Suppor&ng  the  regula&on  and  monitoring  of  land  surface  mo&on  

Andy  Sowter,  Jon  Gluyas  &  Paul  Bha&a    

Onshore  Oil  &  Gas  Planning  &  Environmental  Summit  

6th  July  2016,  Manchester  

Introduc&on  •  New  ‘game-­‐changing’  system  for  measuring  land  instability  

using  satellite  based  remote  sensing    •  Support  for  regula&on  and  monitoring  of  shale  gas  extrac&on    •  Low  cost,  non-­‐invasive  and  globally  available  solu&on  for  

regulators,  society  and  operators.  

The  breakthrough  (2012)  5mm/year  UpliV  

5mm/year  Subsidence  

From  this…  

To  this…  

Sowter, A., Bateson, L., Strange, P., Ambrose, K. and Syafiudin, M.F., “DInSAR estimation of land motion using intermittent coherence with application to the South Derbyshire and Leicestershire coalfields,” Remote Sensing Letters, Vol. 4, Issue 3, 2013, DOI: 10.1080/2150704X.2013.823673  

When  combined  with  Geology…  

•  Extent  of  upliV  corresponds  to  coal  measures  •  UpliV  is  clearly  bound  by  geological  faults  

Courtesy  of  BGS  

ISBAS  (Intermi[ent  Small  Baseline  Subset)  Method:  §  Gives  a  unique  capability  to  densely  

survey  vegetated  terrain  §  Recently  validated  (Sowter  et  al,  

2016)  –  RMSE  1.5  mm/year

Valida&on  North  Holland  Gas  Field  

ISBAS* Result *Developed by the University of Nottingham  

Basic Land Cover Classes  

ISBAS  Subsidence  Profile  European  Gas  Storage  Site  

Coal  Mining  Subsidence  

UpliV  &  Faults,  South  Wales  

Bateson, L., Cigna, F., Boon, D. and Sowter, A., (2014) The application of the SBAS (ISBAS) InSAR method to the South Wales Coalfield, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 34, pp.249-257, 2014.

UpliV  &  Faults,  East  Midlands  

Mining-Related Quakes Does  the  Earth  move  for  you?  

M

M

M

M

M

MM

M

M

M

M

MM

MM

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

IGAS

KEY IGASML018

EXL189 (Lingfield)

KEY

CUADRILLA

PEDL014

ALKANEEXL253

PEDL057

PL220

See Inset for details of this area

PICKERING

PL234CAYTHORPEVIKING

DL005

WADDOCK CROSS

LOMER

HERRIARD

BALCOMBE ASHDOWN

BOLNEY

HEATHFIELD

CLEVELAND HILLS

RALPH CROSS

KIRKLEATHAM

CLOUGHTON

EGDONPEDL068

PEDL162REACH

PEDL163DART

PEDL177VIKING

PEDL165CUADRILLA

PEDL164AURORA

PEDL193IGASPEDL191

ALKANE

PEDL184IGAS PEDL190

IGAS

PEDL189DART

PEDL187DART

PEDL188DART

PEDL186DART

PEDL185DART

PEDL185DART

PEDL255ALKANE/NEWTON PEDL208

NEWTON

PEDL254ALKANE/NEWTON

PEDL204NEWTON

PEDL201EGDON

PEDL211DART

PEDL212ADAMO

PEDL214UK METHANE

PEDL215UK METHANE

PEDL218ADAMO

PEDL216COASTAL PEDL217

COASTALPEDL219COASTAL

PEDL224SONOREX

PEDL237EGDON

PEDL231CELTIQUE

PEDL234CELTIQUE

PEDL243CELTIQUE

PEDL246MAGELLAN

PEDL244CUADRILLA

PEDL235IGAS

PEDL233IGAS

PEDL220COASTAL

DOE GREEN

POTTERIES

NOOKS FARM

PEDL147DART

PEDL148UK METHANE

PEDL149UK METHANE

Pontycymmer

Hem Heath Vent

Sutton Manor Vent

Florence Vent

PEDL246 MAG.

