program : b. sc. in general (bzc) - three years course...

PROGRAM : B. Sc. IN GENERAL (BZC) - THREE YEARS COURSE : ALGAE, FUNGI, BYROPHYTES AND PTERIDOPHYTES - B. Sc. BOTANY / ZOOLOGY COURSE CODE : 1030301 Chapter – 01 Comparative survey of important systems of classification of algae and modern trends – Comparative account of algae with special references to algae pigments – Flagellae – Chloroplasts – Pyrenoids - Eye spots - Range of thallus - Food reserves and life cycle patterns – A brief study of form, Morphology - Cellular organization - Reproduction and life cycle of the following genera – Anabaena – Nostac – Chlorella – Valvox. Chapter – 02 Type study of Oedogonium – Clostridium – Chara – Ulothrix – Ulva. Chapter – 03 Type study of Coleocheate – Sargassum – Batrachosperumum. Chapter – 04 Distribution and role of algae in soil - Fresh water - Marine environment and in polluted habitats. Chapter – 05 Economic importance of algae with special reference to Agar - Diatomaceous earth – Bio- Fertilizers and role of algae in biotechnology. Chapter – 06 Recent trends in the classification of fungi with reference to morphology criteria and mode of life of the main classes of fungi. Chapter – 07 Study of the Following Genera – Plasmodiophora – Mucor – Rhizopus – Taphrina – Albugo – Eurotium – Puccinia – Ustilago – Polyporus – Peziza – Fusarium – Cercospora. Chapter – 08 Economic Importance – A general study of the following with special reference to the examples given - Antibiotics (Penicillin) - Fungicides (Bordeaux mixture, Hinosan) - Edible fungi (Morchella). Chapter – 09 General characters and types of the following associations and their importance – Mycorrhiza – Lichens. Chapter – 10 Transmission and Control of Plant Viruses with special reference to insect vectors – Viroides – Virians and modern concepts of oncogenic viruses – Phages – Mycophages – Phycophages - Bacteriophages and replication. Chapter - 11 Etiology and Control of Following Plant Diseases - Bacteria – Citrus cancker - Blight of castor - Blight of paddy – Fungi – Tikka disease of ground nut. Chapter – 12 Black Rust of Wheat - Red rot of sugar cane – Virus – TMV – TYMV - Bunchy top of Banana.

PROGRAM : B. Sc. IN GENERAL (BZC) COURSE : CHEMISTRY - I YEAR - I YEAR / B. Sc. BOTANY COURSE CODE : 1030201 Chapter – 01 Molecular Orbital Theory – Bonding – Anti-Bonding and Non-Bonding – Orbitals– Molecular Orbitals – MO Configuration of Nitrogen – Oxygen – Flourine – Hydrogen – Vesper theory – Shapes of BeCl2, Water, NH3, SF6, PCl5 and XEF6. Chapter – 02 Covalent Bonding – Orbital Overlap – Hybridization – Geometry of Organic molecules – Methane – Ethane – Acetylene. Chapter – 03 Synthesis – Properties and uses of silicones – Fertilizers – Urea – Ammonium Sulphate – Ammonium Nitrate. Chapter – 04 NPK Fertilizer – Triple Super phosphate – Pollution – Sources of Pollutants – Pollution of Air, Water and Soil. Chapter – 05 Benzene – Aromaticity – Electrophilic Substitution in Benzene – Mechanism of Nitration – Halogenations – Alkylation – Acylation – Sulphonation. Chapter – 06 Naphthalene – Structure – Preparation – Properties – Dyes – Classification – Azo dyes – Methyl Orange – Triphenyl methane dyes – Malachite green – Halo hydrocarbons – Preparation and uses of CH2Cl2 – CHCl3 – CCl4. Chapter – 07 Thermodynamics – Definition – First law of thermodynamics – Types of System – Reversible – Irreversible – Isothermal – Adiabatic process – Spontaneous process – Joule – Thomson effect – Enthalpy. Chapter – 08 Bond Energy – Second law of thermodynamics – Carnot cycle and carnot cycle theorem – Thermodynamic scale of temperature. Chapter – 09 Order and Molecularity of a Chemical reaction – Rates of reactions – Order of a reaction – Measurement of order and molecularity of a reaction – Effect of temperature on reaction rage – Concept of activation energy. Chapter – 10 Metals – General methods of extraction of metals – Types of Ores – Methods of Ore Dressing – Reduction methods – Electric methods – Refining – Types of Refining – Van Arkel – Zone refining – Extraction of Copper and Uranium – Interchange compounds – Preparation – Properties and uses of ICL – IF5 – BRF3 – Basic properties of iodine. Chapter - 11 Sterio isomerism – Symmetry – Elements of Symmetry – Cause of Optical Activity – Tartaric Acid – Racemisation – Resolution – R.S Configuration – Geometric Isomerism of Maleic and Fumaric acids – Keto-Enol Tautomerism of Aceto acetic ester. Chapter – 12 Heterocyles – Definition – Nomenclature – Classification – Five member ring – Preparation, Properties of Furan – Thiophen – Pyrrole – Six member ring – Pyridine.

