PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR

DISSERTATION

DISSERTATION PROPOSAL

“A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF

PLANNED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE

REGARDING ALLERGIC ASTHMA AND ITS PREVENTION

AMONG SAWMILL WORKERS IN SELECTED SAWMILL

CENTERS IN TUMKUR.”

SUBMITTED BY

MISS, LAKSHMI.R

1 Y’r MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING,

SHRIDEVI COLLEGE OF NURSING,

TUMKUR - 572106

1

RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES

BANGALORE, KARNATAKA.

SYNOPSIS PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF

SUBJECTS FOR DESSERTATION

1 NAME OF THE CANDIDATE

AND ADDRESS

MISS, LAKSHMI.R

SHRIDEVI COLLEGE OF NURSING,

SIRA ROAD,

TUMKUR. - 572106

2 NAME OF THE INSTITUTE SHRIDEVI COLLEGE OF NURSING,

TUMKUR

3 COURSE OF STUDY AND

SUBJECT

Ist YEAR MSc NURSING

MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING

4 DATE OF ADMISSION TO

COURSE

1/07/2011

5 TITLE OF THE TOPIC

“A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE

EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANNED

TEACHING PROGAMME ON

KNOWLEDGE REGARDING ALLERGIC

ASTHMA AND ITS PREVENTION

AMONG SAWMILL WORKERS IN

SELLECTED SAWMILL CENTERS IN

TUMKUR.”

2

6. BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENTED WOR

INTRODUCTION“So many people spend their Health gaining Wealth, and then have to spend their

Wealth to regain their Health” – A J Rebmateri Quotes.

Wood is one of the most important renewable resources in the world. Wood is

The hard fibrous substance composing most of the stem and branches of a tree Or

shrub, and covered by the bark. The inner core of the wood is called Heartwood and

the outer layers are called sapwood. Wood dust become a potential health problem

when wood particles from processes such as sanding, cutting, drilling, sawing or

turning to sap wood become airborne, the total amount of airborne dust produced

depends only on the total mass of wood removed, and not the type of wood.19

Allergic and non allergic respiratory symptoms and cancers when they get deposited

in nose throat and other airways. Occupational exposure to wood dust may results

health hazards.22

The word asthma is derived from the Greek word “aazien” meaning difficulty

in breathing. According to report of National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute

[NHLBI] of USA, Asthma is defined as a, chronic lung disease characterized by2

- Airway obstruction that is reversible

- Airway inflammation

- Airway hyperactivity to a variety of stimuli.

It is a disease characterized by increasing responsiveness of trachea and

bronchi to the varies stimuli, and is manifested by widespread narrowing of the

airway passage that changes in severity.4 The symptom of asthma includes recurrent

attacks of wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing. An asthma

3

attack sudden worsening of asthma symptoms causes by tightening of muscles around

the airways. During the asthma attack, the lining of the airways become swollen or

inflamed and thicker mucus-more than normal is produced. All these factors-

inflammation, bronchospasm, and mucus production causing symptoms of an asthma

attack, such as difficulty breathing. Wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath and

difficulty performing normal daily activities.22

An association between fresh wood dust exposure and asthma, asthma

symptoms, coughing, bronchitis, and acute and chronic impairment of lung function.

In addition an association between fresh wood dust exposure and Rhino-

conjunctivitis was seen across studies. A part from plicatic acid in western red cedar

wood, no causal agents was consistently disclosed. Type 1 allergy is not suspected of

being a major cause of wood dust induced asthma. Concurrent exposure to micro

organisms and terpenses probably add to the inherent risk of wood dust exposure in

the fresh wood industry. 13

Epidemiological studies in English language journals with an internals with an

internal or external control group describing relationships between dry wood dust

exposure and respiratory disease or symptoms. Papers took into consideration

smoking and when dealing with lung function age. Asthma symptoms Coughing,

Bronchitis acute and chronic impairment of lung function. In addition, an association

between wood dust exposure and rhino-conjunctivitis is seen. Apart from plicatic acid

in western red cedar wood; no causal agent has consistently been disclosed. Type 1

allergy is not suspected to be a major cause of wood dust includes asthma.3

Occupational exposure to wood dust has been shown to cause several respiratory

disorders, such as allergic rhinitis, chronic bronchitis, asthma, Sino-nasal adino