Gedling Vent

WYTCH FARM

STOCKBRIDGE

SINGLETON

HUMBLY GROVE

ALBURY

STORRINGTON

WAREHAM

AIRTH

HORNDEAN

MALTON

PALMERS WOOD

GOODWORTH

ELSWICK

BLETCHINGLEY

MARISHES

REMPSTONE

KIRBY MISPERTON

BROCKHAM

ARNSFARM

LIDSEY

BELVOIR

COWDEN

ESKDALE

LOCKTON

LONG CLAWSON

CAYTHORPE

LINGFIELD

AVINGTON

KINOULTON

BARGEDDIE

KIMMERIDGE

GODLEY BRIDGE

BAXTERS COPSE

CROPWELL BUTLER

MILTON OF BALGONIE

PERENCO

CAITHNESS

EGDON

MOORLAND

ADAMO

NORTHERN

DART

DART

HUMBLY GROVEGAS STORAGE

EGDON

DART

SEVENSTAR

VIKING

EUROPA

IGAS

VIKING

MAGELLAN

IGAS

IGAS

SONOREX

IGAS

PERENCO

IGAS

GREENPARK

IGAS

VIKING

PERENCO

VIKING

IGAS

IGAS

CUADRILLA

IGAS

IGAS

IGAS

BIOGAS

BIOGAS

IGAS

VIKING

CUADRILLA

VIKING

ALKANE

CUADRILLA

IGAS

IGAS

DL002

IGAS IGAS

UK GAS

UK GAS

ALKANE

ALKANE

PEDL068

PEDL133

PL089

PEDL158

PEDL120

PL090

PEDL126

PEDL146

AL010

PEDL100

PL081

PL116

PL079

PEDL070

PEDL141

PEDL137

PEDL143

PL080

PEDL078

PEDL157

EXL273

PL233

PL182

PL077

PEDL145

PEDL021

PL211

PL240

PEDL040

ML005

AL006

PL205

ML021

EXL276

EXL203

PL249

EXL269

EXL189 (Cowden)

