout the world. Starting with raw

materials from the petrochemical industry, value is

added in a series of steps to provide a range of

specialty chemicals.

This brochure presents the typical data for our

products. Specifi cations are available on our product

data sheets (PDS). General product infor mation is

presented on our material safety data sheets (MSDS).

This information can be accessed on our website or

through your Perstorp sales representa tive.

High-quality solutions

Acids Appearance Color Hazen Purity % Water % Molecular max. min. max. weight2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-EHA) Liquid 10 99.5 0.10 144.2Formic Acid Liquid 85.0 ± 1 46.0Phthalic Anhydride Flakes 30 99.8 - 148.1Propionic Acid Liquid 15 99.5 0.20 74.1

Alcohols Appearance Color Hazen Purity % Water % Acidity % max. min. max. max.n-Butanol Liquid 5 99.85 0.05 0.0012-Ethylhexanol Liquid 5 99.5 0.05 0.002Isobutanol Liquid 10 99.6 0.10 0.002n-Propanol Liquid 5 99.8 0.1 0.003

AldehydesIsobutyraldehyde Liquid 15 99.0 1.5 0.5n-Butyraldehyde Liquid 15 99.0 1.5 0.5Propionaldehyde Liquid 15 99.0 1.5 0.2

AlkoxylatesName Functionality

Hydroxyl number (mg KOH/g)

Molecular weight (g/mol)

Viscosity (mPas, 23 °C)

Polyol R2395 2 395 276 350

Polyol R2490 2 490 220 170

Polyol 3165 3 165 1014 350

Polyol 3380 3 380 444 360

Polyol 3610 3 610 275 700

Polyol 3611 3 611 275 700

Polyol 3940 3 940 179 4000

Polyol 3990 3 990 170 4500

Polyol R3215 3 215 795 340

Polyol R3430 3 430 398 400

Polyol R3530 3 530 308 2000

Polyol R3540 3 540 311 550

Polyol R3600 3 600 275 700

Polyol 4290 4 290 797 450

Polyol 4360 4 360 629 1300

Polyol 4525 4 525 426 2600

Polyol 4640 4 640 355 1100

Polyol 4800 4 800 282 2200

Polyol R4630 4 630 350 1500

Polyol R4631 4 631 356 1500

Polyol R6405 6 405 827 1900

Allyl Ethers Reactive group Molecular weight AppearanceAllyl Pentaerythritol (APE) 1 hydroxyl 255.5 Liquid 3 allylTrimethylolpropane Diallyl Ether (TMPDE 80) 1 hydroxyl 210.7 Liquid 2 allylTrimethylolpropane Diallyl Ether (TMPDE 90) 1 hydroxyl 2 allyl 213.9 LiquidTrimethylolpropane Monoallyl Ether (TMPME) 2 hydroxyl 174.2 Liquid 1 allyl

4

Concrete Admixtures Appearance Main effect Chemical Use basis

Superplasticizers Peramin Conpac 149S Powder Dispersing PC Grouts/Casein replacementPeramin Conpac FG Liquid Dispersing PC Raw material for admixturesPeramin F40 Liquid Dispersing SMF Raw material for admixturesPeramin FP Powder Dispersing SMF Raw material for admixturesPeramin FSP Powder Dispersing SMF Raw material for admixturesPeramin P35 Liquid Dispersing SMF GypsumPeramin SMF10 Powder Dispersing SMF Dry mortarPeramin SMF11 Powder Dispersing/ Long pot-life SMF GroutsPeramin SMF20 Powder Dispersing/ Low emission SMF Self levelling screedPeramin SMF22 Powder Dispersing/ Low emission SMF Gypsum screedsPeramin SMF30 Powder Extreme dispersing SMF Injection groutsPeramin SMF31 Powder Dispersing SMF Casein replacement

Shrinkage Reducing AdmixturesPeramin SRA10 Powder Shrink Cyclo aliphatic reduction ether alcohol Dry mortarPeramin SRA110 Liquid Shrink Cyclo aliphatic reduction ether alcohol ConcretePeramin SRA330 Liquid Shrink Blend of reduction polyalcohols Concrete

AcceleratorsCalcium Formate Powder Accelerate setting Calcium Formate Dry mortar/Tile adhesive

Food and Feed Physical Active Molecular Solubility in form ingredients weight water, 20° C

Acidifi ers and SilageAdditivesAcetic Acid Liquid 60.0 UnlimitedAmmofor Liquid Formic Acid and Ammonia UnlimitedFormic Acid Liquid 46.0 UnlimitedProens Liquid Formic and Propionic Acid UnlimitedPromyr Liquid Formic, Propionic Acid and Ammonia UnlimitedProsid™ CF30 Solid Calcium Formate 130.1 SolubleProsid™ SP77 Solid Sodium Propionate 96.1 Soluble

Beechwood Creosote Liquid Guaiacol Limited

Formates and Sulphate Physical Purity % Molecular Solubility in form weight water, 20° CCalcium Formate Solid >98.0 130.1 SolubleSodium Formate Solid >97.0 68.0 SolubleSodium Sulphate Solid >99.0 142.0 Soluble

Hydroxy Acids Appearance Reactive group Molecular Hydroxyl Acid weight number numberDimethylolpropionic Acid Crystals 2 hydroxyl 134.4 835 415(Bis-MPA) 1 carboxyl

Plasticizers Acid value mg Color Hazen Ester content % Free alcohol % Viscosity Water % KOH/g max. max. min. max. (mPas) max.Dioctyl Phthalate 0.04 25 99.7 0.05 0.05(DOP)Perafl ex P 244 0.5 10 98.5 8 0.1Perafl ex P 888 0.05 30 99.7 0.10

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Polyalcohols Appearance Reactive group Molecular Hydroxyl Melting weight number pointButyl Ethyl Propanediol Semi-crystalline 2 hydroxyl 161.0 695 44(BEPD) BEPD70L Liquid 2 hydroxyl 146.1 795 <21 °CMethyl Propanediol (MPD) Liquid 2 hydroxyl 90.8 1230 LiquidNeopentyl Glycol (Neo) Flakes 2 hydroxyl 104.2 1077 129Neo 90 Liquid (90 % in water) 2 hydroxyl 104.2 1077 35Trimethylolpropane (TMP) Flakes 3 hydroxyl 135.1 1247 59Di-Trimethylolpropane(Di-TMP) Flakes 4 hydroxyl 250.5 895 111Di-TMP micronized Powder < 250 µm 4 hydroxyl 250.5 895 111Pentaerythritol (Penta)mono grade Crystals 4 hydroxyl 136.4 1645 262Penta mono grade micronized Powder < 40 µm 4 hydroxyl 136.4 1645 262Penta mono grade super micronized Powder < 15 µm 4 hydroxyl 136.4 1645 262Penta nitration grade Crystals 4 hydroxyl 136.4 1645 262Penta tech grade Crystals 4 hydroxyl 142.5 1615 248Penta tech grade micronized Powder < 40 µm 4 hydroxyl 142.5 1615 248Penta tech grade super micronized Powder < 15 µm 4 hydroxyl 142.5 1615 248Di-Penta Crystals 6 hydroxyl 254.1 1325 222Di-Penta micronized Powder < 40 µm 6 hydroxyl 254.1 1325 222Di-Penta super micronized Powder < 15 µm 6 hydroxyl 254.1 1325 222

Special products Appearance Reactive group Molecular Hydroxyl Melting weight number rangeCyclic Trimethylolpropane Formal (CTF) Liquid 1 hydroxyl 145.9 385 LiquidOxymer™ N112 Crystals 2 hydroxyl 1000 112 100Polyol PX Semi-crystalline 2.9 hydroxyl 198.4 840 80-100Polyol PX 70 Liquid (70 % in water) 2.9 hydroxyl 198.4 840 LiquidTrimethylolpropane 1 hydroxylOxetane (TMPO) Liquid 1 oxetane 115.2 485 Liquid