PROGRAMME : B. Sc. IN GENERAL (BZC) COURSE : INVEREBRATES - I YEAR / ZOOLOGY COURSE CODE : 1030401 Chapter 01 Protozoa – Salamander – Amoeba. Chapter 02 Platyhelminthes – Tenia solium – Classification – Structure – Function. Chapter 03 Round worms – Study of Ascaris/ Megascolex – Maruthi – Mouthparts – Structure and – Affinities with other orders Chapter 04 Economics – Importance of Invertebrates in Current biological trends. Chapter 05 Arthropoda – Penaeus and cockroach – Nomenclature – Classification – Structure – Functions etc. Chapter 06 Peripatus and Limulus – Structure and affinities. Chapter 07 Larval forms in crustacean and parasitic crustacean – Prawn culture Chapter 08 Insect Mouth Parts and their Modifications – Social life and economics importance of insects - Arthropod vectors of human welfare. Chapter 09 Pila – Freshwater mussel and sepia. Chapter 10 Food Modification and Respiratory Organs in Mollusca – Torsion in gastropoda. Chapter 11 Economic Importance of Mollusca. Chapter 12 Echinodermata – Starfish – Sea cucumber – Sea urchin and sea lilly – Water vascular system – Echinoderm larvae and their significance. PROGRAMM : B. Sc. IN GENERAL (BZC) COURSE : PRACTICAL I - BOTANY AND ZOOLOGY - I YEAR COURSE CODE :

A. ALGAE 1. Study of algae mentioned in the theory – identification up to generic level.

2. Preparation of synthetic medium and cultivation of algae.

3. Separation of algal pigments.

4. Study of electron micrograph in some algae in standard publications.

FUNGI

1. Study of the morphological characters and reproductive structures of the genera mentioned

in the theory.

2. Staining procedure for fungi.

3. Isolation of fungi from soil, water, litter and dung.

4. Culture of fungi – slide culture.

5. Study of disease caused by fungi in plants and human beings mentioned in the syllabus.

BRYOPHYTES

1. Morphological and structural study of representative Bryophytes mentioned in the theory.

B. ZOOLOGY

1. Earth Warm – Setae – Clitellum.

2. Mouth parts in insects: Cockroach – Mosquitoes – Butterfly – etc.

3. Slide preparation – Plasmodium stage – Tape warm – Ascars, Liver Fluke, Prawn, Penques,

Larvel forms of Crustacea, Appendages in cephalic, thorgic, Maxilli pess, Walking legs –

Cocoon, Hosfly, Headlouse – Ticks, Bud bug.

4. Anopheles – Culex – Honos bee – wastes.

5. Coconut pest in oryctes rhino ceros.

6. Rynochophorus.

7. Amoeba 8 protozoa 9 parameceum type astudy ofthese Organism. PROGRAMM : B. Sc. IN GENERAL (BZC) - THREE YEARS COURSE : PRACTICAL II - CHEMISTRY - I YEAR COURSE CODE :

CHEMISTRY:

1. Analysis of a Mixture Containing two Containing and two Anions, One of which will be an

interfering ion - Semimicro methods using the conventional scheme may be adopted.

a. Reactions of the Following Anions to be Studied - Carbonate, Suiphide, Sulphate, Fluoride,

Chloride, Bromide, Nitrate, Oxalate, Phosphate, Borate, *Iodide, * Arsemte, *Clomate, *Suphite,

Thiosulphate Nitrite, Acetate*, Arsenate* and Tartrate*

b. Reactions of the Following Cations to be Studied - Lead - Silver* - Mercury* - Copper* - Tin -

Antimony - Cadmium - Bismuth - Aluminium - Iron - Manganese - Zinc - Cobalt - Nickel -

Calcium - Strontium - Barium - Magnesium and ammonium.

2. Preparation of the Following Inorganic Compounds:

1. Ferrous ammonium sulphate

2. Manganous sulphate

3. Microcosmic salt

4. Tetrammine copper (II) sulphate.

5. * Sodium thiosulphate and

6. * Potassium trioxalatochromate (III)

PROGRAM : B. Sc. IN GENERAL (BZC) - THREE YEARS COURSE : ANGIOSPERM ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY - II YEAR /B. Sc. BOTANY COURSE CODE : 1030307 Chapter – 01 Study of Meristematic Tissues – Apical - Lateral and intercalary meristems – Ultra structure and histochemistry. Chapter – 02 Study of Theories of apical organization – Shoot apex – Root apex. Chapter – 03 Study of Ultra structure of plant cell and cell organelles – Their functions – Cell wall -Cytaplasm. Chapter – 04 Study of Endoplasmic reticulam - Golgi complex - Lysosomes – Mitochondria. Chapter – 05 Study of Plastids – Ribosomes - Nucleus the chemical-ultra structure and functions. Chapter – 06 Study of Chromosomes – Structure and function – Euchromatiion – Heterochromation - Giant chromosomes – Polytene and lampbrush. Chapter – 07 Study of Genetic material – Cell division - Types and cell division – Mechanism. Chapter – 08 Tissue systems – Epidermal tissues – Trichomes, Stomata – Structure and function – Glandular tissues – Primary tissues – Parenchyma – Collenchyma – Sclrenchyma - Vascular tissues – Xylem – Phloem. Chapter – 09 Primary Structure of Root and Stem Dicot and Monocot – Nodal anatomy – Unilacunar – Trilacunar and multilacunar – Vascular cambium – Cark cambium – Periderm – Lenticels – Abscission – Wound – Healing – Tyloses - Annual ring, Heart wood. Chapter – 10 Secondary Growth in Monocot Stem – Anomalous secondary thickening in dicot stems (Bougainvillaea, Bignonia, Boerhaevia, etc). Chapter - 11 Microsporangium – Structure and development of anther – Male gametophyte – Megaspore – Structure and development of ovule – Female gametophyte – Fertilization and post fertilization changes.

