NAME: MUZAFFER ALI KHAN

STUDENT ID: 214438025

ASSIGNMENT: PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

UNIT CHAIR: ASHWIN POLISHSHETTY

REPORT ON PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

Introduction:

The study of engineering components can show important understanding about the design of the object and specially the design process of the component. In mechanical engineering, Reverse engineering is the process that involves disassembling a mechanical device and undergoing a detailed analysis procedure of its aspects such as functional, operational and structural. Reverse engineering is also known as Back engineering. Reverse engineering is usually chosen because of certain reasons like to rectify errors in manufactured products, lack of documentation, manufacturing of part of that product is stopped and duplication and etc. Reverse engineering is an engineering that creates 3D model of the existing physical model. Reverse engineering is a computer aided design based technology and it is a combination of analytical method and applied technologies (Li Xiang & Huang, J 2014, pg.199).

There are two methods to create 3D model which are Manual Methodology and Mechanical Methodology.

In Manual Methodology it includes a complete disassembly of the model and then measurements are taken with a very accurate devices like vernier calliper or screw gauge. In this method dimensions are recorded on a rough drawing of the individual component and then 3D modelling should done using software like Pro E, AutoCAD etc. In Mechanical Methodology, it includes regeneration of CAD model of any mechanical components from a 3D point cloud, with the help of 3D scanners or by results of FEM 3D point cloud is made available.Functional reverse engineering includes some rules while working on reverse engineering, for any object these is proven to be very useful to examine the detail functional aspects of the whole object including the functioning of individual component that are present in the object. One of the main aspect of functional reverse engineering is stopping the functional specification of the object by redesigning any part or feature of model, without harming the functions to be performed on that redesigned part. There are many products that are over designed, over designed type of products are product that are designed in multiple solutions. In these situation there is a chance to eliminate that multiple solutions, also remove a product that is producing redundancy and functional specification helps in determining the unnecessary components in a product. The processes involved in reverse engineering for various objects are available in 3D it includes parametric surface and triangulated models driven. This process are very successful for parts which are simple and for complex type of parts it ends with errors, reconstructing the complex part of any object may have errors, noisy parts, missing data of the surface may have error. Moreover, incorrect relative positions of the object also leads to errors. In addition, many industries are working on it to overcome these errors and inspecting parts to rectify errors. CMM (Coordinate measuring machine) techniques are used for inspection of parts. Business today are opting for better precision and quicker review time this can be enhanced through laser extent filtering.

CLASSIFICATION AND RELATED WORKS:Data acquisition plays an important role in reverse engineering. Data acquisition helps to extract data from objects surface system and is constrained by physical considerations, so this type of considerations leads to multiple scans of the surface to get the full measurement of the object. The advantages and disadvantage of this method are discussed late after reviewing the measuring techniques.