Dendritic PolymersBoltorn® H20 Amorphous 16 hydroxyl 2100 515 80-110Boltorn® H30 Amorphous 32 hydroxyl 3500 500 80-110Boltorn® H40 Amorphous 64 hydroxyl 5100 490 80-110Boltorn® H311 Viscous liquid hydroxyl groups 5700 245 LiquidBoltorn® H2003 Viscous liquid 12 hydroxyl 2500 290 LiquidBoltorn® H2004 Viscous liquid 6 hydroxyl 3200 125 LiquidBoltorn® P500 Viscous liquid 19 hydroxyl 2000 630 LiquidBoltorn® P1000 Viscous liguid 14 hydroxyl 1500 470 LiquidBoltorn® W3000 Semi-crystalline non ionic, air drying 8000 15 25-30 °C

Appearance Use

Coalescers NX 795 Esteralcohol Liquid Coalescing agent for aqueous dispersions NX 800 Ester Liquid Low odor coalescing agent for aqueous dispersions

Appearance Monopenta Di-Penta Water content % content % solubility %

Products for intumescent coatingsCharmor™ PM40 Powder < 40 µm 99 5.3 Charmor™ PT40 Powder < 40 µm 91 7 4.7Charmor™ DP40 Powder < 40 µm 95 0.2Charmor™ PM 15 Powder < 15 µm 99 5.3Chramor™ PT15 Powder < 15 µm 91 7 4.7Charmor™ DP15 Powder < 15 µm 95 0.2Charmor™ LP70 Liquid Soluble

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid

(2-EHA)

Formic Acid

Phthalic Anhydride

Propionic Acid

n-Butanol

2- Ethylhexanol

Isobutanol

n-Propanol

Isobutyraldehyde

n-Butyraldehyde

Propionaldehyde

Neopentyl Glycol

Propoxylate

Dimethylolpropionic Acid

(Bis-MPA)

Pentaerythritol (Penta)

Di-Pentaerythritol

(Di-Penta)

Trimethylolpropane

(TMP)

Di-Trimethylolpropane

(Di-TMP)

Butyl Ethyl Propanediol

(BEPD)

Methyl Propanediol

(MPD)

Neopentyl Glycol (Neo)

Cyclic Trimethylolpropane

Formal (CTF)

Trimethylolpropane

Oxetane (TMPO)

Trimethylolpropane

Diallyl Ether

TMPDE 80

O

H OH

O

O

O

COOH

OH

OH

COOH

OH

OH

O

H

O

H

O

H

HO O

O

OHHOO

HO

HO OHHO OH

OH

OH

OH

HO OHO OH

OH

OH

OH

OHO OH

OH

OH

OHHO

HO OH

HO OH

O

OOH

OOH

OOO

HO

Hm n

Pentaerythritol

Ethoxylate O

OO

O

OO

H

On

pm

OH

q

Trimethylolpropane

Ethoxylate O

OO

O

OO

H

p

n

p

Products for waterborne coatings

2 3

Intermediates for safer cost-effective coatingsOver recent decades waterborne coatings have made

large inroads into a number of applications such as

architectural paints, industrial wood coatings and

metal coatings for many OEM applications. Their

environmentally friendly profile and the broad

spectrum of waterborne coating technologies cur-

rently available now make it possible for end users

to enjoy the fruits of novel research.

An innovative approachAs a world leader in several sectors of the specialty

chemicals market, and as part of its innovative

approach to promoting sustainable development,

Perstorp has developed a number of intermediates

for use in waterborne coatings. These include a

number of raw materials for producers of waterborne

polyesters and polyurethane dispersions, as well as

niche resins and additives for coating formulators.

Dedicated productsPerstorp products for waterborne coatings presented

in this brochure are:

Bis-MPA - dispersing monomer for polyurethane

dispersions (PUDs) and waterborne polyesters.

Oxymer™ range - polycarbonate diols for PUD.

BEPD and Neo - glycols for waterborne polyesters.

Boltorn® W3000 - an emulsifying resin for making

waterborne paints.

NX 795 and NX 800 - coalescing agents for aqueous

latex dispersions.

Committed to youPerstorp is committed to offering specialty chemicals

and technologies that help our customers and end

users to develop high-performance products that

have minimal impact on the environment. We

welcome your ideas and questions regarding the

formulation and application of waterborne coatings.

2

Intermediates for safer cost-effective coatings

Bis-MPA

Oxymer™

Perstorp is the leading supplier of Bis-MPA (2,2,-

dimethylolpropionic acid) which is the anionic

monomer of choice when preparing polyurethane

dispersions for wood and other industrial coatings,

as well as for leather and textile surface finishes. Bis-

MPA is a critical raw material in this application area

because of its ability to enable polyurethane oligom-

ers to be dispersed in water.

It is a crystalline, high-melting point solid con-

taining two primary hydroxyl groups and one

tertiary carboxyl group as shown below.

Waterborne polyestersThe tertiary carboxylic acid group of Bis-MPA is not

only suitable for PUD production, but also for prepar-

ing waterborne polyesters. Linear or branched polyes-

ters can easily be prepared by direct esterification,

where Bis-MPA is incorporated as a diol with pen-

dant carboxy groups into the polyester backbone.

As continuous product improvement is a major

goal at Perstorp, we are also currently developing

novel dispersion monomers that could complement

Bis-MPA in some applications to enhance end-

product performance.

Polycarbonate diols for PUDPerstorp’s new Oxymer™ range of OH-functional raw

materials for waterborne coatings applications has

recently been introduced to the market. They consist

of polycarbonate diols based on captive glycol tech-

nology. These macrodiols will be offered with differ-

ent molecular weights and compositions to ensure that

different customer needs, such as the right balance

between different film hardness, flexibility, adhesion

and general mechanical performance, are met.

Chemical structure of Bis-MPA

OHHOO

HO

O

O

O nHO OH

Chemical structure of a polycarbonate diol

5

Chemical structure of BEPD

BEPD and NeoGlycols for waterborne polyestersBEPD (2-butyl, 2-ethyl propanediol) is an asymmet-

ric, hydrophobic glycol giving outstanding hydrolytic

resistance to polyester resins and coatings. It is a

solid amorphous (semi-crystalline) diol that melts

easily. The pendant hydrophobic groups coupled

with the glycol structure further give a unique

balance between flexibility and film hardness as well

as low viscosity of the polyester resin. This polyalco-

hol is FDA-approved as a diol for waterborne polyes-

ters used for internal can coating applications.

Neo is a chain extender used together with BEPD,

and it is the main diol in saturated polyesters for

powder coatings where it gives good crystallinity as

well as the desired coating properties. Neo is also

used in liquid saturated polyesters for coatings and

polyurethanes. In unsaturated polyesters, mainly gel

coats, Neo improves water and chemical resistance.

The product is a white crystalline polyhydric

alcohol containing two primary hydroxyl groups.

OHHO

The hydrolytic performance of BEPD and Neo esters

is shown in the diagram.

HO OHChemical structure of Neo

Weeks, storage at 23 °C

9

8,5

8

7,5

70 1 2 3 4 5 6

pH

BEPDNEO

MPD

Hydrolytic stability - adipic esters diol

4

The physical properties of a waterborne paint containing Boltorn® W3000 compared with its solventborne counterpart, as well as with a conventional alkyd emulsion paint.

Dendritic backbone

Hydrophobic chains

Hydrophilic chains

1 nm

High-gloss paint for brush application

Boltorn® W3000-stabilized OL 65 alkyd emulsion

Solventborne OL 65 alkyd (ref)

Conventional OL 65 alkyd emulsion

Boltorn® W3000, wt% in paint 2.3 - -

Alkyd (OL65), wt% in paint 21.4 34.4 -

Alkyd OL65-internally emulsified - - 31.8

Solids content, wt% 49 67 51

PVC 17 17 13

VOC, g/l 0 270 0

Gloss, 60° 93 92 95

Drying*

Dust-free, h 0.5 0.5 0.5

Tack-free, h 4 3 1.5

Through dry, h 5 3.5 15.5

Hard, h 5.5 4 24

* Beck-Koller, glass panels at 23 °C, 50 % humidity, 25 µm DFT

Schematic structure of Boltorn® W3000

The combination of high dispersing efficiency and high

reactivity of Boltorn® W3000 allows the production of

alkyd emulsion-based paints with exceptionally fast

drying rates. This can be seen from the table below.