Chapter – 12 Endosperm – Types – Nuclear endosperm - Cellular endosperm - Helobial endosperm - Ruminant endosperm - Endosperm haustoria – Functions of endosperm – Embryo development – Monocot and dicot embryo – Polyembryony – Parthenogenesis – Apomixis - Role of embryology in plant breading - Embryology of hybrids. PROGRAM : B. Sc. IN GENERAL (BZC) - THREE YEARS COURSE NAME : PARASITOLOGY AND ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY - II YEAR COURSE CODE : Chapter - 01 Parasitism - Definition - Types of Parasite - Adaptation of Parasite - Inter Specific Relationship - Neutralism - Symbiosis - Mutualism - Continuous Contact -Commensalisms - Types - Antagonism Antibiotics - Parasitism - Temporary - Permanent - Pathology of Parasite. Chapter - 02 Parasitic Protozoa - Salient Features - Classification - Human Diseases - Entamoeba Gingibalis - Histolytica - Coli - B.coli - Giardia Lamblia - Intestinalis - Trichomona Vaginalis - Moebiases - Malaria - Trichonooniasis - Leishmaniasis - Types - Dierrohea - Trypanosoma Types - Trichomonas - Try Panosoma Parasite - Human - Cattle as Domestic Animal - Sporozoa - Plasmodium - Types - Monocystis - Habit and Habitat - Life Cycle in Man and Mosquitoes - Fever of Malaria - Types of Fever - Plasmodium Vivax. Chapter - 03 Parasite in Platyheeminthes - General Character - Classification - Life History Turbellaria - Trematoda - Cestoda - Fasciola - Schitosoma - Gestrodiscus - Planaria - Taenia Types - Echinocous - Nematonaenia - Moniezia - Proteo Cephalus etc. - Parasite Adaptation of Flatworns - Exo – Endo - Adaptation. Chapter - 04 Parasite in Aschelminthes - General Character - Classification - Endo Parasite - Exo Parasite - Nematode Parasite in Man - Ascaris - Wuchereia – Trichuris - Trichinella – Dracunculus - An Chylostoma Duodende - Trichocephalus – Guineaworms - Florialbancrafti – Microfilaria - Loa etc. Chapter - 05 Parasitison of Plant and Animal – General Character in Protozoa Algae - Bacteria - Virus in Micro Organism - Exploitation - Ant - Brood Parasitism Some Different Types of Insects of Parasities - Inter Relationship Plant as Animal Parasite - Plant to Plant - Animal to Animal Parasite - Arthopad Vectors - Housefly - Head Louse - Bedding - Mosquitoes - Fleas - Ticks and Mites. Chapter - 06 Economic Zoology – Introduction - Definition - Economical Importance of Protozoa - Nematodes and Helminths - Annelids Role in House Hold Insects - Effecting Human Health - Damaging Food Products - Goods. Chapter - 07 Insect Pests of Sugarcane - Paddy - Pulsecrops - Vegetables - Fruits - Cotton - Oil Seedcrops - Coconut Plam - Tea and Coffee. Chapter - 08 Insect Pest Management (IPM): Natural Control - Applied Control - Integrated Pest Management. Chapter - 09 Agriculture - Lac Culture - Sericulture - Prawns - Lobsters - Crabs - Fishery - By Products of Fishing Industry - Snaue sans - Snaue Venom. Chapter - 10

Economic Importance of Mammals - Piggery - Dairy Industry - Leather Industry - Wool Industry - Medical Lab Techniques: Stethoscope - Sphygmomanometer - Haemo Cytometer - RBC - WBC - Count. Chapter - 11 URINE Sugar Analysis - E.C.G. - CT - CAT - Ends copy Techniques - Types - Artificial Pacemaker - Bio-Technology: INA - Microbiology - Hormone - Enzymes - Acids - Vitmamin. Chapter - 12 Interferones - Alga Cell - Biochips - Super Pages - Insulin - Vaccination - Antizen - Antibody - NIF Genes - Insecticides - Sewage Treatment Pharmaceuticals from Animals - Wild Life in India and Its Conservation - Significance of Aids - Modern Genetics - Karyotyphing - DNA - Recombinant - Technology Plasmids - Molecular Cloning - Human Genome Project (HGP) - Transgenic Organisms - Gene Therapy - Bioinformatics - Application - Scope. Reference:

1. Shukla. Upadhyay – Rastogi – Publications.

2. A. Arumugam – Saras Publication.

3. Dr. Bernice Anantharaj – Chrisolite Publications.

4. P.D. Sharma – Environmental Biology & Toxicology – RakeshKumar, Rastogi –

Publications.