PL080

DL004

EXL269

PL259

PEDL056

PL235

PL220

PL241

EXL253

PEDL039

PEDL014

TL

SJ

SK

SP

SE

ST

NS

SU

NY

NN

SO

TQ

NG

NT

NH

NM

TF

NJ

SN

SD

NR

NO

NC

NX

NB

NZ

SX

SH

TM

ND

TR

TG

SY

SW

SZ

NU

NW

NK

TA

TV

SS

HIGHLAND

DEVON

CUMBRIA

POWYS

KENT

NORFOLK

ESSEX

SUFFOLK

NORTH YORKSHIRE

ABERDEENSHIRE

HAMPSHIRE

FIFE

MORAY

CORNWALL

DORSET

ANGUS

SOMERSET

WILTSHIRE

DURHAM

NORTHUMBERLAND

ARGYLL AND BUTE

STIRLING

DUMFRIES AND GALLOWAY

SHROPSHIRE

SCOTTISH BORDERS

LANCASHIRE

DERBYSHIRE

CHESHIRE

PERTHSHIRE AND KINROSS

SURREY

OXFORDSHIRE

CAMBRIDGESHIRE

STAFFORDSHIRE

WEST SUSSEX

GLOUCESTERSHIRE

HEREFORDSHIRE

EAST SUSSEX

LEICESTERSHIRE

WARWICKSHIRE

CARMARTHENSHIRE

NORTHAMPTONSHIRE

CARDIGANSHIRE

NORTH AYRSHIRE

HERTFORDSHIRE

PEMBROKESHIRE

WORCESTERSHIRE

GREATER LONDON

LEEDS

EAST AYRSHIRE

SOUTH LANARKSHIRE

BUCKINGHAMSHIRE

BEDFORDSHIRE

SOUTH AYRSHIRE

CAERNFONSHIRE AND MERIONETHSHIRE

DENBIGHSHIRE

WREXHAM

MONMOUTHSHIRE

EAST LOTHIAN

ISLE OF MAN

ARGYLL AND BUTE

KIRKLEES

ABERCONWY AND COLWYN

RUTLAND

FLINTSHIRE

WEST BERKSHIRE

FALKIRK

ISLE OF ANGLESEY

SWANSEA

SHEFFIELD

BRADFORD

BARNSLEYWIGAN

MIDLOTHIAN

WIRRAL

CALDERDALE

WEST LOTHIAN

ISLE OF WIGHT

SWINDON

BRIDGEND

CAERPHILLY

NORTH LANARKSHIRE

BIRMINGHAM

NORTH SOMERSET

ARGYLL AND BUTE

SEFTON

SOLIHULL

BURY

NEATH AND PORT TALBOT

MILTON KEYNES

SOUTH GLOUCESTERSHIRE

NEWPORT

BOLTON

DARLINGTON

CARDIFF

INVERCLYDE

ARGYLL AND BUTE

OLDHAM

MEDWAYMEDWAY

THURROCK

RENFREWSHIRE

ROCHDALE

WOKINGHAM

DUDLEY

TORBAY

WARRINGTON

TORFAEN

WALSALL

TELFORD AND WREKIN

CITY OF EDINBURGH

CITY OF PETERBOROUGH

THE VALE OF GLAMORGAN

ST HELENS

GATESHEAD

POOLE

LIVERPOOL

BLACKBURN

CITY OF ABERDEEN

SUNDERLAND

COVENTRY

BATH AND NORTH-EAST SOMERSET

TAMESIDE

STOCKTON-ON-TEES

SALFORD

REDCAR AND CLEVELAND

STOCKPORT

CITY OF GLASGOW

TRAFFORD

MEDWAYMEDWAY

CLACKMANNANSHIRE

SANDWELL

WINDSOR AND MAIDENHEAD

LUTON

HARTLEPOOL

CITY OF DERBY

READING

CITY OF DUNDEE

SLOUGH

LINCOLNSHIRENOTTINGHAMSHIRE

EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE

YORK

WAKEFIELD

RHONDDA, CYNON, TAFF

WESTERN ISLANDS COUNCIL

CITY OF BRISTOL

EAST RENFREWSHIRE

MANCHESTER

KNOWSLEY

DUMBARTON AND CLYDEBANK

MERTHYR TYDFIL

EAST DUMBARTONSHIRE

BLAENAU GWENT

HALTON

BRACKNELL FOREST

NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE

HALTON

NORTH TYNESIDE

CITY OF PLYMOUTH

BRIGHTON AND HOVE

WOLVERHAMPTON

CITY OF LEICESTER

CITY OF STOKE-ON-TRENT

SOUTH TYNESIDE

CITY OF NOTTINGHAM

BOURNEMOTH

BLACKPOOL

MIDDLESBROUGH

CITY OF PORTSMOUTH

CITY OF SOUTHHAMPTON

SOUTHEND-ON-SEA

ISLE OF ANGLESEY

WESTERN ISLANDS COUNCIL

140000

140000

150000

150000

160000

160000

170000

170000

180000

180000

190000

190000

200000

200000

210000

210000

220000

220000

230000

230000

240000

240000

250000

250000

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

300000

300000

310000

310000

320000

320000

330000

330000

340000

340000

350000

350000

360000

360000

370000

370000

380000

380000

390000

390000

400000

400000

410000

410000

420000

420000

430000

430000

440000

440000

450000

450000

460000

460000

470000

470000

480000

480000

490000

490000

500000

500000

510000

510000

520000

520000

530000

530000

540000

540000

550000

550000

560000

560000

570000

570000

580000

580000

590000

590000

600000

600000

610000

610000

620000

620000

630000

630000

640000

640000

650000

650000

660000

660000

670000

670000

680000

680000