4

carcinoma, and impairment of lung function. Occupational wood dust exposure can

induce allergy and may be one cause of respiratory health problems among wood

workers.23

In Poland, manufacturing process in which hard wood dust is discharged, are

considered as carcinogenic. numerous studies have shown that occupational exposure

to wood dust is strongly associated with the development of cancer of nasal cavity

and paranasal sinus [NSC], but data regarding the development of lung cancer are

conflicting and inconclusive.23 Occupational and Environmental lung disease are one

of major problems of clinical medicine. Several occupations are associated with

adverse health effects, and the lung is one of the parts of the body most vulnerable to

airborne hazards. Exposure to gas, fume, and dust can lead to occupational disease.22

Occupational asthma is an important industrial disease because it is not

uncommon, is disabling and is costly at both individual and societal levels. Primary

prevention efforts should be concentrated on exposure reduction through improved

dust controls accompanied by intense educational programmers with in at risk

workforces. Employment screening measures are doubtful ethical and legally, and are

highly inefficient. Secondary prevention is almost certainly useful in reducing the

impact of the disease, but current methods require considerable refinement.25

6.1 NEED FOR THE STUDY

5

“So many people spend their Health gaining wealth, and then have to spend their

Wealth to regain their Health”.

Asthma usually results from allergies to certain substances in environment. Its

main symptoms are coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing, and tightness in the

chest. Asthma also accompanied by symptoms of rhinitis, and conjunctives. Caused

by exposure to allergic or irritant substances found in the learning or wood

environment; or aggravated in somebody who is already asthmatic by these irritant

substances or physical factors (ex: - extreme ambient temperatures). In both cases

sources of dust that irritates or sensitizes the respiratory disease that causes

inflammation of the mucosa membranes in the nose, stuffy nose, running nose and

sneezing.

The N95 filtering half- face piece respirator is recommended is to protect

against dust. Use other respirators, depending on the intensity of the exposure, the

nature of task and the degree of efforts. All respirators have a protection (PF) that

indicates how effective they are and that reflects the theoretical concentration of the

contaminant in the environment compare to the mask. So, a factor of 10 indicates that

the concentration inside the respirator is 10 times less than that in the learning or

work environment. 17

There has been no community-based epidemiological study on the relation

of occupational exposures with asthma, rhinitis, and eczema in Turkey. Examined the

relationship between occupational exposures and adult-onset asthma, wheezing,

allergic rhinitis, and eczema in a Turkish adult population. Occupational exposures

were associated with wheezing and eczema prevalence in the studied population.

6

Nonsmokers could be more vulnerable to respiratory effects of occupational

exposures due to healthy smokers effect.9

Wood processing is usually performed in environments with large amount of

Endotoxin-rich bioaerosols that is associated with a variety of health effects. The aim

of this preliminary study was to assess the relation between endotoxin levels in settled

and airborne dust in wood-processing industry. In sawmill the settled dust as

endotoxin reservoir and suggests that it may add to already high exposure to airborne

endotoxins associated with wood processing. Investigations of the relation between

settled and airborne endotoxin levels should be continued to better understand the

sources and sites of endotoxin contamination in wood-processing industry.15

The prevalence and quantitative level of specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE)

to beech and pine wood in exposed workers. Wood sensitization was specified with

regard to cross-reactivity and was correlated to the reported symptoms. The

prevalence of wood sensitization among all workers was 3.7%. There was no

association between sensitization prevalence or sIgE concentrations and self-reported

allergic symptoms. Beech- and pine-sensitized workers showed a high prevalence of

CCD sensitization (73%).21

Asthma incidence in wood-processing industries in Finland in a register-

based population study. Statistically increased relative risks were found for low and

medium exposure to wood dust, but not for high exposure. Altogether 217 of the

4074 clinically verified asthma cases were reported as occupational asthma in the

Finnish Register on Occupational Diseases. The incidence rates for asthma were

significantly increased both among the woodworkers and the other blue-collar

workers in wood industries but without a clear dose-response. Cases recognized as