Boltorn® Dendritic polymers for waterborne coatingsSince the early 1990’s, Perstorp has taken the lead in

bringing cost-effective dendritic polymers to the

market for a number of applications. Our dendritic

polymers are collectively sold under the Boltorn®

trademark.

Now we have modified the structure of our

dendritic polymers to meet the needs of waterborne

coatings technology, thereby offering new opportu-

nities to producers of waterborne paints.

Boltorn® W3000An emulsifying air-drying resin for converting solventborne alkyds into alkyd emulsionsDendritic polymers offer extensive design possibili-

ties. With Boltorn® W3000 we have been able to

develop an amphiphilic dendritic structure that

contains both non-ionic water-dispersible groups as

well as hydrophobic air-drying groups. The result is

a powerful emulsifying resin that enables traditional

high molecular weight solventborne alkyds to be

easily converted to their waterborne equivalents.

7

Coalescing agentsPerstorp offers two high-performance coalescing

agents, NX 795 and our latest product, NX 800. Both

products are non-VOC compliant according to

European legislation. NX 795 and NX 800 effectively

reduce the minimum film-formation temperature

(MFFT), and they provide other benefits regarding

the properties of the end product like higher coating

gloss and film integrity, as well as reduced film

porosity and less cracking.

NX 795Coalescing agent for aqueous latex dispersionsNX 795 is an ester alcohol that acts as an effective

coalescing agent for a number of different latex

paint formulations such as acrylic dispersions,

styrene acrylics and vinylacetete co-polymer disper-

sions. By adding NX 795, the minimum film-forma-

tion temperature of the dispersion paint is reduced.

NX 795 has a boiling point of 254 °C and is not

classified as a HAP substance.

NX 800Coalescing agent for aqueous latex dispersionsNX 800 satisfies customer demands for a low-odor

coalescing agent without compromising performance

and while still complying with the EU VOC directive

for decorative paints. It has a boiling point of 282 °C.

MFF

T (°

C)

35

15

10

5

0

30

25

20

0 2 5

% NX 800 of the dispersion

Acylate polymer

Styrene-acrylate co-polymer

Vinyl acetate co-polymer

Reduction of the MFFT in an acrylate polymer, a styrene acrylate and a vinylacetate co-polymer dispersion by addition of NX 800.

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NX 795Coalescing agent

for aqueous paints

PerformanceNX 795 acts as an effective coalescing agent and film

formation aid in most of the common dispersion paint

binders, e.g. homo- and co-polymers of acrylic and

polyvinyl acetate, butadiene-styrene and vinyl acetate-

ethylene latexes and polyurethane dispersions.

NX 795 reduces the minimum film formation tem-

perature of the formulation and improves the quality

of the formed film. With the coalescent, optimal

paint performance can be obtained even at lower

drying temperatures. NX 795 can therefore ensure

successful results even when painting under less

than ideal conditions.

PropertiesNX 795 ester-alcohol is a film formation additive for

use as a coalescing aid in latex paint formulations.

OOH

O

Isomeric mixture of 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane-1,3-diol monoisobutyrates. CAS no 25265 -77-4EINECS no 246-771-9

Typical properties

Density 0.947 kg/dm3

Solubility at 20 °C

– in water (insoluble)

– water in NX 795 0.9 Weight %

Evaporation rate 0.002 (BuAc = 1)

Refractive index at 20 °C 1.4423

Vapor pressure 293,15 K (20 °C) <0.01 kPa

Boiling point at 101,3 kPa 254 °C

Freezing point –50 °C

How to use NX 795To ensure optimal performance of a latex paint, an

appropriate amount of coalescing aid is needed.

The two main factors determining the correct level

of NX 795 addition are the Minimum Film Form-

ing Temperature (MFFT) of the latex dispersion and

the efficiency of the coalescing aid to decrease the

MFFT. One should also take into account the condi-

tions under which the paint is applied; for indoor

applications MFFT is generally adjusted around 0 °C

to 5 °C, but for outdoor applications the MFFT is

often preferentially adjusted considerably lower.

NX 795 is very efficient in decreasing the MFFT

of aqueous paint formulations. In most cases a suit-

able addition level is 5–10 %, based on latex solids.

The harder the polymer, the higher the level needed,

possibly up to 20 % on the polymer solids.

NX 795 can be easily incorporated into a paint

formulation during the latest stages of paint manu-

facture. After addition of the coalescent, it is gener-

ally recommended to allow the paint to stabilize at

least overnight prior to application or testing.

Volatile organic contentThe high boiling point, >250 °C, and low vapor pres-

sure, <0,01 kPa at 20 °C, indicate a low volatility of

the NX 795 coalescing aid.

NX 795 is classified as non-VOC material in

Europe (1999/13/EC and 2004/42/CE) and as a non-

HAP in the U.S. (Clean Air Act 1990).

Performance in latex paintThe following semigloss acrylic paint formulation

is used to demonstrate the effect of NX 795 perfor-

mance on the finished product:

The semigloss acrylic paint formulation

No Component Weight %

1 Glycol 2.56

pigm

ent grind

2 Water 3.42

3 Amine 0.21

4 Dispersing agent 1 0.21

5 Dispersing agent 2 0.32

6 Levelling aid 0.43

7 Pigment grinding vehicle 3.32

8 White TiO2 pigment 24.81

9 Acrylic copolymer dispersion 62.79

let-dow

n

10 Silicone defoamer 0.86

11 Associative thickener 1.07

TOTAL 100

Solid Content: ca. 55 %, Viscosity: ca. 10.000 mPas,Gloss 60°: ca. 50

Minimum film formation temperatureNX 795 is an extremely effective additive for decreas-

ing the minimum film formation temperature of

latex paints. A substantial reduction in MFFT can be

achieved by adding small amounts of NX 795.

30

20

10

010 2 3 4

% NX 795 of the total formulation

MFFT, °C

Fig. 1. The effect of NX 795 on film formation temperature.

Hardness developmentNX 795 contributes to good hardness development of

the paint film at normal levels of addition. Excessive

amounts of coalescent should be avoided as this will

lead to retarded hardness development.

40

35

30

25

00 5 10 15 20 25 30

Time, days

König pendulum, s

Fig. 2. Hardness development during drying of an acrylic latex paint formulation containing 3 % NX 795.

Storage stability of the paint formulationspH and viscosity stability are essential requirements

for any high-quality paint product. Hydrolysis of the

coalescing aid would affect both of these parameters.

In the following, an experiment is described to dem-

onstrate the stability of NX 795. Paint formulation

with 3 % NX 795 was stored at temperatures of 23 °C

and 50 °C. The pH and viscosity were measured at

regular intervals.

pH stabilityNX 795 is a hydrolytically stable coalescing aid that

is hardly affected by the alkaline nature of typical

latex formulations. Hydrolysis of the coalescing agent

would lead to reduced paint performance.

12

11

10

9

8

70 1 2 3 4

Time, weeks

pH

T = 50 °C

T = 23 °C

Fig. 3. Change in pH during paint storage at an addition level of 3 % NX 795.

Viscosity stabilityIn a stable paint, the paint viscosity is expected to

remain virtually constant over the time of storage.

In the following test, paint samples were stored at

23 °C and 50 °C. Viscosity was measured at speci-

fied intervals by a Brookfield low shear viscometer.

Negligible change of the paint viscosity is a good

indication of the hydrolytic resistance of NX 795

coalescing agent.

12,000

9,000

6,000

3,000

00 1 2 3 4

Time, weeks

Viscosity, mPa·s

T = 23 °C

T = 50 °C

Fig. 4. Viscosity change of a paint formulation during storage with an addition level of 3 % of NX 795.

