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PROGRAM BOOK AND ABSTRACTS 1 I

9th International Table Grape Symposium, Santiago - Chile.

PROGRAM BOOK AND ABSTRACTSI 2

PROGRAM BOOK AND ABSTRACTS

9th International Table Grape Symposium,

Santiago - Chile.

3 I

INDEX

Welcome Letter 5

Organizing Committee 6

Keynote Speakers 10-11-12

Industry Forum Speakers 13-14-15

General Program 16-17

Foor Plan 20

Technical Tours 22-23

Received Abstracts Summary 24-38

Books Abstracts 40-120



Santiago - Chile.

5 I

Paola Barba Carolina Cruz Alonso Pérez

WELCOME LETTER

The organizing committee welcome the international community of table grape growers, exporters, resear-

chers and professionals to share and discuss technical, scientific and economic advances on this particular

crop at the 9th International Table Grape Symposium in Santiago, Chile.

As leading table grape exporter, Chile is the perfect location to see in the field the advances and challenges

the industry is facing on, and also to talk and discuss with local and international people involved in the

grape industry. Key aspects for the sustainability of the industry will be covered on six thematic areas, which

includes plenary lectures from key speakers, industry forum, oral presentations, poster presentations and

field trips.

The organizing committee, formed by the Institute of Agricultural Research (Instituto de Investigaciones

Agropecuarias), the Commission for Research and Development of Table Grape (Comisión de Investigación

para el Desarrollo de Uva de Mesa) UVANOVA, and the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile (Pontificia Uni-

versidad Católica de Chile) PUC, invite you to participate in this relevant event. We hope to see you in Chile

between the 16th and 21st of February, 2020.



Paola Barba, INIA

Biotechnological Engineer, Director of INIA-Biofrutales Table Grape Bre-eding Program, Plant Breeding and Genetics PhD, Cornell University.

Alonso Pérez, PUC

Agronomist, Specialist on fruit phy-siology and plant growth regulators. Professor at PUC. Plant Biology PhD, UC Davis.

Juan Pablo Zoffoli, PUC

Agronomist, Specialist on posthar-vest physiology. Professor and Ex-tension Director at PUC. Doctor in Agricultural Sciences. Pontificia Uni-versidad Católica.

Gabriel Sellés, INIA

Agronomist, Specialist on water and soil management on vines and fruit trees. Fruticulture National coordi-nator at INIA. Plant Physiology Dr. Montpellier SupAgro.

Dragomic Lujbetic, UVANOVA

Agronomist PUCV. Consultant and specialist on table grape production for exportation. Director of Uvanova.

Carolina Cruz, UVANOVA

Agronomist PUCV, Consultant and specialist on table grape production for exportation. Executive President of Uvanova.

Bruno Defilippi, INIA

Agronomist, Specialist of Posthar-vest physiology and technology. Head of the Postharvest Unit at INIA. Plant Biology PhD, UC Davis

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE



Santiago - Chile.

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We transform the needs of the Chilean agriculture into technological solutions

The Institute of Agricultural Research (known in Spanish for the shortening INIA) is the main agricultural re-search institution of the country; that belong to the Ministry of Agriculture of Chile. It has national presence from Arica (North) to Magallanes (South) with 10 regionals centers, technical offices, experimental centers, gene banks, laboratories and libraries, all at the service of the scientific innovation of the country and the technological transfer to farmers.

INIA has a highly qualified staff of more than one thousand persons, including researchers, professionals, technicians and workers.

We play a strategic role as a partner for the main agricultural productive chains.

INIA is a private nonprofit organization, founded on April 8th, 1964, by the Institute of Agricultural Develop-ment (INDAP), the Production Development Corporation (CORFO), the Universidad de Chile, the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and the Universidad de Concepción.

Today, INIA leads the knowledge and technology development, to produce innovations and to improve the competitiveness of the national agricultural sector in a sustainable, inclusive and environment-friendly way.

INIA leads the national agricultural research, through 8 programs, that consider critical issues for Chile: Ge-netic resources, Crops, Vegetables, Fruits, Livestock systems, Environment & sustainability, Food, and Tech-nological transfer.

INIA develops 19 breeding programs to increase the productivity, quality and crop yield of rice, oat, grain legumes, lupine, potatoes, triticale, wheat, forage species, lotus, artichoke, garlic, onions, sweet corn, pepper, pumpkin, apples, table grapes, murtilla (Ugnimolinae) and other crops.

WHAT IS INIA?



PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA

Uvanova, the Table Grape commission for research and development is a nonprofitable organization for-med by table grape consultants, researchers and growers from different production areas in Chile. The main goal and driving force are to promote the constant reengineering on the table grape industry, aiming to improve productivity and competitiveness, keeping Chile as leading Table Grape producing and exporter country. Uvanova aims to find solutions to current industry issues and challenges through applied research.

On a globalized world, where communication, information and technology transfer are key elements to keep the edge, Uvanova have shown leadership organizing massive successful seminars, field days and ha-ving a constant presence to stablish bridges between growers, industry suppliers, students, researchers and research centers, universities, government organization, among others.

The Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, through its Faculties, develops an educational project of forma-tion, creation of knowledge and connection with society through specific initiatives in the different areas of knowledge that characterize a complex and multidimensional society.

The Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry is concerned with the efficient use of natural resources, conducting professional training based on the principles that regulate growth and development cycles of plants, ani-mals and forests. The technological projection of this knowledge makes it a permanent collaborator of rural development, with a relevant role in assuring the supply of healthy, safe and functional food for society as a whole.

UVANOVA



Santiago - Chile.

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Patricio Arce

Jaime Auger

José Antonio Alcalde

Paola Barba

Reinaldo Campos

Juan Carreño Espín

Carolina Cruz

Laura de Palma

Bruno Defilippi

Ian Dry

Matthew Fidelibus

Yerko Moreno

Vittorino Novello

Claudio Pastenes

Álvaro Peña-Neira

Alonso Pérez

Carlos Poblete-Echeverría

Lorena Ponsone

Jorge Prieto

Pablo Pizzuolo

Luis Sazo

María Teresa Sánchez-Ballesta

Gabriel Sellés

Silvia Ulanovsky

Héctor Valdés

Juan Pablo Zoffoli

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE



Bernardo Latorre, Chile.

Professor at Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. He obtained is PhD on Phytopathology at California University, Davis. His current areas of interest are Fruit Phytopathology, Epidemiology and Fruit Tree Disease Control.

Etti Or, Israel

Senior researcher at Volcani Center of Agricultural Research Organiza-tion (ARO) in Israel. Her current research focus on two main topics: 1) Grapevine bud dormancy release- molecular regulation and practical manipulation; 2) Manipulation of berry size and uniformity of cluster appearance.

KEYNOTE SPEAKERS

Bruno Defilippi, Chile.

Researcher and Postharvest unit coordinator at Instituto de Investiga-ciones Agropecuarias (INIA). Dr. Defilippi is agricultural engineer from Universidad de Chile and Plant Biology PhD from California University, Davis. His areas of research focus on certain aspects of physiology and techno-logy of fruit postharvest. The main topics are: i) Identification of harvest factor determining quality and storage potential, ii) ethylene metabo-lism and its effect during maturation and senescence, iii) development of segregation tools in fruit according to storage potential, and iv) development and evaluation of post-harvest technologies to achieve fruit of global quality in destination markets.

Markus Keller, USA.

Chateau Ste. Michelle Distinguished Professor in Viticulture, Washin-gton State University – Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center (IAREC). His research program focuses on developmental and environmental factors and vineyard management practices as they in-fluence crop physiology of wine and juice grapes. His lab investigates scion-rootstock interactions, grape development and water relations during fruit ripening, irrigation and crop load management, yield for-mation, and cold hardiness.



Santiago - Chile.

11 I

Alonso Pérez, Chile.

Professor at Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Dr. Pérez attei-ned his PhD degree on Plant Biology at California University, Davis. His areas of research include Fruit Tree Physiology, Water transport, Viticul-ture and Plant Hormone Use.

Luis Sazo, Chile.

Agricultural Engineer and Professor of Entomology at Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile. Researcher and interna-tional consultant in the area of Pest Integrated Management on vines and fruit trees. Collaborator on the European Grapevine Moth Coope-rative Eradication Program in California, USA.

Andrew Teubes, South Africa.

Andrew Teubes attained a B.Sc. degree in Viticulture and Soil Science at the University of Stellenbosch in South Africa in 1994. He started his professional career as Viticultural Extention Officer in the wine indus-try, before starting his nursery career in 1998. VG Nurseries specialize in the production of grafted grapevines for the South African wine-, table and raisin grape industry, as well as various international clients in many parts of the world. As Viticultural Consultant he has worked in many countries across the globe specializing in the use of rootstocks and their adaptability to various soil- and climatic environments, gai-ning experience over more than 20 years.

KEYNOTE SPEAKERS

David Ramming, USA.

For 38 years, Dr. David Ramming was responsible for breeding new va-rieties of table and raisin grapes for commercial production at USDA San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center in Parlier, California. He helped develop 15 table grape varieties, such as ‘Crimson’, ’Autumn Ro-yal’, ‘Autumn King’ that now represent more than half of table grape production in the USA. He also helped pioneer embryo rescue techni-ques that allowed for seedless by seedless crosses and shortened the table grape breeding timeline. (source www.goodfruit.com).



KEYNOTE SPEAKERS

Larry Williams, USA.

Emeritus Professor and Plant Physiologist, University of California at Da-vis - Agricultural Experimental Station. The major thrust of his research program has been vineyard irrigation management. His research helps grape growers schedule irrigations (both timing and amount). Some of his research focus on the effect of both under- and over-irrigation amounts on vine physiology, growth and fruit yield and quality, develo-pment of a model to predict water use of Thompson Seedless, Mode-ling efforts for both water use and carbon assimilation are proceeding on other cultivars. Also, he has been involved in the study of water rela-tions of native North American Vitis species grown under soil water de-ficits in order to assist grape breeders in developing drought tolerant rootstocks.



Santiago - Chile.

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INDUSTRY FORUM SPEAKERS

Paul Barclay - Perú

Sociedad Agrícola Saturno S.A.: Farming operation and agriexport business; Chief Executive Officer

■ Consolidation of 1.200 hectares of prime land with secure water provision.■ Constructed an organization and team capable to produce and export 1.5 millionboxes of fresh produce to top markets, with total turnover of 34 million in 2018.■ Development of farming operations of up to 480 hectares of table grapes, 100hectares of mango and 100 hectares of avocadoes, with Global Gap, Tesco-Nurture, Fair Trade USA, NOP and EU Organics certifications.

Trinidad Díaz - España

All my professional career is linked to the Mesa Grape sector.In my professional start I worked as a Technician of a Group of Table Grape Pro-ducers for the Biotechnological Control of pests and diseases. Subsequently and currently, I work as Technical Director of the company MOYCA GRAPES SL, located in the Region of Murcia, Spain. MOYCA GRAPES SL is dedicated to the production, marketing and export of Table Grape. In this company I am doing this activity in the last 18 years. My activity in the Company is to coordinate the MOYCA technical team, focused mainly on all Production Techniques and De-velopment of new varieties.

Juan Alberto Laborín - Mexico

General Director of “Asociación Agrícola Local de Productores de Uva de Mesa, Frutas y Hortalizas” AALPUM, Chairman of the Board, México Calidad Suprema, México.Agronomist Engineer with specialization in viticulture, California State Univer-sity, Fresno, CA, USA. MS in Agricultural Business



Johon Pandol - USA

Is director of special projects for Pandol Brothers Inc, a grape growing and sales business in Delano, California. The “physical and digital presence of Pandol Brothers” , John travels 150 days year to visit all points of the supply chain, attends over 20 industry and custo-mer events annually and frequently comments on the grape business in the produce press, in online fora and at industry events. John graduated from the Business School at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles and un-dertook additional undergraduate studies at the Faculty of Agriculture at Ca-tholic University of Chile in Santiago. John serves as Grape Division Chairman of the Fresh Produce Association of the Americas, an association of importers and has served as chairman of the marketing committee of the California Fresh Fruit Association.

SPEAKERS INDUSTRY FORUM

Michele Melillo - Italia

Graduated at University of Bari in Agriculture Science in 2000. Master of Science in Horticulture and Agronomy at University of California, Davis (2004).Free agent viticulturist in table grape industry since 2004. Working experience in Australia (2004-2010), Europe (Italy, Spain and Portugal), North Africa, Southern America and South Africa. Currently Senior Agronomist at Sun World International, shareholder of Graper Srl and President of Bella Vigna Award Association.

Oscar Salgado - Chile

Agricultural Engineer from the Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaiso-Chi-le, M.B.A. from the Lord Ashcroft International Business School from Anglia Ruskin University. Former director of exporters association and technical com-mittees, former Associate professor of Viticulture at the Pontifical Catholic Uni-versity of Valparaiso Currently Table Grape product expert at San Lucar Com-pany at Valencia in Spain. Recently nominate San Lucar Company Director for Procurement and Business

For more than 30 years involve in the Agricultural Export Business, at different fields from the field technical production, quality, post-harvest, farm manage-ment, R&D and General Manager and shareholder of Agribusiness international companies. The professional carrier was done in Chile in most of the produc-tion areas, and internationally with a permanent post at Egypt, South Africa, UK, USA and Spain. Involve in temporary works and different assignment and technical / commercial trips at Morocco, Lebanon, Jordan, Turkey, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Germany, Poland, Czech Republic, Holland, UK, US (West and East coast), Canada, Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Panama, Argentina, Korea , Ma-laysia, Hong Kong and China.



Santiago - Chile.

15 I

SPEAKERS INDUSTRY FORUM

Azhar Tambuwala, India.

Heads a leading fruit marketing firm Seasonz International and is a fellow-foun-der member of India’s largest cooperative and exporter of grapes, Sahyadri Farms. Having been in the grape exporting business for 25 years, he has been involved when the industry was a fledging to today when India is well establi-shed as a grape exporting country. The nuances of world markets and of grape producing countries is well understood having travelled extensively to all mar-kets and producing countries.He also runs a charity organization The Raahat Foundation, which acts as a catalyst for community development by providing a platform for expression. ‘Art should disturb the comfortable and comfort the disturbed’ is a thought practiced here.

Andrew Teubes, South Africa.

Andrew Teubes attained a B.Sc. degree in Viticulture and Soil Science at the University of Stellenbosch in South Africa in 1994. He started his professional career as Viticultural Extention Officer in the wine industry, before starting his nursery career in 1998. VG Nurseries specialize in the production of grafted gra-pevines for the South African wine-, table and raisin grape industry, as well as various international clients in many parts of the world. As Viticultural Consul-tant he has worked in many countries across the globe specializing in the use of rootstocks and their adaptability to various soil- and climatic environments, gaining experience over more than 20 years.



Sunday, 16 February Monday, 17 February Tuesday, 18 February07:30 - 18:30 Registration 07:30 - 18:30 Registration

08:30 - 10:15 Opening Ceremony 08:30 - 09:15 Keynote Speaker Luis Sazo “Strategies and challenges of table grape pest management in Chile (talk in Spanish)”

09:15 - 10:45 Oral presentations “Plant Protection”

10:15 - 10:45 Coffee break and Poster presentation

10:45 - 11:15 Coffee break Sponsored by Sun World and Poster presentation Plant Protection.

10:45 - 11:30 Keynote Speaker David Ramming “Breeding Table Grapes”

11:15 - 12:00 Keynote Speaker Markus Keller “The heat is on: Conse-quences and mitigation of heat and drought stress”

11:30 - 12:45 Oral presentations “Grapevine Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology”

12:00 - 13:00 Oral presentations “Crop Physiology and Vineyard Management”

13:00 - 14:30 Lunch Sponsored by UPL 13:00 - 14:30 Lunch Sponsored by Sun World

14:30 -15:45 Oral presentations “Grapevine Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology”

14:30 -15:45 Oral presentations “Crop Physiology and Vineyard Management”

15:45 - 16:30 Keynote Speaker Bernardo Latorre “Challenges in the control of table grape Botrytis and powdery mildew

15:45 - 16:30 Keynote Speaker Larry Williams “Irrigation management strategies for table grape vineyards under extended drought conditions”

16:30 - 17:00 Coffee break Sponsored by INIA-Biofrutales and Poster presentation Grapevine Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology.

16:30 - 17:00 Coffee break Sponsored by Sun World and Poster presentation Crop Physiology and Vineyard Managemen.

17:00 - 19:00 Registration 17:00 - 18:30 Industry Forum - Juan Alberto Laborín (Mexico)- Azhar Tambuwala (India) - John Pandol (EE.UU)

Moderator: Martín Silva

17:00 - 18:30 Industry Forum- Paul Barclay (Perú) - Andrew Teubes (South Africa) - Oscar Salgado (Chile)

Moderator: Luis Luchsinger

19:00 - 21:00 Welcome cocktail

GENERAL PROGRAM



Santiago - Chile.

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GENERAL PROGRAM

Wednesday, 19 February Thursday, 20 February Friday, 21 February06:30 - 07:30 Registration 07:30 - 18:30 Registration 08:00 - 12:00 Registration

07:30 - 18:00 Technical Tour Only pre-registered participants

08:30 - 09:15 Keynote Speaker Andrew Teubes “Historical review of table grape rootstocks and technical criteria for it choice”

09:00 - 09:45 Coffee break and Poster presentation

09:15 - 10:15 Oral presentations “Crop Physiology and Vineyard Management”

09:45 - 10:30 Keynote Speaker Alonso Pérez “Revisiting the use of plant growth regulators in table grapes”

10:15 - 10:45 Coffee break Sponsored by Bioamerica and Poster presentation Postharvest Technology and Fruit Quality

10:30 - 12:00 Oral presentations “Reproductive Biology, Fruit Physiology and Development, Plant Growth Regulators”

10:45 - 11:30 Keynote Speaker Bruno Defilippi “Rachis quality in table grape: some clues about the hidden part of the bunch”

11:30 - 12:30 Oral presentations “Postharvest Technology and Fruit Quality”

12:30 - 14:30 Lunch Sponsored by COMPO and Elections next host country 10ITGS

12:00 - 13:30 Farewell Cocktail

14:30 - 15:45 Oral presentations “Postharvest Technology and Fruit Quality”

15:45 - 16:30 Keynote Speaker Etti Or ¿What is new at the field of grapevine dormancy release?

16:30 - 17:00 Coffee break and Poster presentation Reproductive Biology, Fruit Physiology and Development, Plant Growth Regulators.

17:00 - 18:00 Industry Forum- Trini Diaz (Spain)- Michele Melillo (Italy)

Moderator: Alvaro Azancot

20:00 - 02:00 Dinner - Farewell party



FLOOR PLAN

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

812 11 10

POSTERS PLENARYROOM

REGISTRATIONDESK

9 14 15

16 17

13

AB

COFFEE COFFEE COFFEE COFFEE

1.

2A. PORTAL FRUTICOLA

2B. RED AGRÍCOLA

3. AGROENZYMAS

4. INFRUTA

5. SUMITOMO-VALENT

6. SERROPLAST

7. SYNGENTA

8. BAYER

9. FMC

10. BASF

11. AGROSYSTEMS

12. INNVOVAK GLOBAL

13. AGROCONNEXION

14. ANASAC

15. AGROTECNOLOGÍA

16. SYMBORG

17. GOWAN

A. INIA

B. TOURISM



Santiago - Chile.

21 I

PROTEKU GRAPE GUARDS EL GENERADOR DE SO2 DE MAYOR USO EN EL MUNDO.

PROTEKU Grape Guards, registrados en: EPA USA, APVMA Australia, SENASA Perú y Argentina y en cumplimiento de las normas de la Unión Europea

SEGURIDAD Y CONFIANZA



TECHNICAL TOUR

Wednesday 19th, February 2020METROPOLITAN REGION, CHILE

Itinerary

07:00 Meeting at the front door of Boulevard Suites Hotel. Due to limited space on each tour pre registration and Symposium badge are required. Field day backpacks with sunblock, jockey will be provided. It is recommended to take flexible bottles delivered at the conference registration.

07:30 Departure to the city of Paine.

09:15 -11:00 Visit to Agricola San José, property of Gonzalo Tocornal, Paine.■ Hydration point sponsored by AgroCare.■ Plastic covered grapevines.■ New varieties: Sable, Sweet Celebration, Krissy, Autumn Crisp.■ Alternative trellis systems compared to the traditional Spanish parrón.

11:30 –14:30 Visit to Convento Viejo property of Enrique Turri Linderos, Buin.■ Hydration point sponsored by AgroCare.■ Varieties from Arra, Sun World, IFG, INIA-Biofrutales and SNFL.■ Grapes handling for cold storage.■ Harvest management and visit to packing center.

15:00 Lunch.

17:00 Return to Boulevard Suites Hotel.



Santiago - Chile.

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TECHNICAL TOUR

Wednesday 19th, February 2020ACONCAGUA VALLEY, CHILE

Itinerary

07:00 Meeting at the front door of Boulevard Suites Hotel. Due to limited space on each tour pre registration and Symposium badge is required. Field day backpack with sunblock, jockey will be provided. It is recommended to take flexible bottles delivered at the conference backpack

08:00 Departure to the city of San Esteban.

09:45 -11:30 Visit to Campo Maria del Tránsito owned by Daniel De Blasis, San Esteban.

■ Hydration Point sponsored by Martinez & Valdivieso.■ Experience with plastic covered grapevines THS.■ Varieties from IFG.■ Alternative systems: Puglia.

12:00-15:00 Visit to Campo El Guindal property of Juan Carolus Brown Calle Larga, Los Andes.

■ OG systems: Handling short pruning in THS, CR.■ Varieties from Arra, SFNL, INIA-Biofrutales.■ Colour management: PGR work and treatments.■ Irrigation: Experiences in a year of water shortage.■ Tasting panel for new varieties.

15:15 Lunch at The Brown Park, courtesy of Cintac.

17:30 Return to Boulevard Suites Hotel.



