prof. dr. rainer manthey - uni-bonn.de€¦ · © 2018 prof. dr. rainer manthey intelligent...

© 2018 Prof. Dr. Rainer Manthey Intelligent Information Systems 111

IIS WS 2018/19

Prof. Dr. Rainer Manthey

Intelligent Information Systems

(MA-INF 3203)

WS 2018/19

© 2018 Prof. Dr. Rainer Manthey Intelligent Information Systems 2Intelligent Information Systems 22

Vita Rainer Manthey

1953 Wilhelmshaven1953 1953 WilhelmshavenWilhelmshaven

1973 Kiel1973 Kiel1973 Kiel

1984 München

1992 Bonn1992 Bonn1992 Bonn

University of KielInformatics/Mathematics

Student (Diploma 1979)Research assistant (PhD 1984)

European Computer-Industry Research Centre (ECRC)

Researcher/Teamleader

University of BonnProfessor

1984 München


A Very Special Semester

• 2018 – 1953 = 65: Your professor reached theagethis year, where people (in Germany)(in „the normal case“) retire(at latest).

• On February 28, 2019, Professor Manthey will reach this „deadline“!

• Therefore: This will be hislast lecturein the Master program.

• Consequence: All examswill have to be written (and evaluated) beforethat day!

• This means practically: • First IIS exam: January 31, 2019

(Thursday, last lecture week)• Second IIS exam (repeat exams only): February 22, 2019

(Friday, last full week in February)

• Don‘t panic! Nobody will be under undue pressure –my goal:

All exam-relevant topics will have been presented before Christmas!


Modules Offered by the IDB Group

Temporal Information

Systems(MA-INF 3302)

Seminar

Selected Topics inIntelligent IS

(MA-INF 3210)

Intelligent Information

Systems(MA-INF 3203)

Lab


(MA-INF 3313)

WS

SS

WS+SS

IDB (Intelligent Databases) Group:Prof. Dr. Rainer Manthey PD Dr. Andreas BehrendSahar Vahdati, MSc*

(* partially with Prof. Lehmann‘s group)

4 hrs lecture/week


IDB: „Remains of the Day“

Intelligent Information Systems 5

Prof. Dr. Rainer Manthey:

• 28.2.2019: Day of Retirement• => last semester of teaching• => last time for IIS


Some words of warning!

• The IDB group will „disappear“soon!• Don‘t look for a „future“ for your own studies in his group!• Don‘t expect to write your master thesis in IDB!• IDB does not offer any labs anymore (and just few seminar places).

Last semester: 168exam participants (for TIS)!157 passed – 11 did not attend


Organisation

Organisation


WS 2018/19


• Every week: 4 hours lecture + 2 hours exercises (9 credits)

• Lectures: Tuesday afternoon (16:15 – 17:45) + Wednesday morning (10: 15 – 11:45)

• Exercises: Wednesday afternoon (12:15 – 13:45)

• Lecture and exercises in the same room(HS 7).


Weekly Schedule


Semester Schedule (WS 2018/19)

Tuesday Wednesday

October 9 10

16 17

23 24

November 30 1

6 7

13 14

20 21

27 28

December 4 5

11 12

18 19

January 8 9

15 16

22 23

29 30

20 lectures10 exercises

Dies academicus

Begin of exercises

6 lectures3 exercises

Xmas break (2 weeks)

2018

2019

End of exercises

Exam


Exercises and Exams: „Rules of the Game“

• Exercises:• In thesameroom every Wednesday, following the lecture after 30 minutes break,

for the entire auditorium, no small groups. • Exercises held by Prof. Manthey and/orSahar Vahdati.• Goals:

• To make you fit for the exam!• Attention!There aretoo fewexercise weeks (for a long lecture)!• To provide some „hands on“ experience with theoretically introduced concepts.

• Participationwill not be checked, but is stronglyrecommended!!• No prerequisites for gettingadmissionto exams! • No „homework“ to be delivered, but motivation/encouragement for individual

activity provided in exercises. • No individual feedback possible.

• Exams:• Registrationfor exams: December 1 till 21

(online via BASIS)• Written examsfor both exam dates

(120minutes duration)• Examdates: January 28 (repeat exam: February 22)


IIS Homepage

https://pages.iai.uni-bonn.de/manthey_rainer/IIS_1819/

Slides for download!

© 2018 Prof. Dr. Rainer Manthey Intelligent Information Systems 11© 2016 Prof. Dr. Rainer Manthey Intelligent Information Systems 11

No Book, just Slides!

There is no textbookwhich could be recommended for this lecture . . .

. . . just the slidesserve as a substitute instead(representing a compromise between a goodbackground presentation and too much text)


Background

Background


WS 2018/19


Information Systems: The DB-centered View

Information System

Database System

+ External media of communication

+ Application-specificmethods

This is the most commonly agreed view on the concept of an IS in informatics –provided people agree on the meaning of DBS!!


Databases and Database Systems

DBDBMS

Database System

. . . .

Users and application programmes

DBMS: Data Base Management System

Database(s)

(Many powerful application-independentservices: schema mgt, query optimization,storage mgt, transaction mgt, etc.)


IDBS rather than IIS

This lecture will be more accurately concerned with

rather than with

The naming of the module is more a matter of convention rather than precision!