Conclusions • NX 795 is an effective coalescing aid used to pro-

mote the film formation of various latex paint for-

mulations. Effective coalescence in the latex paint

results in a uniform film with optimal properties.

• NX 795 performs effectively in a variety of latex

formulations including homo- and copolymers of

acrylic and polyvinyl acetate latexes.

• NX 795 does not dissolve in water, but is readily

absorbed by the latex particles. It is therefore an

effective film-forming additive even when apply-

ing paint on porous substrates. Thanks to its water

insolubility, it is ideally suited to paints intended

for use in moist environments.

• NX 795 coalescing agent contributes to widening

the range of practical application temperatures in

many latex paint formulations. Hard latexes can be

used at low temperatures by using NX 795 as the

coalescing aid.

• NX 795 presents an optimal combination of co-

alescing efficiency and hardness development of

the drying latex paint film.

• NX 795 is not classified as a VOC in Europe be-

cause of its high boiling point and low volatility.

Neither is it classified as a HAP in the USA.

• NX 795 shows a very low vapor pressure. Thanks

to this, only very low concentrations of NX 795

are emitted to the surroundings during the use of

paints containing NX 795 as the coalescing agent.

NX 800

• Low-odor coalescing agent for

latex products

• Not classified as VOC substance

• High boiling point, 282 °C

• Easy to incorporate

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IntroductionNX 800 is a new, low-odor coalescing agent. It is

VOC-free and can be used in all aqueous polymer

dispersions. NX 800 is not classified as a hazardous

material in Europe.

PropertiesCompatible – Dissolves in the dispersed polymer.

Effective – Great improvement in film formation

with small additions.

Easy to use – Easy to incorporate and to post-add.

Requires no high-speed dispersion.

Stable – Stable at a wide range of pH values.

Remains stable in formulations without any separa-

tion. Boiling point, 282 °C.

Universal – Effective in most typical dispersion

types: acrylic, styrene-acrylic, acrylic copolymer,

PVAc, copolymer, etc. Can be used in a variety of

formulations, both clear-coats and pigmented.

Low volatility – Ensures long and effective action

in the film.

Non-VOC * – Due to its high boiling point and low

volatility, the product can be used in all formulations

with no effect on the VOC content of the formulation.

* In Europe (1999/13/EC and 2004/42/CE)

Non-soluble in water – Dissolves and stays ef-

fective in the polymer phase. Does not add water

sensitivity to the coating film. Stays in the polymer

and does not penetrate with water into the pores of

porous substrates.

Improved coating performance with NX 800

Increased DecreasedGloss Film porosityBarrier properties Film hardnessFilm integrity Cracking tendencyFlexibility, elasticity Low-temperature filming capability

SupportOur Sales Teams, Technical Service Teams and

Product Managers are ready to assist whenever

needed. Much more assistance can be offered on

an individual basis.

Detailed specifications are available on our product data sheets, and general product information is presented on our material safety data sheets (MSDS).

Visit us at www.perstorp.com to find out more about us and our products.

NX 800Perstorp coalescing agent for latex products

6

Product data summary

Perstorp’s technical service extends beyond R&D

support and into your process, both in the handling

and application of our products for waterborne

coatings. Our wide-ranging capabilities in analytical

chemistry and materials technology are always at

your disposal. As a Perstorp partner, you can always

expect the very best technical support, backed up

with information on the latest developments and

methods in relevant fields.

For application development we have fully equipped

laboratories in Perstorp, Sweden, and in Porvoo,

Finland. We offer you technical information on the

use and performance of our existing products and

even those in the pipeline. We can also help with

special requests.

We regard our customers as partners in jointly

developing solutions based on chemistry delivering

the desired functional properties needed for superior

end-product performance.

Dispersing monomer for PUD and waterborne polyesters

Product Appearance Reactive group

OH-value mg KOH/g

Acid value mg KOH/g

Molecular weight g/mole

Melting point °C

Bis-MPA Crystals2 hydroxyl1 carboxyl

835 415 134.4 180

Polycarbonate Diol for PUD


OH-value mg KOH/g

Acid value mg KOH/g


Melting point °C

Oxymer™ N112 Crystals 2 hydroxyl 112 - 1000 100

Glycols for waterborne polyesters


OH-value mg KOH/g

Acid value mg KOH/g


Melting point °C

BEPD Semi-crystalline 2 hydroxyl 695 - 161.0 44

Neopentyl Glycol (Neo)

Flakes 2 hydroxyl 1077 - 104.2 129

Dispersing resin and anti-blocking agent for waterborne paints


OH-value mg KOH/g

Acid value mg KOH/g


ViscositymPas at 35 °C

Melting point °C

Boltorn®

W3000Semi-

crystallineNon-ionicAir-drying

15 6 8000 2000 25–30

Coalescing agents for latex paints


Acid value mg KOH/g


DensityKg/m3

Boiling point °C

NX 795 Clear liquid Alcohol ester 0.5 216.2 947 254

NX 800 Clear liquid Ester 945 282

BOLTORN® Dendritic Polymers

4

BOLTORN® technology

Our technology is based on captive materials. The

BOLTORN® range is produced from poly alco hol cores

and hydroxy acids. The dendritic structures are

formed by polymerization of the particu lar core and

2,2-dime thylol propio nic acid (Bis-MPA).

The products obtained are hydroxyl-functional

dendritic polyesters. Fully aliphatic and consisting

only of tertiary ester bonds, they normally give

excellent thermal and chemical resistance. Their

extensive bran ching also contributes to better

reactivity, lower viscosity and better balance of

mechanical properties.

BOLTORN® Technology

• Large number of primary hydroxyl groups• Densely branched polymer backbone• Extensive formulation possibilities

5

Product range – polymer building blocks and elastomer crosslinkers

There are currently fi ve base products available

representing a range in molecular weight, hydroxyl

functionality, glass transition temperature (Tg) and

polarity:

• BOLTORN® H20 – 16 terminal hydroxyl groups,

with a nominal molecular weight of 1750 g/mole.

The product is amorphous with a Tg of 25 ˚C.



The product is partly fatty acid-terminated with a

Tg of -5 ˚C.



The product has a Tg of -35 ˚C. It is a liquid at room

temperature with a viscosity of 15 Pas at 23 ˚C.







50%

IFD

[N]

500

450

400

350

300

250

2000 10 20 30

polymer content [wt%]

SAN [31 kg/m3]

Boltorn [31 kg/m3]

6

Perstorp has in partnership with one of the leading

automotive foam suppliers developed a unique

technology where dendritic polymer polyols are used

to improve fi rmness of high-resilience foam articles.

Thanks to this, more than one million car owners

already enjoy superior seating comfort with the help

of BOLTORN® technology.

BOLTORN® polymer polyols provide exceptional

compressive load building characteristics in fl exible

foam at very low addition levels. Compressive loads

are obtained in a truly unique way through a techno-

logy different from that of both conventional polymer

polyols and low molecular weight crosslinkers.

BOLTORN® products withstand load by acting as

a polymeric crosslinker, the crosslink density being

dramatically increased locally, but overall foam

elongation is not negatively affected thanks to the

inherent polymer fl exibility. A remarkable effect on

improved foam fi rmness can thereby be obtained at

very low addition levels.

BOLTORN® polymer polyols for fl exible polyurethane foams

Compressive strength of molded foam articles at different polymer addition levels of BOLTORN® and SAN respectively.

Formulation TDI/SAN TDI/SAN/BOLTORN

Polyol, g 25 67,24Co-polymer polyol, g 75 27,4Boltorn H311 , g 0 5,2DEOA-LF, g 1,5 1,5Water, g 2,09 1,57DABCO 33LV 0,35 0,53Niax A-1 0,08 0,08Tegostab B8719 1 1Total resin 105,02 105,02

TDI pphp@100 Index 29,47 31,83

Water, % 2,2 2,2Density 42 42SAN, wt% 30,4 16,8Boltorn, wt% 0 4,550% IFD [N] 558 558

7

BOLTORN® polymer polyols are typically used to

replace some or all of the graft co-polymer polyols

of the SAN-type. The typical benefi ts seen with

BOLTORN® when replacing conventional technology

in HR- foams are:

• Typically 2 -3 times the effi ciency in providing

com pressive loads (IFD or CFD) at a given addition

(solids) level. Lower average solids levels can thereby

be used.

