production: it’s all about systems usda nrcs developed by: bob hamblen, colorado state cooperative...
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Production: Production: It’s All About SystemsIt’s All About Systems
USDA NRCS
Developed by:Developed by:Bob Hamblen, Colorado State Cooperative ExtensionBob Hamblen, Colorado State Cooperative ExtensionCinda Williams, University of Idaho ExtensionCinda Williams, University of Idaho ExtensionKevin Laughlin, University of Idaho ExtensionKevin Laughlin, University of Idaho ExtensionMelody Hefner, University of Nevada Cooperative ExtensionMelody Hefner, University of Nevada Cooperative Extension
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What we’ll learn todayWhat we’ll learn today
Production systems
Traditional or conventional Sustainable Certified organic
Certifications
Risk management
Record-keeping
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Your choice of a production Your choice of a production system depends onsystem depends on
Your goals
The markets available to you
Your personal values or philosophies
Funding available
How your family feels about your choice of production system!
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Conventional systemsConventional systems
Maximize the profit from natural resources using high input levels
Use all available management, production and marketing tools
Depend on mechanized farm practices
Use a business model with an emphasis on profitability
NRCS
NRCS
NRCS
Fertilizer and pesticide applicationsFertilizer and pesticide applications
Univ. of Idaho
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Bottom lineBottom line
Profitability is part of all decisions in developing production systems
In business, profitability is not a bad thing!
But, the conventional approach may be too large-scale or machinery-intensive for smaller properties
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Sustainable agricultureSustainable agriculture
According to Appropriate Technology Transfer for Rural Areas (ATTRA), sustainable agriculture is a system “that produces abundant food without depleting the earth’s resources or polluting its environment.”
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Sustainable production Sustainable production systemssystems
Address economic profitability, social benefits to the farm family and community, and environmental conservation
Depend on a whole-system approach with an overall goal of continuing health of the land and people
Concentrate on long-term solutions to problems instead of short-term treatment of symptoms
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According to SAREAccording to SARE
Sustainable agriculture consists of farming systems that are:
profitable (economically sustainable) environmentally sound (environmentally
sustainable) good for people and communities
(socially sustainable)
Economic sustainabilityEconomic sustainability
Social sustainabilitySocial sustainabilityUNCE, Reno, Nev.
Environmental sustainabilityEnvironmental sustainability
CSU Extension
The government first addressed The government first addressed sustainable agriculture in the sustainable agriculture in the
1990 Farm Bill1990 Farm Bill
thedailygreen.com
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A sustainable system is a goal, A sustainable system is a goal, not an absolutenot an absolute
Any farm may adopt practices that help them take the steps towards sustainability
Your property does not have to be certified organic to be sustainable, but may incorporate organic principles
The practices you choose to adopt reflect your personal mission and goals
No properties are perfectly sustainable! Some are farther along the continuum than others
An overview of some sustainable An overview of some sustainable tools and practicestools and practices
Univ. of Idaho Extension
Integrated pest management Integrated pest management (IPM)(IPM)
Biological
Cultural
MechanicalChemical
IPM is a sustainable approach to managing pests that combines biological, cultural, physical and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, health and environmental risks
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IPM Institute
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Biorational pesticidesBiorational pesticides
Microbial insecticides
Insecticidal soaps
Horticultural oils
Botanical insecticides
Insect growth regulators
Biological pest controlBiological pest control
www.ces.ncsu.edu
NDOA
Leaf-eating beetles on
tamarisk mtwow.org
BBSRC
Parasitic wasp preying on aphid
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Add manure and compostAdd manure and compost
Univ. of Idaho Extension
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Use biosolidsUse biosolids
goletasanitary.com
depweb.state.pa.us
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Green manures and cover cropsGreen manures and cover crops
NRCSNRCS USDA NRCS
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Tillage and cultivation Tillage and cultivation for weed controlfor weed control
Univ. of Idaho Extension
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MulchesMulches
Univ. of Idaho Extension
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Planned crop rotationPlanned crop rotation
ucanr.org
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Planned animal rotationPlanned animal rotation
polyfacefarm.compolyfacefarm.com
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Intercropping and Intercropping and companion plantingcompanion planting
www.yates.co.nz
Gardenwiseonline.com
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Burning for sanitation Burning for sanitation and weed controland weed control
Univ. of Idaho Extension
Univ. of Idaho Extension
SolarizationSolarization
www.faculty.ucr.edu
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Physical barriers and buffer zonesPhysical barriers and buffer zones
USDA NRCS
Univ. of Idaho Extension
Integrating crops and livestockIntegrating crops and livestock
www.polyfacefarm.com
www.thebefsite.com
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Organic production systemsOrganic production systems
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Safe
Fresh
Local
Free-range
Humanely raised and handled
Small-scale
Higher-quality
Visually appealing
What is organic?What is organic?
NOT NECESSARILY
NOT NECESSARILY!