RECEIVED ABSTRACTS SUMMARY

Schedule Presentation Code

Title Presenter Institution

11:30-11:45 O01 IMPACT OF UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS TABLE GRAPE GENETIC ADVANCES

Dr. John Clark University of Arkansas

11:45-12:00 O02 COLD-HARDY TABLE GRAPES IN MINNESOTA

Dr. Erin Treiber University of Minnesota

12:00-12:15 O03 SPEEDING UP TABLE GRAPE BREEDING BY DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF HIGH-THROUGHPUT TOOLS

Dr. Paola Barba Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias

12:15-12:30 O04 SEEDLING SELECTION WITH AMPSEQ ENRICHES POPULATIONS FOR SEEDLESSNESS, MUSCAT AROMA, AND POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE

Dr. Matthew Clark University of Minnesota

12:30-12:45 O05 ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES BASED UPON TOLERANT ROOTSTOCKS DEVELOPMENT FOR ABIOTIC STRESS TOLERANCE IN GRAPEVINES FROM NORTHERN CHILE

Dr. Andres Zurita-Silva Instituto de de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Centro Regional de Investigación Intihuasi

Session Grapevine Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology (GEN-A)

Presentation Type Oral

Date 17 February 2020

Schedule 11:30-12:45

Room Plenary room



Santiago - Chile.

25 I

Session Grapevine Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology (GEN-B)




Room Plenary room




14:30-14:45 O06 SEARCH FOR MARKERS ASSOCIATED TO BERRY SIZE IN TABLE GRAPE: NEW SSRS DERIVED FROM SNPS AND INDELS INTENDED FOR MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION

Dr. Patricio Hinrichsen Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias

14:45-15:00 O07 IDENTIFICATION OF QUANTITATIVE TRAIT GENES USING GLOBAL GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS AND FINE QTL ANALYSIS FOR BERRY TEXTURAL PROPERTIES IN TABLE GRAPES

Dr. Nilo Mejía Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias

15:00-15:15 O08 VARIETAL RECOGNITION THROUGH SATELLITE MULTISPETTRIC IMAGES IN TABLE GRAPES

Mr. Pietro Scafidi IFG

15:15-15:30 O09 DIFFERENCES IN BERRY PRIMARY AND SECONDARY METABOLISMS IDENTIFIED BY TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND METABOLIC PROFILING OF TWO TABLE GRAPE COLOR SOMATIC VARIANTS

Dr. Claudia Santibáñez Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile

15:30-15:45 O10 THE CALM BEFORE THE STORM: GRAPE BERRY CUTICLE AS A SOURCE OF RESISTANCE AGAINST BOTRYTIS CINEREA

Mr. Carlos Meyer-Regueiro

Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile



Session Grapevine Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology (GENp)

Presentation Type Poster



Room Costanera room




- P01 IMIDA-ITUM BREEDING PROGRAM, TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY

Dr. Manuel Tornel IMIDA - ITUM

- P02 BERRY SIZE GENETIC ARCHITECTURE REVEALED BY FINE AND EXHAUSTIVE QTL MAPPING ANALYSIS

Dr. Nilo Mejía Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias

- P03 INIA-G2: A NEW CHILEAN TABLE GRAPE CULTIVAR

Dr. M. Cecilia Peppi Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias

- P04 INIA-G3: NEW MUSCAT TABLE GRAPE Dr. M. Cecilia Peppi Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias

- P05 DEVELOPMENT OF RESISTANT TO POWDERY MILDEW (ERYSIPHE NECATOR) TABLE GRAPE CULTIVARS (VITIS VINIFERA) BY THE INTRODUCTION OF REN1RUN1 GENES THROUGH BACKCROSSING METHOD

Ms. Viviana Sosa Zúñiga Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile



Santiago - Chile.

27 I

Session Plant Protection (PPROT)




Room Plenary Room



09:15-09:30 O11 EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ACARICIDES IN THE CONTROL OF COLOMERUS VITIS (PAGENSTECHER) (ACARINA: ERYOPHIDAE), IN TABLE GRAPES IN THE ELQUI VALLEY, COQUIMBO REGION

Dr. Claudio Salas Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias

09:30-09:45 O12 PLANT EXTRACTS; AN IMPORTANT AN-TI-RESISTANCE STRATEGY TO PROTECT THE EFFICACY OF BOTRYTIS FUNGICIDES IN TABLE GRAPES

Prof. Marcela Esterio Universidad de Chile

09:45-10:00 O13 MIRAVIS PRIME, A NEW SOLUTION FOR AN EFFECTIVE CONTROL OF BOTRYTIS IN GRAPES

Mr. Thierry Querol SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION AG

10:00-10:15 O14 CONTROL OF GRAPEVINE POWDERY MILDEW BY THE HYBRID FUNGICIDE REGEV™

Mr. Juan Cristobal Arroyo STK bio-ag Technologies

10:30-10:45 O15 OCCURRENCE OF YOUNG GRAPEVINE DISEASES IN NEW TABLE GRAPE VARIE-TIES IN CHILE

Dr. Jaime Auger Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile





Session Plant Protection (PPROTp)




Room Costanera Room



- P06 GRAPEVINE TRUNK FUNGAL DISEASES IN CAUQUENES AND ITATA VALLEYS

Ms. Daina Grinbergs Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias

- P07 DETERMINATION OF TEMPERATURES, MINIMUM, MAXIMUM THRESHOLD AND ACCUMULATION OF DEGREE DAYS (ADD) OF A GENERATION UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS IN THE LABORATORY OF LOBESIA BOTRANA (DENIS & SCHIFFERMÜLLER) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

Ms. Nancy Vitta Palacios Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias

- P08 DETERMINATION OF NATURAL PARASITISM, IN PUPAS OF LOBESIA BOTRANA ([DENIS & SCHIFFERMÜLLER]) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), COLLECTED IN INIA MONITORING STATIONS

Ms. Nancy Vitta Palacios Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias

- P09 HOST RESPONSE OF GRAPE ROOTSTOCKS TO PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES UNDER REPLANT CONDITIONS

Dr. Pablo Meza Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias

- P10 GENERATION OF WARNING SYSTEMS OF ESTABLISHMENT, DEVELOPMENT AND TIMELY CONTROL OF LOBESIA BOTRANA (D. & S.) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) IN THE ATACAMA REGION

Dr. Claudio Salas Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias

- P11 MITIGATION OF POWDERY MILDEW FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE ON TABLE GRAPE PRODUCTION IN CALIFORNIA

Dr. Gabriel Torres UCANR

- P12 USE OF VITANICA RZ AS A BIOLOGICAL TOOL FOR CONTROL OF DECAY IN TABLE GRAPES CV. TIMCO.

Ms. Karen Maiers Compo Expert Chile



Santiago - Chile.

29 I

Session Plant Protection (PPROTp)




Room Costanera Room




- P13 AN EFFICIENT METHODOLOGY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GRAPEVINE RUPESTRIS STEM PITTING ASSOCIATED VIRUS-FREE ROOTSTOCKS

Dra. Mónica Madariaga Villarroel

Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias

- P14 DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR LOBESIA BOTRANA IN VINES: ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI AND BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS AT THE SERVICE OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE

Dr. Eduardo Tapia Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias

- P15 EFFECTIVENESS OF MAMULL (TRICHODERMA SPP. Y BIONECTRIA SPP.) IN THE CONTROL OF TRUNK WOOD DISEASE IN TABLE GRAPE.

Mr. Carlos Torres Bio Insumos Nativa

Session Crop Physiology and Vineyard Management (FISIO-A)




Room Plenary Room



12:00-12:15 O16 VITICULTURAL CLIMATIC INDICES AS A PREDICTOR OF HARVEST DATE OF TABLE GRAPES (VITIS VINIFERA) IN NORTHERN CHILE

Dr. Nicolás Verdugo-Vásquez


12:15-12:30 O17 HOW PHENOLOGICAL STAGE AND BIOSTIMULANTS MODULATE THE RESIDENT MICROBIOME OF VITIS VINIFERA VAR. FLAME

Dr. Ali Asaff INNOVAK GLOBAL S.A. DE C.V.

12:30-12:45 O18 EVALUATION OF THE MICROBIAL INTEGRAL MODEL IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY OF THE SCARLOTTA VARIETY TABLE GRAPE.

Dr. Félix Fernandez Symborg

12:45-13:00 O19 EVALUATION OF MINERAL NUTRIENT LEVEL AND ITS EFFECT ON YIELD, FRUIT QUALITY PARAMETERS AND POST-HARVEST LIFE ON TIMCO™ AND SWEET GLOBE™ TABLE GRAPE CULTIVAR.

Mr. Víctor Giancaspero Uvanova



Session Crop Physiology and Vineyard Management (FISIO-B)




Room Plenary Room




14:30-14:45 O20 NITROGEN UPTAKE AND DISTRIBUTION IN CALIFORNIA TABLE GRAPES

Dr. Matthew Fidelibus University of California

14:45-15:00 O21 EFFECT OF PLASTIC COVERING ON EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN TABLE GRAPE VINEYARD

Prof. Laura de Palma University of Foggia (Italy)

15:00-15:15 O22 PLASTIC COVERS IN TABLE GRAPES. MICROCLIMATE CHANGES AND GRAPE QUALITY IN THE CENTRAL AREA OF CHILE

Mr. Gabriel Marfán Exportadora Subsole S.A

15:15-15:30 O23 TABLE GRAPES IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS: ACONCAGUA VALLEY EXPERIENCES

Mr. Carlos Zúñiga Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias

15:30-15:45 O24 USE OF THE SATELLITE AGRICULTURAL PLATFORM PLAS CHILE TO ESTIMATE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION, IRRIGATION NEEDS AND MONITORING WATER STATUS IN TABLE GRAPE

Dr. Claudio Balbontin Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias



Santiago - Chile.

31 I


Session Crop Physiology and Vineyard Management (FISIOp)




Room Costanera Room



- P16 PHENOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF MAYLEN® INIAGRAPE-ONE CV (VITIS VINIFERA) TABLE GRAPE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF NORTHERN CHILE: A LONG-TERM STUDY



- P18 CAN ROOTSTOCKS MODIFY OCCURRENCE DATE OF PHENOLOGICAL STAGES IN TABLE GRAPES?



- P19 FRUIT QUALITY AND NUTRICIONAL CONTENT CHARACTERIZATION IN TABLE GRAPE VARIETY CRIMSON SEEDLESS IN PRE-HARVEST

Mr. Jaime Otárola Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias

- P20 TABLE GRAPE PRODUCTION UTILIZING HIGH TUNNELS: A SUSTAINABLE APPROACH

Dr. M. Elena Garcia University of Arkansas

- P21 ROOTSTOCKS FOR THE NEW SEEDLESS TABLE GRAPE ‘BRS VITÓRIA’ UNDER TROPICAL SEMI-ARID CONDITIONS

Dr. Patrícia Leão Embrapa Semiárido

- P22 PLASTIC COVERS IN THE PRODUCTION OF TABLE GRAPES IN CENTRAL ZONE OF CHILE: EFFECTS ON MICROCLIMATE

Dr. Alexis Vergara Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias

- P23 PLASTIC COVER EFFECTS ON PHYSIOLOGY AND FRUIT QUALITY OF TWO TABLE GRAPE VARIETIES IN THE CENTRAL ZONE OF CHILE







- P24 IRRIGATION REDUCTION IN TABLE GRAPE PRODUCTION UNDER A PLASTIC COVER IN THE CENTRAL ZONE OF CHILE


- P25 EFFECTS OF THE COLOR OF PLASTIC COVERS ON BERRY RED COLOR DEVELOPMENT IN THE CENTRAL ZONE OF CHILE


- P26 UNRAVELLING THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF THE GRAPE RIPENING ENHANCEMENT INDUCED BY PHARMAMIN M, A COMMERCIAL BIOACTIVE PRODUCT BASED ON A SPECIFIC COMPLEX OF FREE AMINO ACIDS.

Dr. Maria Rosaria Stile ADRIATICA SpA

- P27 ROOTSTOCKS FOR TABLE GRAPE CULTIVAR BRS CLARA IN THE SÃO FRANCISCO VALLEY, NORTHEAST BRAZIL


- P28 PLASTICS IN THE TABLE GRAPE INDUSTRY, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Mr. Eduardo Maldonado INSUMOS FRUTICOLAS SA

- P29 YIELD PERFORMANCE AND FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF SEEDLESS TABLE GRAPES GENOTYPES IN THE SÃO FRANCISCO VALLEY, NORTHEAST BRAZIL


Session Crop Physiology and Vineyard Management (FISIOp)




Room Costanera Room



Santiago - Chile.

33 I

Session Crop Physiology and Vineyard Management (FISIO-C)




Room Plenary Room



09:15-09:30 O25 TABLE GRAPE ROOTSTOCKS: ACONCAGUA VALLEY EXPERIENCES

Mr. Carlos Zúñiga Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias

09:30-09:45 O26 ROOTSTOCKS FOR THE NEW SEEDLESS TABLE GRAPE ‘BRS ÍSIS’ UNDER TROPICAL SEMI-ARID CONDITIONS


09:45-10:00 O27 CRIMSON SEEDLESS PRODUCTION MANAGED WITH AND WITHOUT CHOOPED SHOOTS UNDER ZERO TILLAGE.

Mr. Carlos Sierra Bernal Consultor privado

10:00-10:15 O28 TROPICAL VITICULTURE. YEAR AROUND TABLE GRAPE PRODUCTION IN PIURA REGION. IS IT POSSIBLE?

Mr. Rodrigo Sapiain GESEX




Session Postharvest Technology and Fruit Quality (POSTp)




Room Costanera Room



- P30 FORMULATION OF FAST PHASE GENERATING PADS AFFECTS SULFUR αβ DIOXIDE EMISSION RATE

Dr. Juan Pablo Zoffoli P. Universidad Católica de Chile

- P31 THE EFFICACY OF UVASYS DUAL RELEASE SULPHUR DIOXIDE SHEETS IN COMBINATION WITH VARIOUS INTERNAL PACKAGING AGAINST BOTRYTIS DECAY OF ‘REGAL SEEDLESS’

Mr. Shaun Langenhoven Tessara (Pty) Ltd

- P32 HARPIN-PROTEIN: A BIOSTIMULANT FOR QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN TABLE GRAPES

Mr. Angel Marin Plant Health Care, España




Santiago - Chile.

35 I


Session Postharvest Technology and Fruit Quality (POST-A)




Room Plenary Room



11:30-11:45 O29 COMPARISON OF THE DEHYDRATION POTENTIAL OF TABLE GRAPE CULTIVARS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY

Dr. Juan Pablo Zoffoli P. Universidad Católica de Chile

11:45-12:00 O30 EFFECT OF CLUSTER THINNING ON POSTHARVEST ATTRIBUTES OF TABLE GRAPES GROWN IN A HIGH TUNNELS

Dr. M. Elena Garcia University of Arkansas

12:00-12:15 O31 PYRIMETHANIL AND FLUDIOXONIL IN PRE-HARVEST FOR THE POST-HARVEST MANAGEMENT OF ROT IN TABLE GRAPES CAUSED BY PENICILLIUM SP.

Mr. Fernando Riveros Consultor Independiente

12:15-12:30 O32 EVALUATION OF RECYCLABLE SO2 EMITTING LINER BAG IN PACKING EFFICIENCY, COOLING TIME, WATER LOSS AND BOTRYTIS CONTROL OF STORED GRAPES VARIETIES ARRA 15 AND CRIMSON SEEDLESS.

Mr. Sebastián Cáceres Quimas S.A.




Session Postharvest Technology and Fruit Quality (POST-B)




Room Plenary Room



14:45-15:00 O33 THE CHEMOSENSORY BASIS OF FLAVOR IN TABLE GRAPES

Dr. Amnon Lichter Department of Postharvest Science. The Volcani Center

15:00-15:15 O34 EFFECTS OF CLUSTER COVERING ON THE FRUIT QUALITY, AND VOLATILE COMPOSITION IN COLD-HARDY TABLE GRAPE

Ms. Laise Moreira University of Minnesota

15:15-15:30 O35 PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AFFECTS TEXTURE: STUDY IN A MOSCATEL DEALEJANDRÍA X CRIMSON SEEDLESS EXPERIMENTAL PROGENY.

Mr. Vicente Salas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

15:30-15:45 O36 EFFECTS OF FIELD TREATMENTS WITH DRY-K30 AND PHARMAMIN-M ON MECHANICAL PROPRIETIES AND COLOR OF GRAPE BERRIES AT HARVESTING AND DURING STORAGE

Mr. Antonio Domenico Marsico

CREA-Research Center Viticulture and Enology

15:45-16:00 O37 EVALUATION OF TABLE GRAPE QUALITY IN PACKAGES CONTAINING SO2 GENERATORS AND WEEKLY FUMIGATION WITH SO2.

Dr. Joseph Smilanick Independent plant pathology consultant



Santiago - Chile.

37 I


Session Reproductive Biology, Fruit Physiology and Development, Plant Growth Regulators (RBIOp)




Room Costanera Room



- P33 ROOT SYSTEM REGENERATION IN TABLE GRAPES IS INDUCED BY THE APPLICATION OF ROOTING®, AN AUXIN-BIOSTIMULANT FORMULATION.

Dr. Daniel Diaz Agroenzymas

- P34 STUDY OF THE SKIN POLYSACCHARIDES AND BERRY FIRMNESS OF FIVE TABLE GRAPE VARIETIES DURING THE RIPENING PERIOD.

Dr. Alvaro Peña Universidad de Chile

- P35 VARIETAL DIFFERENCES AMONG THE AROMATIC PROFILE OF BERRIES FROM FIVE TABLE GRAPE VARIETIES DURING THE RIPENING PERIOD AND STORAGE TIME.


- P36 VARIETAL DIFFERENCES AMONG THE ANTHOCYANIN AND NON-ANTHOCYANIN PHENOLIC COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF BERRIES FROM FOUR TABLE GRAPE VARIETIES DURING THE RIPENING PERIOD


- P37 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TEXTURE PROPERTIES OF THREE RED TABLE-GRAPE VARIETIES


- P38 THE EFFECTS OF EARLY SEASON FOLIAR SPRAYS OF SEAWEED PRODUCTS ON SHOOT LENGTH AND BUNCH ELONGATION OF CRIMSON SEEDLESS TABLE GRAPES

Mr. Pedro Larrain KELP PRODUCTS INTERNATIONAL (PTY) LTD

- P39 EFFECT OF CHANGE OF SOURCE/SINK RELATIONS ON ANTHOCYANIN AND AROMATIC COMPOSITION IN GRAPE BERRIES DURING RIPENING.


- P40 EFFECT OF CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM FOLIAR APPLICATIONS ON THE REDUCTION OF BUNCH STEM NECROSIS LEVEL IN SUGRATHIRTYFIVE GRAPES (AUTUMNCRISP® BRAND)

Mr. Hovav Weksler Sun World International LLC



Session Reproductive Biology, Fruit Physiology and Development, Plant Growth Regulators (RBIO)




Room Plenary Room



10:30-10:45 O38 DIFFERENTIAL CELL WALL METABOLISM IN CONTRASTING FIRMNESS TABLE GRAPES DURING DEVELOPMENT RIPENING AND POSTHARVEST

Dr. Reinaldo Campos Vargas

Universidd Andres Bello

10:45-11:00 O39 ANTHOCYANIN ACCUMULATION IN ‘BENITAKA’ TABLE GRAPE SKINS TREATED WITH ABSCISIC ACID AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF BERRY RIPENING

Dr. Sergio Roberto Londrina State University

11:00-11:15 O40 EFFECTS OF ECKLONIA MAXIMA SEAWEED EXTRACT SPRAYS IN COMBINATION WITH FORCHLORFENURON ON QUALITY OF ELEVEN TABLE GRAPE VARIETIES

Mr. Pedro Larrain KELP PRODUCTS INTERNATIONAL (PTY) LTD

11:15-11:30 O41 BRASSINOSTEROIDS AS A TOOL TO IM-PROVE COLOR IN ‘REDGLOBE’ BERRIES

Dr. Alexis Vergara PUC

11:30-11:45 O42 CURRENT STATUS OF RED TABLE GRAPES COLOR CONTROL KNOWLEDGE

Dr. M. Cecilia Peppi Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias

11:45-12:00 O43 USE OF BIOSTIMULANTS AND ROOTING SUBSTANCES ON TABLE GRAPE NUTRIENT ASSIMILATION EFFICIENCY, YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY

Mr. Roberto Navarrete INNOVAK GLOBAL S.A. DE C.V.




Santiago - Chile.