Intelligent Database Systems



Query Languages vs. Programming Languages

DBDBMS

Data Dictionary

• „Real“ DBMS support a separate kind of DB-specific „programming language“ foraccessing and manipulating data in the DB: query language

• In contrast to the external imperative programming languages, a query language isusually a declarativelanguage, the performance of which is optimised by the DBMS.

• „Programs“ of the query language may be stored in the data dictionarywithin the DB.

Imperativeprogramming

language

Declarativequery

language

Interpreter


Relational Data Model and SQL

• The most widely used data model nowadaysis the relational model(introduced around 1970).Relations are the mathematical basis for datarepresented in tables (rows/columns).

• All relational DBMS support a predominantdeclarative query language based on logicalandalgebraicoperators:

SQL (Structured Query Language)


Background in Relational Databases and SQL: Strictly Necessary !

A good backgroundin relational databases andin SQL is expected from everybody attendingthis lecture!! SQLwill frequently be used duringthe semester, even though we are going to learna differentrelational language!

Material for self-study(in case your background isweak, dated, or missing):

• Extra slidesvia IIShomepage

• Cheap and easy tutorialsfrom the Schaum‘s series


Motivation

Motivation


WS 2018/19


Intelligent Database or Intelligent Database System?

DBDBMS

. . . .

DBS

?

Where is „intelligence“ located?In the DB or in the DBMS?

Or even outside the DBS?


IDBS: „Intelligent Services“ in a DBMS

DBDBMS

DBS

genericspecific

Certainly required: „Intelligent“ behaviour of the DBS, i.e., generic (application-independent) servicesinside the DBMS, able to „simulate intelligence“


IDBS: „Knowledge“ Inside a DB

DBDBMS

DBS

generic

specific

Also certainly required: „Knowledge“ about the resp. application domainin the DD(Data Dictionary)

„Knowledge“: Rulesfrom the application domain as a basis fordrawing intelligent conclusions from stored data

DD


IDBS: „Traditional“ Approach with External System Components

DBDBMS

DBS

Inference System, Agent System, Expert System

Knowledge Base,Rule Base

„loose coupling“

Preferred by many: Move „Intelligence“ and „Knowledge“ out of the DBS


IDBS: Our Approach – „In database-Intelligence“!

DBDBMS

DBS

Approach favoured by our research group (and thus in this lecture):• Try to reach as much „intelligence“ as possible using existing DB technology!• Identify weaknesses of this technology and think about reasonable

extensions, without leaving the DB context!

„tight coupling“


At the core of IIS: Theory and Practice of Deductive Databases

This approach – which is a special one –explains the drawing on the title slide ofthis lecture.

Therefore:Theory and Practice of the establishedresearch area of „Deductive Databases“will be at the core of this lecture.

The essence of this area of research can bedescribed as follows:

How to analyse data using stored queries(in SQL: views) that serve as declarativeanalytical programs!


Datalog and SQL

SQL: Datalog:

• used in industryand commerce• supported by many DBMS products• standardized• user-friendly(„controlled English“)• rich set of syntactic features

• used in academiaonly• just few academic protoypes• no standards• mathematicalstyle• minimalisticsyntax

• Research in deductive databases has a nearly 40-years history (as old as SQL), buthas been using a differentdeclarative language (not SQL!) most of the time, stronglyinfluenced by the logic programming language PROLOG:

• Nearly all publications in this area have been using Datalog– that‘s why we will useDatalog during this lecture, too (and you will have to learn it!).

• Many results of DDB research have been transferred to the SQLworld recently!That‘s why SQL will also be appearing throughout the lecture in various places.

Datalog


Datalog vs. SQL: Comparison in a Nutshell

s(X) ← p(X,Y).s(X) ← r(Y,X).

t(X,Y,Z) ← p(X,Y), r(Y,Z).

w(X) ← s(X), not q(X).

Datalog rules CREATE VIEW s AS(SELECT a FROM p)

UNION(SELECT b FROM r);

CREATE VIEW t ASSELECT a, b, cFROM p, rWHERE p.b = r.a,

CREATE VIEW w AS(TABLE s)

MINUS(TABLE q);

SQL views


Datalog Basics on a Single Slide

p(1,a).p(2,b).p(3,c).

q(2).q(5).

r(a,1).r(a,2).r(b,3).

s(X) ← p(X,Y).s(X) ← r(Y,X).

t(X,Y,Z) ← p(X,Y), r(Y,Z).

w(X) ← s(X), not q(X).

Facts

Rules

Constants

Conjunction

Negation

p, q, r: Base relations s, t, w: Derived relations

Variables

Relation Names


Structure of the Course

1. Organisation and Motivation 1 lecture

2. Deduction in Datalog and SQL 7 lectures3. Semantics of Deductive Databases 6 lectures4. Query Evaluation in DDBs 6 lectures5. Update Propagation in DDBs 6 lectures

This is how the lecture will be structured – the number of lectures might be slightly varying in „real life“:

Timetable: • Chapter 1: today• Chapter 2: Oct/Nov• Chapter 3: Nov/Dec• Chapter 4: Dec/Jan• Chapter 5: Jan

In this semester, IIS will be more compactthan in previous years –due to the reasons mentioned earlier!

One chapter will be skippedentirely (5),One chapter will be shortened(4).

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