Nutrition for National Development

in

Nigeria

A Call for Action

Poverty, Hunger and Malnutrition !

Hunger and

malnutrition increase

sufferings and crises

Poverty increases

hunger and

undernutrition

Nigerias Commitment

World Summits: Poverty

Nutrition

Food

Rights of children

Rights of women

Millennium Development Goals

Nigerias Initiative:

Food and Nutrition Policy reviewed & approved

Child Rights Bill Passed

Food and Nutrition Plan of Action developed

Vision 20: 2020 & Transformation Agenda

Malnutrition in Nigeria

N

Dry savannah Humid forest Mid-altitude Moist savannah

Nutritional Problems

Energy and protein

Vitamin A, Iron, Iodine

deficiencies

Poor infant and caring

practices

Nutrition related non-

communicable diseases

Signs not recognized Victims not aware

POVERTY

Education

INADEQUATE Funding

Poor Implementation

MALNUTRITION

GOVERNMENT POLICY

Economy Health Information Agriculture

Consequences of Malnutrition

Survival

Intelligence

Productivity

2011-2020

Infant and Child Mortality

One in Eleven dies

in the first

year of

life

One in Seven dies

in the first

5 years of

life

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SURVIVAL

Breastfeeding Practices (06 months)

Recommended: Infants

be exclusively breastfed

from birth to six months

of age

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WHO / Unicef / FMOH

15%

Infant Mortality and Poor Breastfeeding

21%

PROFILES 2011

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2 million infant deaths

2011-2020

Causes of Child Mortality in Nigeria

Malnutrition ~49%

WHO/CHERG, 2010

Child Mortality Attribuable to Protein-Energy Malnutrition

2.7 million child deaths (2011-2020)

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2i

Estimated Child Deaths (2011-2020) WHO/CHERG 2010, PROFILES 2011

Million children 0-5 years

Vitamin A Deficiency in Children NFCNS, 2003

Percent

68.7

76.1

70.1

28.2

21.6 22.8

3.1 2.47.1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Dry savanna Moist savanna Humid forest

Perc

ent

Normal Marginal Clinical

Vitamin A Deficiency

and Child Mortality

1,007,841

child

deaths 2011-2020

Anemia in Women of Reproductive Age

64,486 lives of women

lost 2011-2020

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

PreschoolChildren

PregnantWomen

WCBA

62%

Malnutrition and Education

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Malnutrition reduces:

Learning ability

Retention ability

School performance

EDUCATION

Effect of Iodine Deficiency in Pregnant Women

3% cretinism

10% moderate

to severe

mental

retardation

87% mild

intellectual

impairment

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Endemic Iodine Deficiency and Intellectual Development

IQ reduced by

13.5 points

source: 18 studies

Non Consumption of Iodized Salt

10 million

newborns

with mental

impairment

UNICEF/89006/Beswick 2011-2020

Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Children 0-5 Years

MI Global VMD Report, 2009

76%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

PreschoolChildren

PregnantWomen

WCBA

Benefit: Cost Analysis

ECONOMY

Takes into account:

UN population projection 2011-2020

Current malnutrition rates

Current mortality rates

Current employment rates

Current labor force participation rates

Annual discount rate of 3%

Total Productivity Losses: 2011-2020

0

10

Losses

(billion

$US)

4.1

6.4

4.4

Stunting

Iodine Deficiency

Iron Deficiency Anemia

15 billion $US

Total Productivity Gains: 2005-2014

0

3

Gains

(billion

$US)

0.8

1.1

7.7

Anemia

Stunting

Iodine Defciency

9.5 billion $US

Gains in Human Capital

21,000 Lives

of Mothers -

Maternal Anemia

712,000 Lives

of Children -

Protein-Energy Malnutrition

498,000 Lives

of Children -

Vitamin A Deficiency

10 million Newborns saved from

Mental Deficits -

Iodine Deficiency

5 million Lives

Aged 15-60 years saved from

Premature death and disability

- non-communicable

diseases

Return on Investment

Cost

1 $US

Benefit

23 $US

PROFILES

Conclusion

Sustained Investment in Nutrition

Would avoid:

Millions of deaths of children and women

Tragic lowering of intellectual capacity

Enormous economic lossess

Conditions for Attaining These Benefits

Recognize nutrition as a key factor for national

development

Show a real political commitment to improving

the nutrition situation of the population

Implement and optimize the impact of the

national food and nutrition policy by:

Targeting vulnerable groups

Adopting cost:effective interventions

Investment in Nutrition

Benefits:

Health

Education

Economy

Recommendations 1. Protect, promote, and support optimal child feeding

practices in the first two years of life

2. Ensure Iodine Requirements of the Population, through salt iodization

3. Ensure Iron/Folic Acid Requirements of the Population

4. Ensure Vitamin A Requirements of the Population through supplementation and fortification

5. Ensure nutritional support for adolescent girls, pregnant women, and lactating mothers

6. Nutritional care and support for people living with HIV-AIDS

7. Address nutrition-related non-Communicable Diseases

Nutrition Investment

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I see HOPE for a brighter future

Invest in Nutrition U

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The time to act is