5. Genetics – P.S. Verma, V.K. Agarwal – S.Chand Company Ltd.

6. Invertebrate Zoology – E.L. Jordan & P.S. Varma.

7. Invertebrate Zoology – V.K. Agarwal.

8. Ekkambaranath Iyer Book

9. Animal Physiology – P.S. Varma, B.S. Tyagi, V.K. Agarwal.

Reference:

1. K.D. Chatterjee – Parasitism in Biology.

2. Shukla-Upadhyay – Rastogi Publications.

3. Verma Agarwal – Inverbrate and vertebrate. (Hordate Zoology)

4. E.L. Jordan, P.S. Verma - Inverbrate Zoology.

5. N.Arumugam – Saras Publication.

6. Ekkamberanath Iyer Book – Inverbrate in Zoolody.

PROGRAM : B. Sc. IN GENERAL (BZC) - THREE YEARS COURSE NAME : PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY - II YEAR COURSE CODE : Chapter - 01 Plants and Cells - Properties of Water - Diffusion - Water Potential - Plant Cells Energy and Enzymes - Water and Plants - Water Balance in Plants. Chapter - 02

Mineral Nutrition and Solute Transport - Cell Walls – Structure – Biogenesis - And Expansion - Water Uptake and Movement – Thermodynamics – Diffusion – Osmosis - Measurement of Water Potential. Chapter - 03 Enzymes – Exergonic and Endergonic Reactions - Properties of Enzymic Reactions - Distribution of Enzymes in Cells - Activation Energy - Structure of Enzymes - Mechanism of Enzyme Action – Denaturation – Cofactors - Factors Affecting Rates of Enzymic Reactions, Inhibition of Enzyme Activity – Enzymes & Regulation of Metabolism - Industrial uses of Enzymes. Chapter - 04 Energy Production in Plants - Chloroplast - The importance of Photosynthesis and Photorespiration – Photosystem - ATP Synthesis - Genes Controlling the Photosynthesis in Arabidopsis - Photosyntesis and Electron Transport. Chapter - 05 Glycolysis and Oxidative Pentose Phospahate Pathway - Mitochondrial Transporters - Oxidation of Carbon Compounds – Electron Transport and Terminal Oxidases - Non- Phosphorylating Electron Transport. Chapter - 06 Crassulacean Acid Metabolism - Formation of Sucrose & Starch - Environment and Agricultural Aspects. Chapter - 07 Plant Metabolism – Carbohydrates – Proteins – Sugars - Transport in plant –Transpiration – Stomata - Stomata; Mineral Nutrition - Nutrient Absorption and Translocation – Nutrient Functions in Growth and Development - Nutrient Deficiency Symptoms. Chapter - 08 Toxicity Problems - Phloem Transport - Respiration and Lipid Metabolism - Rhizosphere Chemistry - Nutritional Physiology - Ion Uptake and Translocation - Functions of Elements - Nutrient Interactions - And Genetics of Plant Nutrition. Chapter - 09 Plant Hormones - Auxins - Cytokinins - Gibberellins - Ethylene - Plant Movement - Apical Dominance - Phytohormone and Light Control of Plant Development. Chapter - 10 Blue-light responses - Stomatal Movements and Morphogenesis - Photoperiodism and Vernalization – Flower Induction - Initiation and Development - Action of Phytohormones and Florigen. Chapter - 11 Biological Rhythm in Plants - Aging - Senescence - Behavioural Photoperiodism - Hormonal Influence on Biological Rhythems - Seed Development and Maturation -Molecular Mechanism of Stress Tolerance. Chapter - 12 Nitrogen metabolism; Plant defenses, ABA, Brassinosteroids – Dormancy and Regeneration - Seed Dormancy and Germination - Bud Dormancy - Environmental and Genetic Control. References 1.Plant Physiolog by Lincoln Taiz, Eduardo Zeiger Publisher: Sinauer Associates, Incorporated,

1998.

2. Plant Physiology by Dewlin and Withem.

3. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry by Lyod and Lyod.

PROGRAM : B. Sc. IN GENERAL (BZC) - THREE YEARS COURSE NAME : PRACTICAL III - BOTANY AND ZOOLOGY- II YEAR COURSE CODE :

A. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY:

1. Determination of Chl a, Chl b and total Chl.

2. Determination of OP by plasmolytic method.

3. Effect of temperature and chemical on membrane permeability.

4. Rate of transpiration in different plants.

5. Separation of plant pigments by thin layer / pager chromatography.

6. Photosynthesis under different light intensities.

7. Rate of respiration in germinating seeds or flower buds in respiroscope.

8. Preparing and recording of microcscopic preparations – Temporary, semi permanent and

permanent slids.

9. Smear, squash, maceration, technique studies.

10. Handling of spectrophotometer, pH meter, microtome, colorimeter, centrifuge,

electrophoresis unit.

