professionalism course for students tel aviv, 29 june 2010

66
Professionalism Course For students Tel Aviv, 29 June 2010

Upload: marian-richards

Post on 30-Dec-2015

214 views

Category:

Documents


1 download

TRANSCRIPT

Professionalism Course

For students

Tel Aviv, 29 June 2010

Welcome and Introductions

Israeli Association of Actuaries (Ofer Brandt) UK Actuarial Profession (Chris Daykin)

Overview Professional behaviour during the course

timely attendance expected active participation required please turn off mobile phones no office business

Expectations about the course raises questions rather than provides all the answers a step on the road to practising as a professional

Aims of Course

To enable attendees to understand what is meant by professionalism in the current business climate

To understand what actions must be taken to meet the professionโ€™s requirements

To give attendees an opportunity to reflect on issues of professionalism and discuss these with their peer group

Timetable

14.00 Introduction to Course objectives14.15 Introduction to Professionalism and

Corporate Governance15.00 Code of Professional Conduct15.45 Tea/coffee break16.15 Professional roles for Israeli actuaries16.45 Generic Case Studies (1) โ€“ group work17.30 Generic Case Studies (1) โ€“ report back18.15 Presentation of attendance certificates18.30 Close

ProfessionalismIntroduction to professionalism and corporate governance

Chris Daykin

What we are going to coverโ€ฆ. Characteristics of a profession What do members, clients and the public gain

from the existence of our profession? What is expected of us as professional people? In our profession:

โ€ข What must we comply with?โ€ข How should we contribute?โ€ข How does corporate governance work?

Characteristics of a profession

Some key characteristics of a profession are:

Characteristics of a profession6 key characteristics of a profession are:

โ€ข Members join together to apply a specialised skillโ€ข The skill has been developed through appropriate

educationโ€ข Members have a special relationship with those servedโ€ข Recognised by the public as an authority in field of

expertise, able to serve the public interestโ€ข Standards of competence and conduct of membersโ€ข High level of integrity by members in exercising judgement

Characteristics of a profession

Other characteristics of a profession may be:

โ€ข fully or partially self-regulatedโ€ข fulfilling some specific statutory rolesโ€ข champion of research and extension of knowledgeโ€ข able to discipline its members if necessaryโ€ข contributor to public debateโ€ข contributing to well-being of societyโ€ข member of international actuarial community (IAA)

What do members, clients and the public gain from the existence of our Profession?

Clients, Public Members

What do members, clients and the public gain from the existence of our Profession?

Clients, Public

specialist skills quality control high standards of service integrity input into public debate statutory roles

What do members, clients and the public gain from the existence of our Profession?

Clients, Public

specialist skills quality control high standards of service integrity input into public debate statutory roles

anything

Members

agreed standards mutual support lobby strength status income

else ?

What is expected of us as professional people?

demonstrating, and applying appropriately, specialist skills providing reliable up-to-date technical knowledge and advice complying with the professionโ€™s code of conduct complying with legislation and with standards of practice performing statutory roles to a high standard behaving ethically exercising judgement with high level of integrity communicating well having due regard to the interests of those affected

What is expected of us as professional people? (continued)

respecting and supporting others having fiduciary relations with clients (relationship of trust) being reliably confidential life-long learning โ€“ developing our knowledge and skills having no adverse disciplinary record assisting the profession to serve the public interest contributing to public debate contributing to the work of the profession having a good status and a relatively high level of income!

In our Profession, what must we comply with?

The Professionโ€™s Controls

Code of Conduct qualification standards CPD Scheme Standards of Practice Practice Certificates recommended practice educational notes disciplinary scheme

In our Profession, what must we comply with?

The Professionโ€™s Controls

Code of Conduct qualification standards CPD Scheme Standards of Practice Practice Certificates recommended practice educational notes disciplinary scheme

External Controls

legislation insurance commissioner pensions regulator for UK profession:

Financial Reporting Council Professional Oversight Board for

Accountants and Actuaries regulation of investment activities โ€“

impact on actuaries

In our Profession, how should we contribute?

becoming member of exam team participating in Israeli Association of Actuaries, UKAP,

SoA, CAS or IAA writing a paper for, and speaking at, conferences and

seminars becoming a member of a committee joining a working party joining a research group

Your Profession Needs You

Regulation of the UK ProfessionFinancial Reporting Council

(FRC)And Board

Professional Oversight Board (POB)

Prof Stds, Ethics, Disciplinary, Education

Institute and Faculty Council

Board for Actuarial Standards(BAS)