Data acquisition method approach works on two methods such as contact method and non-contact method. Order of information uses contact method and non-contact method approach to figure out frame works. CONTACT DATA ACQUISITION MEASURING TECHNIQUES: According to contact data acquisition technique there are various ways to obtain shape data, among these approaches the most important and known method for shape capture are Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) and other is Mechanical or Robotic arm with touch sense.First, Coordinate Measuring Machine has the highest level of exactness and it has a specific contact sort strategy i.e.NC driven and machines can be customised having surface with precision, clamour free information and examining the part is the best way to assess part in Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM), to get information from parts surface as the part needs to be investigated rapidly in order to have gadget review and it needs to be carried out in conjunction on other hand part has free structuring surfaces. To get information from the part surface of the part needs to be investigated rapidly in order to review gadget and it needs to carried out in conjunction and on other hand part has free structuring. Furthermore, a 3hub processing mechanical for a mechanical or an automated arm in light these machine possess a touch panel and material measuring framework mechanical system are very precise and it has sinking surface and it have less clamor and are attractive exact. In the same way CMM have the slowest strategy to securing information. Coordinate measuring machine and mechanical arm or mechanical surface model have liabilities if CMMs comes in contact with object or model it can harm the object if the surface is delicate it opening can be assigned at first glance and if part is hindering the measurement of measuring parts with a free structure surface on the grounds, the parts are smaller in size thus it makes hard for surface to come in contact with the surface and touch test is done. The conceivable outcomes are expanded for purpose of exact estimations. Hence, time needed for catching may take days or weeks for entangled parts. Apart from numerous elements temperature, variety and moistness has a impact on the exactness of CMM. NON-CONTACT DATA ACQUISITION TECHNIQUES: Non-contact system utilises light sound to gain shape from article every system has its own qualities and short comings that require the information to be precisely chosen for the shape catch usefulness sought. It has 5 techniques laser triangulation, time of flight, interferometers, organised lighting and stereo investigation. This classification will examine the different types of techniques. Laser triangulation is a technique that uses area and edges of surface. Light source is mounted on surface and are pre specified with the help of camcorder. Camcorder helps in utilizing geometric triangulation from the known edges. The light source and camcorder are centred on surface different diverse high vitality light source are utilised. Thus, lasers are widely used in this technique.

PRODUCT: SOLE OF SHOE.Developing of product through reverse engineering a) Reverse engineering process on sole of shoe.b) 3D scanners helps to capture the design of the shoes and transfer the 3D data to CAD by following sequence of step.

BENCHMARK ANALYSIS:a) According to (Butdee 2008, pg.450) the important feature of sport shoe sole design. In this method, user can select and modify by joining them together and create a new show sole model. This model has the ability to enter size in 3D automatically. As a result, test showed that time of 88.4% was saved when 12 sizes were performed.b) According to (Nakhee 2008, pg.450) most of the injuries in sports happens during running and this injury is co-related with the height of foot arches. Mass customization helps to design, produce and deliver a good amount of quantity of products and to meet specific customer needs in a specific time and maintain products rate at minimal stage.These two analysis are very important in making of shoe sole as this analysis have covered all the important features that need to be focussed before making of shoes sole. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS: The method and process of feet scanning.a) The first step is to select sampling groupb) Camera scanning process is employedc) CAD analysis technique comes into play and the image is modifiedd) Scanning take place only on foot and middle part is scanned after scanning the middle part scanning take place on right hand side and it is kept at position of 45 degree vice versa.e) However the boundary condition for sole of was found to be 765mm length and 150mm width.

TARGET GROUPS: Medical field: a) Comfortable shoes are very necessary in medical professional as they have long hours of shift so they need shoe with a comfortable sole. Sports field:a) Athletic require proper shoes sole as they have to run for longer distances with these they can avoid injuries and enhance performance.CONCLUSION: Reverse engineering plays an important role in development of sole of shoe as this process is time saving, cost effective and reliable. By this process any kind of sole of shoe can be easily be designed irrespective of size. Hence reverse engineering plays a crucial role in development of sole of shoe.

Reference list: Autodesk 2012, Capturing and Reusing Reality with 123D catch, retrieved on 25 Jan 2015, .

Butdee,S & Tangchaidee, K 2008, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Formulation of 3D shoe sizes using scanning camera and CAD modelling, vol. 31, issue no.2, pg.449-454.

Computer World 2001, Reverse Engineering, retrieved on 26 Jan 2015, http://www.computerworld.com/article/2585652/app-development/reverse-engineering.html.

LCE, Mechanical component Reverse Engineering Project Examples, Retrieved 26 Jan 2015, http://www.Ice.com/ Mechanical Component Reverse Engineering Project Example 328.html.

LiXiang, l & Huang, J 2014, A Study of Reverse Engineering Based on 3D Data Acquisition, Applied Mechanics & Material, vol.741, pg.199-203.

Npd solutions, What is Reverse engineering?, retrieved on 27 Jan 2015 http://www.npd-solutions.com/reoverview.html

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