11. Staining procedures – Simple, Differential, Capsule, Flagella staining for Bacteria.

12. Study of sterilization methods.

13. Isolation of bacteria and fungi.

B. BIOCHEMISTRY PRACTICAL

1. Extraction and estimation of starch, lipids and reducing sugars.

2. Estimation of amino acids by ninhydrin.

3. Separation and identification of sugars by paper chromatography.

4. Determination of chlorophyell a, chl b, and total chlophyll.

C. LAB ZOOLOGY

7. Earth Warm – Setae – Clitellum.

8. Mouth parts in insects: Cockroach – Mosquitoes – Butterfly – etc.

9. Slide preparation – Plasmodium stage – Tape warm – Ascars, Liver Fluke, Prawn, Penques,

Larvel forms of Crustacea, Appendages in cephalic, thorgic, Maxilli pess, Walking legs –

Cocoon, Hosfly, Headlouse – Ticks, Bud bug.

10. Anopheles – Culex – Honos bee – wastes.

11. Coconut pest in oryctes rhino ceros.

12. Rynochophorus.

PROGRAM : B. Sc. IN GENERAL (BZC) - THREE YEARS COURSE NAME : PRACTICAL IV - PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY - II YEAR COURSE CODE :

I. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY








8. Preparing and recording of microcscopic preparations – Temporary, semi

permanent and permanent slids.


10. Handling of, spectrophotometer, pH meter, microtome, colorimeter,

centrifuge, electrophoresis unit.

11. Staining procedures – simple, differential, capsule, flagellar staining for

bacteria.



II. BIOCHEMISTRY

1. Extraction and estimation of starch, lipids and reducing sugars.

2. Estimation of amino acids by ninhydrin.

3. Separation and identification of sugars by paper chromatography.

4. Determination of chlorophyell a, chl b, and total chlophyll.

PROGRAM : B. Sc. IN GENERAL (BZC) - THREE YEARS COURSE NAME : AQUACULTURE TECHNOLOGY- III YEAR COURSE CODE : Chapter - 01 (Productivity Technology) - Water culture (Bioproductivity- Primary - Secondary) in aquatic environment - Definition of aquaculture - Types (openwater rancing - Confined water - Marine - Brackish and freshwater - Extensive - Intensive - Mono and polyculture). Chapter - 02 Criteria for Culturable Species - Culture techniques for fresh - Brackish and marine water organisms Catla catla - P. monodon, - Pearl oyster - Application of probiotics and antibiotics to improve digestion. Chapter - 03 Growth & health - Growth gene (stress variation in growth) - Growth hormones (recombinant DNA technique for growth hormone production). Chapter - 04 Hi-Tech Feeds - Microencapsulated - Bioencapsulated - Microcoated and microparticulated Feeds. Chapter - 05 Gene Transfer Technology - Gene transfer technology (to enhance growth, improve feed conversion - Reduce mortality - Delay sexual maturation - Improve immune function) - Molecular genetics of Transgenic fish - Transfer of Antifreeze Protein gene - Jelly fish - Aquarin (GF) gene and Stress protein to fishes. Chapter - 06 Methods of Transgene delivery - General steps to make and analyse transgenic fish - Genetically Improved Farmed - Tilapia (GIFT), Biosafety and Risk Assessment - Establishment of Gene Bank. Chapter - 07 Breeding Technology - Genetic evaluation of brood stock. Brood stock development by selective breeding - Cross breeding - Induced spawning (using phytal compounds - Homeopathy preparations and GnRH analogs). Chapter - 08 Egg Quality - Cryopreservation (Cryobank - Male, female gametes and embryo preservation) Pedigree analysis - Sex reversal - Gynogenesis - Androgenesis - Ploidy induction - Monosex development. Chapter - 09 Control of Reproduction in fin and shell fishes of Marine (P. monodon) and freshwater (Catla catla) - Shock treatment for morphological variation in fancy fishes. Chapter - 10 Disease Diagnosis and Management Technology - Devastating diseases (EUS) of fishes - Their global and national status - Characteristics - chemotherapy - Hybridoma technique - Monoclonal antibody uses in aquaculture. Chapter - 11 Disease diagnosis - PCR technique in the diagnosis of viral diseases - Specific and non-specific pathogen resisting vaccine development and delivery systems - Pathogen free brood stock development - Treatment of finfish and shelfish diseases through immunization. Chapter - 12

Cell Culture Technology - Basics in cell culture - Culture of Fish - Mollusc and crustacean cells and its applications - Culture of secretary / glandular cells to produce steroid hormones (androgen, oestrogen and corticosteroids) - Pituitary hormone (growth hormone cells, somatotrophic hormone cells) - Thyroid hormones - Pearl oyster mantle cells to produce pearls. References: 1. Recent Advances in Marine Biotechnology, Vol.1 (part B) Aquaculture Eds. Fingerman and R.

Nagabhushanam. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.

2. Studies in Biotechnology series 7 Fish Biotechnology. Dr. MM. Ranga & Dr. Q.J. Shamni,

Agrobios (India), Agro House e.mail [email protected].