Technical guidance notes

Accountancy and Actuarial Discipline Board

(AADB)Public interest cases

Regulation of the UK Profession

Management Board

Qualifications Executive Committee

Committees

Practice Executive Committees

Professional Regulation Executive Committee

CommitteesCommittees

Our Scope

we are a profession that can provide solutions to any problem involving financial risk and contingent events, especially where quantitative techniques can be applied

we are increasingly involved in an ever widening range of businesses in which we have insight and are able to fulfil technical, advisory, managerial or directorship roles

Major Fields of Actuarial Work

life insurance general insurance pensions social security investment banking

enterprise risk management

health care financing corporate finance expert witness government service personal financial advice education

The Institute of ActuariesFormed 1848Royal Charter 1884

to improve the status of the actuary to promote knowledge and research to apply actuarial methods to real problems to promote and develop high standards

Israeli Association of ActuariesFormed 1946

The Role of a Professional Body

education quality control research and maintaining knowledge base professional standards and guidance discipline of members considering the public interest reputation and standing of profession influence of profession

International Actuarial Association (IAA)

association of associations focus on professionalism a global profession development of quality and standards core educational syllabus responsive committee structure sections for individual members

Vision of IAA

To seek worldwide recognition for the actuarial profession

as a major player in the decision-making process

within the financial services industry,

in the area of social protection

and in the management of risk,

for the well-being of society as a whole.

IAA Committees

Executive Nominations Accreditation Advice & Assistance Financial Risk Insurance Accounting

Standards Insurance Regulation Mortality Working Group

Education Professionalism Pensions and

Employee Benefits Social Security Supranational Relations International Education

Programme Audit

IAA Sections โ€“ for individual members

ASTIN โ€“ general insurance and research AFIR โ€“ investments and financial risk IACA - consulting IAAHS โ€“ health and care PBSS โ€“ pensions, benefits and social security LIFE โ€“ life insurance AWB โ€“ Actuaries without borders

IAA activities

30th International Congress of Actuaries,

Washington DC, 30 March โ€“ 4 April 2014 IAA Council and Committee meetings: -

Vienna, Austria, 9-13 October 2010 - Sydney, Australia, 6-9 April 2011

IACA/PBSS/IAAHS Colloquium, Edinburgh, UK, 26-27 September 2011

ASTIN Colloquium, Madrid, Spain, 19-22 June 2011 AFIR Colloquium, Madrid, Spain, 19-22 June 2011

ProfessionalismIntroduction to actuarial codes of conduct

Tel Aviv, 29 June 2010

Minimum Code of Conduct of IAA

Having a code of conduct meeting the IAA minimum is one of main requirements to be fulfilled before an actuarial association can be admitted as a Full Member Association of the IAA

Minimum Code of Conduct of IAA (a)

An actuary shall perform professional services with integrity, skill and care (client responsibility) fulfil professional responsibility to client or employer fiduciary relationship with client

Minimum Code of Conduct of IAA (b)

An actuary shall act in a manner to fulfil the professionโ€™s responsibility to the public (common good) uphold the reputation of the actuarial profession not engage in false or misleading advertising or

business solicitation

Minimum Code of Conduct of IAA (c)

An actuary shall co-operate with others serving the actuaryโ€™s client or employer no disclosure of confidential information

Minimum Code of Conduct of IAA (d)

An actuary shall perform professional services only if competent and appropriately experienced an association may permit derogations, e.g. where client would be disadvantaged if advice denied where actuary is working with another fully competent

and experienced actuary

Minimum Code of Conduct of IAA (e)

An actuary is responsible for conforming to all applicable practice standards conform to relevant binding (mandatory) practice-

related guidance or standards issued or endorsed by actuaryโ€™s Association

take into account any non-binding (recommended) guidance

know the requirements of the relevant Code of Conduct

Minimum Code of Conduct of IAA (f)

An actuary shall, in communicating professional findings, show that he/she takes full responsibility for them indicate whether the actuary is available to provide

supplementary information and explanation

Minimum Code of Conduct of IAA (g)

An actuary shall, in communicating professional findings, identify the client and the capacity in which the actuary is acting

Minimum Code of Conduct of IAA (h)

An actuary shall not perform professional services involving the actuary in an actual or potential conflict of interest unless ability to act is unimpaired (no inhibition); and there has been full disclosure of actual or potential

conflict Associations may require that an actuary may only act

in these circumstances if all principals have expressly agreed to it

Minimum Code of Conduct of IAA (i)

When asked to take on professional services previously provided by another actuary, the actuary shall consider whether it is appropriate to consult the previous provider to ensure there are no professional reasons to decline to take it on