7

occupational asthma accounted for only a small part of the total asthma excess,

indicating that much of the work-related asthma excess remains unrecognized in this

industries.11

The correlations between exposures to wood dust, upper airways symptoms

and lung function. Analysed medical surveillance reports of 197 woodworkers with a

median wood dust TWA exposure of 2.1 mg/m3. The results have been analyses with

logistic regression to correlate prevalence of symptoms and Spiro metric data with

occupational exposure to wood dust, length of service, regular use of respiratory

protection and smoking habits. Epistaxis (prevalence: 10.1%), sub acute or chronic

rhinitis (prevalence: 41.6%), sub acute or chronic pharyngitis (prevalence: 17.2%),

pathologic decrease of VC (prevalence: 5.1%). The chronic irritation of upper and

lower respiratory tract are caused by exposure to wood dust below the European 8

hours exposure legal limit of 5 mg/m3.21

In 2009, current asthma prevalence was 8.2%, affecting 24.6 million people in

the United States. The annual percentage increase from 2001 to 2009 was 1.2%.

Asthma attack prevalence remained level between 3.9% and 4.3% during 1997–

2009.20

The number of people diagnosed with asthma grew by 4.3 million from

2001 to 2009. From 2001 through 2009 asthma rates raised. Asthma was linked to

3,447 deaths (about 9 per day) in 2007. Asthma costs in the US grew from about $53

billion in 2002 to about $56 billion in 2007, about a 6% increase. Greater access to

medical care is needed for the growing number of people with asthma.5

An American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, estimated 300

million people worldwide suffer from asthma, with 250,000 annual deaths attributed

8

to the disease. Workplace conditions, such as exposure to fumes, gases or dust, are

responsible for 11% of asthma cases worldwide. About 70% of asthmatics also have

allergies. It is estimated that the number of people with asthma will grow by more

than 100 million by 2025.5

Work-related asthma is the most commonly reported occupational lung

disease in the United States {Petsonk, 2002}. Occupational exposures can trigger

asthma exacerbations in asthmatic workers or induce asthma in a previously healthy

worker. Approximately 7.5% of all US adults have a diagnosis of asthma {CDC,

2002}. In the US, there is an estimated 14.6 million work absence days due to asthma

annually {Mannino et. al., 2002}. Of adults with incident asthma, an estimated 15%

is attributable to workplace exposures {Blanc, 1999}. 14

6.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE“A man too busy to take care of his health is like a mechanic too busy to

take care of his tool”.

Review of literature is an important step in developing of research project. It

is the systematical and critical review of the most important published scholarly

literature on a particular topic.

9

Reviews of literature related to causes regarding allergic asthma among sawmill

workers.

Reviews of literature related to Prevention of allergic asthma among sawmill

workers.

Reviews of literature related to Health hazards of allergic asthma among sawmill

workers.

Kespohl S (2010) conducted the study on allergy and may be one cause of

respiratory health problems among woodworkers. To determine the prevalence and

quantitative level of specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) to beech and pine wood in

exposed workers. Workers (n=701) were investigated for sIgE to beech and pine.

Workers sensitized to wood were tested for cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants

(CCDs) and environmental allergens. Results show that the prevalence of wood

sensitization among all workers was 3.7%. Beech- and pine-sensitized workers

showed a high Prevalence of CCD sensitization (73%). Although 96% of the wood-

sensitized workers were atopic, no significant correlation was found between wood

sensitization and sIgE to beech and birch pollen, but an association was found

between sIgE against CCDs and pine pollen. The result concludes that Sensitization

prevalence to beech and pine wood measured by tailored ImmunoCAPs was not

correlated to allergic symptoms.8

Campo P, (2010) conducted the study Work-related sensitization and

respiratory symptoms in carpentry apprentices exposed to wood dust and

diisocyanates. The frequency of work-related specific sensitization and Respiratory

symptoms in carpentry apprentices with occupational exposure to wood dust and

10

diisocyanates. Spirometry and skin prick tests to aeroallergens and to a battery of 14

different woods were performed in all the participants. Blood samples were collected

for total IgE measurement and detection of specific IgE to diisocyanates. This study

results Half the participants (56%) had work-related respiratory symptoms: 54% due

to wood dust, 15% due diisocyanates, and 9% to both. A history of rhinitis or asthma

was associated with a 2.1- or 2.8-fold increase, respectively, in the likelihood of

having respiratory symptoms due to wood dust exposure. The researcher concludes

Individuals with a history of rhinitis or asthma had an increased risk of respiratory

symptoms. Sensitization to wood was more common in atopic apprentices with a

history of rhinitis and a high total IgE level.1

Osman E, Pala K, (2009) conducted the study Occupational exposure to wood

dust and health effects on the respiratory system in a minor industrial estate in Bursa,