3. Aquaculture. Principle and Practices by T.V.R. Pillay, Fishing News Books.

4. Genetics in Aquaculture III Ed. Trygve Gjedren, Elsevier, 1990.

5. Prevention and control of fish and prawn diseases. K.P. Biswas, Narendra Publishing House

2000.

6. An introduction to Animal Tissue Culture, J.A. Sharp. Oxford & IBH Publishing Cop. 1977.

7. Applied Molecular Genetics by Roger L. Miesfeld, Wiley-Liss, and 1999.

PROGRAM : B. Sc. IN GENERAL (BZC) - THREE YEARS COURSE NAME : BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY - III YEAR COURSE CODE : Chapter - 01 Introduction to Bioprocess Engineering - Microbial growth kinetics - Batch Culture and continuous culture - Biomass production - Variable volume fed batch culture. Chapter - 02 Thermodynamics - Energy balance in microbial - Metabolic heat generations. Chapter - 03 Sterilization - Filter Sterilization - Isolation of industrially important microorganisms - Preservation of industrially important - Microorganisms - Improvement of industrial micro organisms. Chapter - 04 Selection of Bioreactors - Types of reactors submerged reactors - Surface reactors - Mechanically agitated reactors - Non mechanically agitated reactors. Chapter - 05 Design of fermenters - Body construction - Basic function of fermenter for microbial and animal cell cultures - Aeration and agitation. Chapter - 06 Computerized Fermenters - Recovery and purification of fermented products. Chapter - 07 Effluent Treatments - Introduction - Treatment and disposal of Effluents Physical - Chemical and Biological treatments - By products - Alcohol(ethanol) & Acids (Citric acids and Acetic acid) - Solvents (Glycerol & Butanol) - Antibiotics (Penicillin, Streptomycin) - Amino acids (lysine and glutamic acid). Chapter - 08 Methane and Biogas - Activated sludge processes - Anaerobic treatment - Bioprocessing of Solid waste (Hospital waste). Chapter - 09 Introduction to Food Process Technology - Elementary idea of canning and packing - Sterilization and pasteurization of food products - Technology of food product - Bread - Cheese and yogurt. Chapter - 10 Food preservation - Modern methods of preservation of meat and other animal food. Reference Books: 1. Baily, J.E. and Ollis, D.F., Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals, McGraw-Hill Book Co. New

York.

2. Bioprocess Technology: Fundamentals and Applications, KTH, Stockholm.

3. Jackson, A.T., Process Engineering in Biotechnology, Prentice Hall, Engelwood Cliffs.

4. Shuler, M.L. and Kargi, F., Bioprocess Engineering: Basic Concepts, Prentice Hall, Engelwood

Cliffs.

5. Stanbury, P.F. & A.Whitaker, 1995, Principles of Fermentation Technology, Pergamon Press,

Oxford.

6. Shuler, M.L. (Ed.), Chemical Engineering Problems in Biotechnology, AICHE.

7. Vieth, W.F., Bioprocess Engineering-Kinetics, Mass Transport, Reactors and Gene Expression,

John Wiley & sons. Inc.

8. Mansi, E & Charlie Bryce, 1999. Fermentation Microbiology and Biotechnology, British Library

Cataloguing & Publishing.

9. Lee, C.C and Shun Dar Lin, 1999, Handbook of Environmental Engineering Calculations, Mc-

Graw Hill , New York.

10. Wulf Crueger and Anneliese Crueger, 2000, A Text Book of Industrial Microbiology, Panima

Publishing Corporation, New Delhi.

PROGRAM : B. Sc. IN GENERAL (BZC) - THREE YEARS COURSE NAME : ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY- III YEAR COURSE CODE : Chapter - 01 Basic Concepts - Interactions between environment and biota - Concept of habitat and ecological niches - Limiting factor. Chapter - 02 Energy Flow - Food chain - Food web and tropic levels - Ecological pyramids and recycling - Biotic community - Concept - Structure - Dominance - Fluctuation and succession - N.P.C and S cycles in nature. Chapter - 03 Concepts and Theories of Evolution - Population ecology - Community structure. Chapter - 04 Ecosystem Dynamics and Management - Stability and complexity of ecosystems - Speciation and extinctions - Environmental impact assessment - Principles of conservation - Conservation strategies - Sustainable development. Chapter - 05 Global Environmental Problems - Ozone depletion - UV-B green house effect and acid rain - Their impact in biotechnological approaches for management. Chapter - 06 Environmental Pollution - Types of pollution - Methods for the measurement of pollution - Methodology of environmental management – The problem solving approach and its limitations. Chapter - 07 Air pollution and its control through Biotechnology. Chapter - 08 Water Pollution and Control - Need for water management - Measurement and sources water pollution. Kind of aquatic habitats (fresh and marine) - Distribution and impact of environmental factors on the aquatic biota. Chapter - 098 Productivity - Mineral cycles and biodegradation different aquatic ecosystems. Chapter - 09 Waste Water Treatment - Waste water collection - Physico-chemical properties of water - Physical - Chemical and biological treatment processes - Activated sludge - Oxidation ditches - Trickling filter - Towers - Rotating discs - Rotating drums - Oxidation ponds. Chapter - 10 Waste Water Treatment - Anaerobic digestion - Anaerobic filters - Up flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors - Treatment schemes for waste waters of dairy - Distillery - Tannery - Sugar - Antibiotic industries. Chapter - 11 Management of Estuarine - Coastal water systems and man-made reservoirs - Biology and ecology of reservoirs - Xenobiotics: Ecological considerations - Decay behaviour and degradative plasmids - Hydrocarbons - Substituted hydrocarbons - Oil pollution - Surfactants - Pesticides. Chapter - 12