Minimum Code of Conduct of IAA (j)

An actuary shall disclose to the client any sources of material income that are related to any service on behalf of the client, as soon as such a source is identified

Minimum Code of Conduct of IAA (k)

An actuary shall be subject to the disciplinary procedures for his/her Association and, subject to any right of appeal, shall accept any judgement passed or the decision of any appeal procedure

The Actuariesโ€™ Code(Institute and Faculty of Actuaries)

Chris Daykin

The Actuariesโ€™ Code

principles-based small number of principles supported by Actuarial Profession Standards actuaries who disregard the principlesโ€ฆ or operate outside their reasonable interpretation โ€ฆmay be guilty of misconduct

The Actuariesโ€™ Code (effective 1 October 2009)

Integrity Competence and Care Impartiality Compliance Open Communication

The Actuariesโ€™ Code

Integrity

Members will act honestly and with the highest standards of integrity

show respect confidentiality honest, open and truthful

The Actuariesโ€™ Code

Competence and Care

Members will perform their professional duties competently and with care

understand who your client is appropriate level of knowledge and skill care new appointments keep competence up to date (CPD)

The Actuariesโ€™ Code

Impartiality

Members will not allow bias, conflict of interest, or the undue influence of others to override their professional judgement

objective and uncompromised advice avoidance/management of conflicts of interests consulting with previous adviser

The Actuariesโ€™ Code

Compliance

Members will comply with all relevant legal, regulatory and professional requirementsโ€ฆ..

challenging non-compliance speaking up

The Actuariesโ€™ Code

Open Communication

Members will communicate effectively and meet all applicable reporting standards

clear and appropriate communication for the intended audience the purpose of the communication the significance of the communication for the audience the capacity in which the member is acting

accurate and not misleading

In case of any doubt

A member who has any doubt โ€ฆ should normally first seek advice from the senior actuary in their firmโ€ฆ

โ€ฆor another senior actuary

Otherwise from the professional body (in the case of the UKAP normally through the secretary of the Professional Regulation Executive Committee)

Personal Responsibility

discuss problems with colleagues โ€ฆ โ€ฆ or a senior member of the profession think through all aspects carefully listen to your conscience take your decision have your work reviewed

Code of Professional Conduct (Israeli Association of Actuaries)Avi Bar-Or

ืœื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืืชื™ืงื” ื›ืœืœื™ื•ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื

ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช

- ืื•ืจ ื‘ืจ ืื‘ื™ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื”ืืงื˜ื•ืืจื™ื ืื’ื•ื“ืช ืฉืœ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ื ืฉื™ื

" ื”ืขืจืขื•ืจื™ื ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ืจ ื›ื™ื• ื›ื™ื•ื ืžื›ื”ืŸ

Tel Aviv, 29-30 June 2010

ืžื”ื™ ืืชื™ืงื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช

ืืชื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ื‘ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ื”ืžืชืืจ ืืช ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื•ืืชืชื•ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช , ื•ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช

ืžื•ืกืจ. ืืชื™ืงื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื ื— ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ ืฉืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืื•ืจื—ื•ืช

ื•ืœื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™.) ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืชื™ืงื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” 2003ืคืจื•ืค' ืืกื ื›ืฉืจ (

ื”ื‘ืื”: ืชืคื™ืกื” ืกื“ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœ ื”ืžืขืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช

ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช.

. ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช .ื ื•ื”ืœื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื ื•ื”ืœื™ ื”ืฉืจื•ืช ืืช ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื”ื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื ื•ื”ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ืจื”

. ื”ืืงื˜ื•ืืจื™ื ื‘ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ื ื ืžืกืจื•ืช ื›ืš ืœืฉื ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืชืคืงื™ื“ื›ื ืืช ืœืžืœื ืœื›ื ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืขื• ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืจืง ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขื˜ื™ื ื‘ืกืขื™ืคื™ื . ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉืจ ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ

. ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื” ืœื•ื•ืขื“ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืžืชื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืขื ืžืงื™ื™ื ืฉืืชื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœืš ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช

, ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืขื ืฉืœืš ื”ืžืขื‘ื™ื“ ืขื ืฉืœืš ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื•ืชื ืžืฉืจืช ืฉืืชื” ืืœื” . , ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชืš ืžื•ื“ืข ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืชื” ืืœื” ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืขื ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืื—ืจื™ื