• Exceptional fi rmness extending beyond current

state-of-the-art technology can be achieved.

• Improved foam stability due to the crosslinking

mechanism.

• Less surface voids of fi nished parts.

• Reduced resin pre-mix viscosity (for molded foam)

thanks to lower average solids levels reduces the

need to pre-heat resin streams prior to molding.

Replacement of SAN with BOLTORN® in existing automotive seating foam articles.

8

BOLTORN® dendritic polymers as crosslinkers for elastomers

The hydroxyl-functional BOLTORN®

products often have excellent solubility

in polyol com ponents for polyurethane

elastomer applications. The high molecu-

lar weight, hydroxyl functionality and

inherent oligomer properties provide

unique hard ness/fl exibility control and

can help improve e.g. scratch resistance,

toughness and thermal resistance in

specifi c applications.

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Acetone double rubs

UV Dose [mJ/cm2]0 50 100

Acrylate of BoltornP1000 3%PI

Reference formulation3%PI

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

10

9

8

7

6

5 0 20 40

wt% Boltorn

Tg [°C] Volume shrinkage [%]

TgShrinkage

9

The high molecular weight and functionality of acrylated BOLTORN® oligomers yield improved hardness and Tg, yet reduced shrinkage and curl, when they replace polyether in a polyether/PEOTA formulation.

BOLTORN® dendritic oligomer precursors for radcure applications

For coatings, the balance between fl ow and other

properties like reactivity, and chemical and scratch

resistance is crucial for meeting the ever-increasing

end-user demands. At the same time, environmental

compliance is a key competitive factor.

Reactivity of monomer-free acrylate based on BOLTORN® P1000 vs. reference coating formulation.

Radcure (radiation curing, typically UV) systems have

gained market share in the past decades for these

reasons because very rapid curing and excellent fi lm

properties are obtained with low or no VOC (Volatile

Organic Compound) emissions.

BOLTORN® products sharpen the competitive edge

of radcure further by providing oligomer precursors,

which when acrylated signifi cantly increase the aver-

age molecular weight of UV-formulations at high

acrylate concentration. The effects of using acrylate

oligomers based on BOLTORN® technology are:

• Excellent reactivity

• Improved fi lm hardness and scratch resistance

• Low shrinkage at high fi lm hardness and Tg

• Exceptional fl ow properties with low extractables

• Improved labeling

• Good adhesion

• Unique molecular weight/viscosity ratio

Acrylates based on BOLTORN® technology are typic ally

used to partly or fully replace urethane acrylates, other

top-end oligomers or polyol cross linkers to give the

formulations an extra boost regarding fi nal properties.

Bloc

king

res

ista

nce,

50

°C

5

4,5

4

3,5

3

2,5

2

1,5

1

0,5

0

[0 = no blocking,

5 = severe blocking]

Reference Ref. + 0.8%U3000

Ref. + 2%U3000

Ref. + 4%U3000

10

BOLTORN® performance resins for waterborne coatingsThe combined branched structure and high end-group

functionality gives BOLTORN® products a unique

strength for applications involving high-solids and

solvent-free coatings. Now, Perstorp has found that

the numerous design possibilities offered by dendritic

polymers can also be applied to waterborne coatings.

The thermoplastic nature of latex paints and the

residual amounts of coalescing agents are known to

cause problems with blocking resistance. When latex

paint surfaces are in contact with each other or other

articles (picture frames, etc.) under pressure and/or

elevated temperature, there is risk of adhesion, which

causes so-called blocking.

For this reason Perstorp has developed a low-

viscous, air-drying dendritic resin with unique fl ow

properties and solubility parameters. When added at

low concen tration together with coaelescing agents,

the product effectively works as an anti-blocking

agent for water borne vinyl acetate co-polymer

architectural paints.

Apart from offering improved blocking resistance

of waterborne dispersion paints, BOLTORN® dendritic

resins offer a convenient way to combine air-drying

oil chemistry with polymer dispersion chemistry to

give coatings for wood protection new dimensions.

A water-dispersible air-drying dendritic product is

under development. The new BOLTORN® product

has exceptional amphiphilic properties along with

air-drying characteristics. The intended use for this

novel BOLTORN® product is as a dispersing resin for

conven tional alkyds and polyesters to help convert

them to waterborne homologues by a simple

blending procedure.

Blocking resistance of paint made from vinylacetate ethylene co-polymer dispersion and effects by adding air-drying BOLTORN® additive. 5 is severe blocking of paint fi lms, whereas 0 is no blocking at all.

Product data summary

POLYMER BUILDING BLOCKS AND CASE POLYOLS

Product Soluble in Appearance Functionality OH-value Mw (GPC) Tg (DMA) Viscosity Mg KOH/g g/mole ºC Pas (ºC)

BOLTORN® H20 NMP, Diglym Opaque 16 490-520 2100 25 6 (110) Acetone pellets Glycols

BOLTORN® H2003 EtOH, MEK, Transparent 12 280-310 2500 -5 1 (110) Toluene

BOLTORN® H2004 EtOH, Yellow 6.4 110-130 3200 -35 15 (23) Toluene, liquid Xylene

BOLTORN® H30 MeOH, Acetone Opaque 32 490-510 3500 35 40 (110) NMP pellets

BOLTORN® H40 MeOH, Acetone Transparent 64 470-500 5100 40 80 (110) MEK pellets

FLEXIBLE FOAM

Product Soluble in Appearance Water cont. OH-value Mw (GPC) Tg (DMA) Viscosity Wt/% Mg KOH/g g/mole ºC Pas (ºC)

BOLTORN® H311 Polyether/ Yellow 9.5-10.5 235-255 - -5 40 (23) polyester liquid polyols

RADCURE

Product Soluble in Appearance Functionality OH-value Mw (GPC) Tg (DMA) Viscosity Mg KOH/g g/mole ºC Pas (ºC)

BOLTORN® H20 Acrylic acid Opaque 16 490-520 2100 25 6(110) +15 % pellets Toluene

BOLTORN® P1000 Acrylic acid Clear 14 430-490 1500 - 5 (23) + Toluene liquid

WATERBORNE COATINGS

Product Soluble in Appearance Functionality Oil length Mw (GPC) Solids, % Viscosity % triglyc. g/mole Pas (ºC)

BOLTORN® U3000 Oils, Yellow Air-drying 77 6500 99 1 (23) coalescents, liquid EtOH, Xylene

BOLTORN® W3000 New New Amphiphilic New New New New Air-drying

Charmor™ for improved intumescent coatings

2 3

New and better ways of combating fire are continu-

ally being developed because of the destructive effects

of heat, flames and smoke on people and property.

This is particularly important in response to the serious

health hazards posed by asbestos and the ever-

increasing use of structural steel in construction projects.

At very high temperatures, steel profiles distort and

become weaker, which may lead to their collapse.

In the event of a fire, winning time is crucial to

evacuating people and limiting the amount of struc-

tural damage. One of the most important measures in

promoting this is intumescent coatings applied to

various surfaces within a building. Nevertheless, even

with these special coatings there is room for significant

improvement of performance in order to win extra

time when fire breaks out.

This is the role of Charmor™ products from Perstorp.

Improving fire-resistanceWe offer high purity micronized polyol prod-

ucts under the Charmor™ brand that improve

the insulation effect of intumescent coatings.

It is the carbon in these systems that forms

a thick fire-resistant char barrier that helps to

prevent the substrate from catching fire or

distorting when a coating is exposed to tempera-

tures over 250 °C. The intumescent process starts

at 250 °C. Steel loses its strength at about 550 °C.

