prof. dr pieternal a.m. claassen : how can a hydrogen contribute to a zero waste society?
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How can hydrogen contribute to a zero waste society?
11th WIEF Masterclass on zero waste
Kuala Lumpur, November 3, 2015
Pieternel Claassen et al.
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Food & Biobased Research
FBR’s 2 business units:
-Fresh Food Chains
-Biobased Products R&D for chemistry,
materials
energy
Mobilisation (Bio)Conversion
Applications
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Zero waste, cradle to cradle, circular
economy
CO2 + H2O
CnHmOp + O2
Heat
Products
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Why hydrogen?
Most widely-used chemical e.g. for fertiliser, food, oil refinery and electronics
: Fuel for fuel cells: H2 and O2 to electricity, heat and water
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Fuel cell properties
Benefits of fuel cells:
● Superior efficiency (70%) as compared to combustion (35%)
● Low maintenance, no noise, robust
● Zero emission: no emission of NOx, SOx, CO or CO2 particulates, organic volatiles
● Reliable and can be used as stand alone
● Scalable to fit any power need
Challenges:
● Cost
● Durability
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Examples of FC applications
Toyota PEM fuel cell vehicle
Sources: The Fuel Cell Industry Review 2013 and Fuel Cells 200www.fuelcelltoday.com,www.fuelcells.org,www.intelligent-energy.com
FC-CHP units in JA and GE outselling micro CHP’s
Hyster hydrogen forklift truck
Adobe’s gas to power FC’s to
supply 9.5 GWh per year
Upp rechargeable fuel cell charger
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Fuel cell applications and supply
Portable Stationary Transport
Power range
5 W - 20 kW kW to MW 1kW - 100 kW
Examples Torches, cameras, battery chargers, mp3 players,communication/navigation, auxiliarypower units
Combined Heat and Power units (micro/large),uninterruptible power supplies (telecom, off-grid back up)
Cars, trucks and buses,materials handling trucks
Supply Trailer/pressure vessels
Pipeline for H2 or on-site production (SMR or electrolysis)
Pipeline, on-site, cryogenic tank trailer
Sources: The Fuel Cell Industry Review 2013www.fuelcelltoday.com and Mulder et al. IHJE 32, 2007
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Filling stations world wide
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Domestic FC CHP units in ENE-Farm
Number of FC CHP units sold in Japan
and subsidy per unit. Currently > 100 000
2 million Yen = MYR 64439
Source: www.fuelcelltoday.com Feb 2013
CHP: Combined Heat and Power or
electric and thermal energy in a single process
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Distribution of fuel cell power
Source: The Fuel Cell Industry Review 2013www.fuelcelltoday.com
Largest application is in stationary fuel cell systems!
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Fuel cell distribution world-wide
Asia is dominant in adopting FC technology
Source: The Fuel Cell Industry Review 2013www.fuelcelltoday.com
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Overview on H2&FC Government Strategy
and Funding ([email protected])
o In Europe, Denmark, Germany, Norway, and the EU have 200 M€ cumulative spending for technology validation, pilot infrastructures for transport and stationary applications.
o The US programs are motivated by security of supply and Californian zero emission goals. Lately public spending to about 250 M$. Total budget is higher than in Europe.
o Canada has significant research and demonstration activities (e.g. H2 highway, H2 village) with annual budgets of tens of M$.
o In China electric vehicle fleets including FC vehicles are subsidized. The goals for 22 metropolitan regions are 60 000 electric vehicles by 2012 and subsidies of 11 B$.
o India has an H2&FC introduction program of 3.7 B€ through 2020.
o Japan and Korea have programs for market introduction of stationary FCs through 2012/15 and commercial FCVs by 2015. Japanese budgets are similar to US and EU.
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Circular economy: Anaerobic digestion
Organic matter
Organic acidsH2 and CO2
CH4 and CO2
Acetogenesis
Methanogenesis
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Circular economy: H2 and CH4 production
Organic matter
Organic acidsH2 and CO2
CH4 and CO2
Gas upgrading
H2
Acetogenesis
Methanogenesis
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Examples of world wide biohydrogen pilots
Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, The Netherlands; straw, potato steam peels, vegetable residues, verge grass; integrated systems
Feng Chia University, Taiwan; wastewater beverage industry
UKM Bangi, Malaysia; oil palm residues
Nagarjuna Fertilizers & Chemicals, Hyderabad, India; Sorghum bagasse
Glamorgan University, UK; co-product flour milling
Petrobras Campinas, Brasil: brewery waste
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HyTIME, an FCH JU project
In HyTIME:
• 9 partners
• 6 countries
• 2 universities, 1research organisations, 6 industries
• Start at Jan 1, 2012
• End at June 310, 2015
• Total budget MMYR 11.7
• FCH-JU grant MMYR 5.3
www.hy-time.eu
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Increase of productivity by cell retention
SEM of Caldicellulosiruptor owensensis on zeolite
Packed bed reactor with
C. saccharolyticus and
C. owensensis on HDPE carriers
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225 L reactor: >100 g hydrogen/day
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Gas upgrading for low P and T
• Pressure Swing Adsorption• Membrane contacter
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Biohydrogen at Feng-Chia University in
Taichung
500 L reactor for biohydrogen production
H2 storage
Source: www.fcu.edu.tw
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UKM-YSD Chair on Sustainable
Development:
Zero Waste Technology
Inspiring Futures, Nurturing Possibilities
RM15 Million Endowment by Sime Darby Foundation since February 2011
Forging Mutually Beneficial Partnerships between UKM- Sime Darby
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No pollutants to the air
No pollutants to the ground
No pollutants to the water
-But yet; Increase of revenue long term productivity and sustainability of the oil palm industry
ensured
To turn palm oil mills into green
factories-targeting for carbon neutral
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THRUST AREAS
1 H2 for Power and Steam Generation
2 In-line composting for organic fertilizer
3 H2 production from POME and biomass
4 Pretreatment of biomass for H2 production
5 Algae production to sink CO2
6 Water recycle and reuse
UKM-YSD Chair on Sustainable Development
Key Messages from Tun ChairmanIntegrate projects within Sime Darby with UKM-YSD
Key Messages from EVP Plantation & AgribusinessShort term: Focus on Quick Gain ProjectsLong term: DO NOT reinvent the wheel