Turkey. The study was conducted between October 2006 and May 2007. In this

study, a total of 656 persons, 328 woodworkers and 328 controls were included. A

questionnaire was used in the study. Physical examination and the pulmonary

function tests (MIR-Spiro bank G) of the workers were performed. The study

concludes It was reported that 176 of workers (53.7%) had blocked nose while

working, 141(43.0%) had redness of the eyes, 135 (41.2%) had itching eyes and 78

(23.8%) had runny nose. No symptoms were observed in the control group while they

were working at the workplace. The mean FEV1 and FVC values of woodworkers,

among both smokers and non smokers, were significantly low, although the

FEV1/FVC value was high (p < 0.05).the study concludes the exposure to wood dust

adversely influenced the workers respiratory functions. an associated with the healthy

11

worker effect that can adversely influence health of workers exposed to wood dust at

less than (4mg/m3) is revealed.24

Aguwa EN, (2007) conducted the study the prevalence of occupational asthma

and rhinitis among woodworkers in south-eastern Nigeria. Wood dusts are known to

cause respiratory disorders like rhinitis and asthma. This study was therefore done to

determine the magnitude of the problem among woodworkers in south-eastern

Nigeria exposed to high level of wood dust. Five hundred and ninety one

woodworkers were selected using a stratified random sampling. The prevalence of

woodwork-related rhinitis and asthma were then observed in the study population.

Also the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of each woodworker was obtained. The

prevalence of occupational rhinitis was 78%, while that of asthma was 6.5%.resercher

concludes the prevalence of rhinitis and asthma in woodworkers was high and

significantly increased with years of working as a woodworker.6

Zakrzewska M, (2007) conducted the study of wood dust as carcinogenic to

humans based on demiological and experimental evidence. The exposure of 23

workers in three different working days was measured. In total, 69 personal airs were

carried out at five wood working factories. The results show that about 13% of the

exposure values exceed the limit Of 5 mg/m3 and about 48% of personal exposures

are lower then the limit value. The result concludes Prevention measures,

technological solutions and personal protection equipment should be adopted in order

to reduce worker's exposure.12

12

Innocenti A, (2006) conducted the study of wood dust exposure can induce Sino-

nasal cancers, rhinitis and asthma; induction of chronic bronchial obstruction,

pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer. The study evaluated the decrease in lung

function in a group of 31 non-smokers exposed to high levels of wood dust (> 5

mg/m3 also) and in 2 non-snookering control groups with comparable lung function

tests at first examination: 39 mechanical workers without respiratory hazards (group

1) and 30 forestry workers (group 2). In conclusion, the study did not show any

alterations in the longitudinal decrease in pulmonary function due to high wood dust

exposure levels, perhaps due to the poor inhalability of wood particles that are mostly

trapped in the nose; further studies are needed to investigate chronic effects of wood

dust exposure on development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease,

pulmonary fibrosis and also lung cancer.10

MeoSA. (2004) conducted the study the Effects of duration of exposure to wood

dust on peak expiratory flow rate among workers in small scale wood industries.

Study was conducted under the supervision of the Department of Physiology, College

of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the

year 2002. It was designed as a matched case control cross-sectional study of

spirometry in forty six non-smoking wood workers, aged 20-60 years, who worked

without the benefit of wood dust control ventilation or respiratory protective devices.

