prof. darren cosker & prof. james bilzon university of
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Prof. Darren Cosker & Prof. James Bilzon – University of Bath
www.camera.ac.uk / @CAMERA_Bath
[email protected] / @dopomoc
CAMERA
Applied Visual Technology: Computer Vision, Graphics,
AR, VR, Motion Capture & Analysis
Centre for Digital Entertainment (CDE)
Motion Analysis ‘in the wild’,3D/4D Capture,
Augmented Reality
Statistical Modeling of Motion,Recognition, Motion Analysis
‘in the wild’
Physical Performance Modeling and Analysis, Training, Injury Prevention and Treatment
Human Performance Enhancement Sport Analysis,
AR/VR, 3DCultural Impact
Ecomomic Impact
British SkeletonBMT Defence Services
Impact PartnersHealth,
Rehabilitation,Assistive Tech.
Injuries, DisabilitiesProsthetics
Cultural ImpactEconomic ImpactSocietal Impact
Ministry of Defence
Impact Partners
Movies, TV and Video Games
Motion Capture,Rotoscoping,
Tracking
Cultural ImpactEconomic Impact
The ImaginariumThe Foundry
Impact Partners
About CAMERA
• One of six EPSRC Digital Economy (DE) Research Hubs
• ~£5,000,000 FEC – EPSRC/AHRC (to 2020)
• ~£5,000,000 external partner contributions
• Co-created research activities/problems
• Short/Medium/Long-term collaboration mechanisms: Fundamental and Applied Research (RCUK/InnovateUK/EngD/PhD)• HARPC (Synthesia and Dimension Studios)
• DOVE (MLF and Fat Duck)
• Arthritis Flare Profiler (Living With and NHS)
• Commercial Projects (TV and Film Clients) as impact vehicles• Include REWIND, Aardman, BBC, Satore Studios, Marshmallow Laser Feast
Goal Oriented Intelligent Performance Retargeting (GRIP) Head Mounted Camera for Augmented Reality Displays (HARPC)
Deformable Objects for Virtual Environments (DOVE)
Biped to Animal (B2A)
HUMAN PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT
www.camera.ac.uk @CAMERA_Bath
REHABILITATION
www.camera.ac.uk @CAMERA_Bath
Professor James BilzonDirector, Centre for DisAbility Sport & HealthCo-Director, CAMERADepartment for HealthUniversity of Bath
Using new video and digital technologies to support health and wellbeing
Current Initiatives
Exergaming Imaging
Clinical Gait Analysis
Health ‘Apps’
Exergaming
Enjoyment and adherence to MICT higher for integrated video game vs. standard ergometry (Warburton et al., 2007)
Creating competition can increase exercise intensity during self-selected cycling (Shaw et al., 2016)
Could VR-exergaming be effective in increasing exercise intensity and/or enjoyment of HIIT?
Warburton et al. (2007). Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 32.Shaw et al. (2016). PeerJ Computer Science, 2.
Exergaming
Acute exercise ✓Oliveira et al. (2018)
Short-term training studies ✓Vella et al. (2017)
Long-term real-world ?Roy et al. (2018)
Visit 1
VO2peak
HIIT
8 x 60 s @ 70% Wmax
Visits 2 + 3
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Track
Visits 4 + 5
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Exergaming
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Exergaming
• VR-exergaming increases enjoyment of acute HIIT.
• Encouraging participants to race against their own performance increases energy expenditure.
• This motivates individuals to overcome an increase in resistance and work substantially harder.
• Longitudinal studies, using modified versions (e.g. upper-body exercise) are underway.
Imaging
Mapping Amputee Residuum Change and Manufacturing Personalised, Adaptable
Prosthetic Inserts
Project Team
Prof James Bilzon, Dr Vimal Dhokia, Matthew Young, Dr Elena Seminati, Dr Martin Twiste*
The postoperative phase after lower limb amputation is characterised by residuum volume reduction (decrease in oedema-muscle atrophy).