Compared with competitive products, the

better insulation resulting from dedicated

Charmor™ polyols could provide those extra

minutes crucial to taming the ravages of fire.

Our Charmor™ range comprises:• Penta mono micronized in waterborne and

solventborne coatings

• Di-Penta micronized in solventborne coatings,

especially for outdoor applications

• Penta/Di-Penta mix micronized, an alternative in

waterborne or solventborne coatings

• Supermicronized versions of the above products

have resulted from recent development. They give

thicker expanded foam, extra thermal insulation,

and the possibility to formulate clear coats for

other applications, e.g. on wooden panels and

colored walls.

When winning time is crucial

2

As Charmor™ products are manufactured and supplied

by Perstorp they incorporate added value. We have

a genuine interest in ensuring your complete satisfac-

tion with our products and the performance of the

intumescent coatings in which they play an important

role. The major benefits you gain when choosing

Perstorp are:

Pure productsHigh polyol purity, small particle size and narrow

particle size distribution are essential for high and

consistent end-product performance. These are the

main reasons why key suppliers for intumescent

coatings recommend our products, which have a

particle size of less than 40 μm (micronized) and

15 μm(supermicronized) respectively. The absence

of coarse particles means fast incorporation rates in

end products.

Our high product quality is assured by ISO 9001

procedures, and the performance of Charmor™

products is well-documented.

Total responsibilityAs we have our own production plants, we take

charge of the total quality chain from sensitive raw

materials, through manufacturing and milling, to

bagging and distribution. The precise milling tech-

nology used for polyol micronization puts us at the

forefront of this demanding application area.

Convenient handlingCharmor™ products are easy to handle. The polyols

are non-toxic and present minimal risks for personnel

and the working environment. The products are non-

hygroscopic. They are easily stored in a cool warehouse

with virtually no caking.

A world leader Perstorp is a world leader in specialty chemicals. Our

global presence allows you to benefit from economy

of scale, while our local response offers you personal

service. No matter where you are, our worldwide

sales and distribution network is ready to serve you.

Secure supplyPerstorp is the global leader in polyol production.

Therefore you can rest assured of a constant and

uninterrupted supply of high-quality micronized

polyols to help fulfill your manufacturing commit-

ments.

Good technical supportOur personnel – including R&D staff - are closely

involved with both the manufacturing and application

of polyol products, therefore they have the extensive

knowledge needed to answer your questions on all

aspects of the Charmor™ product range.

When winning time is crucial

Why we are the preferred supplier

5

A typical formulation incorporating Charmor™ PM40

(see table below) for a waterborne intumescent

coating is as follows with the functions shown for

respective materials.

Material % FunctionTitanium dioxide 6.0 pigment

Exolit® AP 422 23.0 acid donor

Charmor™ PM40 8.5 carbon donor

Melamine powder 7.5 blowing agent

Water 28.0 base liquid

Mowilith® DM230 22.0 dispersant/binder

Additives 10.5 various

SUBSTRATE

PAINT LAYER

CARBON FOAM250 °C450 °C

650 °C

HEAT SOURCE

NORMAL

Tough char armor protects the body

Product name Polyol Micronized toCharmor™ PM40 Penta mono 40 µm

Charmor™ PT40 Penta/Di-Penta mix 40 µm

Charmor™ DP40 Di-Penta 40 µm

Charmor™ PM15 Penta mono 15 µm

Charmor™ PT15 Penta/Di-Penta mix 15 µm

Charmor™ DP15 Di-Penta 15 µm

Building a foam char barrierWhen a layer of intumescent coating (ca. 1 mm thick)

is exposed to heat of 250 °C and above, it will swell

up 10 to 100 times to build a foam char barrier that

insulates the underlying substrate.

The effect of heat on the intumescent coating has

the following effect:

1. Mowilith® DM230 dispersant/binder melts to allow

further chemical reactions to take place in a soft

matrix.

2. Exolit® AP 422 acid donor decomposes to form

polyphosphoric acid.

3. Polyphosphoric acid reacts with the Charmor™

carbon donor to form polyphosphoric acid esters.

4. The esters decompose to form a foamable carbon

matrix.

5. Melamine blowing agent releases gases that cause

the carbon matrix to create a foam that hardens to

form a tough insulating char barrier adhering to the

substrate.

SUBSTRATE

PAINT LAYER

CARBON FOAM250 °C450 °C

650 °C

HEAT SOURCE

NORMAL

On exposure to temperatures of 250 °C and higher, an intumescent coating gradually expands to form a foam char barrier that insulates the underlying substrate.

4

Protecting life and property everywhere

There is no limit to the application of intumescent

coatings. They are used wherever people and property

need to be protected from fire. Disasters at airports,

subways, dance halls, discos and other venues over

the years, along with the accompanying large loss of

life, stress the importance of using only the best

available fire-resistant materials.

Here we show you just a few of the places that

benefit from the protective power of Charmor™ products.

Offshore platformsCommercial buildingsPublic buildings:Schools, Universities, Hospitals, Theatres, Sports Arenas.Airports and HarborsProduction PlantsOil Refineries

7

20 40 60 800

200

0

400

800

600

1000

1200

Mean temperature rise

Furnace TempUncoated Steel TempCoated Steel Temp

Time (minutes)

Tem

per

atu

reri

se(°

C)

Small changes in individual compounds contained in

intumescent coatings can make a significant improve-

ment to end-product performance. This is seen from

the following data, which show why Charmor™ polyols

from Perstorp are recommended by leading suppliers

for intumescent coatings.

Charmor™ polyols are high performers

The Penta and Di-Penta measurements shown

opposite were made by the Swedish National Testing

and Research Institute, an independent organization.

Tests were performed on paints with a dry film

thickness (DFT) of 300 µm except where mentioned.

Applying an intumescent

coating to a steel plate

dramatically reduces the

rate of temperature rise

compared with uncoated

steel.

6

20 30 40 50 6010

300

200

400

500

600

700

800

Time (minutes)

Tem

per

atu

reri

se(°

C)


Charmor™ DP40Charmor™ DP15Charmor™ PM40Charmor™ PM15

800

20 30 40 50 6010

300

200

400

600

500

700


Penta micron. 1Penta micron. 2Penta micron. 3Charmor™ PM40Charmor™ PM15

Time (minutes)

Tem

per

atu

reri

se(°

C)

Both Charmor™ PM40 and Char-

mor™ PM15 in intumescent coating

formulations give better insulation

effects than competitive products.

Charmor™ PM provides better insula-

tion than Charmor™ DP in water-

borne coatings. Charmor™ PM15 gives

a slight advantage in insulation effect.

Sample DFT/µm Expansion Foam characterCharmor™ DP40 1000 20 Homogenous, soft, compact

Charmor™ DP15 1000 35 Homogenous, soft, relatively compact

Foaming performance of Charmor™ DP40 and Charmor™ DP15.

9

1.0 10.0 100.00,10

10

20

0102030405060708090100

Particle Diameter (µm.)

Volume (%)

10.0 100.0 1000.0 10000.01.00

10

20

0102030405060708090100

Particle Diameter (µm.)

Volume (%)

The particle size distribution of

Charmor™ PM15. Approximately 98 %

of the particles are below 15 µm.

The particle size distribution of

Charmor™ PM40. Approximately 98 %

of the particles are below 40 µm.

Particle size distribution

Very small size and consistent, narrow particle

size distribution are important in maintaining the

high performance of micronized polyol additives

for intumescent coatings. Our milling technology

and quality control procedures ensure that at

least 98 % of our Charmor™ products are below

the stated particle size values, 40 µm and 15 µm.