690000

690000

700000

700000

710000

710000

720000

720000

730000

730000

740000

740000

750000

750000

760000

760000

770000

770000

780000

780000

790000

790000

800000

800000

810000

810000

820000

820000

830000

830000

10000 10000

20000 20000

30000 30000

40000 40000

50000 50000

60000 60000

70000 70000

80000 80000

90000 90000

100000 100000

110000 110000

120000 120000

130000 130000

140000 140000

150000 150000

160000 160000

170000 170000

180000 180000

190000 190000

200000 200000

210000 210000

220000 220000

230000 230000

240000 240000

250000 250000

260000 260000

270000 270000

280000 280000

290000 290000

300000 300000

310000 310000

320000 320000

330000 330000

340000 340000

350000 350000

360000 360000

370000 370000

380000 380000

390000 390000

400000 400000

410000 410000

420000 420000

430000 430000

440000 440000

450000 450000

460000 460000

470000 470000

480000 480000

490000 490000

500000 500000

510000 510000

520000 520000

530000 530000

540000 540000

550000 550000

560000 560000

570000 570000

580000 580000

590000 590000

600000 600000

610000 610000

620000 620000

630000 630000

640000 640000

650000 650000

660000 660000

670000 670000

680000 680000

690000 690000

700000 700000

710000 710000

720000 720000

730000 730000

740000 740000

750000 750000

760000 760000

770000 770000

780000 780000

790000 790000

800000 800000

810000 810000

820000 820000

830000 830000

840000 840000

850000 850000

860000 860000

870000 870000

880000 880000

890000 890000

900000 900000

910000 910000

920000 920000

930000 930000

940000 940000

950000 950000

960000 960000

Petroleum Act 1998

Areas currently under Licence

SCALE 1:900,000

For further details on the UK onshore, contact either:Toni Harvey tel: 0300 067 1611, email: toni.harvey@oga.gsi.gov.ukMike Hawkins tel: 0300 067 1625, email: michael.hawkins@oga.gsi.gov.uk

Index to National Grid numbers09

08

07

06

05

04

03

02

01

00

19

18

17

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

29

28

27

26

25

24

23

22

21

20

39

38

37

36

35

34

33

32

31

30

49

48

46

47

45

44

43

42

41

40

59

58

57

56

55

54

53

52

51

50

69

68

67

66

65

64

63

62

61

60

79

78

77

76

75

74

73

72

71

70

89

88

87

86

85

84

83

82

81

80

99

98

97

96

95

94

93

92

91

90

Gas Field

Oil Field Oil Discovery

Gas Discovery

Mines Gas Developments (active)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 Kms

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Miles

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

MM

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

CAUNTON

PEDL005

PEDL005

EGDON

EGDON

DART

EXL288

DART

EXL288

(Area 1 Fenwick)(Area 1 Rest)

(Area 1 Rest)(Area 2)

(Area 2)

PEDL183RATHLIN

PEDL179DART

PEDL174DART

PEDL178DART

PEDL182EGDON

PEDL173DART

PEDL180EUROPA

PEDL241EGDON

PEDL181EUROPA

PEDL253EGDON

PEDL169ALKANE

PEDL200DART

PEDL207DART

PEDL210DART PEDL210

DART

PEDL210DART

PEDL210DART

PEDL208NEWTON

PEDL202ALKANE

PEDL203EGDON

PEDL209BLACKLAND

ALKANEPEDL011

ALKANEPEDL011

ALKANEPEDL011

ALKANEPEDL011

ALKANEPEDL011

COURAGEEXL141

SE TA

SK TF

Bilsthorpe Vent

Newmarket Vent

CIRQUEEXL294

Cadeby Vent

PEDL001ALKANE

ALKANEPEDL001

DART

EXL288(Area 1 Trumfleet)

Calverton Vent

Harworth

Warsop Main

Kings Mill Vent

Mansfield Toray

Maltby Vent

Askern Vent

BECKERING

Prince of Wales Mine Vent

IGAS

IGAS

EGDON

DART

ALKANE

DART

SCOTTISH

DART

IGAS

COURAGE

WINGAS

DART

ALKANE

C.E.

