PRODUCTION OF SPEECH SOUNDS

VOWELS

Articulators above the Larynx

Air from lungs passes through larynx, goes through vocal tract and ends at mouth and nostrils.

• Tube begins just above larynx• Female: 7cm Male: 8cm• Top end is divided into two; to the mouth and

nasal cavityPHARYNX

• Allows air to pass through the mouth or nose.• Can be touched by tongue• Velar consonants. ( [k] , [g])

VELUM / SOFT

PALATE• Roof of the mouthHARD

PALATE

Articulators

• Between top front teeth and hard palate.

• Produces alveolar sound ([t], [d])ALVEOLAR RIDGE

• Can be moved to many places and different shapes.

• Tip, blade, front, back, rootTONGUE

• Upper and lower teeth• Produces dental sounds ([TEETH• Can be moved to make different

shapes.• Produces bilabial sounds ([p]) and

labiodental sounds ()LIPS

• Produces nasal sounds ([n], [m])

NASAL CAVITY /

NOSE

• Doesn’t make contact with other articulators.

• Move lower jaw.JAWS

Vowels: sounds which there is no obstruction to the flow of the air as it passes from larynx to the lips.

Consonants: sounds produce wen the air flow is being obstructed. Some exceptions may occur.

Vowels and Consonants

Tongue Different position of the tongue produces

different sounds.

Vowels

Front Back Open Close

Lips (Lip-rounding)

Rounded – corners of the lips are brought towards each other and the lips pushed forwards.

Spread – corners of the lips moved away from each other

Neutral – no noticeably rounded or spread