PEFR measurements were performed using an electronic spirometer. The study

results demonstrated that in wood workers exposed for longer periods than 8 years,

PEFR was significantly reduced as compared with their matched controls. The results

conclude that PEFR in wood workers is impaired and the stratification of results

shows a dose-response effect of years of wood dust exposure on its value.16

13

Laraqui Hossini CH, (2001) conducted the study of many risks relating to the

wood they are caused by natural components of wood, products of conservation,

chemical agents and parasites of wood. Carried out a retrospective survey which

concerned exposed workers and controls in twenty small handicraft workshops in 242

exposed subjects to the wood dust and 121 controls. Sixty-one point nine % of those

exposed had clinical respiratory symptoms versus only 21.5% of controls. Rhinitis,

asthma, conjunctivitis, chronic bronchitis and dermatitis were significantly more

frequent in those exposed than among the non-exposed, with respectively 55.8%,

14.5%, 24.8%, 21.1% and 12.8% versus 16.5%, 6.6%, 8.3%, 5.8% and 4.9%.

Exposure was the cause of respiratory symptoms because among non-smokers,

exposed workers were more symptomatic than controls. Smoking exhibited a

potential zing effect on airborne occupational Contaminants because among exposed

workers disorders were 1.8 times more frequent in smokers than non-smokers. A

variable degree of respiratory obstruction was found among 30.1% of the exposed

individuals versus 12.4% of the unexposed subjects. The effect of exposure was

certain because among the non-smokers, 15% of exposed subjects had altered

respiratory function versus 4% of unexposed persons. This result concludes that it is

imperative to implement an occupational health service and to develop means for

collective and individual prevention to maximally reduce the risk.20

Mandryk J, (2000) conducted the study the effects of personal exposures on

pulmonary function and work-related symptoms among sawmill workers. Three

green mills and two dry mills were studied for personal exposure to wood dust and

biohazards associated with wood dust and their correlation to lung function and work-

14

related symptoms among sawmill workers. Compared with dry mill workers, green

mill workers had significantly high prevalence of regular cough, chronic bronchitis,

regular blocked nose, regular sneezing, sinus problems, flu-like symptoms, and eye

and throat irritation. The study concludes that the significant correlations found for

respirable fractions show that not only inhalable but also respirable fractions are

important in determining potential health effects of exposure to wood dust. The

management and employees of the sawmilling industry should be educated on the

potential health effects of wood dust.18

Demers PA, (1998) conducted the study on Nonmalignant respiratory disease

(NMRD) mortality was examined among woodworkers participating in the American

Cancer Society's CPS-II cohort study. During the 6-year prospective follow-up there

were 97 NMRD death's among 11,541 men reporting employment in wood-related

occupations and 1,338 NMRD deaths among 317,424 men reporting no exposure to

wood dust or wood-related jobs. Relative risks, adjusted for age and smoking, were

calculated using Poisson regression. A small excess of NMRD was observed among

woodworkers. Duration of exposure was observed. Among woodworkers reporting

exposure to asbestos (RR 1.59, 95% CI = 0.85-2.96), as well as the small number of

woodworkers reporting exposure to formaldehyde (RR = 1.95, 95% CI = 0.63-6.06),

but men not reporting exposure to these substances also had an excess risk. Although

limited by a short follow-up period and crude indicators of exposure, this result

concludes that ability to compare woodworkers to a similar, healthy population and to

adjust for the effects of smoking. Cohort studies with better exposure information are

needed to examine the role of occupational exposures among woodworkers in the

etiology of respiratory disease.7

15

6.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

“A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANNED

TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING

ALLERGIC ASTHMA AND ITS PREVENTION AMONG SAWMILL

WORKERS IN SELECTED SAWMILL CENTERS IN TUMKUR.”

6.4OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

To assess the pretest level of knowledge regarding Sawmill workers among

allergic asthma and it’s Prevention.

To develop and administer a planned teaching programme on allergic asthma and

its prevention to the sawmill workers at selected areas, Tumkur.

16

To assess the post test knowledge of sawmill workers regarding allergic asthma

and its prevention after planned teaching programme.

To compare pretest and post test the knowledge of sawmill workers regarding

allergic asthma and its prevention.

To find out the association between pretest knowledge score with selected

demographic variables.

6.5 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

Evaluate: In this study Evaluate refers to determine the knowledge gained by the

sawmill workers regarding allergic asthma and its prevention after planned

teaching programme.