IGAS

COURAGE

DART

IGAS

SCOTTISH

IGAS

DART

COURAGE

COURAGE

EGDON

IGAS

ALTAQUEST

IGAS

IGAS

ALKANE

IGAS

DART

ONSHORE IGAS

EUROPA

ALKANE

IGAS

IGAS

BLACKLAND PA

DART

ALKANE

ALKANE

ALKANE

ALKANE

ALKANE

ALKANE

ALKANE

ALKANE

ALKANE

ALKANE

ALKANE

ALKANE

DART

ALKANE

ALKANE

ALKANE

ALKANE

ALKANE

EUROPA OIL & GAS (WEST FIRSBY) LTD

ALKANE

BLACKLAND PA

PEDL011

PEDL140

PL162

PL179

PEDL146

PEDL139

PEDL130

PEDL006

EXL288

PEDL043

EXL294

PL162

PL161

ML004

ML003

PEDL006

PEDL090

PEDL012

PEDL005ML004

EXL141

PEDL090

PL161

EXL141

ML007

ML006

ML004

DL001

AL009

PEDL118

EXL288

PL215

PL213

DL003

PL199

PL199

PL179

PL178

EXL288

EXL250

PEDL001

PEDL001

PEDL001

PEDL001

PEDL037

PEDL037

PEDL037

PEDL001

PEDL037

PEDL037

PEDL037

PEDL037

PEDL001

PEDL001

PEDL001

PEDL001

PEDL037

PL215

PEDL037

Whitwell Vent

Wheldale Vent

HoughtonMainVent

Old Mill Lane Vent

Shirebrook Vent

Bevercotes Vent

BECKINGHAM

WELTON

HATFIELD

KEDDINGTON

EGMANTON

SALTFLEETBY

WHISBY

HATFIELD

COLD HANWORTH

TRUMFLEET

EAKRING

CALOW

GLENTWORTH

BRIGG

CORRINGHAM

STAINTON

EVERTON

TORKSEY

REEPHAM

BROUGHTON

SCAMPTON

KELHAM HILLS

NETTLEHAM

FISKERTON AIRFIELDNEWTON-ON-TRENT

CROSBY WARREN

WEST FIRSBY

IRONVILLE

SCAMPTON NORTH

FARLEYS WOOD

EAST GLENTWORTH

BOTHAMSALL

HEMSWELL

SOUTH LEVERTON

KIRKLINGTON

LINCOLNSHIRE

NOTTINGHAMSHIRE

EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE

DONCASTER

NORTH LINCOLNSHIRE

DERBYSHIRE

NORTH YORKSHIRE

YORK

LEEDS

ROTHERHAM

WAKEFIELD

BARNSLEY

SHEFFIELD

NORTH-EAST LINCOLNSHIRE

KINGSTON-UPON-HULL

440000

440000

445000

445000

450000

450000

455000

455000

460000

460000

465000

465000

470000

470000

475000

475000

480000

480000

485000

485000

490000

490000

495000

495000

500000

500000

505000

505000

510000

510000

515000

515000

520000

520000

525000

525000

530000

530000

535000

535000

540000

540000

545000

545000

550000

550000

350000 350000

355000 355000

360000 360000

365000 365000

370000 370000

375000 375000

380000 380000

385000 385000

390000 390000

395000 395000

400000 400000

405000 405000

410000 410000

415000 415000

420000 420000

425000 425000

430000 430000

435000 435000

440000 440000

445000 445000

450000 450000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Kms

0 5 10 15 20 25 Mls

SCALE 1:250,000

M

Onshore Licensing1 February 2016

Coal Bed Methane Field

Gas Storage Location

County and Unitary Authority Boundaries

© Crown copyright 2016.Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown Copyright and database right 2016.You may re-use this information (not including logos)free of charge in anyformat or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence.To view this licence, visit www.nationalarchives. gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, LondonTW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gsi.gov.uk.Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to us atjohn.seabourn@oga.gsi.gov.uk.This document is also available from our website athttps://www.gov.uk/oil-and-gas-onshore-maps-and-gis-shapefiles