39 IPROGRAM BOOK AND ABSTRACTS I39

Vitanica® RZ:Bio inoculante de acción preventiva frente a enfermedades fúngicas.• Contiene Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens (cepa R6-CDX) en concentración de 1,6x109. • Enriquecido con extracto de alga Ecklonia maxima.• Bacillus previene ataque de patógenos en las plantas, fruta, follaje y raíces.• Refuerza el crecimiento radicular y establecimiento de los cultivos.• Probada acción preventiva contra Botritis y Pudrición ácida.

www.compo-expert.cl

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COMPO Simposio (21,59x14).pdf 1 20-01-2020 9:04:19



ORALS 46

GEN-A) GRAPEVINE BREEDING, GENETICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 46 O01) IMPACT OF UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS TABLE GRAPE GENETIC ADVANCES 46

O02) COLD-HARDY TABLE GRAPES IN MINNESOTA 47

O03) SPEEDING UP TABLE GRAPE BREEDING BY DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF

HIGH-THROUGHPUT TOOLS 48

O04) SEEDLING SELECTION WITH AMPSEQ ENRICHES POPULATIONS FOR

SEEDLESSNESS, MUSCAT AROMA, AND POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE 49

O05) ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES BASED UPON TOLERANT ROOTSTOCKS DEVELOPMENT

FOR ABIOTIC STRESS TOLERANCE IN GRAPEVINES FROM NORTHERN CHILE 50

GEN-B) GRAPEVINE BREEDING, GENETICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 51 O06) SEARCH FOR MARKERS ASSOCIATED TO BERRY SIZE IN TABLE GRAPE:

NEW SSRS DERIVED FROM SNPS AND INDELS INTENDED FOR MARKER

ASSISTED SELECTION 51

O07) IDENTIFICATION OF QUANTITATIVE TRAIT GENES USING GLOBAL GENE

EXPRESSION ANALYSIS AND FINE QTL ANALYSIS FOR BERRY TEXTURAL

PROPERTIES IN TABLE GRAPES 52

O08) VARIETAL RECOGNITION THROUGH SATELLITE MULTISPETTRIC IMAGES IN

TABLE GRAPES 53

O09) DIFFERENCES IN BERRY PRIMARY AND SECONDARY METABOLISMS IDENTIFIED

BY TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND METABOLIC PROFILING OF TWO TABLE GRAPE COLOR

SOMATIC VARIANTS 54

O10) THE CALM BEFORE THE STORM: GRAPE BERRY CUTICLE AS A SOURCE OF

RESISTANCE AGAINST BOTRYTIS CINEREA 55

PPROT) PLANT PROTECTION 56 O11) EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ACARICIDES IN THE CONTROL OF

COLOMERUS VITIS (PAGENSTECHER) (ACARINA: ERYOPHIDAE), IN TABLE GRAPES

IN THE ELQUI VALLEY, COQUIMBO REGION 56

O12) PLANT EXTRACTS; AN IMPORTANT ANTI-RESISTANCE STRATEGY TO PROTECT

THE EFFICACY OF BOTRYTIS FUNGICIDES IN TABLE GRAPES 57

O13) MIRAVIS PRIME, A NEW SOLUTION FOR AN EFFECTIVE CONTROL OF

BOTRYTIS IN GRAPES 58

O14) CONTROL OF GRAPEVINE POWDERY MILDEW BY THE HYBRID FUNGICIDE REGEV™ 59

O15) OCCURRENCE OF YOUNG GRAPEVINE DISEASES IN NEW TABLE GRAPE

VARIETIES IN CHILE 60

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS



Santiago - Chile.

41 I

FISIO-A) CROP PHYSIOLOGY AND VINEYARD MANAGEMENT 61 O16) VITICULTURAL CLIMATIC INDICES AS A PREDICTOR OF HARVEST DATE OF

TABLE GRAPES (VITIS VINIFERA) IN NORTHERN CHILE 61

O17) HOW PHENOLOGICAL STAGE AND BIOSTIMULANTS MODULATE THE RESIDENT

MICROBIOME OF VITIS VINIFERA VAR. FLAME 62

O18) EVALUATION OF THE MICROBIAL INTEGRAL MODEL IN THE DEVELOPMENT

AND PRODUCTIVITY OF THE SCARLOTTA VARIETY TABLE GRAPE. 63

O19) EVALUATION OF MINERAL NUTRIENT LEVEL AND ITS EFFECT ON YIELD,

FRUIT QUALITY PARAMETERS AND POST-HARVEST LIFE ON TIMCO™ AND

SWEET GLOBE™ TABLE GRAPE CULTIVAR. 64

FISIO-B) CROP PHYSIOLOGY AND VINEYARD MANAGEMENT 65 O20) NITROGEN UPTAKE AND DISTRIBUTION IN CALIFORNIA TABLE GRAPES 65

O21) EFFECT OF PLASTIC COVERING ON EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN TABLE GRAPE VINEYARD 66

O22) PLASTIC COVERS IN TABLE GRAPES. MICROCLIMATE CHANGES AND

GRAPE QUALITY IN THE CENTRAL AREA OF CHILE 67

O23) TABLE GRAPES IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS: ACONCAGUA VALLEY EXPERIENCES 68

O24) USE OF THE SATELLITE AGRICULTURAL PLATFORM PLAS CHILE TO ESTIMATE

EVAPOTRANSPIRATION, IRRIGATION NEEDS AND MONITORING WATER STATUS

IN TABLE GRAPE 69

FISIO-C) CROP PHYSIOLOGY AND VINEYARD MANAGEMENT 70 O25) TABLE GRAPE ROOTSTOCKS: ACONCAGUA VALLEY EXPERIENCES 70

O26) ROOTSTOCKS FOR THE NEW SEEDLESS TABLE GRAPE ‘BRS ÍSIS’ UNDER TROPICAL

SEMI-ARID CONDITIONS 71

O27) CRIMSON SEEDLESS PRODUCTION MANAGED WITH AND WITHOUT CHOOPED

SHOOTS UNDER ZERO TILLAGE. 72

O28) TROPICAL VITICULTURE. YEAR AROUND TABLE GRAPE PRODUCTION IN PIURA

REGION. IS IT POSSIBLE? 73

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS



POST-A) POSTHARVEST TECHNOLOGY AND FRUIT QUALITY 73 O29) COMPARISON OF THE DEHYDRATION POTENTIAL OF TABLE GRAPE

CULTIVARS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY 73

O30) EFFECT OF CLUSTER THINNING ON POSTHARVEST ATTRIBUTES OF TABLE

GRAPES GROWN IN A HIGH TUNNELS 74

O31) PYRIMETHANIL AND FLUDIOXONIL IN PRE-HARVEST FOR THE POST-HARVEST

MANAGEMENT OF ROT IN TABLE GRAPES CAUSED BY PENICILLIUM SP. 75

O32) EVALUATION OF RECYCLABLE SO2 EMITTING LINER BAG IN PACKING EFFICIENCY,

COOLING TIME, WATER LOSS AND BOTRYTIS CONTROL OF STORED GRAPES

VARIETIES ARRA 15 AND CRIMSON SEEDLESS. 76

POST-B) POSTHARVEST TECHNOLOGY AND FRUIT QUALITY 77 O33) THE CHEMOSENSORY BASIS OF FLAVOR IN TABLE GRAPES 77

O34) EFFECTS OF CLUSTER COVERING ON THE FRUIT QUALITY, AND VOLATILE

COMPOSITION IN COLD-HARDY TABLE GRAPE 78

O35) PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AFFECTS TEXTURE: STUDY IN A MOSCATEL

DE ALEJANDRÍA X CRIMSON SEEDLESS EXPERIMENTAL PROGENY. 79

O36) EFFECTS OF FIELD TREATMENTS WITH DRY-K30 AND PHARMAMIN-M ON

MECHANICAL PROPRIETIES AND COLOR OF GRAPE BERRIES AT HARVESTING

AND DURING STORAGE 80

O37) EVALUATION OF TABLE GRAPE QUALITY IN PACKAGES CONTAINING SO2

GENERATORS AND WEEKLY FUMIGATION WITH SO2. 81

RBIO) REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY, FRUIT PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT, PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS 82 O38) DIFFERENTIAL CELL WALL METABOLISM IN CONTRASTING FIRMNESS TABLE

GRAPES DURING DEVELOPMENT RIPENING AND POSTHARVEST 82

O39) ANTHOCYANIN ACCUMULATION IN ‘BENITAKA’ TABLE GRAPE SKINS TREATED

WITH ABSCISIC ACID AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF BERRY RIPENING 83

O40) EFFECTS OF ECKLONIA MAXIMA SEAWEED EXTRACT SPRAYS IN COMBINATION

WITH FORCHLORFENURON ON QUALITY OF ELEVEN TABLE GRAPE VARIETIES 84

O41) BRASSINOSTEROIDS AS A TOOL TO IMPROVE COLOR IN ‘REDGLOBE’ BERRIES 85

O42) CURRENT STATUS OF RED TABLE GRAPES COLOR CONTROL KNOWLEDGE 85

O43) USE OF BIOSTIMULANTS AND ROOTING SUBSTANCES ON TABLE GRAPE

NUTRIENT ASSIMILATION EFFICIENCY, YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY 86

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS



Santiago - Chile.

43 I

POSTERS 87

GENP) GRAPEVINE BREEDING, GENETICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 87 P01) IMIDA-ITUM BREEDING PROGRAM, TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY 87

P02) BERRY SIZE GENETIC ARCHITECTURE REVEALED BY FINE AND EXHAUSTIVE

QTL MAPPING ANALYSIS 88

P03) INIA-G2: A NEW CHILEAN TABLE GRAPE CULTIVAR 88

P04) INIA-G3: NEW MUSCAT TABLE GRAPE 89

P05) DEVELOPMENT OF RESISTANT TO POWDERY MILDEW (ERYSIPHE NECATOR)

TABLE GRAPE CULTIVARS (VITIS VINIFERA) BY THE INTRODUCTION OF REN1RUN1

GENES THROUGH BACKCROSSING METHOD 90

PPROTP) PLANT PROTECTION 91 P06) GRAPEVINE TRUNK FUNGAL DISEASES IN CAUQUENES AND ITATA VALLEYS 91

P07) DETERMINATION OF TEMPERATURES, MINIMUM, MAXIMUM THRESHOLD

AND ACCUMULATION OF DEGREE DAYS (ADD) OF A GENERATION UNDER

CONTROLLED CONDITIONS IN THE LABORATORY OF LOBESIA BOTRANA

(DENIS & SCHIFFERMÜLLER) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) 92

P08) DETERMINATION OF NATURAL PARASITISM, IN PUPAS OF LOBESIA BOTRANA

([DENIS & SCHIFFERMÜLLER]) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), COLLECTED IN

INIA MONITORING STATIONS 92

P09) HOST RESPONSE OF GRAPE ROOTSTOCKS TO PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES

UNDER REPLANT CONDITIONS 93

P10) GENERATION OF WARNING SYSTEMS OF ESTABLISHMENT, DEVELOPMENT

AND TIMELY CONTROL OF LOBESIA BOTRANA (D. & S.)

(LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) IN THE ATACAMA REGION 94

P11) MITIGATION OF POWDERY MILDEW FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE ON TABLE

GRAPE PRODUCTION IN CALIFORNIA 95

P12) USE OF VITANICA RZ AS A BIOLOGICAL TOOL FOR CONTROL OF DECAY

IN TABLE GRAPES CV. TIMCO. 96

P13) AN EFFICIENT METHODOLOGY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GRAPEVINE RUPESTRIS

STEM PITTING ASSOCIATED VIRUS-FREE ROOTSTOCKS 97

P14) DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR LOBESIA

BOTRANA IN VINES: ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI AND BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS

AT THE SERVICE OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE 98

P15) EFFECTIVENESS OF MAMULL (TRICHODERMA SPP. Y BIONECTRIA SPP.)

IN THE CONTROL OF TRUNK WOOD DISEASE IN TABLE GRAPE. 98

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS



FISIOP) CROP PHYSIOLOGY AND VINEYARD MANAGEMENT 99 P16) PHENOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF MAYLEN® INIAGRAPE-ONE CV (VITIS VINIFERA)

TABLE GRAPE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF NORTHERN CHILE: A LONG-TERM STUDY 99

P18) CAN ROOTSTOCKS MODIFY OCCURRENCE DATE OF PHENOLOGICAL STAGES

IN TABLE GRAPES? 100

P19) FRUIT QUALITY AND NUTRICIONAL CONTENT CHARACTERIZATION IN TABLE

GRAPE VARIETY CRIMSON SEEDLESS IN PRE-HARVEST 101

P20) TABLE GRAPE PRODUCTION UTILIZING HIGH TUNNELS: A SUSTAINABLE APPROACH 102

P21) ROOTSTOCKS FOR THE NEW SEEDLESS TABLE GRAPE ‘BRS VITÓRIA’ UNDER

TROPICAL SEMI-ARID CONDITIONS 103

P22) PLASTIC COVERS IN THE PRODUCTION OF TABLE GRAPES IN CENTRAL ZONE

OF CHILE: EFFECTS ON MICROCLIMATE 104

P23) PLASTIC COVER EFFECTS ON PHYSIOLOGY AND FRUIT QUALITY OF TWO TABLE

GRAPE VARIETIES IN THE CENTRAL ZONE OF CHILE 104

P24) IRRIGATION REDUCTION IN TABLE GRAPE PRODUCTION UNDER A PLASTIC COVER

IN THE CENTRAL ZONE OF CHILE 105

P25) EFFECTS OF THE COLOR OF PLASTIC COVERS ON BERRY RED COLOR DEVELOPMENT

IN THE CENTRAL ZONE OF CHILE 105

P26) UNRAVELLING THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF THE GRAPE RIPENING ENHANCEMENT

INDUCED BY PHARMAMIN M, A COMMERCIAL BIOACTIVE PRODUCT BASED ON A

SPECIFIC COMPLEX OF FREE AMINO ACIDS. 106

P27) ROOTSTOCKS FOR TABLE GRAPE CULTIVAR BRS CLARA IN THE SÃO FRANCISCO VALLEY,

NORTHEAST BRAZIL 107

P28) PLASTICS IN THE TABLE GRAPE INDUSTRY, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES 108

P29) YIELD PERFORMANCE AND FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF SEEDLESS TABLE GRAPES

GENOTYPES IN THE SÃO FRANCISCO VALLEY, NORTHEAST BRAZIL 109

POSTP) POSTHARVEST TECHNOLOGY AND FRUIT QUALITY 110 P30) FORMULATION OF FAST PHASE GENERATING PADS AFFECTS SULFUR DIOXIDE

EMISSION RATE 110

P31) THE EFFICACY OF UVASYS DUAL RELEASE SULPHUR DIOXIDE SHEETS IN

COMBINATION WITH VARIOUS INTERNAL PACKAGING AGAINST BOTRYTIS DECAY

OF ‘REGAL SEEDLESS’ 111

P32) HARPIN- αβ PROTEIN: A BIOSTIMULANT FOR QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN TABLE GRAPES 112

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS



Santiago - Chile.

45 I

RBIOP) REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY, FRUIT PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT, PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS 113 P33) ROOT SYSTEM REGENERATION IN TABLE GRAPES IS INDUCED BY THE APPLICATION

OF ROOTING®, AN AUXIN-BIOSTIMULANT FORMULATION. 113

P34) STUDY OF THE SKIN POLYSACCHARIDES AND BERRY FIRMNESS OF FIVE TABLE GRAPE

VARIETIES DURING THE RIPENING PERIOD. 114

P35) VARIETAL DIFFERENCES AMONG THE AROMATIC PROFILE OF BERRIES FROM FIVE

TABLE GRAPE VARIETIES DURING THE RIPENING PERIOD AND STORAGE TIME. 115

P36) VARIETAL DIFFERENCES AMONG THE ANTHOCYANIN AND NON-ANTHOCYANIN

PHENOLIC COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF BERRIES FROM FOUR

TABLE GRAPE VARIETIES DURING THE RIPENING PERIOD 116

P37) COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TEXTURE PROPERTIES OF THREE RED TABLE-GRAPE VARIETIES 117

P38) THE EFFECTS OF EARLY SEASON FOLIAR SPRAYS OF SEAWEED PRODUCTS ON

SHOOT LENGTH AND BUNCH ELONGATION OF CRIMSON SEEDLESS TABLE GRAPES 118

P39) EFFECT OF CHANGE OF SOURCE/SINK RELATIONS ON ANTHOCYANIN AND AROMATIC

COMPOSITION IN GRAPE BERRIES DURING RIPENING. 119

P40) EFFECT OF CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM FOLIAR APPLICATIONS ON THE REDUCTION OF

BUNCH STEM NECROSIS LEVEL IN SUGRATHIRTYFIVE GRAPES (AUTUMNCRISP® BRAND) 120

Index by Title 121

Index by Author 126

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS



GEN-A) GRAPEVINE BREEDING, GENETICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

O01) IMPACT OF UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS TABLE GRAPE GENETIC ADVANCES Clark, J.(1); (1): University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, US

Background and AimsTable grape breeding was initiated at the University of Arkansas (UA) in 1964. Arkansas has a different clima-te than California. Located in the upper South, Arkansas has a continental climate that includes annual rain-fall of 1100 mm, summer temperatures of 35C, and cold temperatures down to -17C. Major diseases include black rot, powdery mildew, and downy mildew. Fruit cracking is common, as summer rains routinely occur during harvest. To expand the use of the Arkansas genetic advances, a cooperative breeding effort was be-gun in 2002 with International Fruit Genetics (IFG) in California.

Experimental Procedure and ResultsClimatic adaption required the diversification of breeding germplasm to include the native US species Vitis labrusca and hybrids derived from this species in combination with V. vinifera. The Arkansas program fo-cused heavily on selecting for improved texture and flavor combinations for over 50 years.The UA effort has resulted in 13 table grape cultivars including Jupiter, Neptune, Faith, Hope, Joy, Gratitude, and Compassion. These cultivars include slipskin and non-slipskin textures, as well as fruity and non-fruity flavor profiles. The pinnacle of achievement is ‘Compassion’, which has crisp texture, unique fruity flavor, and fruit cracking re-sistance. The IFG cooperation allowed the UA germplasm diversity for flavor, cracking resistance, elongated fruit shape, and large natural berry size to be combined with pure V. vinifera. The most important result from the cooperation has been the cultivar Cotton Candy®. Other important developments from Arkansas parents include Funny Fingers®, Candy Hearts®, Candy Crunch®, Candy Drops®, and Candy Dreams®.

Discussion and SignificanceThe primary goal of the UA program was to provide cultivars adapted to the eastern US for local markets. This has been achieved, and seedless table grapes are commonly found in local grower markets. The IFG cooperative developments extend across the US and world markets. The timing of these new cultivars has been important, as consumers and marketers have a strong desire to have unique products, especially for flavor. This has provided for diversified choices for consumers as well as growers and marketers.

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O02) COLD-HARDY TABLE GRAPES IN MINNESOTA

Treiber, E.(1); Moreira, L.(1); Clark, M.(1); (1): University of Minnesota, St. Paul, USA

The University of Minnesota Grape Breeding and Enology program has over 40 years of experience develo-ping cold-hardy wine grape varieties, which has contributed to the growth of the wine grape industry in the Midwest. However, research efforts have recently expanded to include the development of cold-hardy seed-less table grapes through embryo rescue techniques and marker-assisted selection (MAS). This new em-phasis on table grapes is in response to growers’ interest in producing sustainable, locally produced foods for direct to consumer markets. Currently, ‘Somerset Seedless’ and a few Elmer Swenson varieties are grown commercially in this state. The main limitation is cold-tolerance, where temperatures can reliably reach -35 °C and breeding efforts will promote the development of cultivars more adapted to this environment. Vitis riparia and V. labrusca contribute to the genetics for cold-hardiness. However, each of these species has fa-vorable attributes (disease resistance and unique flavor profiles), but also negative traits such as high acidity, slip-skin, seeds, and an “herbaceous” flavor profile. Stenospermocarpic seedlessness has been introduced through ‘Thompson Seedless’ variety and is a target of MAS at the SDI locus. This project evaluates new breeding lines for cold-hardiness, disease and pest resistance, fruit and post-harvest qualities of advanced lines for the suitability for variety release. This year we are assessing the fruit quality attributes (berry weight, splitting, rachis decay, and shattering) of 49 varieties of table grapes and storing 30 of those for post-harvest data collection. The results of this project will give new insight into the development of seedless table grape cultivars more adapted to cold regions.

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O03) SPEEDING UP TABLE GRAPE BREEDING BY DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF HIGH-THROUGHPUT TOOLS

Barba, P.(1); Pedroso, I.(2); García, M.(1); Pinolef, A.(1); Belemmi, F.(3); Cid, P.(3); (1): Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Santiago, Chile (2): Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santia-go, Chile (3): No afiliado, Santiago, Chile

Plant Breeding is a number’s game. To satisfy grower, exporters and consumer’s demands, new table grape varieties need to combine tens of traits. Breeders use large populations from which the very best seedlings should be selected. Although INIA-Biofrutales’ Breeding program has just recently started to protect va-rieties, such as Maylen ®, INIA-G2 and INIA-G3, several strategies have been implemented to speed up and optimize the crossing and selection process over an increasing number of seedlings produced each year.Our strategies include seedling pre-selection based on biomarkers (Marker assisted selection or MAS), hi-gh-throughput phenotyping, genotyping and cloud-based phenotyping apps for field data acquisition.Basic research has shown that some characters with high heritability are controlled by few sites on the gra-pevine genome, being suitable for pre-selection based on laboratory assays or biomarkers. We implemen-ted MAS for discarding plants with lignified seeds, reaching 90% of our seedlings analyzed each year. With this strategy between 20 to 45% of each family is discarded before reach the vineyard.We also seek to understand the genetic architecture of other relevant traits, such as berry size and sha-pe, cluster and rachis color. To achieve this goal, we developed a simple software, Berry Analyzer v2, for high-throughput characterization of berries, clusters and rachis based on laboratory image analysis. Berry Analyzer is freely available at https://github.com/PhenotypeLab. Combined with genotyping-by-sequencing data, regions of the grapevine genome controlling these traits have been detected, and bioassay discovery for MAS is underway.Finally, the app vinetracker allows the breeding program crew to record phenotypic data, pictures and notes on real time. Along with pedigree information, breeding values of new parents were determined for harvest and pre-harvest traits.For a growing breeding program, development and adoption of technologies is key to comply increasing internal demands. In our experience, adoption of MAS and parental characterization through traditional and genomic-supported genetics has proven useful for speeding up and optimize this process.Authors acknowledge the support from CORFO 09PMG-7229 and FONDECYT 11161044

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O04) SEEDLING SELECTION WITH AMPSEQ ENRICHES POPULATIONS FOR SEEDLESSNESS, MUSCAT AROMA, AND POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE

Clark, M.(1); Treiber, E.(1); Karn, A.(2); Zou, C.(3); Cote, L.(4); Reisch, B.(5); Cadle-davidson, L.(6); (1): Dept. of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, USA (2): School of Integrated Plant Scien-ce, Cornell University, Geneva, USA (3): BRC Bioinformatics Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell Univer-sity, Ithaca, USA (4): Institue of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA (5): School of Integrated Plant Science, Cornell AgriTech, Cornell University, Geneva, USA (6): USDA-ARS Grape Genetics Research Unit, Ge-neva, USA

Marker assisted seedling selection (MASS) can accelerate plant breeding by enriching germplasm for spe-cific traits while culling individuals predicted to perform poorly based on DNA tests. Amplicon sequencing (AmpSeq) and rhAmpSeq have been developed in grapevine for locus specific and whole-genome genoty-ping using highly multiplexed next-generation sequencing to reduce per-sample costs. Stenospermocar-pic seedlessness at the SDI locus, muscat aroma (DXS), and powdery mildew resistance (Run1, Ren3, Ren9, Ren10) have been targets for MASS in the University of Minnesota grape breeding program. Markers were developed based on previously characterized SSRs, GBS-derived SNPs, candidate genes, and polymorphis-ms identified in a set of grape core genomes. The target populations were created from crosses of seeded female × seedless pollen donors and germinated from mature seed without embryo rescue. In 2019, seed-lings were screened soon after greenhouse germination using DNA isolated from young leaves. When avai-lable, parents were also screened with the marker platform to assist in haplotype calling and tracing mar-ker haplotypes identical by descent. The DNA tests confirmed the presence of the favorable SDI haplotype that had been introgressed from ‘Thompson Seedless’. Nine hundred fourteen seedlings were screened for seedlessness from 14 families, and 23.0% were retained for the favorable haplotype at SDI. This culling rate was higher than anticipated (50%) and may be due to poor marker calls, missing data, stray pollen or other biological phenomena. Validation of the linkage will need to be tested when the seedlings begin fruiting in 3 to 4 years. The Ren3 haplotype appears to be fixed in some of the cold-hardy breeding lines, including ‘Itasca’. Seedlings derived from the advanced, pistillate selection MN1264, which carries Ren3 and Ren10, had allele frequencies in the offspring of 42.2% and 58.9%, respectively. The favorable DXS haplotype was present in 35.2% of the samples tested at the muscat aroma locus. Improvement of AmpSeq using rhAmp-Seq chemistry and rigorous marker optimization may improve the reliability of marker-trait associations to accelerate genetic gain. Funding from VitisGen2 a grant from USDA NIFA SCRI Award No. 2017- 51181-26829, is gratefully acknowledged.