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The term “organic gardening” is of fairly recent origin. J.I.
Rodale is credited with first using the word “organic” to
describe the “natural method of gardening and farming” by his
son Robert Rodale.
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“An ecological production management system that promotes and enhances biodiversity, biological cycles and soil biological activity. It is based on minimal use of off-farm inputs and on management practices that restore, maintain and enhance ecological harmony.”
The National Organic Standards The National Organic Standards Board defines organics asBoard defines organics as
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Certified organic productionCertified organic production
The Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 mandated uniform organic standards
Use of the term organic is controlled, versus “natural”, “pesticide-free”, “free-range” or other marketing terms used by growers
Growers must have an organic plan for their farm and be certified organic
Annual inspections are mandated after certification
Organic crop productionOrganic crop production
http://chatham.ces.ncsu.edu
Organic crop productionOrganic crop production
http://chatham.ces.ncsu.edu
Organic livestock productionOrganic livestock production
http://chatham.ces.ncsu.edu
Organic livestock productionOrganic livestock production
USDA NRCS
Organic handling or Organic handling or processing operationsprocessing operations
www.pnwcheese.wsu.edu
Organic product labelingOrganic product labeling
100% 95-100% 70-95% 0-70%
USDA
The Federal $5,000 The Federal $5,000 exemptionexemption
Jonathon Demcak
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Transitioning to organicTransitioning to organic
Transitioning may take a number of years to accomplish
It may be faster and easier to transition to an organic system and organic certification from a sustainable production system than from a conventional system
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Organic transition approachesOrganic transition approaches
Transitioning one parcel at a time
Gradual or piecemeal transition (check your state regulations)
“Cold turkey”
Certifying Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) land
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Additional certifications you Additional certifications you may obtainmay obtain
Third-party certifications (self-claims do not constitute certification)
Can enhance the marketability of your product
Can help you network with other small producers
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Made from milk from contented cows
Free Range
Cage Free
No Artificial Ingredients
No Detected Pesticides Residues
100% Natural
Hormone and Antibiotic Free
Grass Fed
What does it really mean? What does it really mean?
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Self claimsSelf claims“Free-range”
“Pesticide-free”
“Hormone-free”
“rBST- or rBGH-free”
“BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy)-free”
“Preservative-free”
“Natural”
“Grass-fed”
“Produced using sustainable practices”
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Food Food
AllianceAlliance
Salmon-SafeSalmon-Safe
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Certified Humane Certified Humane Raised and HandledRaised and Handled
Certification available for:
Beef cattle Dairy cows
Pigs Sheep
Broiler chickens Laying chickens
Turkeys Goats
Young dairy beef
Independent verification provided by Humane Farm Animal Care, accredited by USDA
Locally grownLocally grown
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GrassfedGrassfed
Animals eat nothing but mother’s milk, fresh grass and cut hay
Voluntary certification by the American Grassfed Association
Health benefits: some research suggests that grass-fed meats are higher in omega-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid
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Do you think Do you think you’re you’re
ready to certify?ready to certify?
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If you want to certify your If you want to certify your property or your products…property or your products…
Who are the certifying agencies?
What do the rules say?
How do you deal with the intricacies of regulations, given your specific circumstances?
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If you want to certify your If you want to certify your property or your products…property or your products…
Is your zoning appropriate?
What about CCRs?
What are the health concerns?
What will certification cost?
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Navigating the mazeNavigating the maze
Creative thinking is important
Networking helps
Do your homework!
Explore your community
Networking opportunitiesNetworking opportunities
S. Donaldson, UNCE
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Don’t forget risk managementDon’t forget risk management
Government risk-management programs
Government programs for crop insurance, hail insurance, etc.
Research government and university marketing and education programs
Take advantage of government opportunities and subsidies
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Additional risk-management Additional risk-management alternativesalternatives
Maintain cash or credit reserves
Diversify your enterprise
Diversify your income and investments
Lease equipment or land
Storage
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Risk management for Risk management for sustainable systemssustainable systems
Farm Services Agency (FSA)
AERO
Rural Roots
Granges
Farm Bureaus
Farmers’ Unions
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Risk management for organic Risk management for organic productionproduction
Options are now available through the USDA Risk Management Agency
Organic farming practices are recognized as “good farming practices,” allowing crop insurance
Contact a crop insurance agent for specific information
Record-keepingRecord-keeping
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SummarySummaryProduction systems fall into three categories Conventional Sustainable Organic
Additional certifications other than organic may improve marketing capability
Sustainable production practices will improve your property and the planet, whether you want to make a buck or not!
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HomeworkHomeworkFor each of the three enterprises you proposed in Lesson 1:
Determine which production method is the best fit for the proposed enterprise and your personal goals. Why?
List the pros and the cons of using the production system for the enterprise.
Are there third-party certifications that would be a benefit to you, your property and your bottom line? List the possibilities and the steps required.