8

Technical data

Property Charmor™ PM Charmor™ PT Charmor™ DP

Melting point 260 °C 250 °C 222 °C

Water solubility (% at room temperature)

5.25 4.70 0.22

Typical Hydroxyl number mg KOH/g

1645 1615 1325

Typical Mono Penta content 99 % 91 %

Typical Di-Penta content 7 % 95 %

Densitykg/m3

1400 1400 1370

Heat of melting kJ/Kg

42.2 335

Heat of combustion kJ/mole

2770 7740

Boiling point 276 °C at 4 kPa 276 °C at 4 kPa 356 °C

Micronized Particle size <40 µm typical 99 %

Particle size <40 µm typical 99 %

Particle size <40 µm typical 99 %

Supermicronized Particle size <15 µm min. 98 %

Particle size <15 µm min. 98 %

Particle size <15 µm min. 98 %

11

As a complement to its Charmor™ range of solid

micronized polyols, Perstorp offers a liquid product

– Charmor™ LP70. This polyol mix has been shown

to function as a novel source of carbon in waterborne

intumescent coatings. Fire tests carried out on intu-

mescent paints of different composition show that

formulations containing Charmor™ LP70 provide very

effective heat-resistant insulation barriers in terms of

fire protection time on steel.

Attractive benefitsThe histogram below based on results from the fire

tests indicates that paint formulators can use liquid

Charmor™ LP70 in waterborne coatings.

In addition, formulators gain the following benefits:

• Ease of handling resulting from a clean (no dust)

and rapidly mixed liquid, particularly when a drum

and pump are used.

• Equivalent fire protection on both horizontal and

vertical substrates due to greatly improved disper-

sion of the liquid polyol mix.

• Better control of temperature increase on addition

of liquid Charmor™ LP70 to formulations.

Charmor™ LP70 – a liquid polyol

• A more cost-effective carbon donor, even when

taking into account the water content and extra

amount of product that may be required in some

formulations.

Clear coatingsIn addition to steel protection, Charmor™ LP70 could

also find possible application in formulating clear

intumescent coatings for wood products due to its

liquid and transparent nature (colour: Gardner 6/7).

Charmor™ LP70 is a mixture of polyols in solu-

tion that is available in drums, containers or in bulk.

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Property Charmor™ LP70

Viscosity at 23 °C 25 mPas

Hydroxyl number 840 mg KOH/g

Water content 30 %

Colour Gardner 6/7

Products for cationic radiation curing

3

• Graphic Arts

– Overprint varnishes

– Flexographic inks

– Screen inks

– Inkjet

• Industrial Coatings

– Metal coating

(aluminum, steel)

– Plastic coating

Cationic ultraviolet/electron beam (UV/EB) radiation

curing systems have been on the market for a

number of years and show strong growth due to

their technical merits, environmental acceptability,

and the ready availability of suitable raw materials.

An outstanding alternativeThe cationic photoinduced polymerization of epox-

ides and oxetanes is an alternative technology to the

well-established free-radical UV/EB curing of ac-

rylates. UV/EB cationic curing offers several advan-

tages compared with traditional radiation curing:

• Better adhesion on difficult substrates (e.g. metals,

plastics, glass and ceramics) thanks to low shrinkage

and possible chemical bonding with the substrate.

• A living polymerization: shape forming is easily

achievable for expandable or shrinkable systems after

radiation exposure. Then full cure can be obtained,

which is beneficial for low-migrating systems.

• High curing speed under air (no air inhibition)

• Low odor

• Greater toughness

• Lower viscosity

• Withstands sterilization

• Good barrier and electrical properties

Growing application areasThe advantages of cationic UV/EB systems make

them mostly suitable for varnishes and inks for rigid

packaging application like metal can ends and rims,

flexible packaging like plastic tubes, shrink sleeves

and stand-up pouches just to mention a few growing

end-use applications.

• Adhesives

– Laminated adhesives

– Structural adhesives

– Pressure-sensitive

adhesives

• Silicone release

coatings

• Electronics

(dielectric coatings for

electronic metal parts,

insulators, encapsulation)

• Rapid Prototyping and

Modeling (RPM)

Main UV/EB cationic applications

Cationic systems offer several advantages

2

Pentaerythritol based alkoxylate

Boltorn® dendritic polymer

TMPOOOH

Dedicated products from PerstorpPerstorp products are key components for UV/EB

cationic systems. The three product groups we offer

are:

• TMPO as reactive diluent

• Boltorn® dendritic polyesters polyols as chain-

transfer crosslinkers and flexibilizers

• Alkoxylated polyols as chain-transfer crosslinkers

and flexibilizers

TMPO – the cationic reactive diluentThe main components of UV/EB cationic formula-

tions are resins, diluents and photoinitiators, as

exemplified by 3,4- epoxy cyclohexyl methyl-3,4

epoxy cyclohexane carboxylate as the main resin,

and trimethylolpropane oxetane (TMPO) as the

reactive diluent.

TMPO is a clear colorless, non skin irritating reactive

diluent. It combines increased reactivity with very

good diluting power of epoxy resins, and contributes

also to increased toughness.

Crosslinking and fine-tuning with polyolsThe ring opening of the epoxide and/or the oxetane

can be accompanied by crosslinking with hydroxy

functional compounds like polyether polyols and

Boltorn® dendritic polymer polyols. These polyols act

as chain-transfer crosslinkers and flexibilizers, which

can be used up to 30 wt% of the formulation.

Adhesion on:Cationic UV clear coat with

TMPO, polyol PP50 and cycloaliphatic epoxide

Free-radical UV formulation (epoxy acrylate, HDDA,

GPTA)

Aluminum 0 3

Steel 0 2

Glass 0 3

PE 0 1

OPP 0 2

PA 0 2

Tape adhesion test for UV cured 6 µm clear coatings (1 pass at 15 m/min under 80 W/cm H Bulb, 100 mJ/ cm2), 0 to 5. 0 best.

5

Using 10 parts of Polyol PP50 or Boltorn® H2004 improve flexibility and hardness (12 µm clear coatings on glass and aluminium, cured with 2 passes at 70 m/min under 80 W/cm H-bulb, 100 mJ/cm2, test after 24 h)

Overprint varnishes and coatings

TMPO is a very effective, non-irritant and reactive

diluent for cycloaliphatic epoxides. It improves the

curing speed by up to 2-times for the same photoini-

tiator concentration, thereby offering economical

advantages. Furthermore, TMPO improves the

through cure and increases chemical resistance.

It can be used up to 50 % in a formulation.

TMPO accelerates curing speedControlling the properties of coatings and adhesives

can be readily achieved by choosing the right

combination of polyols. The functionality and nature

of the polyols determine end-product properties like

flexibility and chemical resistance. Perstorp´s wide

range of alkoxylated polyols and Boltorn® aliphatic

hyperbranched polyols offers the versatility to

control these properties.

This ability to obtain the desired end-product

properties helps formulators to meet highly demand-

ing requirements like excellent formability for

applications such as rim and metal can-end coatings.

Unique UV laminating adhesivesCationic dark cure offers novel advantages such as

laminating opaque substrates under UV radiation,

something not achievable by other UV chemistries.

A correctly formulated cationic adhesive can be

exposed to UV light after being spread on a web

immediately prior to nipping two films together.

Effect of TMPO on viscosity reduction and curing speed in a basic overprint varnish formulation based on 3,4-epoxy cyclohexyl methyl-3,4 epoxy cyclohexane carboxylate.

Polyol PP50 and Boltorn® H2004 improve toughness

600

300

200

100

0

Vis

cosi

ty (

mPa

s at

25

°C) 500

400

0 10 15 20 25 30

TMPO concentration (wt%)

Viscosity

Max belt speed

90

60

50

10

0

Max

bel

t sp

eed

(m/m

in, H

bu

lb 8

0 W

/cm

)80

70

20

30

40

No polyol With PP50With Boltorn®

H2004

Pendulum hardness (Ks)

165 215 214

Bending test, 180°

fail pass pass

4

70

30

20

10

0

Viol

et 2

3Vi

olet

23

with

Bolto

rn® H

2004

Blue

15:

3Bl

ue 1

5:3

with

Bolto

rn® H

2004

Ora

nge

34 w

ith

Bolto

rn® H

2004

60

Sho

rtn

ess

ind

ex

(2,

5s-1) /

(25

00

s-1)

50

40

Ora

nge

34

Flexographic and screen printing inks

Since the early 1990’s, Perstorp has taken the lead in

bringing cost-effective dendritic polymers to the

market for a number of applications. Our dendritic

polymers are sold under the Boltorn® trademark.