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O05) ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES BASED UPON TOLERANT ROOTSTOCKS DEVELOPMENT FOR ABIOTIC STRESS TOLERANCE IN GRAPEVINES FROM NORTHERN CHILE

Zurita-silva, A.(1); Ibacache González, A.(1); Verdugo-vásquez, N.(1); (1): Instituto de de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA, Centro Regional de Investigación Intihuasi, La Sere-na, Chile

Viticulture is facing several constrains increased by climate change, such as shifts in heat and precipitation regimes and drought events. The paramount relevance of root systems is their fundamental role at the interface between grapevine and soil for water uptake and nutrient uptake. The aim is developing and un-derstanding the Rootstocks role as strategy for enhancing performance and tolerance of abiotic stresses as adaptation to Climate Crisis. Understanding interactions among cultivars, rootstocks in grapevines has been assessed in Vitis cultivars comparing available and own-developed rootstocks, from pot to field expe-riments. In hyper-arid Coquimbo region, Vitis cultivars grafted onto Rootstocks were assessed under abiotic constrains (water deficit, salinity and boron) for assessing contrasts and performance under water deficit, and nutrient levels in grafted cultivars. Our current approach is to analyze fitness in multi-scale proxy, from tissues to field, including rootstock-driven effects on phenology, morphology, physiology, productivity and transcriptomic level. Effects of water deficit reduced over functional traits will be presented. Transcriptomic analysis by RNA-Seq was further performed in contrasting grafted cultivars over naturalized rootstock, de-termining gene up- regulation, revealing major transcriptional changes occurring at root level, suggesting scion-driven transcriptional regulation in response to stress. Additionally, differences in nutrient uptake and distribution leading to fulfil productive demands or to reach toxicity levels and influence by rootstocks’ ab-sorption capability or affinity for specific nutrients is also presented. Responses influencing scion growth as adaptive response to abiotic challenges, modulation of vine growth and expression of productivity potential and attributes of cultivar in respective terroir will be shown, allowing optimal rootstocks selection as strategy to cope with increasing environmental challenges due to climate change.

Acknowledgements. CONICYT–Fondecyt Regular [Grant Nº 1140039 2014/INIA], and support of Instituto de Investigaciones Agro-pecuarias –INIA for long-term experiments.

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GEN-B) GRAPEVINE BREEDING, GENETICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

O06) SEARCH FOR MARKERS ASSOCIATED TO BERRY SIZE IN TABLE GRAPE: NEW SSRS DERIVED FROM SNPS AND INDELS INTENDED FOR MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION

Burgos, M.(1); Jiménez, P.(1); Bustos, S.(1); Castro, M.(1); Salazar, E.(1); Barba, P.(1); Mejía, N.(1); Muñoz-espinoza, C.(1); Hinrichsen, P.(1); (1): Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA La Platina, Santiago, Chile

The multiple domestication events that occurred in grapevine (from the Caucasus to Central-South Europe) derived in very different phenotypes. Representatives of the two main types are table and wine grape, con-trasting in a list of characteristics among which berry size is one of most relevant. In the case of table grapes, growers tended to select larger berries and clusters, in contrast to wine varieties, harboring small seeded berries, (enriched in a large family of anti-oxidant pigments. Berry size is one of the main selection criteria for table grape breeding; therefore, we decided to study their genetic determinants, in search of markers that could be used to implement a molecular-based selection scheme, as was done for seedlessness. In a first step, we identified a group of 30 SNP and eight InDel markers distributed on eight chromosomes, as-sociated to berry size at some degree. These markers, however, are technically difficult to implement at a hi-gh-throughput scale (thousands of samples analyzed per season), as a breeding program requires. Then, we decided to move to an analytically simpler platform, such as microsatellites. Also, we included at this stage 10 candidate genes located on nine chromosomes that have been linked to berry size by different research groups. An in-silico search for the presence of SSRs in the periphery (1 Mb) of each marker and gene yielded a list of over 400 SSRs. These SSRs were evaluated for amplification quality and polymorphism in a testing set of four genotypes, and the selected ones were tested on 12 cultivars and segregante lines, representing large vs. small berry size genotypes. In this way, 34 SSRs were selected and evaluated on three different populations: two crossings (‘Ruby’ x ‘Sultanina’, and ‘Muscat of Alexandria’ x ‘Crimson’) and a set of 94 culti-vars. The association analyses, currently in progress, was showing partial associations of specific alleles with smaller or larger berries. The applicability of these markers as selection tools for breeding will be discussed.Financed by CONICYT, grants FONDECYT 1171378 (PH) and postdoc FONDECYT 3150519 (CME).

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O07) IDENTIFICATION OF QUANTITATIVE TRAIT GENES USING GLOBAL GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS AND FINE QTL ANALYSIS FOR BERRY TEXTURAL PROPERTIES IN TABLE GRAPES

Núñez, R.(1); Ocarez, N.(1); Jiménez, N.(1); Lagrèze, J.(1); Osorio, D.(1); Salas, V.(1); Deffilippi, B.(1); Mejía, N.(1); (1): Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Santiago, Chile Firmness is one of the main sensorial attributes, related to quality, that can be assessed by instrumental texture analysis in table grapes. Textural properties have a lot of potentialities but there are very little clues about its biological or genetical basis. The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic architecture of textural properties in table grapes and to combine it with transcriptome differential expression analysis to reduce the apparent complexity of this trait. Based on an experimental F1 bi-parental population (n = 580) derived from the cross of Muscat of Alexandria x Crimson Seedless (MA x CS) that was characterized at ge-netic level with more than 3,000 SNPs and phenotypically by six textural parameters captured by a double cycle compression test over four seasons, we performed a fine QTL mapping analysis based on phenotypic data and best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) values. Results revealed the existence of up to 54 sma-ll-effect loci that contribute stably to the phenotype, 22 of them unique, significant and stable. Within these unique QTLs, 1,842 genes are susceptible to explain the phenotype. Additionally, firmness was analyzed along fruit development in selected seedlings of the MA x CS progeny that presented opposing phenotypes at harvest. Pre véraison resulted in the stage were soft and firm berries differentiated and thus a transcriptomic analysis was performed in this stage comparing five firm and five soft seedlings as biological replicates. Differential expression analysis showed 482 genes that are differen-tially expressed (FDR < 0.05), enrichment analyses based on pathways and gene ontologies showed that the biological processes and pathways that were significantly overrepresented in soft berries are related to auxins, secondary cell wall associated-processes, and flavonoid regulation and synthesis. Common genes to QTL and RNAseq datasets unveils 21 genes that include three genes involved in auxins biosynthesis and signaling, gibberellin biosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism and transport and cell wall metabolism. This knowledge is of great value for the future establishment of predictive methodologies for breeding and agronomic management practices. Financed by FONDEF G09i1007, FONDECYT 1170586 and INNOVA 09PMG7229.

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O08) VARIETAL RECOGNITION THROUGH SATELLITE MULTISPETTRIC IMAGES IN TABLE GRAPES

Di Lorenzo, R.(1); Scafidi, P.(2); Santangelo, T.(1); Pisciotta, A.(1); (1): Dep. of Agriculture, Food and Forest Science, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Palermo, Italy (2): International Fruit Genetics, Bakersfield, USA

Background and AimsSeveral classification methods are proposed for the correct discrimination of objects present on the Earth surface. Many of these methods drive the classification to a varietal level within the single species of Vitis vinifera L.. The different solutions of the classifications are adapted to the technology used for the acquisi-tion of spectral signatures rather than to the characteristics and to the spectral variability that the observed object can manifest. The present work proposes a method of varieties classification within the cultivated vi-neyard surfaces. This method involves the use of multi-spectral images (8 bands) acquired on a WorldView-3 platform in an Australian test area, covering a total area of approximately 14 km2, mainly cultivated with 7 different table grapes varieties. The study involves the conjugation of a traditional supervised classification method with an iterative process of pairwise comparisons of spectral signatures. Image was first corrected in radiance and reflectance, than a NDVI<0.65 filter was applied. This filter allowed the varietal comparison between spectral signatures of grape pixels. Subsequently, for each pair of comparative cultivars, the respec-tive spectral signatures were analyzed.

Experimental Procedure and Main ResultsThe results showed that of the eight spectral bands acquired the 7th and the 8th show the most stable as discriminating between the varieties. Finally, the “pair” comparisons allowed for the identification of the following types of plots for each variety examined, in three iterative “steps”: “belonging” to the variety, “not belonging” to the variety and “uncertain”. The results on the efficiency of the proposed methodology were found on a variety (IFG Six) of which the exact location of a statistically significant number of plots is known.

Discussion and Significance of the Study The results show that this classification methodology determined the exact identification of 90% of the plots classified as “belonging” to the IFG Six variety. The method can represent efficiency in the discrimination of varieties only in the conditions of high vegetative development of the plants, with the presence of any other cover crops.

Acknowledgements We are grateful to IFG for having initiated this research and for the support provided.

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O09) DIFFERENCES IN BERRY PRIMARY AND SECONDARY METABOLISMS IDENTIFIED BY TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND METABOLIC PROFILING OF TWO TABLE GRAPE COLOR SOMATIC VARIANTS

Santibáñez, C.(1)(5); Meyer, C.(1); Martínez, L.(1); Moyano, T.(2); Lunn, J.(3); Feil, R.(3); Dai, Z.(4); Hilbert, G.(4); Renaud, C.(4); Delrot, S.(4); Manke Nachtigall, F.(5); Matus, J.(6); Gomès, E.(4); Arce-johnson, P.(1); (1): Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Mi-crobiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (2): FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Systems and Synthetic Biolo-gy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Univer-sidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (3): Max Plant Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Golm, Germany (4): Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, INRA, UMR 1287 Ecophysiology and Functional Genomic of Grapevine, Villenave d’Ornon, France (5): Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile (6): Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio) CSIC-UV, Parc Científic de la Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain

Anthocyanins are flavonoids responsible for the color of pigmented grapevine berries and their accumula-tion is tightly regulated by environmental factors and developmental mechanisms. Due to its widely adop-ted vegetative propagation, somatic mutations occurring in meristematic cell layers can be fixed and passed into the plants being generated from the propagation material. Despite many grape color somatic variants are being commercially produced and described in literature, few studies have focused on their transcrip-tomic and metabolic differences other than those related to anthocyanin biosynthesis. Using microscopic, metabolic and mRNA profiling approaches we performed a comparative characterization of the table grape cultivar (cv.) ‘Red Globe’ (RG, purplish berry skin) and its color somatic variant cv. ‘Chimenti Globe’ (CG), with a contrasting reddish berry skin color. Both cultivars correspond to color somatic variants, where cv. ‘CG’ is a chilean variety generated in Talagante in Santiago of Chile, from a cv. ‘RG’ plant. Berry metabolic content analysis showed that veraison and ripening stages were complementary and provide chronological diffe-rences between both cultivars in study. As expected, significant differences were found in the composition of flavonoids and other phenylpropanoids, but also in their upstream precursors shikimate and phenylalani-ne. Interestingly, the primary metabolites sugar phosphates related with sucrose biosynthesis were less ac-cumulated in cv. ‘CG’. The red-skinned cv. ‘CG’ only contained dihydroxylated anthocyanins (i.e. peonidin and cyaniding) while the trihydroxylated derivatives, malvidin, delphinidin and petunidin were absent, in corre-lation to the cv. ‘CG’ skin coloration. The transcriptomic analysis showed alteration in flavonoid metabolism and in primary metabolism such sugar content in cv. ‘CG’. Corroborating the secondary metabolic analysis, 11 flavonoid 3’5’-hydroxylase gene copies were not induced in cv. ‘CG’. This family of cytochrome P450 oxido-reductases are key in the biosynthesis of trihydroxylated anthocyanins. Many transcription factors were de-regulated in cv. ‘CG’ which could be linked to the different metabolic and transcriptomic changes that were observed. This work contributes to the characterization of the anthocyanin biosynthesis and demonstrates the different microscopic, transcriptomic and metabolic changes that occurred within a phenomenon as natural as it is the generation of a new color somatic variant in grapevines.

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O10) THE CALM BEFORE THE STORM: GRAPE BERRY CUTICLE AS A SOURCE OF RESISTANCE AGAINST BOTRYTIS CINEREA

Meyer-regueiro, C.(1); Armijo, G.(1); Hildebrandt, U.(2); Riederer, M.(3); Arce-johnson, P.(1); (1): Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (2): Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biosciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (3): Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biosciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg,

Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus that infects more than 1000 plant species. This pathogen is well now to cause the grey mold disease in grapes, which mainly attacks ripe berries. Previously, it has been re-ported that the anatomical features such as cuticle and wax content are associated with resistance degree against B. cinerea. In order to test this hypothesis, we studied the interaction of the fungus and grape berries from the cultivars Thompson seedless (TS) and the hybrids cultivar Fwe Fuky (FF). The susceptibility of those lines was assessed by inoculating the fungus over healthy and wounded grapes. TS berries were susceptible to the fungus, whereas FF showed high resistance, but both cultivars wounded berries shown enhanced susceptibility. Based on these findings, we studied both cultivars cuticle composition by GC-MS and the cuticle structure by scanning electron microscopy of these cultivars to identify possible features associated with the resistance. FF cultivars present higher concentrations of primary alcohols in the epicuticular layer and higher concentration of two triterpenoids in the intracuticular layer in comparison with TS. The ultras-tructure of the epicuticular layer of this cultivar showed a higher density of the palettes crystal compared to TS with higher hydrophobicity. Finally, to test the possible protective role of this structure, grape berries with removed epicuticular layer were inoculated. At 7 and 14 days after inoculation, the susceptibility is enhan-ced in both cultivars when the epicuticular layer is removed. Together, our work suggests that the cuticle is an essential structure in the berry interaction with B. cinerea with a protective role in this interaction. Our findings suggest that the study of the infection of B. cinerea on grape berries should be analyzed from an integrative point of view, taking into consideration all the cues involved in the interaction between both grape and B. cinerea.

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PPROT) PLANT PROTECTION

O11) EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ACARICIDES IN THE CONTROL OF COLOMERUS VITIS (PAGENSTECHER) (ACARINA: ERYOPHIDAE), IN TABLE GRAPES IN THE ELQUI VALLEY, COQUIMBO REGION

Salas, C.(1); Volosky, C.(2); Espinoza, C.(3); Barraza, S.(3); (1): INIA Intihuasi, La Serena, Chile (2): ANASAC Chile, Santiago, Chile (3): Universidad de La Serena, La Sere-na, Chile

Colomerus vitis is indicated as vine pests. The lack of acaricide efficacy studies makes it difficult to carry out effective chemical controls to reduce the populations of this mites. During the 2018-2019 agricultural season a study was carried out in field conditions with the objective of evaluating the effectiveness of acaricides in Colomerus vitis control. The study was conducted in a commercial table grape orchard cv Maylen of INIA Intihuasi (30 ° 2’11.89 “S; 70 ° 41’43.19” W). The trial consisted of the evaluation of 7 treatments distributed in a randomized complete block design with four repetitions. The treatments evaluated were: T1 Borneo 110 SC (Etoxazole), T2 Konan 240 SC (Spirodiclofen), T3 Fast Plus + Ultraspray (Abamectin, Mineral oil), T4 Dani-tol 10 EC (Fenpropathrin), T5 Milbeknock (Milbemectin), T6 Sanmite WP (Pyridaben) and a control without application T7. Three applications of each product were made coinciding with the phenological stages of: early bud swell, late bud swell and 10 to 15 cm shoots. To determine the treatments effect on populations of eriophyid in bud, eight buds were collected per treatment before application, after each application, and post-harvest. The buds were taken to the laboratory, dissecting all the buds present in the sprout and deter-mining incidence and level of infestation. At the time of harvest, of each repetition, three plants were selec-ted from the central row of which five bunches were harvested and weighed. The bunches of grapes were arranged in trays proceeding to weigh the production per tree and to determine: length of rachis, long first pair of shoulders and caliber of berries in middle portion. The data obtained were analyzed through MGLM at 5% probability. The T2, T3 and T4 treatments recorded significant reductions in the average number of eriophyids per bud. In relation to the quality and production attributes evaluated, the T2 treatment had a po-sitive effect on all the quality variables evaluated, contrasting with the control treatment. The T4 treatment registered good performance contributing to bunches of grapes with longer rachis and a better production in the same way as observed in T2 treatment.

Acknowledgments: ANASAC Chile.

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O12) PLANT EXTRACTS; AN IMPORTANT ANTI-RESISTANCE STRATEGY TO PROTECT THE EFFICACY OF BOTRYTIS FUNGICIDES IN TABLE GRAPES

Esterio, M.(1); Copier, C.(1); Estrada, V.(1); Azocar, M.(1); Briceño, N.(1); Rodríguez, D.(1); Rubilar, M.(1); Rojas, F.(2); Auger, J.(1); (1): Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chi-le, Santiago, Chile (2): Chemie S.A., Santiago, Chile

Botrytis cinerea (Bc) control is based on chemical control mainly with hydroxyanilides (fenhexamid/fen), for their high specificity and low residual load, boscalid (bos), carboxamide, family to which most of the newly introduced molecules belong, and with some fungicide mixtures (cyprodinil & fludioxonil). Unfortunately, Bc populations are dynamic and quickly adapt to agroecological conditions to which they are subjected. It is a high-risk pathogen, creating resistance to most fungicide molecules in use; and fen and bos have not been the exception. One of the strategies used to recover the sensitivity of fungicides in the past was the use of molecules based on plant extracts (1992/BC-1000 (DF-100)/ benzimidazole and dicarboxamide). Currently, there are other extracts such as M. alternifolia (Ma). In order to evaluate their effectiveness, a Bioassay was performed on isolates of different sensitivity to fen and bos, comparatively evaluating the effect of DF-100 and Ma, with respect to the effect of these fungicides, preventively applied in cv. Thompson Seedless berries, inoculated 2, 24, 48 and 72 hours(h), after the application, with suspensions equivalent to 1x105 conidia/mL, of previously molecularly characterized isolates (3 sensitive: B05.10 + 2fen/bos-sensitive), 4 fen-resistant(2 mutants F412S+ 2F412I) and 6 bos-resistant(2 mutants P225H+ 2 H272R+ 2 H272Y). The effect of the different treatments was evaluated 3 days post-incubation at 20°C and continuous darkness, measuring the lesion’s mean diameter. Results indicate that the fungicides (fen and bos) exerted the greatest control over sensitive isolates; fen had a greater control over the bos-resistant isolates, and conversely, bos had a greater control on the fen-resistant isolates. Regarding plant extracts, a great effect on the different mutants was presented by Ma and DF-100, and the effect presented by the latter on bos-resistant (H272R/P225H) (24h) and fen-re-sistant (F412I) (48h) isolates were particularly important. M. alternifolia had a similar effect on F412I/F412S/H272/P225H (72h). These results indicate that the inclusion of alternative molecules in control programs is an important tool since they allow recovering and maintaining the efficacy of fungicide molecules that are key in the management of botrytis in a sustainable manner and also in the reduction of fungicide residues in the fruit.

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O13) MIRAVIS PRIME, A NEW SOLUTION FOR AN EFFECTIVE CONTROL OF BOTRYTIS IN GRAPES

Querol, T.(1); Edel, D.(2); Mosbach, A.(2); Torriani, S.(2); Scalliet, G.(2); (1): SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION AG, BASEL, SWITZERLAND (2): SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION AG, STEIN,

MIRAVIS TM Prime combines two highly effective botryticides: ADEPIDYN TM (iso name pydiflumetofen), a novel highly potent succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) and fludioxonil, which is targeting the osmo-sensing pathway. We will show how these two active ingredients act at the cellular level and complement each other for an effective and sustained control of Botrytis cinerea. Despite fludioxonil has been widely used for more than 20 years, this fungicide remains highly active in grapes. European resistance monitoring shows that this molecule is only affected by multidrug resistances (MDRs) which do not seem to affect ADE-PIDYN TM. Conversely, ADEPIDYN TM is affected by mutations of the succinate dehydrogenase enzyme, but these mutations are fully controlled by fludioxonil. ADEPIDYN TM displays exceptional potency and controls most frequent SDH mutations detected in European monitoring programs. We will disclose cross-resis-tance profiles among the SDHI molecules and showcase the importance of early applications at flowering stage for maintained activity safeguarding fruit quality. Finally, we will discuss spray program recommenda-tions for an effective Botrytis cinerea control in grapes and delayed resistance development.

