WAITING LINE MODELS1

Subject: Waiting Line Models

Production & Operation Management

M.com (2nd Semester)

Arooj Ghazal Nawaz

ROLL NO: BA582452

Acknowledgement

In the name of Allah the praiseworthy, the passionate whose blessings made it possible for us to complete this complex and painful task. It is a matter of great enthusiasm and pleasure for us to complete a report in its real sequence. It is all because of Almighty Allahs great guidance that made us so able. We are cordially thankful to our respected Teacher Mr. bilal kamran who provided us an opportunity to prepare this Project report and whose benevolent guidance in discourse and constant encouragement helped us to complete this project.

Abstract

The body of knowledge about waiting lines, often called queuing theory, is an important part of operations and a valuable tool for the operations manager. Waiting lines are a common situationthey may, for example, take the form of cars waiting for repair at a Midas Muffler Shop, copying jobs waiting to be completed at a Kinkos print shop, or vacationers waiting to enter Mr. Toads Wild Ride at Disney. Table D.1 lists just a few OM uses of waiting-line models. Waiting-line models are useful in both manufacturing and service areas. Analysis of queues in terms of waiting-line length, average waiting time, and other factors helps us to understand service systems (such as bank teller stations), maintenance activities (that might repair broken machinery), and shop-floor control activities. Indeed, patients waiting in a doctors office and broken drill presses waiting in a repair facility have a lot in common from an OM perspective. Both use human and equipment resources to restore valuable production assets (people and machines) to good condition.

Contents

Introduction to the topic Practical study of the organization Data collection methods SWOT analysis Conclusion Recommendation References

Introduction to the topicBrief historyThe study of waiting lines, called queuing theory, is one of the oldest and most widely usedQuantitative analysis techniques. Waiting lines are an everyday occurrence, affecting peopleShopping for groceries, buying gasoline, making a bank deposit, or waiting on the telephone forthe first available airline reservationist to answer. Queues, another term for waiting lines, mayAlso take the form of machines waiting to be repaired, trucks in line to be unloaded, or airplaneslined up on a runway waiting for permission to take off. The three basic components of a queuing process are arrivals, service facilities, and the actual waiting line.Analytical models of waiting lines can help managers evaluate .The cost and effectiveness of service systems. We begin with a look at waiting line costs and then describe the characteristics of waiting lines and the underlying mathematical assumptions used to develop queuing models. We also provide the equations needed to compute the operating characteristics of a service system and show examples of how they are used. SignificanceWaiting in lines is part of everyday life. Some estimates state that Americans spend 37 billion hours per year waiting in lines. Whether it is waiting in line at a grocery store to buy deli items (by taking a number) or checking out at the cash registers (finding the quickest line), waiting in line at the bank for a teller, or waiting at an amusement park to go on the newest ride, we spend a lot of time waiting. We wait in lines at the movies, campus dining rooms, the registrars office for class registration, at the Division of Motor Vehicles, and even at the end of the school term to sell books back. Think about the lines you have waited in just during the past week. How long you wait in line depends on a number of factors. Your wait is a result of the number of people served before you, the number of servers working, and the amount of time it takes to serve each individual customer. Wait time is affected by the design of the waiting line system. A waiting line system (or queuing system) is defined by two elements: the population source of its customers and the process or service system itself. In this supplement we examine the elements of waiting line systems and appropriate performance measures. Performance characteristics are calculated for different waiting line systems. We conclude with descriptions of managerial decisions related to waiting line system design and performance.

Practical study of the organization