Planned Teaching Programme (PTP): In this study planned teaching

programme means a well prepared teaching programme designed to provide

information regarding asthma, causes, its effects on health, and prevention of

allergic asthma among sawmill workers.

Knowledge: is defined as the correct responses of sawmill workers to the items in

the self-structured interview regarding allergic asthma and its prevention.

Sawmill workers: refers to those individual who are skilled in wood art and

working in sawmill and exposing much time in sawmills centers Tumkur.

Allergic Asthma: It is a disease characterized by hypersensitivity and hyper

responsiveness of airway leads to cough, chest tightness, wheezing, and dyspnea.

17

Prevention: It refers to the measures to be taken at primary, secondary, and

tertiary levels of allergic asthma.

6.6 HYPOTHESIS

H1: There is significant difference between the pre and post test knowledge

score of the sawmill workers regarding allergic asthma and its prevention.

H2: There is a significant association between the pretest knowledge scores of

the sawmill workers and the selected demographic variables as age, religion,

education, income, year of experience, number of working hours, and history of

respiratory disease.

6.7 ASSUMPTIONS

The sawmill workers may have minimal knowledge regarding allergic asthma and its

prevention.

Planned teaching programme provides an opportunity for learning and better

understanding of allergic asthma and its prevention.

6.8 VARIABLESResearch variables are the concepts of various levels of abstractions that are entered

manipulated and collected in a study.

Dependent variable: Knowledge regarding allergic asthma and its prevention

among sawmill workers.

18

Independent variables: planned Teaching Programme on knowledge regarding

allergic asthma and its prevention among sawmill workers.

Demographic Variables: age, religion, education, income, years of working,

number of working hours, and history of respiratory disease.

6. 9 DELIMITATIONS

The study is limited to the sawmill workers who

Are working in selected sawmill centers at Tumkur.

Will be present during the period of data collection.

Are willing to participate in the study.

6.10 PILOT STUDY

The pilot study will be conducted with 6 sawmill workers and who will be

excluded in the main study. The purpose of pilot study is to find out the feasibility

of conducting study and design on plan of statistical analysis. The finding s of the

pilot study samples will not be included in main study.

7.0 MATERIALS AND METHOD

This study is designed to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching

programme on knowledge regarding allergic asthma and its prevention among

sawmill workers in selected areas.

19

7.1 SOURCES OF DATA

The data will be collected from sawmill workers who are working in selected sawmill

centers at Tumkur.

RESEARCH DESIGN

The design is selected for the present study is quasi-experimental design in which one

group pre and post test design without control group.

RESEARCH APPROACH

An evaluative research approach will be used in this study.

RESEARCH SETTINGS

The study will be conducted in selected sawmill centers at Tumkur.

POPULATION

The populations for the study are the sawmill workers who are working in sawmill

centers at Tumkur.

SAMPLING PROCEDURE

A Non probable convenient sampling technique will be selected for the present study.

SAMPLE SIZE

20

The sample comprised of 60 sawmill workers at sawmill centers and who will be

available during the data collection.

CRITERIA FOR SAMPLE COLLECTION

INCLUSION CRITERIA The Sawmill workers,

Who are working in selected sawmill centers.

Who are willing to participate in the study.

Who are present during the time of data collection.

Sawmill workers who are able to understand Kannada.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA . Sawmill workers who are working at houses.

7.2 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTIONThe data collection procedure will be carried for a period of 3 weeks. The

study will be conducted after obtaining permission from the concerned authorities and

informed consent from the samples. The data will be collected in three phases.

PHASE I: - A pre test will be administered to sawmill workers using a structured

questionnaire to assess their knowledge regarding allergic asthma and its prevention.

PHASE II: - A planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding allergic asthma

and its prevention will be conducted for about 45 minutes on the same day

immediately after pretest.

21

PHASE III: - After an interval of 7 days a post - test will be conducted for the

sample using structured questionnaire for evaluating the effectiveness .planned

teaching programme.

TOOLS FOR DATA COLLECTION The tools for data collection includes following section.

SECTION A: - A schedule to assess the demographic data of sawmill workers such as age,

religion, education, income, years of working, number of working hours, and history of

respiratory disease.

SECTION B: -The investigator will develop structured Questionnaire to assess the

knowledge level of allergic asthma and its prevention among sawmill workers.