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O14) CONTROL OF GRAPEVINE POWDERY MILDEW BY THE HYBRID FUNGICIDE REGEV™

Arroyo, J.(1); Sir, G.(2); (1): STK bio-ag Technologies, Santiago, Chile (2): STT bio-ag Technologies, Santiago, ChileAbstract Powdery mildew (PM) caused by Erysiphe necator is one of the main diseases in table grapes production in Chile, being a problem from bud break up to harvest in some cases. Due to favorable environmental con-ditions for PM development, an average of 16 to 18 applications per season of various fungicides, some of the same mode of action (MoA), are used for the control of PM. This resulted with a loss of sensitivity of the fungus to most of the fungicides used. This together with the fact that table grapes growers need to comply with a certain level of residues and not exceed MRL’s or a certain number of active ingredient residues on the grapes, enhances the necessity for new alternative products with different MoA. Under such circumstances any new effective fungicide that can provide different MoA, with lower risk for resistance development and while reducing residues is required. The hybrid fungicide Regev containing 400g/L of the essential Tea Tree Oil derived from Melaleuca alternifolia plant and 200 g/L of difenoconazole with two different MoA (FRAC F7 & G1) was evaluated in table and wine grapes against PM. Four field trials were conducted using a complete randomized block design considering of five treatments with 4 replications. Treatments were applied at 12 days interval using an average spray volume of 1.200 Lha, during season 2017-2018 in table and wine grapes on various cultivars such as Moscatel, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay & Crimson Seedless. Applications were performed from fruit set up to veraison. Disease Incidence and severity were evaluated just before the first application and then at 7 and 14, days after last spray. Regev at 0.3 and 0.4 Lha-1 effectively controlled PM with an average control of 71.2 and 82,1%, respectively, and was as effective as systemic fungicides and mixtures of fungicides like boscalid +pyraclostrobin with 72.5% of control against PM. Regev can be an at-tractive alternative for controlling PM in table grapes due to its multi MoAs and reduced chemical load per treatment as a effective alternative to synthetic fungicides in table grape production.

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O15) OCCURRENCE OF YOUNG GRAPEVINE DISEASES IN NEW TABLE GRAPE VARIETIES IN CHILE

Auger, J.(1); Osorio-navarro, C.(1); Pozo, L.(1); Rubilar, M.(1); Briceño, N.(1); Lujbetic, D.(2); Esterio, M.(1); (1): Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile (2): Agronomist, International Adviser, Santiago, Chile

Chile is the world’s largest table grape exporter, with North America accounting for 47% of total exports in 2018-19. In the last decade the Chilean growers starts renewing their vineyards with a new breed of table grapes. These new grape varieties which hold good shipping conditions plus better yields and quality, berry size, color and flavor profiles, will keep the Chilean table grape industry competitive in the world market. New vineyards were established with effective and good farming practices that avoid biological and mecha-nical stress. However, in the last two growing seasons grapevine decline is causing serious economic losses to the renewed vineyard with novel varieties. The symptoms include; reduced vigor with significant delay in bud break. Xylem vessels plugging with black woody stripe symptoms on the rootstock and the cultivar. Partial dieback with death arm symptoms or complete decline of diseased plants after sudden wilting and trunk dieback. Decline symptoms were particularly significant in some varieties with almost 30% of plants lost. In symptomatic plants Phaeoacremonium sp (Pm) was detected using specific primers Pm1 and Pm2. In order to ensure detection, a restriction-based strategy was develop using EcoR1 enzyme, which presents a conserved and unique restriction site in the DNA fragment Pm1/Pm2 in all pathogenic Phaeoacremonium strains reported up to date. Phaeoacremonium minimum, Phaeoacremonium fraxinopennsylvanicum and Phaeoacremonium parasiticum were identified. Contrasting symptoms severity suggest different defense responses, therefore we focus in studying expression of central genes involved in pathogen response (PR genes, flavonoid biosynthesis and hormone response). Ten candidate genes associated with plant defense were evaluated. Symptomatic plants of Timpson™ (Sheegene 2) and Sweet celebration® showed a lower expression of genes associated with defense. Transcriptions profile suggest that Phaeoacremonium infec-tion involve a general attenuation of the grapevine plants defense response. Understanding the etiology and epidemiology of the grapevine trunk diseases is a big concern for growers because of the high sus-ceptibility of the currently planted new table grapes varieties. This problem became worse considering the absence of adequate sanitary test, management of the propagation plant material in the Chilean nursery and the inefficiency of the vineyard control treatments.

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Santiago - Chile.

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FISIO-A) CROP PHYSIOLOGY AND VINEYARD MANAGEMENT

O16) VITICULTURAL CLIMATIC INDICES AS A PREDICTOR OF HARVEST DATE OF TABLE GRAPES (VITIS VINIFERA) IN NORTHERN CHILE

Verdugo-Vásquez, N.(1); Zurita-silva, A.(1); Balbontín, C.(1); Ibacache, A.(1); Salazar, C.(2); Reyes, M.(3); Díaz-gál-vez, I.(3); Orrego, R.(4); (1): Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Centro Regional de Investigación Intihuasi, La Serena, Chile (2): Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Centro Regional de Investigación La Platina, Santiago, Chile (3): Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Centro Regional de Investigación Raihuen, Villa Alegre, Chile (4): Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Centro Regional de Investiga-ción Quilamapu, Chillán, Chile

Chile is the main exporter of table grapes in the world, where northern Chile stands out for earlier starting harvest during the seasons. Being able to anticipate (predict) the harvest dates of table grape is of interest to producers, mainly for planning and logistics reasons. An option to predict harvest dates corresponds to using climatic information, expressed as viticultural climatic indices. However, most of research used to cha-racterize and predict harvest dates has been validated in wine grapes production systems. Therefore, the aim of this work is to prove the use of viticultural climatic indices as predictors of harvest date in table grape production systems in northern Chile. Long-term (historical) information of harvest dates (corresponding to 16 seasons) recorded at the Vicuña Experimental Center (Elqui Valley) in Flame and Thompson Seedless table grape cultivars, together with climatic information recorded by an automatic weather station was used (analyzed). Seven viticultural climatic indices based on temperature (Huglin; Cold night; mean January temperature; mean spring temperature summation; maximum spring temperature summation; Growing degree days and mean growing season temperature) were related to harvest dates, through Pearson’s co-rrelation. Additionally, period of calculation (months) of viticultural climatic indices were adapted to table grape growth cycle in northern Chile. Results showed that harvest dates displayed high variability between seasons (average of 28 days). Both cultivars exhibited significant correlations between some viticultural cli-matic indices and harvest dates. The adjustment of calculation period of viticultural climatic indices signi-ficantly improved the results obtained. The best results were obtained with the mean spring temperature summation index for Flame Seedless (R2= 0.68) and the maximum spring temperature summation index for Thompson Seedless (R2= 0.68). These results demonstrated that viticultural climatic indices typically used for wine grapes production can be used in other production systems of Vitis vinifera species. On the other hand, these indices can be used to simulate harvest dates, using temperature information under cli-mate change scenarios.

Acknowledgements: NVV thanks for the financial support given by CONICYT Postdoctoral FONDECYT 2018 Nº3180252.

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O17) HOW PHENOLOGICAL STAGE AND BIOSTIMULANTS MODULATE THE RESIDENT MICROBIOME OF VITIS VINIFERA VAR. FLAME

Asaff, A.(1); Azaharez, D.(2); De La Torre, F.(3); Kirchmayr, M.(4); Hernández, M.(2); Valenzuela, N.(2); Verdin, J.(4); (1): INNOVAK GLOBAL S.A. DE C.V. / CIAD A.C., Chihuahua, México (2): CIAD A.C., Hermosillo, México (3): INNO-VAK GLOBAL S.A. DE C.V., Chihuahua, México (4): CIATEJ A.C., Guadalajara, México

Rhizosphere is a complex environment where soil-microbial communities and plant roots develop diverse biological interactions. Understanding the structure and diversity of microorganisms that inhabit this com-partment allows optimizing plant-microorganism interactions to increase crops productivity and health. The objective of this study was to characterize Vitis vinifera (var. Flame)-microbiome during bud-sprouting and postharvest-stages. The modulating effect on microbiome of two biostimulants was also assessed.Microorganisms population were quantified indirectly by enzymatic dehydrogenase activity (DA) and direct methods, such as qPCR amplification of 16S ribosomal RNA gene (bacteria) and ITS-spacer-region (fungi) and direct plate count of aerobic mesophilic microorganisms (AMM). Relative abundance and diversity of bacteria and fungi were obtained through meta-taxonomic analyses by sequencing the 16S ribosomal RNA gene and ITS region, respectively, using the Ilumina MiSeq platform. Functional microbial groups, like ni-trogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) and phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) were quantified by direct plate count employing specific media. Phytopathogenic nematode Meloydogine incognita was quantified by sieving and centrifugation procedures.Consistently, results showed that phenological stage affects the microbiome composition, observing an increase of microbial populations during postharvest compared to bud-sprouting stage. In rhizospheric soils, DA was increased (p <0.05) 93%, AMM 50%, NFB 40% and fungal population 300% (qPCR). However, M. incognita population was reduced 130% (p <0.05) as an effect of the pest-program management. By other hand, biweekly application of biostimulants from sprouting to postharvest stage, increased 58% DA, 35% AMM, 750% PSM, 100% and 250% bacterial and fungal populations, respectively (qPCR), all of them compared to untreated plots (p <0.05). Interestingly, biostimulants treatment reduced 176% M. incognita population compared to control (p <0.05), possibly by competition and antagonistic mechanisms. Regar-ding to meta-taxonomic analyses, the most abundant bacterial classes in the non-rhizospheric soils were Actinobacteria and Bacilli. Biostimulant-treated plots increased Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria and alpha-diversity indexes towards postharvest stage. Beta-diversity index showed a clear separation between microbiota of the non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric soils in the two phenological stages.In conclusion, phenological stages and biostimulants modulate Vitis vinifera microbiome. During posthar-vest, quantity and biodiversity of microbial populations were remarkably increased, while biostimulants in-creased quantity, both in non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric soils.

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Santiago - Chile.

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O18) EVALUATION OF THE MICROBIAL INTEGRAL MODEL IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY OF THE SCARLOTTA VARIETY TABLE GRAPE.

Fernandez, F.(1); Carmona, F.(1); Vila, A.(1); Conesa, E.(1); Velasco, G.(2); (1): Symborg, Murcia, España (2): El Ciruelo, Murcia, España

One of the current agricultural challenges consists of maintaining high levels of productivity and quality with greater environmental sustainability, with which the knowledge and effective management of rhizos-phere microbial populations under these conditions is necessary. The objective of this work consisted in the microbiological and productive evaluation of an integral microbial model (MIM), based on the selective rhizosphere biotisation of the Scarlotta table grape crop with selected microbiomes of proven efficacy. Two experimental schemes were designed for this purpose, one aimed at improving nutritional reserves and the other at bio protection of the crop against nematodes and vascular fungi. In both cases, statistical designs were used in random blocks with four repetitions and vegetable and microbiological variables were evalua-ted in the rhizosphere zone such as production, fruit quality control and analysis of starch and arginine in roots, mycorrhizal colonization, presence of trichodermas and nematodes, total microflora, chitinolytic and chitinase activity, as well as vascular diseases. The results allowed to affirm that an increase in reserves and an improvement in crop bio protection were obtained for both conditions, with increases of 15 and 22 %. As for starch and arginine concentrations, increases of 12 and 25% were obtained, significantly higher than conventional controls, increasing also the microbiological variables, with greater presence of total microflora (1x 109 vs 2 x 108 ufc/ml soil), greater chitinolytic activity (13 %) and a significant drop in nematode popula-tions (11 %) and absence of vascular fungi in biotised treatments, with an increase in microbial equilibrium and higher productivity of 14 % and higher grape quality in brix degrees (21.2 vs 20.0). In both systems, it was found that MIM significantly improved rhizosphere and plant activity in general. The authors would like to expressly thank the company Symborg and the company El Ciruelo for their financial and logistical support in carrying out this work.

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O19) EVALUATION OF MINERAL NUTRIENT LEVEL AND ITS EFFECT ON YIELD, FRUIT QUALITY PARAMETERS AND POST-HARVEST LIFE ON TIMCO™ AND SWEET GLOBE™ TABLE GRAPE CULTIVAR.

Giancaspero, V.(1); Carreño, A.(2); (1): Uvanova, Santiago, Chile (2): prokambium consultores, Santiago, Chile

Evaluation of mineral nutrient level, yield, fruit quality parameters and post-harvest life (30-60 days) was conducted on two commercial Timco™ and Sweet Globe™ vineyards in Metropolitan Region both grafted onto Paulsen 1103 rootstock. Petiole and blade sample were taken along the growing season, fruit samples at harvest and root samples during dormancy. As there is no nutritional standard for each new variety, we use the one developed for Thompson seedless as a reference. During bloom time Timco show some NO3 and NH4 above standard and over shatter clusters were observed. At harvest time Timco has 18,3 Brix ,19,5% dry matter and berry firmness was 285 g/mm. Average weight of clusters (70-80 berries) with 24-26 mm berry size was 836.4 gr. 33 ton/ha (3.987 box/ha) was commercially harvest and export. Post-harvest fruit condition was excellent with some rachis dehydration symptoms.During veraison, magnesium (Mg) and potassium(K) foliar level were low, while at harvest time fruit show Calcium, Magnesium and Potassium level below the Thompson seedless standard but fruit was extremely crunchie with excellent post-harvest life with some rachis dehydration symptoms.Sweet globe was harvested with 18,5 Brix, 20,7% dry matter and berry firmness was 380 g/mm. Average wei-ght of clusters (80-90 berries) with 21-23 mm berry size was 617,4 gr. 26,6 ton (3.206 box/ha) was commercially harvest and export.Mineral nutrition level evaluated during 2018-2019 season and post-harvest fruit analysis data evidencing the difference in Timco and Sweet globe standards compared to Thompson seedless nutritional standards.

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Santiago - Chile.

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FISIO-B) CROP PHYSIOLOGY AND VINEYARD MANAGEMENT

O20) NITROGEN UPTAKE AND DISTRIBUTION IN CALIFORNIA TABLE GRAPES

Fidelibus, M.(1); Williams, L.(1); Pourreza, A.(2); (1): University of California, Parlier, United States (2): University of California, Davis, United States

The State of California recently required farmers to monitor all possible nitrogen (N) inputs into agro-ecosys-tems and only apply the nitrogen (N) needed to meet a crop’s demand. Nitrogen accumulated in the annual growth of grapes was estimated to range from 70 to 80 kg N ha-1 based on studies conducted in traditional Thompson Seedless raisin grape vineyards. Modern table grape vineyards in California are more productive than traditional raisin vineyards, and would likely require more N. Therefore we conducted studies in com-mercial table grape vineyards in the central San Joaquin Valley to determine the amount of N accumulated in the annual growth (shoots, leaves, and fruit) of many different varieties, under grower practice, and as part of designed experiments where the amount of N applied and the number of split applications were varied. Effects of N treatments on vine growth, and fruit yield and quality were determined, and N fertilizer use effi-ciency estimated. We also evaluated remote sensing (aerial multispectral imaging) as a way to monitor vine N content. The amount of N accumulated in the annual growth of vines varied from 134 to 208 kg N/ha, with approximately 56 to 110 kg N/ha partitioned to fruit, which generally contained about 1 kg N/ton. The amount of N accumulated by vines increased with vine growth and yield. Fertilizer use efficiency was reduced by excessive N application, and improved by splitting N applications, as long as the total amount of N applie-ded was not excessive. Excess N sometimes delayed fruit coloring and thereby reduced the amount of fruit harvested in the first pick. Insufficient N also imparied coloring and reduced fruit size. Aerial multispectral imaging showed good potential for predicting grapevine nitrogen levels.

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O21) EFFECT OF PLASTIC COVERING ON EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN TABLE GRAPE VINEYARD

De Palma, L.(1); Vox, G.(2); Schettini, E.(2); Novello, V.(3); (1): University of Foggia, FOGGIA , Italiy (2): University of Bari, Bari, Italy (3): University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy

Background and Aims. Saving water is a major challenge even in viticulture, particularly in the hot areas where most of table grapes are produced. Water use is driven by atmospheric demand, which combines the effects exerted on micro-climate by solar radiation, wind, air temperature and humidity. Covering vineyards with transparent plastic sheets is a standard practice in some regions, aimed at advancing or delaying harvest, and also at protec-ting shoots/bunches from external agents so as to reduce abiotic and biotic damage. Covering is known to lower incoming solar radiation and wind speed, and to change air temperature and humidity. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of plastic covers on reference evapotranspiration (ETo) under semi-arid conditions.

Experimental Procedure and Results. Two adjacent one-hectare vineyards of ‘Victoria’/1103P, trained to tendone system, were covered with 2 types of transparent polyethylene sheets, having same thickness but different radiometric properties: an experi-mental agrotextile fabric, and a renowned commercial film. Micrometeorological data were recorded under both covers, at canopy height, and in open air. ETo was calculated, for June and July 2015 and 2016 (when side-sheets of coverings had been removed), using the simplified version of Penman-Monteith equation. Under the trial conditions, as average of the two years of measurements, covering reduced ETo by -39% (ex-perimental) and -34.5% (commercial), on month basis.

Discussion. The main factor that determined the reduction of ETo under covering was the dramatic decline of wind speed, which did not differ between plots. The experimental cover, due to its radiometric features, showed a slight tendency to lower air temperature and increase relative humidity compared to those of commercial cover. According to the calculation method applied in the trial, this fact improved the effect of limiting ETo, although at a little extent. Significance of the Study. Among the numerous effects induced by the protection of vineyards with plastic covering, the reduction of evapotranspiration should not be ignored. The amount of reduction might be influenced by the radiometric features of the plastic cover.

Acknowledgements. Thank to Beaulieu Company for supplying agrotextile fabric, and Laporta farm for hosting the trial.

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Santiago - Chile.

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O22) PLASTIC COVERS IN TABLE GRAPES. MICROCLIMATE CHANGES AND GRAPE QUALITY IN THE CENTRAL AREA OF CHILE

Marfán, G.(1); (1): Exportadora Subsole S.A, Santiago, Chile

Background and Aims. Microclimatic conditions, mainly temperature and light (quantity and quality), greatly influence the table grape productivity. These factors regulate the canopy development rate, fruit growth and final quality. The deterioration of the grape condition is greatly accelerated by high humidity or rainfall during the sensitive periods to bunch rot development. The objective of the study was to quantify the microclimatic changes at the canopy level and fruit zone and characterize the quality of the grapes produced under plastic covers.

Experimental Procedures. Two studies were carried out between 2013 and 2016. The first located in the Metropolitan region (Viluco area), in a 4 hectares block of Thompson S. planted at a distance of 3 x 3 m, trained in overhead flat system. Every row was covered with a sheet of low density polyethylene (LDPE) of 130 µm thick in a pyramidal shape over the vine leaving a 35 cm uncovered channel at the central part of the row. The perimeter of the block was closed with the same film. One hectare remained uncovered as a control. A second study was carried out in the VI region (San Vicente) in a block of Ralli S. planted at 3.5 x 3 m distance trained in overhead flat system. In this case two types of covers were used, one of low density polyethylene (LDPE) of 130 µm thick and a second trial with Rafia (high density polyethylene, HDPE). For both treatments 20 cm at the mid row remained uncovered and the block perimeter was completely open. A surface of 0.5 hectares was not cove-red as a control.

Main Results.The study showed that in both cases there was an important modification in the microclimate. LDPE and Rafia increase the temperature, achieving the highest increases under LDPE film. The relative humidity was lower in most of the season, increasing at the end of the period. The wind speed was practically zero under cover. Productivity increased in both studies, with maturity advances and improvements of grape quality.

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O23) TABLE GRAPES IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS: ACONCAGUA VALLEY EXPERIENCES

Zúñiga, C.(1); Selles, G.(2); (1): Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, La Cruz, Chile (2): Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecua-rias, Santiago, Chile

Context and Objectives: The Agricultural Research Institute (INIA) carried out a thorough study of the water requirements of ta-ble grapes from 2007 to 2012 in the Aconcagua Valley. In this study, through different methodologies the crop coefficients, irrigation thresholds, crop response to different volumes of water required and production functions were determined.

Results and experimental procedure: Using lysimeters and Eddy Covariance weather stations, water requirements were obtained for table grapes growing under overhead trellis system. The results indicated that for the conditions of the Aconcagua Valley the water requirements of the crop exceeded those of the potential evapotranspiration between the periods of fruit set and veraison. In addition, the amount of water needed for the cultivation of table grapes obtained using lysimeters and Eddy covariance were similar and reached values close to 8000 m3/ha in the season. From the quantities of water needed for the table grape, their crop coefficients (Kc) were obtained, which reached maximum values of 1.2 during veraison. Parallelly, a correlation was obtained between the crop co-efficients and the percentage of shade under the trellis system, finding a positive and significant correlation between the two parameters (Kc = 0.012 x S% + 0.072, R2 = 0.75, p <0.01). Additionally, given the great develop-ment of table grape roots, it was estimated that the irrigation threshold does not depressed the production and quality of the fruit. This estimation was obtained by monitoring the soil water content continuously with capacitance probes placed on the row and between rows, in addition to stem water potential periodic monitoring. The results indicate that the irrigation threshold in the crop rows was 30% of the available water.

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Santiago - Chile.