, ืžื•ื“ืข ื’ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืœื™ืš ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืฉืœ ืฉื”ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืื—ืจ. ืขืžื™ืชื™ืš ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื ืœืื•ืคืŸ

, ื•ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืžืืžืฅ ื‘ืœื™ ืื•ืชื” ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืœื ื ืื•ืชื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืคืฉืจ . . ืจืฆื™ื ื™ ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ืื•ืชื” ื•ืœืงื™ื™ื ื ืื•ืชื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ืืžื•ืจ ืืชื” ืžื•ื“ืขืช ืœื‘

ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืขื ื•ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืกื™ืก ืขืœ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ. ื•ืฉืžื™ืจืชื ืืœื” ืขืจื›ื™ื ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช

ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช .ื—ื•ื‘ื” .ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืืงื˜ื•ืืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื•ืื ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืฉืจ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืขืœื™ืš

. , ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืื—ืจ ื•ืœืžืœื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืฉืœ ื•ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“

ื›ืืฉืจ ืจืง ื›ื–ื” ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืœืžืกื•ืจ ื•ืขืœื™ืš ืืงื˜ื•ืืจื™ ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืžื•ืกืจ ืืชื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืคื•ืขืœ ืืชื” . ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืื• ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืื• ื™ื•ื–ืžื” ืœื“ื›ื ื”ื–ืืช ื”ืื–ื”ืจื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื•ืกืžืš ืืชื”

. ืžืกืคืงืช ื”ื‘ื ื” ืœืš ืื™ืŸ ืฉืื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ืœืจืžืช ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืœืืœื” ืคืขื•ืœืชื” . , ื”ื‘ื ื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืคืฉืจ ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืžืœืชืช ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืื• ื›ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืขืœื™ืš ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ ื›ืœ ืฉืœ . , ืชืคืขืœ ืฉืœื ืจืฆื•ื™ ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจื™ื ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืขื ื•ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื•ืช ืžื—ืงืจ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื

. ื•ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืœืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืœื‘ื“ืš

ื‘ืžื•ื“ืข ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ื•ืœื ื‘ื—ื•ืง ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ืœืฉืžืฉ ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืืงื˜ื•ืืจื™ ืฉืจื•ืช ืœืชืช ืœืš ืืกื•ืจ . ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืืชื” ื”ื—ื•ืง ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืกืคืง ืœื“ืขืชืš ืงื™ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ืื—ื“ ืืฃ ืขื

ื”ืืงื˜ื•ืืจื™ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื ื•ืืช ืœืš ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ืืช ืฉืœืš ืœืœืงื•ื— ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข

ืžืขื‘ื™ื“ ืื• ืœืงื•ื— ืขื ืžืขื‘ื™ื“ .ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืื• ืœืงื•ื— ืขื .ื™ื—ืกื™ื. ืžืฉืจืช ืืชื” ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื•ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืฉืœืš ื”ืžืขื‘ื™ื“ ืื• ื”ืœืงื•ื— ืžื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘

ื•ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ื”ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืชืคืฉืจืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืœื‘ ื‘ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืžืขื‘ื™ื“ ืื• ืœืงื•ื— ื›ืœ ื›ืœืคื™ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืขืœื™ืš , , . ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžืฉืจืชื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืขื ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ืคืขื•ืœื” ืœืฉืชืฃ ืขืœื™ืš ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืœื” ืฉื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช

. ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ืงื™ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืขื‘ื™ื“ ืื• ืœืงื•ื—

ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืื• ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืš ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืขืœื™ืš . ื”ืื—ืจืื™ ืฉืืชื” ืกืคืง ืฉื•ื ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืœืš ืืœ ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืืงื˜ื•ืืจื™ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืš ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช

, , ื•ืชืžื•ืจื” ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืชืš ืืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืขืœื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืš. ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ื—ื•ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืื• ื ื•ืกืฃ ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื›ืœ ืœืกืคืง

, ืื ื›ื–ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืฉืจื•ืช ืœืชืช ืœืš ืืกื•ืจ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื›ืจื•ืš ื”ืืงื˜ื•ืืจื™ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืš ื›ืืฉืจ . ืฉื•ื ืœืš ื•ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ื ืจืื” ืื ืื• ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืงื™ื™ื ืื ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืขืœื™ืš ืžืงืฉื” ื”ื ื™ื’ื•ื“

, ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืืช ื’ื™ืœื™ืช ืื ืืœื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืš ืืกื•ืจ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชืš ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืกืคืงืœื›ืš ื”ืกื›ืžืชื ืืช ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื”ื‘ื™ืขื• ืฉืœืš ื”ืžืขื‘ื™ื“ ืื• ื•ื”ืœืงื•ื— ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื’ื•ืข ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื

. ื”ื™ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื›ืœ ืืช ื•ื‘ืžืœื•ืื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืœืœืงื•ื— ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืขืœื™ืš ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ืชื™ืชืŸ ืฉืืชื” " ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชืš ืื• ืฉืืชื” ืœ ื”ื  ื”ืชืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ ืื• ื”ืชืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ืœืชื™

. ื”ืœืงื•ื— ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืจ ืžื›ืœ

. ืืงื˜ื•ืืจื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื ื•ื”ืœื™ . ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืงื˜ื•ืืจื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื ื•ื”ืœื™ ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช

ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืฉื›ืœ ืขืœื™ืš ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ืžืืžืฆื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืขืฉื™ืช ืืžื ื ื”ืžืœืฆื” ืื•

ื•ืฉื›ืœ ื•ืžื”ื™ืžื ื™ื, ืžืกืคื™ืงื™ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื•ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืŸ ืฉื ืชืช ื“ืขืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื—ืช

ืฉืœื“ืขืชืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœื‘ืฆืข ืžืชื‘ืงืฉ ืืชื” ืืœื” ื›ืœ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืื ื•ื ืื•ืชื•ืช. ื”ื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ื ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžื”ื ื•ื”ืœ

ื”ื ืื•ืช ืื• ืžื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืื• ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืกืคื™ืงื™ื, ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื›ืœื•ืœ

ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื’ื•ืช ืžืชืื™ืžื” ื•ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช.

ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ืขืœื™ืš ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข, ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ืขืœ

ื™ื“ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ ื“ืขืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื”. ื‘ืื ืื™ื ืš ืคื•ืขืœ ืขืœ

ืคื™ ื›ืœืœื™ื ื•ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ ื“ืขืช ืืœื•, ืขืœื™ื™ืš ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื•ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืข.

ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืืชื” ืžื–ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืืงื˜ื•ืืจื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืชืŸ ืืชื” ื›ืืฉืจื‘ื• ืคื•ืขืœ

, ืฉืœ ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ืคื™ ืขืœ ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืขืœื™ืš ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืื—ืจ ืื•ื•ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื

. ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ืื ืืงื˜ื•ืืจื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืœื ื”ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ืชื—ื•ื ืื•ืชื• ืฉืœื›ืœืฉื”ื™

, ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื’ื•ืช ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืš ื”ืืœื” ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ืืช ืžืžืœืืช ืื™ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืšืžืชืื™ืžื”

. ื•ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช

, ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืขืœื™ืš ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื›ื” ืขื“ ืฉืขื‘ื“ ืื—ืจ ืืงื˜ื•ืืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืจื•ืช ื ื•ืชืŸ ืืชื” ื›ืืฉืจื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื•ืช

, ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืจืฆื™ืคื•ืช ืขืœ ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืฉืœื• ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืขืžื•ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช

. ื–ื” ืฉืจื•ืช ืœืชืช ืœืกืจื‘ ืขืœื™ืš ืฉื‘ืขื˜ื™ื™ืŸ

ืื—ืจื™ื ืืงื˜ื•ืืจื™ื ืขื ื•ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื .ืคืจืกื•ื ืืงื˜ื•ืืจื™ื ืขื ื•ื™ื—ืกื™ื .ืคืจืกื•ื. ืžื˜ืขื” ืื• ื›ื•ื–ื‘ ืคืจืกื•ื ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืคืจืกืžื• ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืขืฆืžืš ืœืคืจืกื ืœืš ืืกื•ืจ

ื‘ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื“ื•ืŸ ืžืคื’ื™ืขื” ืื• ืื—ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื•ื’ื ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืื• ืžื•ืฆื“ืงืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืขืœื™ืš . ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ื“ืขื•ืช ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืขื ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืขืœื™ืš ืื—ืจ ืืงื˜ื•ืืจ ื›ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื

. ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื• ืœืงื•ื—ืš ืฉืœ ืื• ืžืขื‘ื™ื“ืš ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืืช ืชืฉืจืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื , " ืฉืœ ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืื—ืจ ืืงื˜ื•ืืจ ื™ื“ื™ ืขืœ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืขื” ืœื–ื• ื ื•ื’ื“ืช ื“ืขื” ื”ื‘ืขืช ื™ ืข ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš

. ืขื ืื• ืืงื˜ื•ืืจื™ื ืขื ื“ืขืชืš ื—ื•ื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ืŸ ืืชื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื“ืขืชืš ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ืš ืคื™ ืฉืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื. ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื”ืื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืžื•ืก ืขืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืžื•ืจ ืืชื” ืื—ืจื™ื

ื•ื”ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืŸ ืžื–ื™ืงื” ืžืžื ื” ื”ืชืขืœืžื•ืช ืื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื”ื•ืœืžืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืฉืœืžื”ืกื‘ื•ืจ. ืืชื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชืื™ืžื” ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื” ืชื ืงื•ื˜ ืฉืœื ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืžืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื ื™ืฉ ืœืžืงืฆื•ืข

, ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืื• ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืœืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืื—ืจืื™ ืื—ืจ ืฉืืงื˜ื•ืืจ , " . ืขืœ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื™ื ืขื ื”ืืงื˜ื•ืืจ ืขื ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื™ื—ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœ ื›ื  ืคืขื•ืœื” ืื—ืจืช ื”ื•ืœืžืช

. ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืืช ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžืกืงื ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืขืฉื•ื™ ืืชื” ืื—ืจื™ื ืืงื˜ื•ืืจื™ื ืขื ืื• ื”ืืงื˜ื•ืืจืกืขื™ืฃ ) ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ื”ื ื”ืœื™ื ืคื™ ืขืœ ืœืฉื™ืงื•ืœื” ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช(, 16ืœื•ื•ืขื“ ืœืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืื•

ืื—ืจื•ืช.

ืื—ืจื™ื ืืงื˜ื•ืืจื™ื ืขื ื•ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื .ืคืจืกื•ื ืืงื˜ื•ืืจื™ื ืขื ื•ื™ื—ืกื™ื .ืคืจืกื•ื ื‘ืื’ื•ื“ืช ืžืœื ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืจืฉืื™ ืžืœื ื—ื‘ืจ ื•ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ

" ," ืื• , " ืืงื˜ื•ืืจ ืื• ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื " ).Fellowื”ืืงื˜ื•ืืจื™ื ื”ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื™ (F.IL.A.Aืื•

" ืื• ืžืชืžื—ื” ืขืžื™ืช ื‘ืชื•ืืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืจืฉืื™ ืžืชืžื—ื” ื”ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช " Associateืขืžื™ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื™ ืื•, A.IL.A.Aื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ) / ืœืคื™ (. ืื’ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืœื•ืžื“ ื ืœื•ื•ื” ื›ืขืžื™ืช ืขืฆืžื• ืืช ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืจืฉืื™ ืื—ืจ ื—ื‘ืจ

ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.

" ื”ืžื˜ืฉื˜ืฉ " ืื—ืจ ืชื•ืืจ ื›ืœ ืฉืœ ืื• ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืืงื˜ื•ืืจื™ื ื‘ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืืจ ืžื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ื™ืฉ. ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืืช

ืื’ื•ื“ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ ื—ื‘ืจ ืื• ืžืžื•ื ื” ืื• ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ืชืืจื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืจืฉืื™ ื—ื‘ืจ. , ื‘ืื’ื•ื“ื” ื›ื–ื” ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื›ื‘ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืฉ ื”ื•ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืืงื˜ื•ืืจื™ื

, ืจืฉืื™ ืื™ื ืš ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืืคื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ื‘ืื’ื•ื“ื” ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ืš ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืชื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืื• ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืฉืžืฉ ืื™ื ื• ื›ืืฉืจ . ื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ืื•ืฉืจื• ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ืš ืื• ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืฉืžื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืืชื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืœืจืžื•ื– ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ

Generic Case Studies

Report back from groups and discussion

Tel Aviv, 29 June 2010

Privileged information

Mortality investigations Duties carried out by actuaries in your company Calculation of reserves on particular policy types Salary levels of actuaries in your organisation Current product development being undertaken Detailed bases for valuations you carry out Premium revisions to take into account higher

commission and recent tax changes

Ethics

questionable selling practices transparency in marketing literature public interest and the role of the profession your position as an individual actuary your responsibility to your company (client)

Challenging another actuary

is it appropriate to disagree with another actuary? how should you handle such a situation? what conditions apply to making criticisms? should you report the other actuary?

Working late

conflict between work and home responsibilities commercialism v ethical behaviour responsibility of a manager respect for others is this really a professionalism issue?