17% and 40% of the original volume
Diurnal changes between -3.5% & +10.9%
Fitting problems reduced mobility low quality of life
Surgery
4-8 weeks post acute hospital phase
Intermediate Recovery phase (4-6 months)
Wound Healed
Transition to Stable Phase (12-18 months)
Relative Limb stabilisation
time
Imaging
Imaging
3 months post-amputation 11 months
First pilot studies (3D Scans) on human limbs
ARTEC EVA SCANNER
Imaging
Validation of the 3D ARTEC scanner
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The Artec is a valid tool for assessing residuum volume/shape changes in lower limb amputees (validity < 2%)
Small volume fluctuations can be identified[Intra and inter-rater reliability coefficients 7 to 10-fold less than methods currently used in clinical practice (~5%)].
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(validation study including 216 scans: 12 residual limb models, 3 operators, 3 repetitions, 2 scanners: ARTEC vs ROMER)
Imaging
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[de Boer-Wilzing et al., 2011, APMR]
Repeatability coefficients (ml)
13.918.5
Inter-rater
Intra-rater
Imaging
Design and manufacture of the first personalised prototype liner
Design
Cryogenic CNC Machining
3 components personalised liner
Imaging
5. Mechanical tests
STATIC CONDITIONS DYNAMIC CONDITIONS
Liner Socks Liner Socks
Fibula Head 82.1 ± 4.9 89.9 ± 4.4 31.3 ± 1.5 42.4 ± 1.2#
Tibia Crest 28.8 ± 2.8 35.1 ± 3.0 9.7 ± 0.4 17.2 ± 0.4#
Cut end of the tibia 81.9 ± 1.1 198.9 ± 1.6# 39.4 ± 1.7 91.1 ± 1.3#
Max in kPa (mean ± SD)
# indicates statistical differences between the pressure measured with the liner and the socks.
All pressures were lower with the liner than the sock, which highlights the importance for cushioning the residuum.
Imaging
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Patient preparation Scan sessions
Results
3D ARTEC SCANNER
OMEGA SCANNER
Imaging
Machining Thermal Assessment Personalised Liner
Imaging
Prevention Management
Clinical Gait Analysis
Clinical Gait Analysis
Clinical Gait Analysis
Clinical Gait Service
DMRC Headley Court
Gait Retraining Service
Clinical Gait Analysis
Clinical Gait Analysis
Unilateral vs. Bilateral vs Non-injured ControlTreadmill walking speeds between 1- 3 mph and of 3% and 5% gradients.
Group PAEE (kcal·min-1) HR (bpm)
Unilateral vs. Control 1.4 to 1.7 ↑ 1.3 to 1.5 ↑
Bilateral vs Control 2 to 2.6 ↑ 1.5 to 1.7 ↑
Unilateral vs. Bilateral 1.4 to 1.6 ↑ 1.1 to 1.3 ↑
What is the impact on:• Free-living PAEE?• Body Composition?• Cardiometabolic Health?• Integration into the
community environment?
Health ‘Apps’
R2 = 0.73; SEE = 1.01 kcal.min-1
Unilateral Amputees
Spinal Cord Injured
Health ‘Apps’
Health ‘Apps’
Thompson et al. (2015). Exerc Sport Sci Rev, 43(2): 67-74.
Health ‘Apps’
CAMERA – Rehabilitation Theme
• Exergaming technology appears to enhance effort and enjoyment during high intensity exercise.
• Imaging technology enhances the tracking and personalisation of prosthetic components.
• Clinical Gait Analysis technologies will enhance clinical decision-making and inform clinical practice.
• New personalised ‘Apps’ will help patients self-manage their condition and live and active lifestyle.
Going forward
• New Application Areas• Linking across science & tech areas: Engineering, Psychology,
Architecture, Mathematics, Policy• Robotics, Bionics, Ageing Population, Clinical Psychology
• Sustainability• Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund – Live Events, AHRC Clusters,,
InnovateUK• CDTs, Global Challenge Fund, Programme Grants• Larger facilities leading to increased research + commercial volume
and ambition
www.camera.ac.uk
www.camera.ac.uk / @CAMERA_Bath
[email protected] / @dopomoc
Prof. Darren Cosker & Prof. James Bilzon