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O24) USE OF THE SATELLITE AGRICULTURAL PLATFORM PLAS CHILE TO ESTIMATE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION, IRRIGATION NEEDS AND MONITORING WATER STATUS IN TABLE GRAPE

Balbontin, C.(1); Odi, M.(1); Selles, G.(1); Montecinos, J.(1); Castillo, A.(1); Calera, A.(2); (1): INIA, La Serena, Chile (2): Universidad Castilla La Mancha (UCLM), Albacete, España

Introduction: Limitations on water availability due to changes in climatic conditions or competition for the use of water with other sectors require the use of conceptual frameworks together with technologies to accurately es-timate crop irrigation needs but at the same time operational to be used routinely in the fields. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately estimate the evapotranspiration of the crop (ET) and its spatial distribution on the ground to improve the efficiency of water use. The problem addressed is that the lack of local crop co-efficients limited the application of conceptual frameworks for the precise calculation of irrigation needs. Nowadays, the availability of satellite images with high spatial and temporal resolution, together with in-formation on environmental demand, allows us to estimate the exact needs of table grape irrigation. In this way, satellite information together with a robust conceptual framework such as that proposed by FAO (Allen et al., 1998), exceed the limitations of the past that forced the use of generic crop coefficients and allow describing the annual development of the crop in situ and together with the environmental demand (ETo) define the maximum perspiration rate and therefore establish the table grape watering needs very precisely. The techniques used in this work combine the definition of the baseline crop coefficient (Kcb) from the NDVI vegetation index obtained from images of Landsat and Sentinel satellites. The application of a daily balance of water in the soil allows the calculation of crop evapotranspiration. The Satellite Agricultural Platform (PLAS CHILE) allows consulting time series of NDVI images for monitoring and consulting the level of crop development. From this information it is possible to obtain the Crop Coefficient and therefore the determination of the water requirements of the table grape. This platform represents an effort to moderni-ze the tools of analysis and supervision of national agriculture and can be consulted on the website http://maps.spiderwebgis.org/login/?custom=plas (user: plas, password: plas).

Acknowledgments the Foundation for Agrarian Innovation (FIA) for its support in the co-financing of this initiative.

Keywords: Evapotranspiration, irrigation, remote sensing, NDVI, crop coefficient

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FISIO-C) CROP PHYSIOLOGY AND VINEYARD MANAGEMENT

O25) TABLE GRAPE ROOTSTOCKS: ACONCAGUA VALLEY EXPERIENCES

Zúñiga, C.(1); Selles, G.(2); (1): Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, La Cruz, Chile (2): Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecua-rias, Santiago, Chile

Context and Objectives: In Chile, there is little information regarding the response of rootstocks in table grapes under limiting phy-sical and chemical soil conditions, as well as their effects on the quality and productivity of the plants. The Agricultural Research Institute (INIA) for 5 seasons (2007-2012) conducted a research in the Aconcagua Va-lley area to answer these questions.

Results and experimental procedure: To measure the response of grafted plants to low air conditions, a potting test was carried out where grafted and ungrafted plants were tested on different soil textures (silty loam, sandy, sandy loam, clay loam) with different macroporosity (9.5-22%). Different rootstocks (Freedom, Harmony, Richter 110, Salt Creek, 1616) were used on grafted plants. Similarly, in field conditions, ungrafted and grafted plants were tested in low soil ae-ration conditions caused by frequent watering.The conclusions indicate that by decreasing the air content in the soil under 16% the stomatal conductance, the chlorophyll content, the leaf area index, and the develo-pment of the canopy are also reduced and this decrease affects the ungrafted plants more than the grafted ones. Richter 110, Freedom, Harmony and SaltCreek rootstocks performed better in low soil aeration condi-tions and in controlled conditions. With higher values of macroporosity grafted and ungrafted plants had a similar performance. The grafted plants showed a later budburst than the ungrafted plants, however, the plant vigor of the grafted plants was higher. A shorter period was also detected between budburst and har-vesting in grafted plants associated with a faster sugar accumulation in the fruit. Grafted plants had higher incidence of physiological disorders probably associated with hormonal imbalances caused by their greater vigor. The use of rootstocks caused greater absorption of potassium in plants and greater accumulation of nitrogen. Similarly, decreased absorption of magnesium was observed. The grafted plants showed less absorption of microelements, especially when using Harmony rootstock. Under high soil calcium content, grafted plants showed different behaviors depending on the rootstock, however, Salt Creek and Freedom showed a better performance.

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Santiago - Chile.

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O26) ROOTSTOCKS FOR THE NEW SEEDLESS TABLE GRAPE ‘BRS ÍSIS’ UNDER TROPICAL SEMI-ARID CONDITIONS

Leão, P.(1); Nascimento, J.(2); Lima, M.(3); (1): Embrapa Semiárido, Petrolina, PE, Brasil (2): Universidade do Recôncavo Baiano, , (3): Embrapa Semiári-do, ,

The São Francisco Valley in the Northeast of Brazil is the second most important region producing grapes in the country. The use of rootstocks is a recommended practice in the viticulture to prevent biotic and abiotic stresses, besides influencing the yield, plant physiology and grape quality. The present work aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance and quality of the grapes ‘BRS Isis’ in the São Francisco Valley. The vines were grafted onto the rootstocks ‘IAC 313’, ‘IAC 572’, ‘IAC 766’, ‘SO4’, ‘1103 Paulsen’, ‘Harmony’ and ‘Free-dom’ in an overhead trellis system at a spacing of 3 X 2 m with drip irrigation. Eight growing seasons were evaluated in the period 2015 to 2018 for production components, while the quality attributes of the grapes were compared in two growing seasons in 2017/2018. The experimental design was in a randomized block with four replicates. The estimated yield on the ‘IAC 572’ was 45 ton/ha/cycle, which represented an increase of 23% compared to the ‘SO4’. The average number of bunches on ‘IAC 572’ was 100 bunches per plant diffe-ring significantly from ‘SO4’. The mean mass of the bunch was 337g, with significant differences between ‘IAC 313’ and ‘Harmony’. The variables mass of pruning, bud fertility, bunch length and berry diameter were not influenced by the rootstock. The growing season of the second half of 2017 favored an increase in the content of total extractable polyphenols, anthocyanins and yellow flavonoids. Differences among rootstocks were observed in these variables but were not stable in the two growing seasons studied. The content of soluble solids, total soluble sugars and titratable acidity were not influenced by the rootstock and produc-tion cycle. The obtained results did not allow recommend a rootstock with superior performance for the set of variables studied. On the other hand, the new Brazilian table grape cultivar BRS Ísis presented very high yield and quality attributes that meet the standards of the most demanding markets in all the rootstocks evaluated in this study.

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O27) CRIMSON SEEDLESS PRODUCTION MANAGED WITH AND WITHOUT CHOOPED SHOOTS UNDER ZERO TILLAGE.

Sierra Bernal, C.(1); Olivares, R.(2); (1): Consultor privado, La Serena, Chile (2): Asesor en uva de mesa, La Serena, Chile

Goals. In clay loam soil, an eight-year Crimson production effect was evaluated managed with and without chooped shoots for six years under a condition of zero tillage, in Monte Patria location. Experimental Procedures. In two farms with Crimson, with the same type of soil, one managed with choo-ped shoots repeated for six years and the other without this management, both managed in zero tillage (ZT) and both cultivated for 8 years. The soils were characterized chemically and biologically, microbial biomass, phosphatic activity was analyzed. Nutritional status was assessed in flower and color of ripe. The study co-rresponds to the comparison of vines growing in the same type of soil, but with different soil management.Results. In petioles in ZT without residues it was detected that nitrogen content was higher, while the phos-phorus content was lower. In ZT with residues the nitrogen contents were lower and those of phosphorus were higher.At the state of color of ripe in soils managed according to ZT with and without residues, the nitrogen content detected was lower. Phosphorus was higher in ZT with residues.In handling ZT with residues, the biomass nitrogen was higher than in ZT without residues.In ZT with chooped shoots management the phosphatic activity was superior to the soil without chooped shoots management. The ZT with residues management allowed to increase the soil carbon, this favored the biological activation, which generated a greater amount of roots, which allowed better nutrition. Pro-duction in ZT with chooped shoots achieved 13% more fruit than in ZT without chooped shoots. The quality of exportable fruit, in ZT was superior with chooped shoots management, reached 98.5%, compared with 75.5% in ZT without chooped shoots. The ZT with chooped shoots must be implemented by fruit growers. It allows to improve the soil, increase production and quality of fruit, and increase residence of the carbon in the soil, which allows to mitigate damage due to greenhouse effect of the C02, making the fruit activity production more sustainable. Thanks to Sociedad Agricola Carzal and INIA Intihuasi

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Santiago - Chile.

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O28) TROPICAL VITICULTURE. YEAR AROUND TABLE GRAPE PRODUCTION IN PIURA REGION. IS IT POSSIBLE?

Sapiain, R.(1); (1): GESEX, SANTIAGO, CHILE

Most of the world viticulture regions are located in the temperate climatic belt. The vine is adapted to this climate, concentrating their growth during the warm season, detaching themselves from their tender organs during the fall, and then resting, during the cold season, in which only the organs resistant to low temperatures remain. By contrast, the Tropical Dry climate of Piura , in the northeast Peru , is characterized by high temperatures throughout the year, always above the vine growth base temperature (10 ° C). Under this conditions the vine grows continuously without the typical rest period in winter. This condition affects the cycle of the vine and determinate an important technical challenges but also opportunities related to the possibility of have all year around grape production, defined by the date of pruning.This research reviews the climatic characteristics of Piura and how they affect the cycle and management of the vine and what are the main challenges of the production in this tropical zone.

POST-A) POSTHARVEST TECHNOLOGY AND FRUIT QUALITY

O29) COMPARISON OF THE DEHYDRATION POTENTIAL OF TABLE GRAPE CULTIVARS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY

Zoffoli, J.(1); Naranjo, P.(1); Donoso, P.(1); Contreras, C.(1); (1): Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

Dehydration and rachis browning become critical quality criteria during commercialization of table grape. Cumulative water losses occurring during postharvest and differences among cultivars have been observed in the market. The aim of this work was to describe the differences on water loss and dehydration symptoms among table grape cultivars (‘Sweet Jubilee’, ‘Sweet Celebration’, ‘Krissy’, ‘Redglobe’ and ‘Thompson Seed-less’), each with two harvest dates and stored under three controlled environmental conditions. ‘Thompson Seedless’ included only one harvest. The grapes were harvested and divided in three groups: (C1) was stored at 20 °C and 80% relative humidity for 4 d; (C2) was stored at 20 °C under saturated atmosphere (100%) for 4 d, and (C3) the grapes were packed individually inside polypropylene bags and then in a 40x50 cm plastic box, with a dual SO2 generator pad on the top, with 0.3% perforated bag, cooled and stored for 40 d at 0 °C. Maturity parameters (SS, titratable acidity) were assessed at harvest, and stem color and berry appearance were described following a scoring note every day at C1 and C2, and after 40 d at 0 °C and 3 d at 17 °C in C3. Weight loss was also calculated from initial weight. Respiration rate and ethylene production were deter-mined on C2 clusters using a flow system. Four replications were used in every condition. Ranking of rachis dehydration was different under the conditions evaluated. ‘Thompson Seedless’ showed the highest weight loss per hour, but the lowest score of rachis under C1. Under C3, ‘Red Globe’ and ‘Thompson Seedless’ rachis remained with the lowest score (greener), whereas high scores were obtained in the other cultivars after 40 d at 0 °C. However, evaluation after 20 °C ‘ Sweet Jubilee’ and ‘Krissy’ were classified with the worst rachis, and ‘Sweet Celebration’ was the most sensitive to show berry shriveling. Respiration rate and ethylene pro-duction were low among cultivars, but ‘Krissy’ and ‘Sweet Jubilee’, showed the highest production at harvest 1. Further works are needed to understand the sensitivity of rachis browning associated with maturity, phy-siology and anatomical aspects of the new cultivars.

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O30) EFFECT OF CLUSTER THINNING ON POSTHARVEST ATTRIBUTES OF TABLE GRAPES GROWN IN A HIGH TUNNELS

Garcia, M.(1); Beasley, V.(1); Therlfall, R.(1); (1): University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, United States

Grapes (Vitus vinifera) are one of the most valuable horticulture crops worldwide. California with its Medite-rranean climate produces 90% of all the grapes in the United States (US). Other areas of the US face biotic and abiotic challenges which make table grape production difficult and expensive (high inputs and lower fruit quality). High tunnels (HT’s) provide intermediate plant protection by preventing environmental fac-tors such as rainfall and wind from affecting the crops. Therefore, it may be feasible to grow table grapes under HT’s in areas where field vineyard management is difficult. One main objective of this three year, multidisciplinary project was to investigate the potential for table grape cultivation under HT’s to improve productivity and fruit quality. A secondary objective was to investigate the impact of cluster thinning on postharvest marketability attributes of table grapes in HT’s. One-year old, bare-root plants of the cultivars Gratitude, Faith, and Jupiter were established in spring 2014 at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, US under a Quonset style Haygrove Super Solo HT (8 x 61m) utilizing a Geneva Double Curtain trellis system. In spring of 2018, two cluster thinning treatments to manage crop load were applied: none (Trt. 1) and when the berries were pea-size (Trt. 2). The fruit was hand-harvested during July and August depending on grape composition (about 15-20% soluble solids). The clusters were stored in 0.9 kg clamshells. Two clusters per clamshell were evaluated in triplicate for physiochemical attributes (berry weights and composition) and marketability attributes (weight loss, decay, firmness, and berry drop) at harvest (day 0) and during storage (7, 14, and 21 days postharvest) at 2° C. At harvest in 2018, ranges for berry weight were 3.11-4.65g, for TA 0.5-0.6%, and for pH 3.4-3.8. Decay range was greater for Trt. 1 (2.7-10.0%) compared to Trt. 2 (2.3-4.6%). In conclusion, it appears that variations in marketability attributes were generally cultivar-specific with Faith being the most affected by the thinning – decay and weight loss were both significantly lower for Faith in Trt. 2. This project was repeated in 2019 and data are currently being collected and analyzed.

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O31) PYRIMETHANIL AND FLUDIOXONIL IN PRE-HARVEST FOR THE POST-HARVEST MANAGEMENT OF ROT IN TABLE GRAPES CAUSED BY PENICILLIUM SP.

Riveros, F.(1); (1): Consultor Independiente, Santiago, Chile

Chilean table grapes faced a series of factors that alter their condition. Practices that affect skin, such as tem-perature increase necessary for methyl bromide fumigation, prolonged storage periods, and market satura-tion favor fruit decay, mainly caused by B. cinerea and Penicillium sp. One strategy for Penicillium sp control is the reduction of inoculum on healthy berries before harvest. Post-harvest studies have shown that active ingredients such as pyrimethanil and fludioxonil act simultaneously against B. cinerea and Penicillium sp.

The objective this study was to evaluate the effect of both active ingredients on post-harvest decay. The study was carried out on Red Globe variety trained on Spanish trellis, that received the following pre-harvest treatmentsT1 fenhexamid 50 % (Altivo 500 SC) x2; T2 pyrimethanil 40 % (Bonnus 400 SC) x2; T3 fenhexamid 30% +fludioxonil 12.5 % (Frontal 425 SC) x2; T4 pyrimethanil followed by fenhexamid; T5 fenhexamid followed by pyrimethanil; T6 fenhexamid+fludioxonil followed by fenhexamid and T7 fenhexamid followed by fen-hexamid+fludioxonil.

Fruit from all treatments was harvested and packed in 8.2 Kg boxes according to exportation protocols. Boxes were kept in cold storage at 0°C and 90% relative humidity, initially for a period of 45 days and af-terward for 48 hours at room temperature. Boxes were returned to the cold storage chamber for a period of 28 days, and 4 more days at room temperature before being evaluated.

The results obtained in post-harvest show that Penicillium sp. was the primary cause of decay. Fenhexamid applied two times in pre-harvest presented a significantly higher number of rotten berries per box compa-red to the number of rotten berries per box with one or two applications of pyrimethanil and/ or fludioxonil. The weight per box of rot resulting from applications of fenhexamid in pre-harvest was significantly higher than the weight per box resulting from treatments that included one or two applications of pyrimethanil and/ or fludioxonil. These results confirm the relevance of rot caused by Penicillium sp in the post-harvest.

*This study was financed by ANASAC Chile SA, under the project: Control Strategies for Disease in Table Grapes.

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O32) EVALUATION OF RECYCLABLE SO2 EMITTING LINER BAG IN PACKING EFFICIENCY, COOLING TIME, WATER LOSS AND BOTRYTIS CONTROL OF STORED GRAPES VARIETIES ARRA 15 AND CRIMSON SEEDLESS.

Cáceres, S.(1); León, A.(1); (1): Quimas S.A., Santiago, Chile

Traditional packaging method for exporting table grapes from Chile considers the use of a perforated High Density Polyethylene bag (HDPE), two Sulphur Dioxide generators, one above the fruit and one at the bo-ttom of the box and four pieces of paper used to absorb excessive water and to envelop the grapes. An innovative system consisting in only one item, smartPac®, a recyclable Sulphur Dioxide emitting liner bag, was compared with the traditional system in varieties Arra 15 and Crimson Seedless in Chilean Central Valley during seasons 2018 and 2019.During season 2018 (Arra 15) and 2019 (Crimson Seedless), grapes were harvested, fumigated with SO2 in chamber, packed inside perforated bunches bags and placed in corrugated containers of 8,2 kg capacity. Four berries infected with a conidial suspension of Botrytis cinereal were placed in all boxes, to determine the effectiveness in controlling mycelium growth. Three packaging methods were evaluated; (a) commer-cial method used by the exporter, which includes HDPE 0,9% vented area (VA) and two Sulphur Dioxide ge-nerators, a top pad with 7 to 8 g of Sodium Metabisulfite (SMB) and one bottom pad with 2,5 to 3g of SMB; (b) smartPac® bag with 7 g of SMB and 0,3% of VA; (c) smartPac® bag with 4 g of SMB and 0,3% of VA; and (d) a control treatment which includes only a HDPE liner bag 0,9% VA. Fruit was examined after 8 weeks at 0°C plus 2 additional days at 20°C.SmartPac® was 40% faster to pack and reduced water loss from 2,94% to 2,5% in 2018 and form 1,6% to 1,1% in 2019. Botrytis cinerea incidence was significantly lower in smartPac® than control with no SO2 (2,0% vs 34,1% w/w) and similar to conventional packaging (2,7%) in 2018; in 2019 the presence of berries with slip skin was significantly lower with smartPac®.The use of this technology reduces the use of excessive packaging and has significant advantages in pac-king efficiency. Its lower ventilation reduces weight loss without affecting pre-cooling time and it is as much effective as the traditional Sulfur Dioxide generator inhibiting Botrytis cinerea infection.

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POST-B) POSTHARVEST TECHNOLOGY AND FRUIT QUALITY

O33) THE CHEMOSENSORY BASIS OF FLAVOR IN TABLE GRAPES

Maoz, I.(1); Kaplunov, T.(1); Raban, E.(2); Dynkin, I.(3); Degani, O.(3); Lewinsohn, E.(4); Lichter, A.(1); (1): Department of Postharvest Science. The Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion, Israel (2): The Agricultural Exten-sion Service of Israel, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Rishon Lezion, Israel (3): Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, The Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion, Israel (4): Department of Vegetable Crops, The Volcani Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel

Background and aimsThe full flavor of grape berries is determined by the interactions of sugars, acids, volatile compounds and other berry properties, such as astringency. Sugars and acids are important for berry taste, whereas volatile compounds are important for the unique berry flavors. While specific compounds, such as linalool, rose-oxi-de, were shown to be important for the Muscat flavor, the aim of this study was to examine a wide range of volatile and non-volatile components, their interactions and their significance for fruitiness perception, berry flavor and preference.

Experimental procedures and resultsSamples were collected from 134 new table grape lines and commercial varieties and tested for various berry properties, such as crunchiness and astringency, Brix, acidity, volatile profiles and organoleptically by semi-trained tasting panels. At the sensory level, flavor impression was strongly correlated to berry preferen-ce, whereas among ‘fruity’, ‘neutral’, ‘herbaceous’ and ‘muscat’, only ‘fruity’ flavor was correlated to berry pre-ference. At the chemical level, 114 volatile compounds were detected in the 81 breeding lines and cultivars examined, and grouped into ‘core’ and ‘unique’ categories. The typical berry flavor seemed to depend on the major volatile aldehydes—1-hexanal and (E)-2-hexenal—accounting for up to an average 85% of the berry’s core volatile concentration. We found four volatile compounds—α-bergamotene, geranyl formate, aristolene and α-penansinene—previously undetected, to our knowledge, in fresh grape berries.

Discussion and significance of the studyHigh scores of ‘fruity’ flavor were related to three independent factors: (i) presence of unique volatile com-pounds, such as the sesquiterpene α-copaene, (ii) higher total concentration of volatile compounds, (iii) optimal maturity associated to high TSS levels, interacting with berry volatile composition. These combined sensory and analytical data on the flavor of table grapes can improve our understanding of the complex interactions between chemical and sensory perception in fruit and can be incorporated into breeding pro-grams for selection of new varieties with improved flavor.

AcknowledgmentsThe study was supported by grant 20-14-0004 from the Chief Scientist of the Israeli Ministry of Agriculture. We acknowledge the initial support from the Table Grape Board in the Fruit Council of Israel.

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O34) EFFECTS OF CLUSTER COVERING ON THE FRUIT QUALITY, AND VOLATILE COMPOSITION IN COLD-HARDY TABLE GRAPE

Moreira, L.(1); Suresh, J.(1); Brockman, S.(1); Hegeman, A.(1); Treiber, E.(1); Clark, M.(1); (1): Dept. of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, St. Paul, United States

In table grape, appearance and flavor are important attributes of fruit quality with crucial roles in consu-mers’ acceptance of new varieties. Volatile organic compounds (VOC) contribute to the flavor and aroma profile of a cultivar, but environment and management practices highly influence the content of VOCs du-ring fruit development. In this study, we assessed the effect of covering clusters on fruit quality parameters (cluster and berry weight, soluble solid content, titratable acidity, decay, and cluster appearance) and VOC composition. At veraison, clusters from three table grape varieties (Somerset Seedless, Jupiter, Vanessa), one University of Minnesota’s selection (MN1277), and one wine variety (Itasca) were covered with Demeter paper bags (15 x 18.5 cm) and then assessed at harvest. VOCs were analyzed using liquid-liquid extraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. A statistical analysis (ANOVA) con-sidering the influence of coverage on fruit quality demonstrated that bag coverage did not influence fresh cluster weight, solid soluble content, or overall appearance (α = 0.05). Covered clusters had lower total acidity levels. Decay differed significantly among varieties and treatments (α = 0.05) as treated clusters had more berries with decay. For VOC content, the GC-MS results identified over 50 clearly defined features, of which 10 compounds belonging to different chemical groups have been identified. A multivariate approach (PCA) was applied to explore the variation in terms of VOCs and the fruit quality traits studied. The variation explai-ned by the first two components was 44.6%. Our findings suggest that bag coverage influences fruit quality and VOC content among different genotypes studied. This experiment was repeated in 2019 with berries harvested in September, and the complete results will be presented with hopes of spurring further research into these topics. The results of this study will allow a better understanding of covering clusters with paper bags for table grape production in Minnesota.

