Prof. OGUNLADE DAVIDSON

Director

UNFCCC Workshop on Technology Transfer, 9-10 April, 2003

Energy & Development Research CentreUniversity of Cape Town

Enabling Environment for Development and Transfer of

Technologies

MotivationsMotivations

Development goals, Development goals, environmental goals, environmental goals, competitive advantagecompetitive advantage

Profits, Market share, Profits, Market share, return on investmentsreturn on investments

Development and Development and environmental goalsenvironmental goals

Knowledge transfer Knowledge transfer

Information, educationInformation, education

Welfare, Utility Welfare, Utility

Perspectives of Technology TransferPerspectives of Technology Transfer

StakeholderStakeholder

Governments Governments (national,regional, local)(national,regional, local)

Private Sector (TNCs, Private Sector (TNCs, MNCs, MSEs, )MNCs, MSEs, )

Donors (MDBs, GEF, Donors (MDBs, GEF, Bilateral)Bilateral)

R&D, D InstitutionsR&D, D Institutions

Media/PublicMedia/Public

Consumers Consumers

Meaning of Technology TransferMeaning of Technology Transfer

Broad set of processes, covering flow of knowledge, Broad set of processes, covering flow of knowledge, experience, equipment amongst stakeholdersexperience, equipment amongst stakeholders

Includes technology diffusion and technology co-operationIncludes technology diffusion and technology co-operation

Between developed and developing countries as well as Between developed and developing countries as well as within/amongst each of the group of countrieswithin/amongst each of the group of countries

Includes learning to understand, choose, utilise, modify and Includes learning to understand, choose, utilise, modify and replicate technologyreplicate technology

It includes both “hard” and “soft” technologies – technical, It includes both “hard” and “soft” technologies – technical, managerial and business skillsmanagerial and business skills

Technology transfer includes values, attitudes and Technology transfer includes values, attitudes and relationshipsrelationships

Different Development and Climate Change Different Development and Climate Change Response Response

Experiences and Lessons – Technology Transfer Experiences and Lessons – Technology Transfer

Lack of well defined national planLack of well defined national plan

Difficulties in developing national needs assessmentDifficulties in developing national needs assessment

Inadequate information for technology selectionInadequate information for technology selection

Need to have extra effort to locate indigenous skillsNeed to have extra effort to locate indigenous skills

Improper understanding of technology transfer Improper understanding of technology transfer mechanismsmechanisms

Lack of installation and testing skillsLack of installation and testing skills

Lack of adequate standardsLack of adequate standards

Inadequate R&D and D facilitiesInadequate R&D and D facilities

Lack of supporting commercial environment Lack of supporting commercial environment

Different Levels of CapacitiesDifferent Levels of Capacities

Enabling environmentEnabling environment

Societal levelSocietal level

Organisation LevelOrganisation Level

Individual LevelIndividual Level

LEVELS OF CAPACITY BUILDING/DEVELOPMENTLEVELS OF CAPACITY BUILDING/DEVELOPMENT

INDIVIDUAL

- INSTITUTIONAL REFORM SUPPORT

TEAM

INSTITUTION

- TRAINING - INFORMATION SUPPORT SUPPORT

NATIONAL & SECTORS

MACRO SCALE

MESO SCALE

MICRO SCALE

REGIONAL

INTERNATIONAL

- INSTALLING & TESTING - PRODUCT

MODIFICATION - COMMERCIAL - TECHNOLOGY

PARTNERSHIP - COLLABORATIVE R & D

- NETWORKING & LINKAGES

National Systems of InnovationNational Systems of Innovation

Integration of capacity building, access to information and Integration of capacity building, access to information and creating enabling environmentcreating enabling environment

stimulate partnerships between all relevant private and stimulate partnerships between all relevant private and public stakeholders, both domestically as well as public stakeholders, both domestically as well as internationallyinternationally

provide focus for activities of GEF, MDB’s and other provide focus for activities of GEF, MDB’s and other international organisations international organisations

include wide variety of activities, such as training, include wide variety of activities, such as training, strengthening educational institutions, assessment of strengthening educational institutions, assessment of information, identification of solutions for removing barriers, information, identification of solutions for removing barriers, innovative financing mechanismsinnovative financing mechanisms

Actions by Developed CountriesActions by Developed Countries

Support the development agenda of developing Support the development agenda of developing countries and EITscountries and EITs

Contribute and enhance the use of local capacities of Contribute and enhance the use of local capacities of developing countries and EITsdeveloping countries and EITs

Develop systems that are flexible to cope with Develop systems that are flexible to cope with conditions in developing countriesconditions in developing countries

Promote shared responsibilities with usersPromote shared responsibilities with users

Support systems of consultationSupport systems of consultation

Support long-term commitmentsSupport long-term commitments

Actions by Developing CountriesActions by Developing Countries

Set up a development agendaSet up a development agenda

Identify indigenous capacitiesIdentify indigenous capacities

Coordination of external resourcesCoordination of external resources

Develop a system of consultationDevelop a system of consultation

Develop of monitoring and evaluationDevelop of monitoring and evaluation

Training of Human ResourceTraining of Human Resource Investments in well-structured programs that maximise Investments in well-structured programs that maximise

resource use to achieve agreed minimum threshold of resource use to achieve agreed minimum threshold of required manpower required manpower

Participation in global, regional and national programs that Participation in global, regional and national programs that are geared to concerns and interest of client are geared to concerns and interest of client

Promotion of targeted “learning by doing” or “experimental Promotion of targeted “learning by doing” or “experimental learning” programs while improving attitudes and valueslearning” programs while improving attitudes and values

Development of partnership programs with external Development of partnership programs with external institutions in three stages:institutions in three stages: External and nation/regional centres jointly design, adapt, External and nation/regional centres jointly design, adapt,

deliver and evaluatedeliver and evaluate External centre undertake supervisory and monitoring External centre undertake supervisory and monitoring

activitiesactivities External centre undertake quality control and updating External centre undertake quality control and updating

Institutional DevelopmentInstitutional Development Development of mechanism that reflects culture of Development of mechanism that reflects culture of

technology professionalism that maximise trained technology professionalism that maximise trained manpowermanpower

Development of long-term institutional linkages and Development of long-term institutional linkages and partnerships with regional and global institutions with partnerships with regional and global institutions with commitment to endogenous capacity building and commitment to endogenous capacity building and performance bench-marking performance bench-marking

Setting up internal evaluation programs with rapid Setting up internal evaluation programs with rapid feedback to individuals and teams for performance feedback to individuals and teams for performance improvementimprovement

Development of pilot projects Development of pilot projects

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Energy & Development Research Centre EDRCEmail: ogunlade@energetic .uct.ac.za