Biopesticides in Integrated Pest Management - Bioremediation of contaminated soils and wastelands -Solid waste - Sources and management (composting, vermiculture and methane production) -Environmental mutagenesis and toxicity testing. References 1. Environmental Biotechnology by Alan Scragg. Pearson Education Limited, England.

2. Environmental biotechnology by S.N. Jogdand. Himalaya Publishing House.Bombay.

3. Wastewater Engineering – Treatment, Disposal and Reuse. Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Tata Mc

Graw Hill, NewDelhi.

4. Environmental chemistry by A.K. De Wiley Eastern Ltd. NewDelhi.

5. Introduction to Biodeterioration by D. Allsopp and k.J. Seal, ELBS/Edward Arnold.

PROGRAM : B. Sc. IN GENERAL (BZC) - THREE YEARS COURSE NAME : ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY - III YEAR COURSE CODE : Chapter - 01 Fundamentals of Environmental Chemistry - Stoichiometry - Gibb's energy - Chemical potential - Chemical equilibria - Acid-base reactions. Chapter - 02 Solubility Product - Solubility of gases in water - The carbonate system - Unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons - Radionuclides. Chapter - 03 Chemical Composition of Air - Classification of elements - Chemical speciation - Particles - Ions and radicals in the atmosphere - Chemical processes for formation of inorganic and organic particulate matter. Chapter - 04 Thermochemical and Photochemical Reactions in the Atmosphere - Oxygen and ozone chemistry - Chemistry of air pollutants - Photochemical smog. Chapter - 05 Water Chemistry - Physico-Chemical parameters of water - Concept of DO - BOD - COD - Sedimentation - Coagulation - Filtration. Chapter - 06 Redox Potential - Water cycle - Types of water - Sampling techniques. Chapter - 07 Chemistry of the Soil - Structure of lithosphere - Nature of soil - Physical properties of soil - Soil water - Soil air - Soil temperature - Mechanical composition - Structure and texture. Chapter - 08 Chemical Properties of Soil - Minerals of soil - Colloids in soil - Ion exchange reactions in soil - Soil fertility and evaluation - Organic matter in soil and their transformation - Soil pH and its effect on fertility.

Chapter - 09 Toxic Chemicals in the Environment - Xenobiotics in Air - Water and soil - Biochemical aspects of Arsenic - Cadmium - Lead - Mercury - Carbon Monoxide - O3 and PAN - Pesticides. Chapter - 10 Insecticides - MIC - Carcinogens - Principles and Applications - Titrimetry - Gravimetry - Colourimetry - Spectrophotometry. Chapter - 11 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry - Flame Photometry. Chapter - 12 Electrophoresis - X-ray fluorescence - X-ray diffraction - Chromatography - GC - GLC and HPLC. REFERENCES 1. Banerji,S.K, 2002. Environmental chemistry. Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi.

2. Bhatia,S.C, 2002. Environmental chemistry. CBS publishers and Distributors, New Delhi.

3. Chatwal,A. .1999. Instrumental methods of chemical analysis. Himalaya publishing House,

Mumbai.

4. Cunningham.P, Cooper.H, Eville.G, and M.T. Hepworth.1999. Environmental

Encyclopedia.Jaico Publishing House, Mumbai.

5. De A.K. 1990. Environmental Chemistry. Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.

6. Gilreath, E.S. Fundamentals of Inorganic Chemistry.

7. Glasstone, S and Lewis. Essentials of Physical Chemistry.

8. Johnson, D.O. Netteville, J.T. Wood, J.C. and James M. 1973. Chemistry and the Environment

W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia.

9. Sharma, B.K. and Kaur, H.1994 .Environmental Chemistry. Goel Publishing House, Meerut.

10. Sindhu, P.S, 2002. Environmental chemistry. New age international publishers, New Delhi.

11. Sodhi,C.S .2000. Fundamental concepts of environmental chemistry. Narosa Publishing

house,New Delhi.4

12. Warme,R.P. 1985. Chemistry of Atmospheres. Clarendon Press, Oxford.

13. Weigbery, Instrumentation manual. McGraw Hill, NewYork.

14. Williamson,S.J. 1971. Fundamentals of air pollution. Wesley publishing company.

PROGRAM : B. Sc. IN GENERAL (BZC) - THREE YEARS COURSE NAME : PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, ECOLOGY & PHYTOGEOGRAPHY - III YEAR COURSE CODE :

Chapter - 01 Plant physiology – Introduction – Structure and composition of membrane – Brief account of

models – Fluid mosaic models – Lipoprotein model – Endo – membrane system.