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O35) PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AFFECTS TEXTURE: STUDY IN A MOSCATEL DE ALEJANDRÍA X CRIMSON SEEDLESS EXPERIMENTAL PROGENY.

Salas-Tupper, V.(1); Gutiérrez-Ramírez, J.(1); Núñez, R.(2); Jiménez, N.(2); Ocarez, N.(2); Mejía, N.(2); Pérez-Donoso, A.(1); (1): Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (2): Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Centro Regional La Platina, Santiago, Chile

Grapevine is an important crop around the world, table grapes are the second most produced fruit after ba-nana, and their exportation in Chile represents nearly 3% of the gross domestic product. Local table grapes production involves the use of plant growth regulators (PGRs) to maximize quality and to satisfy the different markets preferences. It has been shown that firmness is a valuable attribute for the consumer appreciation of table grapes. In the present work we analyzed, through instrumental and sensorial comparison, which of the texture profile analysis (TPA) parameters might be of interest for the industry. We also tested the effect of PGRs in texture and other berry quality parameters. Texture was analyzed for three seasons in 640 grape-vine seedlings from the cross of Moscatel de Alejandría x Crimson Seedless. In each vine, six bunches where selected and sprayed with cytokinin at pre-bloom (stage 12 E-L, 5ppm) and with gibberellin after fruit set (stage 31 E-L, 10ppm). For analysis 18 ºBRIX berries were selected using a salt solution separation method. Texture was measured using a Universal Testing Machine with the TPA test, producing the parameters of hardness, gumminess, chewiness, cohesiveness, resilience and springiness. Based in a non-trained panel, a sensorial analysis was conducted in one of the seasons. Results reveal a strong correlation between sensorial firmness and instrumental gumminess (87%). PGRs increased berry weight, equatorial diameter, bunch width, rachis diameter and soluble solids, while diminished seed weight. Among all the textural parameters, only gumminess showed a significant and stable increase due to PGR treatments, other parameters have a varied response, reflecting the season effect. Thus, gumminess seems to be an interesting candidate for as-sessing firmness in grapes at industry and scientific level. For the first time it is reported that TPA berry tex-tural parameters are affected by PGRs treatments. This work was funded by FONDECYT program Nº 1170586.

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O36) EFFECTS OF FIELD TREATMENTS WITH DRY-K30 AND PHARMAMIN-M ON MECHANICAL PROPRIETIES AND COLOR OF GRAPE BERRIES AT HARVESTING AND DURING STORAGE

Marsico, A.(1); Basile, T.(1); Notarangelo, L.(1); Debiase, G.(1); Perniola, R.(1); (1): CREA-Research Center Viticulture and Enology, Turi, Italy

Background and Aims. Accurate measurement of color and firmness of grape berries was done at harves-ting and during storage, under simulated shelf life condition (0°C), in order to evaluate the effects of field applications of two fertilizers: DRY-K30 (Nitric Nitrogen 10.0% + K2O 8.0% + CaO 12% + SO3 5%, K-Adriatica) and Pharmamin-M (CaO 8.40% + MgO 1.60%, K-Adriatica).Experimental Procedure and Results. The study was conducted in 2018 on two table grape varieties (Red globe and Crimson seedless). Three foliar treatments with the two fertilizers was done at specific phenolo-gical stages: pre-closure of bunch, post-veraison and 10-15 days before harvesting. For each grape varieties, plants without treatments were used as control. 15 bunches were harvested from each treatments at their final ripeness stage and 450 berries of each treatments were randomly taken. Nine plastic bags, each contai-ning about 50 berries were set up, covered with a plastic film and placed in a cold store at 0°C. The mecha-nical behavior of 30 berries of each treatments was measured with a universal testing machine, in order to study the following parameters: resistance to detachment of pedicel, hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, springiness and chewiness. Furthermore, on each berry the main color indices were evaluated. All tests have been performed at harvesting and after 15, 30 and 45 days of cold storage and non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test were performed, in order to evaluate differences between treatment and control. On both varieties examined, field treatments with the two fertilizers tested resulted in significant variation of the different parameters studied, both at harvest and in postharvest. In particular, none of the field treatments resulted in significant variations of pedicel detachment resistance and hardness, compared to the control. However, their positive effects occurred during cold storage. Furthermore, both field treatments have posi-tively influenced the elasticity of the berries of both varieties at harvest and these positive effects have been preserved even during postharvest.Discussion and Significance of the Study. Results of this work, although requiring further confirmation, clearly demonstrate that the field application of DRY-K30 and Pharmamin-M increase the shelf life of the grapes in postharvest.

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O37) EVALUATION OF TABLE GRAPE QUALITY IN PACKAGES CONTAINING SO2 GENERATORS AND WEEKLY FUMIGATION WITH SO2.

Smilanick, J.(1); (1): Independent plant pathology consultant, Kingsburg California, USA Background and aims.California table grapes are promptly fumigated with sulfur dioxide (SO2) during pre-cooling, then fumigated weekly. Another method is to use SO2 emitting products in packages. Producers are interested in using both together to reduce the risk fruit will rot, but it needs evaluation. Experimental procedure and results. SO2 was measured with Gastec 5DH dosimeters. Quality, decay, and spread of Botrytis cinereawas recorded after 3 and 6 weeks at 1.0°C. Red colored ‘Vintage’ grapes, suscepti-ble to bleaching injury, were used.The combination of SO2 generated inside packages with SO2 fumigation was more effective than either method alone. Decayed berries were 3.6, 10.8, and 18.1 per 9 kg package, respectively, after 6 weeks when: 1) both SO2 fumigation and SO2 generators; 2) periodic fumigation was used alone; or 3) SO2 was emitted inside packages alone. Weekly fumigation more effectively controlled B. cinerea than biweekly fumigation with no increase in bleaching injury. SO2 emission from the some sheets lasted 60 days, while others ceased emission earlier. Weekly SO2 fumigation may have added SO2 to some generators or otherwise altered them. Very effective combinations of packaging and external fumigation were found, although one combination caused more bleaching injury than the other treatments. SO2 emission ceased in some liners in 25 days without influen-ce from weekly SO2 fumigation. Weight loss and rachis appearance were better in packages with an SO2 emitting liner, probably a result of mild emission and their smaller ventilation area (0.9% versus 2.0%).

Discussion and significance of the study. Combination of within-package generators with periodic fumigation is an acceptable approach to insure adequate decay control. With red-colored grapes, which are particularly susceptible to bleaching injury, the combination of methods should be done with care. This includes repeated SO2 measurement within pac-kages during fumigation and storage, with frequent exams to ascertain bleaching injury is not occurring. Although liners with less ventilation areas preserve rachis quality and retain SO2 emitted within packages better, precooling times may be prolonged compared to more ventilated packages.

Acknowledgements.We thank the cooperation of HMC Farms, Inc. in Kingsburg, CA and support of Quimas, SA, Santiago Chile.

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RBIO) REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY, FRUIT PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT, PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS

O38) DIFFERENTIAL CELL WALL METABOLISM IN CONTRASTING FIRMNESS TABLE GRAPES DURING DEVELOPMENT RIPENING AND POSTHARVEST

Olmedo, P.(1); Balladares, C.(1); Leiva, C.(1); Sepulveda, P.(1); Delgado-Rioseco, J.(1); Meneses, C.(1); Defilippi, B.(2); Pedreschi, R.(3); Campos-Vargas, R.(1); (1): Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile (2): Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Santiago, Chile (3): Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, Quillota, Chile

Fresh fruit exportation is one of the main sources for incomes in Chile, and table grapes are the most cultiva-ted species. Once harvested, the grape clusters must reach their final markets, resulting in long cold storage events. Therefore, the quality parameters of the grape bunches decrease and one of the most affected traits is the firmness of the berries. Firmness is a complex parameter that oscillates throughout the development of the grape berry, showing a lower firmness at the harvest than at the immature stages. In the present work, we evaluated berries of Vitis vinifera (L.) cv. Thompson Seedless displaying contrasting firmness du-ring development, ripening and cold storage events and we studied the biochemical properties of cell wall components and transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling. Our results revealed that at each stage of de-velopment and cold storage of the berries the cell wall monosaccharide composition showed significant differences in sugars involved in pectin and hemicellulose structures between the firmness contrasting phenotypes. The transcriptomic analyses indicated that several cell wall-related genes are differentially ex-pressed in the evaluated stages, pointing to a minor cell wall disassembly in firmer berries. The softer phe-notype showed a decrease in the expression of genes mainly involved in cell wall biosynthesis. Additionally, the metabolomic analyses indicated that during all stages assayed the firmness contrasting phenotypes showed significant differences in sugars metabolism. The berries obtained from the firmer phenotype con-tained more soluble galactinol and fructose-6-phospahate at veraison than the softer phenotype. Moreover, the softer phenotype accumulated more UDP-glucuronic acid, glucose and ribose at harvest. These results suggest a differential cell wall metabolism in both hard and soft phenotypes and could be influencing textu-re dynamics. Thus, this work attempts to understand the link between cell wall dynamics and berry firmness during development, ripening and cold storage. Acknowledgements: Fondecyt 1150492.

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O39) ANTHOCYANIN ACCUMULATION IN ‘BENITAKA’ TABLE GRAPE SKINS TREATED WITH ABSCISIC ACID AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF BERRY RIPENING

Roberto, S.(1); Shahab, M.(1); Ahmed, S.(1); Colombo, R.(1); Koyama, R.(1); Souza, R.(2); (1): Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil (2): Embrapa Grape and Wine, Bento Gonçalves, Brazil

Background and Aims: ‘Benitaka’ (Vitis vinifera L.) is a table grape which shows poor color development when grown under subtropical condition. The use of (S)-cis-abscisic acid (S-ABA) exogenous application is one of the recent techniques used to overcome this difficulty. The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between anthocyanins and skin color of ‘Benitaka’ table grape treated with S-ABA at different stages of berries ripening, considering the soluble solids (SS) content as reference. Experimental Procedure and Results: The experiment was conducted during summer season of 2015 and off-season 2016 crops in a commercial vineyard of 11-year-old ‘Benitaka’ vines, grafted onto rootstock ‘IAC 766 Campinas’ in Marialva, state of Parana (PR), Brazil. The vines were trained on overhead trellis and spaced at 3.0 × 6.0 m apart. A randomized block design was used for the experiment and the treatments included the application of 400 mg L-1 of S-ABA, according to the content of SS of the berries, assigned as follows: Control (no application); SS = 5-6 ºBrix ; SS = 7-8 ºBrix ; and SS = 9-10 ºBrix . A second application was performed for all treatments 10 days after the first application, except for the control. Berries analysis included, total and daily anthocyanins accumulation, color index of red grapes (CIRG) and daily CIRG development. The exogenous application of S-ABA when SS content ranged from 5-10 ºBrix can significantly enhances the contents and rates of total anthocyanins accumulation and CIRG of ‘Benitaka’ table grape, but when SS = 5-8 ºBrix provide a better response. Discussion and Significance of the Study: The exogenous application of S-ABA show a very signi-ficant effect on the anthocyanin contents as well as CIRG of ‘Benitaka’ table grapes. The right time of S-ABA application is a key toward achieving these goals when genes responsible for anthocyanin biosynthesis are receptive to this plant growth regulator, and better results were obtained when S-ABA is applied at earlier ripening, when SS content ranges from 5 to 8 ºBrix. Acknowledgments: Authors thank Sumitomo Chemical and Valent BioSciences for providing materials and funds.

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O40) EFFECTS OF ECKLONIA MAXIMA SEAWEED EXTRACT SPRAYS IN COMBINATION WITH FORCHLORFENURON ON QUALITY OF ELEVEN TABLE GRAPE VARIETIES

Colapietra, M.(1); Papa, G.(2); Schewes, R.(3); Larrain, P.(4); (1): Research Institute for Viticulture, Technical Station of Turi, Bari, Italy (2): Alzchem Group AG, Bari, Italy (3): KELP PRODUCTS INTERNATIONAL (PTY) LTD, Speyer, Germany (4): KELP PRODUCTS INTERNATIONAL (PTY) LTD, Lo Barnechea, Chile

For table grape quality, fruit size is one of most important quality attributes. Forchlorfenuron (CPPU) is ha-ving a well documented and important effect on berry size and weight, is highly used in different countries on different varieties. Using CPPU resulted in a reduction of the sugar content. Based on previous trials on Red Globe, Ecklonia maxima extract restored loss of °Brix and Colour by Gibberelic Acid sprays, a trial in diffe-rent varieties was planned with the objective to check if Ecklonia maxima extract could increase the quality (berry size) over the CPPU and if it could restore the reduction of °Brix. The trials were done in 2013 in Bari and Taranto, Italy, on plastic covered orchards of eleven Table Grape varieties: three seeded: Italia, Victoria and Red Globe and eight seedless: Sugraone (Superior), Sugrathirteen (Midnight Beauty), Sugraeighteen (Sophia), Autumn Giant, Regal Seedless, ArraEight, ArraEleven and ArraFifteen. Two treatments were tested: a single CPPU spray at 7,5ppm (1 L/ha of Sitofex®) with 1.000 L of water per hectare and another treatment with same rate of CPPU plus three Kelpak® sprays at 0,3%. The CPPU spray was applied at 12mm berry together with the first Kelpak spray, the other two sprays were applied 10 days apart. The control and all treatments received the same amount of GA3 per variety accordingly to standard practices. The yield ave-rage of the eleven varieties was: Control: 28,4 t/ha versus 31,08 t/ha of Sitofex and 32,35 t/ha for Sitofex plus Kelpak. The bunch weight average were: Control: 842 g., Sitofex: 922g., Sitofex plus Kelpak: 960 g. The berry weight average were: Control: 7,41g., Sitofex: 8,12g., Sitofex plus Kelpak: 8,46g., These results confirm that Ec-klonia maxina extracts add consistently around 4% increase on weight. Concerning sugar content, Control reached: 17,8 °Brix, Sitofex reduced to: 16,5°Brix and Sitofex plus Kelpak restored to: 17,5°Brix. This confirms, that the Ecklonia maxima extract could restore to similar level of the grapes without CPPU spray. The results demonstrate a consistent extra effect of Kelpak on berry size and yield, and also effect on the reduction on loss of quality by CPPU application.

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O41) BRASSINOSTEROIDS AS A TOOL TO IMPROVE COLOR IN ‘REDGLOBE’ BERRIES

Vergara, A.(1); Torrealba, M.(1); Alcalde, J.(1); Pérez-Donoso, A.(2); (1): Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (2): Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileA-lexis, Santiago, Chile

Under certain environmental conditions, proper color development is hindered and precise technical ma-nagements such as treatment with growth regulators are required. In this respect, little is known about the effect of brassinosteroids (BRs) on ripening of grapevine berries and their potential as a viticultural tool. Thus, color and other quality parameters of ‘Redglobe’ grape (Vitis Vinifera L.) berries were evaluated after treat-ment with three brassinosteroid analogs (24-epibrassinolide, Triol, or Lactone) which were applied at three concentrations (0.0, 0.4, or 0.8 mg/L), at the onset of veraison. A commercial formulation (B-2000) was also applied, at a recommended rate of 0.06 mg/L. The tested BR analogs were effective generating a statistically significant increase (p<0.05) in berry color (evaluated as Color Index for Red Grapes, CIRG), total anthocya-nins (e.g. 0.65 mg/berry for 24-epibrassinolide at 0.4 mg/L versus 0.39 mg/berry for application at 0.0 mg/L), soluble solids, and changing the balance of anthocyanin types present without altering other quality and yield parameters. The effects of BR analogs on color enhancement could be explained by an increase in total soluble solids and/or anthocyanin content. Treatment with 24-epibrassinolide (at 0.4 mg/L) and commer-cial formulation tended to favor the production of dihydroxylated anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside), which are responsible for the red and pink colors of grape berries. Results indicate that the use of BRs constitutes a potential tool in the production of table grapes. This work was supported by IDeA Program by Fondef – Conicyt (Grant No. CA13I10239) and CONICYT doctoral scholarship (21130026).

O42) CURRENT STATUS OF RED TABLE GRAPES COLOR CONTROL KNOWLEDGE

Peppi, M.(1); (1): Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Santiago, Chile

The use and over use of PGRs for berry sizing plus the arrival of new products, cultivation techniques, ge-netics and market restrictions have changed the scenario for color development in grapes. Berry sizing is usually the first priority for cultural practices decisions, and these reduce color development in higher or lower intensity according to which practice is used. Besides a basic effect related to pigments dilution on the skin surface of berries, gibberellins and cytokinins decrease color intensity. Color promoters like ethylene and abscisic acid are now being used under a new scenario of residue restrictions and the combination of growth regulators has get to a high level of sophistication where not only the product but also the concen-tration and the application time are key elements. The diversity of climates where table grapes are cultivated alters pigment accumulation, generating grapes from warmer regions with lighter colors that sometimes become insufficient. On the contrary, relatively cold areas have been problematic because excessive dar-kness tones of grapes. This geographical aspects plus the specific color identity of new cvs. and market requirements have augmented the need of knowing how to control pigment accumulation on grapes and therefore obtain particular color tones and intensity. This work analyzes the advances and needs of the gra-pe production regarding fruit color.

ORALS



O43) USE OF BIOSTIMULANTS AND ROOTING SUBSTANCES ON TABLE GRAPE NUTRIENT ASSIMILATION EFFICIENCY, YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY

Navarrete, R.(1); Aquino, O.(2); Gallo, C.(1); Francisco, E.(1); Piñero, L.(2); Gutiérrez, P.(3); Chafloque, V.(3); De La Torre, F.(4); Asaff, A.(5); (1): INNOVAK GLOBAL-PERÚ, Lima, Perú (2): INNOVAK GLOBAL-PERÚ, Piura, Perú (3): ECOSAC, Piura, Perú (4): INNOVAK GLOBAL S.A. DE C.V., Chihuahua, México (5): INNOVAK GLOBAL S.A. DE C.V. /CIAD A.C., Chihuahua, México

Grapevine nutrient oversupply, as well as shortage, can both result in unbalanced vine growth and poor grape production. However, agricultural growing practices have been evolving towards organic, sustainable or environmentally friendly systems with the idea to reduce chemical fertilizers without reducing the yield and quality, being biostimulants and rooting substances powerful tools for these purposes. The aim of the present work was to study the effect of a biostimulant, obtained from botanical sources, and a rooting subs-tance, in terms of root development, nutrient assimilation, yield and fruit quality.Field trials in Vitis vinifera (var. Sable)-vineyards were carried out in northern Perú, characterized by a sub-tropical climate, during May-August 2019 period. Five applications of the biostimulant (10 L/Ha) and two of the rooting substance (4 L/Ha), between grape cluster elongation and berry growth stages, were made. As response variables, root development (weight per cubic wire baskets), main root diameters, absorbent hair, leave tissue content of nitrates, K, Ca and P, yield and some fruit quality parameters were evaluated. For sta-tistical analyses, 2 treated and 2 untreated plots (controls) and 10 plants per plot were considered.At 90 days after punning (AP), in the first treated-plot (A), root development increased (p <0.05) 295%, while in the second (B) 55%, compared to controls. At the same time, main root diameters were 75% and 30% hi-gher than untreated plots in A and B, respectively (p <0.05). At 60 days AP, new root emergence increased 164% and 368% in A and B, respectively (p <0.05). Also, images showed more abundant absorbent hair in treated roots than controls. These results suppose a more efficient root system to nutrient assimilation from the soil. Indeed, at 60 days AP, Ca content average was 89% higher than control, while at 90 days AP, P con-tent resulted 47% higher. Although at 116 days AP, berry sugar concentration revealed no significant effect of treatments, fruits increased (p <0.05) 33% berry firmness, 16% berry weight, and 25% crop yield (Kg/Ha).In conclusion, root dynamics management with the applied treatment, favored root development, nutrient assimilation, yield and quality of table grape.

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Santiago - Chile.

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GENP) GRAPEVINE BREEDING, GENETICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

P01) IMIDA-ITUM BREEDING PROGRAM, TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY

Tornel, M.(1); Serrano, M.(2); Crespo, P.(3); (1): IMIDA - ITUM, Murcia, España (2): ITUM, Murcia, España (3): IMIDA, Murcia, España

The IMIDA Table Grape Team develops together with the Murcian company ITUM, S.L. (Research and Tech-nology in Table Grape), which groups more than 92% of the production of table grapes from the Region of Murcia, a breeding program to obtain new seedless varieties adapted to our agroclimatic conditions, with good quality for the consumer, economically profitable for the grower, that meet the needs of the market and respect the environment, aimed at sustainability. This collaboration has paid off and there are already 17 varieties registered in cultivation, which stand out for the crunchy texture of their berries, their high productivity and their low demands on cultivation techniques. ITUM’s partner already cultivate an area that exceeds 1.000 hectares in the 8 years they have registered va-rieties, equivalent to more than 16% of the regional area. Seeking to expand the initial objectives of the program, a new goal was added: incorporating resistance to diseases, specifically downy and powdery mildew, the main problems of cultivation in Spain and other areas of the planet. “Itumfifteen” was our first variety registered three years ago that presents tolerance to powdery mildew, globose berries with a crunchy texture, pleasant muscatel or lychee flavor and natural red color, cha-racteristics that together with the date of early collection have made it a variety highly demanded by our part-ners. “Itumseventeen”, the latest variety presented for registration, also has genes for tolerance to powdery mildew, muscat flavor, crunchy texture, early harvest, but its berries are white. The advantages of the cultiva-tion of these varieties are the lower crop losses and savings in phytosanitary treatments for farmers, grapes with less residues for consumers and a decrease in environmental impact, all towards sustainable agriculture. The development of the new varieties initially took place to strengthen local producers, but given the inte-rest shown by producers from the rest of the world, plant material was sent for cultivation only to countries of the hemisphere South that produce to counter-season. Last year 2019, the first commercial plantations in Chile were established, followed by Peru, Brazil, South Africa and Australia in the coming years.