Now we have started to modify the structure of

our dendritic polymers to meet the needs of cationic

radiation curing, thereby offering new opportunities

to formulators and end users.

Boltorn® H2004 improves ink flowOne example is Boltorn® H2004 dendritic polyol,

which not only offers the general advantages of

polyols in cationic systems like improved flexibility,

but also further improves the chemical resistance

and rheological behavior of flexographic inks while

maintaining high curing speed. The ink transfer can

be improved at high speed thanks to the better

Newtonion behaviour of printing inks containing

Boltorn® H2004.

A strong reduction of the shortness index is achieved using 10 parts of Boltorn® H2004 in several pigmented flexographic UV inks.

A lower viscosity at low shear is obtained using 10 parts of Boltorn® H2004 in a flexographic blue ink.

Boltorn® H2003 for higher crosslinking densityUsing Boltorn® H2003 is another possibility which

enables excellent flow and provides a higher

crosslinking density than Boltorn® H2004. Highly

pigmented screen printing inks can easier be

obtained while maintaining very good flow rate and

high gloss.

Shear rate s-1

50

30

20

10

00.1 1 10 100 1000

Reference formulation

10 parts Boltorn® H2004 formulation40

Vis

cosi

ty, (

Pas

at 2

5 °C

)

Adhesion on:

Cationic UV flexographic ink with TMPO, Boltorn® H2004 and cycloaliphatic

expoxide

Free-radical UV flexographic ink

(polyester acrylate, TPGDA, GPTA)

PE 0 3

OPP 0 2

PP 0 2

Tape adhesion test for UV cured blue flexographic inks applied with a 750 cells/inch anilox roller (1 pass at 15 m/min under 80 W/cm H Bulb, 100 mJ/cm2), 0 to 5. 0 best.

7

Perstorp technical leaflets on basic chemistry and

detailed applications can be ordered from

www.perstorp.com.

Reactive diluent

Product OH-functionality Equivalent weight

OH- or oxetaneMolecular

weightViscosity*

TMPO 1 116 116 25

Polyol crosslinkers and flexibilizers

Polyether polyols

NS20 2 110 220 170

TP30 3 92 275 800

TP70 3 150 444 360

TP200 3 340 1014 350

PP50 4 90 355 1600

Dendritic polyester polyols

Boltorn® H2004 6 530 3200 16000

Boltorn® H2003 12 200 2500 1000

* mPas at 23 °C except Boltorn® H2003 at 60 °C

Polyol R2490 Polyol 3610 Polyol 3380 Polyol 3165 Polyol 4640

AlkoxylatesVersatile liquid polyols

Perstorp offers a unique and broad range of polyols

with different hydroxyl functionalities which, when

acrylated, are ideal for radiation curing products. For

example, they are used in industrial coatings for wood

and plastics, in printing inks and varnishes for graphic

arts, and in electronics and adhesives applications.

A major achievement over the past two decades in

the development of acrylate monomers for radiation

curing has been the improvement of the health and

safety profi le of products. In particular the qualifi ca-

tion of the diluents as non-irritants has led to a

higher acceptance of the technology in the coating,

ink, adhesive and electronic markets.

Perstorp alkoxylates are developed to address this

issue. Our new products are specially designed to

comply with current requirements such as very low

levels of critical impurities.

Precursors for acrylate monomersAlkoxylated polyols serve as key precursors to

acrylate monomers. These are used as reactive

diluents and usually make up the major part of

formulations. The role of a diluent for radiation

curing is to reduce the viscosity of the formulated

system in order to obtain the desired processing

conditions. The reactive diluent is essential for

obtaining the required properties of the end product.

Coating properties like wetting, adhesion, toughness

and resistance to abrasion and chemicals can all be

infl uenced by the diluent. Therefore the choice of

alkoxylate is also critical as it has a strong infl uence

on all of these properties.

OligomersIn addition to the use of all these alkoxylates in

reactive diluents, they can also be used to develop

unique polyester, urethane and aminoacrylate oli-

gomers. Thanks to our large product portfolio, an

almost infi nite derivatization of oligomers can be

made, suitable for any end application and perform-

ance. Moreover, Perstorp has extensive expertise in

the fi eld of radiation curing and in assisting our

customers to get the most out of our product range.

Radiation curingCompared with traditional, solventborne coating technologies, radiation curing offers several advantages, such as:• Environmentally friendly solvent-free systems• High productivity allowing immediate further

processing• Low investment and less production space• Low energy costs• Excellent coating, ink and adhesive performance• Good availability of raw materials for various

application fi elds

Alkoxylates are key ingredients for radiation curing

In addition to the two applications mentioned,

Perstorp alkoxylates can be used in a wide number

of other applications as such or following derivatiza-

tion. For example:

• Polyol 3990 as liquid trifunctional starter for poly-

ether polyols, polyesters and polyurethanes with

primary OH groups.

• Polyol 3165 with a low OH number and high

MW can be used when additives are needed for

water compatibility, for example emulsifi ers for

rosin esters.

• A number of the alkoxylates presented have

been found to have a positive effect as co-

stabilizers for PVC.

• Derivatives can be made to allow their use as

surface active agents like defoamers.

• Surface modifi cation of pigments where the

surface characteristics can be altered.

• Esters with useful properties as lubricants where

hydrophilicity/phobicity can be tailored.

• Oilfi eld chemicals.

• Esters for metalworking.

• Various additives in paints and coatings.

Additives

Polyol R6405Perstorp is now introducing 6-functional alkoxylates

with high thermal and chemical stability unlike

sugar-based polyols. The fi rst product meets the EU

polymer defi nition and can be used to make acrylic

esters and crosslinkers, and as chemical building

blocks.

Polyol R2395As regards diols, Perstorp now has a new product,

Polyol R2395, which enables the production of esters

with better hydrolytic stability and lower surface

tension. R2395 acrylate is a highly fl exible difunc-

tional monomer rated as the superior difunctional

monomer in terms of wetting low surface tension

substrates. Moreover, a wider application potential

exists with fl exible materials, including very particu-

lar types of substrates and conditions of evaluation.

Mapping the product versus TPGDA and HDDA

provides advantages for the customer compared with

these commonly used alternatives.

Polyol R4630Perstorp is specializing in developing products

containing low amounts of undesired glycols and has

introduced Polyol R4630 as the fi rst of a new genera-

tion of alkoxylates. The product is designed to

support the penetration of radiation curing coatings

and printing inks in applications where residual low

molecular weight acrylates is a key issue.

Low impurity levels enable use of UV acrylates in

applications where the lowest skin irritation and low

migration are of highest importance. Our fi rst product

R4631 is now followed by R4630 with even lower

level of impurity, and other products are under

development.

New products

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Mechanical performance of cured difunctional acrylates

Surface wetting

R4631 R4630

Free polyol 0.2 <0.1

Sum EGs <0.2 <0.1

Sum PGs 1.5–2.5 <0.1

Other low Mw impurities

3 <0.1

Where to go for more information: Website: www.Perstorp.com If you are in… Africa Perstorp AB

+46 435 37 429 Mathias Glennstål

Asia (Japan only) Perstorp Japan Co., Ltd. +81 3 6667 7287 Kenji Kawabata Asia (except Japan) Hansol-Perstorp Co., Ltd.

+82 18 333 7487 +46 706 439 897 Lars Erlandsson

Europe Perstorp AB

+46 435 37 488 David James

North America Perstorp Polyols, Inc.

+1 419 729 5448 Jeff Jones

South America Perstorp AB

+46 435 38 305 Göran Bergvall

www.Perstorp.com

mailto:[email protected]?subject=PCI%20Web%20CD%20Inquiry






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