Chapter - 02

Water Relations of Plants – Physico – Chemical properties of water – Apparent - Free space - Bulk

movement of water – Diffusion - Imbibition – Permeability - Osmosis – Transpiration – Stomatal

regulation.

Chapter - 03

Photosynthesis – Energy - Pathway in photosynthesis - Photosynthetic pigments – Pigment systems

– Electron flow through cyclic - Non-cyclic and Pseudocyclic photophos phorylation – Difference

between C3 and C4 photosynthesis.

Chapter - 04

Different Kind of C4 Pathway - Occurance - Biochemical events and adaptive advantage –

Regulation of photorespiration.

Chapter - 05 Respiration – Aerobic and Aerobic respiration – Glycolysis - Krebs cycles Electron transport

system – Phosphoylation – Substrate and oxidative.

Chapter - 06

HM P – Pathway – Resipatory quotient – Factors – affecting respiration.

Chapter - 07 Uptake of Ions Mechanism – Translocation of solutes and assimilators – Mechanism – Mineral

nutrition – Essential elements – Micro and macro elements – Role and deficiency symptoms –

Fertilizer – Foliar nutrition.

Chapter - 08

Concepts of an Ecosystem - Concepts of an ecosystem – Application of law of thermo dynamics -

Food chain food web - Energy flow – Ecological factors – Climatic - Physiographic. - Edaphic and

biotic factors - Study of pond - Grass land and forest ecosystems and their succession.

Chapter - 09

Major Terrestrial Plant Communities – Study of climate - Distribution - Adaptation to environment

- Deserts/ (dry and cold) - Tundra - Grass land - Savannah - Temperate and tropical forests and

mangroves.

Chapter - 10

Phytogeography - Plant geography – Factors of plant distribution – Theories concerning present and

past distributions – Continental drift - Glaciations - Land bridges and their effect on plant

distribution.

Chapter - 11 Theories and hypothesis concerning the flora and phytogeography of south Indian hills endemism

and discontinuous distribution with examples from Indian flora - Floristic regions of India.plant

indicators.

PROGRAM : B. Sc. IN GENERAL (BZC) - THREE YEARS COURSE NAME : PRACTICAL V - AQUACULTURE TECHNOLOGY AND BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY - III YEAR COURSE CODE : Labwork: 1. Western Blot, Dot blot, capillary blot, osmodiffusion, Auto-radiography.

2.Immunocytochemistry at light microscope level, Electron immunocytochemistry, identification of

neropeptides in fish parasite, immunogold technique for identification of enzymes in Pancreas,

Immunostimulant challenge experiments (B glucon).

3. Microinjection of Aquarin gene (gene transformation).

4. Stress Proteins (70 kD) synthesis by inducing stress in fish.

5. Nutrient enhancement in live feeds (Bio-encapsulation).

6. Aquaculture waste water treatment methods (Bio-remediation).

7. Biofouling organisms and their control.

8. Culture of prawn hepatopancreas cells.

Field Observations:

1. Application of Probiotics and observe the growth and health of Macrobrachium malcolmnsonii.

2. Administering of growth hormone and observe the growth variation in Indian major carp.

3. Injection of Homeopathy preparation / phytal extracts to induce the spawning in fancy fishes.

BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY: 1. Isolation and characterization of industrially important microorganisms.

2. Determination of Thermal Dealth Point (TDP) and Thermal Dealth Time (TDT) of

microorganisms of design of a sterilizer.

4. Determination of growth curve of supplied microorganisms and also determination of substrate

degradation.

5. Comparative studies of Ethanol production.

6. Microbial production of Citric Acid using Aspergillus niger.

7. Production of Yogurt.

8. Biogas production using simple fermenters.

9. Estimation of BOD and COD, Turbidity & Viscosity and Electrical Conductivity of different

effluents.

10. Technology for bread preparation.

11. Chemical preservation and extending shelf life.

12. Preparation and preservation of sauces and chutney.

13. Preparation and preservation of Jam and Jellies.

14. Quality of milk checking (Methyl blue dye reduction test).

15. Microbial analysis of food products.

16. Microbial spoilage of food.

PROGRAM : B. Sc. IN GENERAL (BZC) - THREE YEARS COURSE NAME : PRACTICAL VI - PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, ECOLOGY & MICROBIOLOGY - III YEAR COURSE CODE : A. Plant Physiology Ecology and Phytogeography:








8. Preparing and recording of microcscopic preparations – Temporary, semi permanent and

permanent slids.


10. Handling of, spectrophotometer, pH meter, microtome, colorimeter, centrifuge,

electrophoresis unit.

11. Staining procedures – simple, differential, capsule, flagellar staining for bacteria.



B. Introduction to Microbiology: 1. Microscopic examination of the structural and reproductive features of all major groups of

microbes listed in theory syllabus.

2. Gram staining of bacteria, simple staining of other microbes, negative staining.

3. Preparation of non-selective and selective media for growing microbes.

4. Isolation and culture of microbes of various categories from air, soil, water, spoiled food and

other sources.

program : b. sc. in general (bzc) - three years course...

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