SECTION C: - Planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding allergic asthma and its

prevention of among sawmill workers and content validity will be established by requesting

the experts to go through the developed tool and give their valuable suggestions.

PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSISThe data collected will be analyzed by a means of Descriptive and inferential

statistics.

IN DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS: - Mean standard deviations, range, and mean scores percentage of subject will

be used to quantifying the level of knowledge regarding allergic asthma and its

prevention among sawmill workers.

22

IN INFERENTIAL STATISTICS; -Paired t - Test will be used to examine the effectiveness of planned teaching

programme by comparing pre and post test scores. And to find out the differences in

knowledge between pre and post tests.

The Chi-Square will be used to find out the association between socio

demographical variables of sawmill workers with pretest knowledge scores. The data

will be planned to present in the form of tables and figures.

.

TIME AND DURATION OF THE STUDYThe time and duration of the study will be limited to 6 weeks or as per guidelines of

university.

7.3 DOES THE STUDY REQUIRE ANY INVESTIGATION OR

INTERVENTION TO BE CONDUCTED ON PATIENT OR

OTHER HUMAN OR ANIMAL? IF SO, PLEASE DESCRIBE

BRIEFLY.Yes, planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding allergic asthma

and its prevention in selected sawmill centers. Will be administered as an intervention

to the sawmill workers.

7.4 HAS ETHICAL CLEARANCE BEEN OBTAINED FROM

YOUR INSTITITION?Yes, the pilot study and the main study will be conducted after the approval

from the research committee of Shridevi College of nursing. Permission will be

23

obtained from the concerned head of the sawmill centers. The purpose and details of

the study will be explained to the study subjects and an informed consent will be

obtained from them. Assurance will be given to the study subjects on the

confidentiality and anonymity of the data collected from them.

8.0 LIST OF REFERENCES

1. Campo P, Aranda A, Rondon C, e t l e. Work-related sensitization and

respiratory symptoms in carpentry apprentices exposed to wood dust and

diisocyanates. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2010 Jul; 105(1):24-30.

2. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Asthma management and

prevention: SA practical guide for public officials and Health care

Professionals, National Institute of Health publication 1997; 97-4051.

24

3. Jacobsen G, Schaumburg I, Sigsgaard T, et le. Non-malignant respiratory

diseases and occupational exposure to wood dust. Ann Agric Environ Med.

2010 Jun; 17(1):29-44. PMID: 20684478.

4. You can control your Asthma: Global Institute for Asthma. Available from

URL:http://www.ginasthma.org.

5. American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. All Rights Reserved.

Centers For Disease Control and Prevention, Vital Signs, May 2011.

6. Aguwa EN, Okeke TA, Asuzu MC. The prevalence of occupational asthma

and rhinitis among woodworkers in south-eastern Nigeria.Tanzan Health Res

Bull. 2007 Jan; 9(1):52-5. PMID: 17547102.

7. Demers PA, Stellman SD, Colin D, Boffetta P. Nonmalignant respiratory

disease mortality among woodworkers participating in the American Cancer

Society Cancer Prevention Study-II (CPS-II). Am J Ind Med. 1998 Sep;

34(3):238-43. PMID: 9698992.

8. Kespohl S, Schlünssen V, Jacobsen G, e t l e. Impact of cross-reactive

carbohydrate determinants on wood dust sensitization. 2010 Jul; 40(7):1099-

106.

25

9. Kurt E, Demir AU, Cadirci O, e t l e. Occupational exposures as risk factors

for asthma and allergic diseases in a Turkish population. . Int Arch Occup

Environ Health. 2011 Jan; 84(1):45-52. Epub 2010 Jul 9.

10. Innocenti A, Ciapini C, Natale D, e t l e. Longitudinal changes of pulmonary

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213.

9 SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATE

10 REMARKS OF THE GUIDE

11 11.1 NAME AND DESIGNATION

OF GUIDE

11.2 SIGNATURE

28

11.3 CO-GUIDE

11.4 SIGNATURE

11.5 HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

11.6 SIGNATURE

12 12.1 REMARKS OF THE

CHAIRMAN AND PRINCIPAL.

12.2 SIGNATURE

29