PEDL  &  coal  mining  areas  

AGeNT  •  New  insights  on  UK  surface  eleva&on  changes…  

–  Large  spa&al  extents  of  deforma&on  –  Strong  correspondence  with  geology  

•  Many  causes:  –  Mining  –  Landfill  –  Fluid  injec&on/withdrawal  –  Tunnelling  –  Etc.  

•  The  overwhelming  trend  is  that  meso-­‐scale  land  mo&on  characteris&cs  in  the  UK  are  dictated  by  human  ac&vity  –  Anthropogenic  Neotectonics  (AGeNT)  

Dynamic  Baseline  •  Land  surface  mo&on  is  

highly  dynamic,  affected  by:  –  Weather  –  Groundwater  pumping  cycles  –  Shrink-­‐swell  –  Etc.  

•  When  trying  to  ascertain  land  subsidence  characteris&cs,  historical  observa&ons  over  many  years  is  required  

2002-­‐2008  1995-­‐2000  

From  Bateson  et  al.,  2012  

§  An  independent  report  commissioned  by  Cuadrilla  (Green  et  al,  2012)  concluded  that  the  tremors  caused  by  fracking  in  Preece  Hall,  Lancashire  in  2011  were  caused  by  fracking  fluids  leaking  into  already  stressed  faults  

Preece  Hall,  Lancashire  

Hydraulic Fracturing and Faults

•  Faults  under  stress  are  usually  very  difficult  to  iden&fy  

•  Normally,  geological  surveys  are  used  to  iden&fy  known  faults  and  possible  causes  

•  Some  ground-­‐based  methods  can  be  applied  (e.g.  sonic  log  data)  –  Expensive  –  Invasive  –  One  point  at  a  &me  –  Do  not  directly  measure  stress  

•  Our  satellite-­‐based  method  can  help!  

Detecting Stressed Faults

DECC  Project  Vale  of  Pickering,  UK   The British Geological Survey

(BGS) is monitoring the environment around a proposed fracking site in Yorkshire. http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/groundwater/shaleGas/monitoring/GroundMotionYorkshire.html ISBAS has been used to analyse archive ERS/ENVISAT data for land surface motion •  Initial results show area is

stable with a maximum deformation rate of 6.25 mm/year

Sentinel-1 data will be used in the next part of the study Image courtesy of BGS

Why  Use  Sen&nel-­‐1  Data?  •  Imagery is free for commercial

use. •  Very wide swath (250km) •  Regular acquisitions

–  Every 12 days in Europe –  Varies elsewhere

•  The mission is sustainable for the foreseeable future.

Copernicus services will also be used by policymakers and public authorities who need the information to develop environmental legislation and policies

Credit: ESA Available at: http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Sentinel-1/Downloads

First  Sen&nel-­‐1  ISBAS  Result  Mexico  City  

•  A  new  ‘game-­‐changing’  system  for  measuring  land  instability  using  satellite  based  remote  sensing    

•  The  system  supports  the  regula&on  and  monitoring  of  shale  gas  extrac&on  

•  Low  cost  •  Non-­‐invasive    •  Globally  available    •  for  regulators,  society                &  operators  

Conclusions  

andrew.sowter@geomaticventures.com j.g.gluyas@durham.ac.uk