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P02) BERRY SIZE GENETIC ARCHITECTURE REVEALED BY FINE AND EXHAUSTIVE QTL MAPPING ANALYSIS

Ocarez, N.(1); Jiménez, N.(1); Núñez, R.(1); Lagrèze, J.(1); Osorio, D.(1); Mejía, N.(1); (1): Centro Regional de Investigación La Platina, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Santiago, Chile

In grapevine, berry size determines productivity and it is the result of the complex process of fruit develop-ment, without exogenous plant growth regulators berry size is negatively influenced by seedlessness. Con-siderable efforts were made to understand the main genetic determinants of berry size that are not related to seed content, however most of the described genomic regions remain unstable, of overestimated effect, restricted to specific mutant experimental genotypes or point at very large regions for the analysis of candi-date genes. The main reason is the complex nature of this trait itself which implies the existence of very low effect QTLs difficult to trace. To describe the genetic architecture of berry size we performed a fine QTL map-ping experiment based in a large bi-parental population (Muscat of Alexandrie x Crimson Seedless, n = 580) that was genotyped by the Illumina 18 K SNP chip and phenotyped over five consecutive seasons for berry equatorial diameter (EqDi), berry weight (BeWe) and seeds weight (SeWe). Phenotypic data and best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) values were used for QTL mapping. The correlation of both EqDi and BeWe with SeWe was significant (r2 = 33.1 and 27.5% respectively) and thus seed content was used as covariate for analysis. Genetic parental maps contain 1,541 and 1,534 SNP markers, covering 1,575 and 1,430 cM, with 1 cM between adjacent markers and 313 kb/cM. For both traits, 50% of the total variation is explained by QTLs in each parental genotype. For berry size we identified up to 14 significant, reproducible and unique QTLs that are comprised in a genomic region of 11,107 kb that contains 1,058 genes. Of special interest, two QTLs from chromosome 5 that have as candidate genes transcript factors involved in cytokinin, gibberellin and auxin signaling, and from chromosome 11 a YABBY 5 transcription factor, member of a family that results in ex-treme fruit size in tomato. This information, although restricted to the bi-parental model, describes at gene level a genetic model for berry size determination. Validation steps in other backgrounds is under develop-ment for assisted selection purposes. Financed by FONDEF G09i1007 and FONDECYT 1170586.

P03) INIA-G2: A NEW CHILEAN TABLE GRAPE CULTIVAR

Peppi, M.(1); Defilippi, B.(1); Torres, E.(2); Ibacache, A.(3); Vergara, A.(1); Barba, P.(1); (1): Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA)-La Platina, Santiago, Chile (2): Unifrutti (current fi-liation), Santiago, Chile (3): Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA)-Intihuasi, currently retired, Vicuña, Chile

A new selection from the Table Grape Breeding Program at La Platina Experimental Research Center of the National Agricultural Research Institute (INIA) has been released. INIA-G2 (Vitis vinifera L. x Vitis vinifera L.) is a mid-season red cultivar with great attributes, particularly its firmness (>300 g/mm at maturity). Clusters are conic, loose, medium size and require minimum labor. Berries are seedless, ellipsoidal, medium size and very firm. Gibberellic acid spray increases berry size to about 21 mm of diameter. The selection has been grown on different locations from the north to the central south of Chile and has shown easy coloration with the usual gibberellic acid treatment. Taste is neutral, with a good balance of sugar and acidity at maturity. Vines are vigorous and have high basal fertility, therefore plants can be cane or spur pruned. Yield of ma-ture vineyards is close to 3.000 boxes/ha. Maturity (18-19ºBrix) is reached around one week after Thompson Seedless and two-three weeks before Crimson Seedless harvest time. Postharvest life of 45 days has been registered.The authors thank the support and funding from Biofrutales and CORFO 09-PMG7229

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Santiago - Chile.

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P04) INIA-G3: NEW MUSCAT TABLE GRAPE

Peppi, M.(1); Defilippi, B.(1); Torres, E.(2); Ibacache, A.(3); Vergara, A.(1); Barba, P.(1); (1): Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA)-La Platina, Santiago, Chile (2): Unifrutti (current fi-liation), Santiago, Chile (3): Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA)-Intihuasi, currently retired, Vicuña, Chile

The Table Grape Breeding Program of the National Agricultural Research Institute (INIA) has been working on the development of a new table grape muscatel cultivar with excellent appearance and consumer ac-ceptability evaluated by sensory tasting panels. INIA-G3 is a pink cultivar (Vitis vinifera L. x Vitis vinifera L.) that ripens late in the season. Clusters are naturally big and have multiple wings that determine long sphe-rical shape. When berry number is adjusted and cluster tipping done, cluster weight is around 550-600 g. Selection requires gibberellic acid for thinning. Berries are seedless -although can present seed rudiments-, ellipsoidal, firm and have muscat flavor. Berry size with gibberellic acid reaches 16-18 mm of diameter. Co-lor is an attractive bright pink. Vines are vigorous and present high fertility; spur pruning is recommended. Yields with tipped clusters are estimated in 3.000 boxes/ha. At 18ºBrix fruit is sweet and has excellent aroma and taste characters, but acidity can be too low if waiting more sugars. In Vicuña harvest is the first days of February, similar to a Crimson Seedless pick. Flavor in central valley vineyards maintains its muscat charac-teristics. Fruit after 45 days of cold storage preserves good quality and condition.The authors thank the support and funding from Biofrutales and CORFO 09-PMG7229

POSTERS



P05) DEVELOPMENT OF RESISTANT TO POWDERY MILDEW (ERYSIPHE NECATOR) TABLE GRAPE CULTIVARS (VITIS VINIFERA) BY THE INTRODUCTION OF REN1RUN1 GENES THROUGH BACKCROSSING METHOD Sosa-Zuniga, V.(1); Vidal, Á.(2); Alvarez, F.(3); Meyer-Regueiro, C.(4); Medina, C.(2); Arce-Johnson, P.(2); (1): Doctorado de Ciencias de la Agricultura Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal Pontificia Uni-versidad Católica ; Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (2): Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad Ciencias Biológicas Pon-tificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (3): Consorcio tecnológico de la fruta, Santiago, Chile (4): Doctorado en Genética Molecular y Microbiología Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile ; Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

Grape is the one of most important fruit crop worldwide and Chile is the first table grape global. The most destructive illness in grape in pre-harvest stage is powdery mildew, that is caused by the Erysiphe necator fungus. It generates yield decrease, due the bunch weight reduction, delay ripening, cosmetic damage and it favors the attack of Botrytis cinerea, which produces gray mold. Currently, the main control of powdery mildew is carried out by chemicals fungicides. This control has as consequence high expenses, negative effects in animal and human health and adverse environmental impact. In this moment, there is not Chi-lean grape commercial cultivars with powdery mildew resistant and favorable agronomic features. However, several powdery mildew genes have been described in literature, within them the REN1 locus and RUN1 gen. REN1 has been associated with decrease in secondary hypha development, ROS production and reduction in the conidiospores production. In other hand, RUN1 is related with programed cell death to avoid fungus penetration to host cell and the ROS generation. It was seen that the combined action of REN1 and RUN1 generate a stronger resistant to E. necator attack than each gen by separate. For this reason, the main target of this research was the development of double resistant REN1RUN1 table grape plants with fruit quality that fulfill the international market standards. To achieve this goal, directed crossed between double resistant plants and commercial varieties, Creemson Seedless, Tompsom Seedless, Red Globe, Superior Seedless and others, were made. Segregating progeny was analyzed by SSR molecular markers for REN1 and PCR-based primers for RUN1. As result of this research, 169 REN1RUN1 grapevine resistant plants, that are now growing on the field, were generated and other. Besides, others 500 segregating plants are growing in the green-house and their powdery mildew resistance and fruit organoleptic features will be evaluated soon. We ex-pect that during 2019-2020 season, new segregating resistant plants with good fruit quality will be selected and that in the future they will become the new national powdery mildew resistant grapevine varieties.

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Santiago - Chile.

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PPROTP) PLANT PROTECTION

P06) GRAPEVINE TRUNK FUNGAL DISEASES IN CAUQUENES AND ITATA VALLEYS

Grinbergs, D.(1); Chilian, J.(1); Reyes, M.(1); Castro, J.(1); Del Río, M.(1); France, A.(1); (1): Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Chillán, Chile

Trunk diseases are a major problem in grapevine, both for table grape and wine production, reducing plants productivity, berries quality and longevity of vineyards. In Chile, the problem has been mainly studied in highly commercial cultivars and in the north and central areas of the country. Thus, the objective of this work was to characterize the fungal species causing trunk cankers in different grapevine cultivars in va-lleys located in the south of Chile. A survey was conducted from different vineyards in Cauquenes and Itata valleys during 2019 and 2020. Wood samples were collected from diseased trunks and cordons showing yellowish-spongy-wood decay sectors with a dark brown margins, V-shaped-cankers, dark-brown-hard le-sions and vines showing foliar symptoms. Wood samples were collected from symptomatic plants of 12 di-fferent cultivars. Isolates were obtained plating wood sections that were previously disinfected using sodium hypochlorite-0.1%, ethanol-70%, rinsed with sterile-distilled-water and flamed. Wood pieces were plated in 25%-acidified-PDA or water-agar, incubated at 25°C and darkness until mycelial development and transfe-rred to PDA to obtain pure cultures. The isolates were identified by their cultural characteristics on PDA and MEA, morphometry of the fungal structures, and by the analyses of nucleotide sequences of ITS, Ef1α and β-tubulin. A total of 205 isolates were obtained being Botryosphaeriaceae spp. the most common isolated fungi (42%), with Diplodia as the most frequent genus in this group (D. seriata and D. mutila), followed by Neofusicoccum parvum, Botryosphaeria spp. and Dothiorella sp. The second group in importance was the Basidiomyecete, with Inocutis jamaiciensis as the most frequent species. Seimatosporium spp. were the third group in frequency, followed by Phaeoacremonium spp. and Phaeomoniella sp. Future studies will be developed to assess the pathogenicity and virulence of this fungi.

POSTERS



P07) DETERMINATION OF TEMPERATURES, MINIMUM, MAXIMUM THRESHOLD AND ACCUMULATION OF DEGREE DAYS (ADD) OF A GENERATION UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS IN THE LABORATORY OF LOBESIA BOTRANA (DENIS & SCHIFFERMÜLLER) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

Vitta, N.(1); Estay, P.(2); De La Barra, N.(2); Rivera, M.(2); (1): INIA, SANTIAGO, CHILE (2): , SANTIAGO, CHILE

During 2008, the phytosanitary scenario of the Chilean wine sector was strongly affected by the outbreak of Lobesia botrana ([Denis & Schiffermüller]) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The direct effects are that L. botrana is a quarantine pest for export markets. In the search for low environmental impact management tools, we sought to determine the optimal moments of pest control according to their biology, so the objective of the research was to determine the base temperature and calculate the thermal development constant of the Grape moth under controlled conditions. The temperature determination study was carried out at the INIA La Platina Entomology Laboratory, between October 2016 and July 2017. This consisted of recording the time that L. botrana remained as an egg, larva, pupa and adult in bioclimatic chambers at average temperatures of 7; 10; 14; 20; 27 and 32 °C, with a standard deviation below 0.2 °C; with a daily 12-12 hour light cycle and half an hour of transition between dawn and sunset. The results allowed at the laboratory level to determine that the minimum base development temperature of L. botrana is Tbi = 8.9868 °C, and the growth rate GR (t°) = 0.2138 * (t° 9). For the base temperature or higher threshold, it was determined that the best coincidence occurs for a horizontal cut-off temperature of Tbs = 27.4 °C. The life cycle of the pupa grape moth to adult was completed in 629 degree days. The project was funded by FIA, code PYT-2015-0097.

P08) DETERMINATION OF NATURAL PARASITISM, IN PUPAS OF LOBESIA BOTRANA ([DENIS & SCHIFFERMÜLLER]) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), COLLECTED IN INIA MONITORING STATIONS

Vitta, N.(1); Estay, P.(2); (1): INIA, SANTIAGO, CHILE (2):

Lobesia botrana third generation pupas during the 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 season were collected from the barracks of five of the six Monitoring Stations that INIA maintained through the FIA –SAG project “Develop-ment of alert models for the control of Lobesia botrana in Chile”. Groups of 50 or more pupae were installed in bioclimatic chambers at 7.10 and 14 ºC, with 40% Relative Humidity and 10 hours of light and 14 hours of darkness. The pupae were installed as of April 28, 2016 and June 14, 2016, the presence of parasitism was determined in two of the Monitoring Stations, Fundo Las Casas, Chépica, O’Higgins Region, a property that has maintained since the season 2015-2016 sexual confusion and in the MS of Paine, Champa, Metropolitan Region, which did not present sexual confusion. The parasite found is a parasitoid of pupae of the Order Hymenoptera Family Ichneumonidae, according to the identification that was made in the Entomology La-boratory it is the native parasite of pupae Coccygominus fuscipes which according to Lanfranco 1980; 1986, Neira (1983), Prado (1991) would have as hosts Ryacionia buoliana, Cydia molesta, Orgya antiqua, Pieris brassi-cae and Rachiplusia nu, of these Ryacionia buoliana and C. molesta belong to the same family of L. botrana, Tortricidae family. The material kept in aging, in an MS with sexual confusion, at 10 ºC reaches 40.7% control. Its presence in the upbringing could be indicating its importance in the reduction of the plague in the third winter generation in natural conditions, especially when it is managed under Integrated Pest Management programs. The project was funded by FIA, code PYT-2015-0097.

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Santiago - Chile.

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P09) HOST RESPONSE OF GRAPE ROOTSTOCKS TO PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES UNDER REPLANT CONDITIONS

Meza, P.(1); (1): INIA, Santiago, Chile

Plant Parasitic Nematodes (PPN), are microscopic animals can cause major damage to table and grapevine reducing yield and healthy roots. The use of natural resistance of crops to PPN is one of the most economic and environmentally sound method for managing of these pathogens. The main goal of this project was to evaluate the host response of Paulsen, Harmony and Ramsey, rootstocks to plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) under replant conditions. This research was conducted in Experimental Center of Investigation INIA-La Platina, between 2015 and 2019. Nematode population was composed by Pratylenchus spp., Xiphinema americanum s. l., Mesocriconema xenoplax, Trichodorus, Hemicycliophora spp., Helicotylenchus spp. and other parasitic genus. During each season of evaluation soil samples were taken at early spring, summer and post-harvest. Data were analyzed using a generalized linear model with a Poisson distribution and a log link function. After three seasons of evaluation, we found that Harmony and Paulsen rootstocks can reduce the population of PPN, but only Ramsey showed significant statistical differences (p≤ 0.05) with ungrafted varieties, limiting considerably the population of PPN. The results obtained on this investigation can contri-bute to development one integrated management strategy to PPN on the grape production process.

Acknowledgments, this work was financed by Ministry of Agriculture of Chile, Grant 502391-70.

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P10) GENERATION OF WARNING SYSTEMS OF ESTABLISHMENT, DEVELOPMENT AND TIMELY CONTROL OF LOBESIA BOTRANA (D. & S.) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) IN THE ATACAMA REGION

Salas, C.(1); González, R.(2); Zlatar, J.(3); (1): INIA Intihuasi, La Serena, Chile (2): Tecnología Aeronáutica Automatizada, Santiago, Chile (3): INIA Inti-huasi, Vallenar, Chile

During 2008, the phytosanitary scenario of the Chilean wine sector was strongly affected due to the arrival of Lobesia botrana. Since the beginning of the establishment of the Official Control Program (PNLB) in Chile carried out by SAG, catches of L. botrana in the Atacama Region have been reduced compared to those re-corded in the Central zone. However, until now there were no studies aimed at determining the probability of establishment of the pest considering ecological factors. Due to the economic relevance of wine produc-tion for the Atacama Region as the main area of early production, a probability of establishment assessment model was developed taking into account the influence of the climatic factors of the communes of Alto del Carmen, Copiapó and Vallenar on the development activity and survival of L. botrana. As a result of the research, SEPEP was created, an executable program that allows the evaluation of the probability of esta-blishment and development of L. botrana in typical temperatures and humidities of the study area. SEPEP generates maps of risk levels based on a fitness relative index generated through the following sub-indices: daily temperatures, crepuscular temperatures, larval survival, pupae survival, and cumulative day degrees. The final relative index is ranked by quartiles, generating the following bioclimatic aptitude classes for the pest: 0. No information (outside the modeling area), 1. Low aptitude, 2. Medium-low aptitude, 3. Medium-hi-gh aptitude, 4. High aptitude. The risk level maps of L. botrana generated for Alto del Carmen showed po-tential catches of 1 individual per year. In the remaining locations, the chances of positive catches per year were less than 1 individual. The information generated is extremely important for the region since it could be used by the national phytosanitary authority to establish areas of low prevalence, as well as to delimit L. botrana free orchards, with the consequent economic benefits for the export sector.

Acknowledgments: The research was funded by the Regional Government of Atacama, through the project code BIP 30486379.

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Santiago - Chile.

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P11) MITIGATION OF POWDERY MILDEW FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE ON TABLE GRAPE PRODUCTION IN CALIFORNIA

Torres, G.(1); Naegele, R.(2); Mahaffee, W.(3); (1): University of California Cooperative Extension, Tulare, CA, United States (2): USDA ARS, Parlier, CA, Uni-ted States (3): USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR, United States

Powdery mildew (PM) is the most important disease in table grape production worldwide. Erysiphe necator, causal agent of PM, can colonize different organs of the plant including, leaves, rachis and fruits. The most important damage for table grape can be observed on the berries, where scars can result in sites of entry for sour rot causal organisms or cosmetic damage that makes the grapes unmarketable. About 90% of the US table grape production is concentrated in the southern San Joaquin Valley in California. Despite having summer temperatures above 35°C that are detrimental for the pathogen, spring and fall temperatures are conducive for PM development and PM is an annual challenge for table grape producers in the valley. In or-der to reduce the risk of fungicide development and extend the lifespan of registered fungicides, the Univer-sity of California Cooperative Extension (UCCE) and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) with support from the California Table Grape Commission (CTGC), NIFA-SCRI FRAME networks project, and local growers, started in 2019 an 8 hectares experiment to evaluate 6 different fungicide rotations for controlling PM and the effect on local PM populations. Fungicides from the FRAC groups 3, 7, 11, 13, 17, 50 and U8, registered in California for PM control were included in the study on table grape cultivar Autumn King. The products were sprayed every two weeks from bloom to veraison. The simplest rotation included only fungicides from the FRAC groups 3 and 13; the most complex rotation does not repeat FRAC groups. Once the temperatures start to decrease in the fall, sprays will be resumed to protect the rachis of the clusters and reduce potential inoculum for the next season. DNA samples of PM were scheduled to be taken at bloom, veraison and har-vest. Good control of the disease has been observed with all treatments, but rotations that reduce the use of FRAC 11 and 3 are advised. The ongoing research is expected to continue for another season, and results will be shared with growers. The authors express our thanks to valley growers, Ag-chemical companies and the CTGC.

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P12) USE OF VITANICA RZ AS A BIOLOGICAL TOOL FOR CONTROL OF DECAY IN TABLE GRAPES CV. TIMCO.

Maiers, K.(1); Flores, L.(1); Camacho, H.(1); Tabilo, H.(2); Arriagada, V.(2); (1): Compo Expert Chile, Santiago, Chile (2): Centro de Evaluación Rosario, Rosario, Chile

The development of diseases in table grapes is a problem when defining a fungicide program that meets the residue limits and number of active ingredients required by the destination markets. In addition, the increase in the detection of secondary pathogens such as Penicillium sp. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Vitanica RZ (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain R6-CDX plus Ecklonia maxima extract) incorporated in a conventional application program in table grape cv. Timco, in the control of postharvest rot. Two treatments applied in pre-harvest were evaluated: T1 application of Vitanica RZ at 300 cc / hL and T2 conventional program (Melaleuca alternifolia 166.6 ml / hL, Fenhexamid 100 ml / hL and Grapefruit extract 180 ml / hL), applied 98, 46 , 14 and 7 days before harvest, respectively. All applications were made with a wetting of 1200 L / ha. The incidence of postharvest rot was evaluated, after 45 days of keeping the fruit at 0 ° C. A DCA with 4 repetitions was used and the data were analyzed through an ANDEVA and PCM Fisher (95%). After 11 days at room temperature, no differences were observed in the development of Botrytis ci-nerea, both treatments presenting a 1% incidence rate. However, the development of Penicillium sp. It was statistically lower in the T1 treatment (1%) compared to T2 (10%). Vitanica RZ can be included in a program of frontal fungicides for the control of B. cinerea, as an effective biological alternative in the control of post-har-vest secondary pathogens.

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Santiago - Chile.

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P13) AN EFFICIENT METHODOLOGY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GRAPEVINE RUPESTRIS STEM PITTING ASSOCIATED VIRUS-FREE ROOTSTOCKS

Madariaga Villarroel, M.(1); Sepúlveda, K.(1); Ramírez, I.(1); Serrano, A.(1); (1): Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Santiago, Chile

Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV) is considered as one of the most prevalent graft-transmissible viruses infecting the Vitis species and its dispersion relies mainly on the exchange of infected materials, vegetative propagation and grafting.There are many economic losses caused by viral infections in the vine crops. In this way, among grapevine virus removal methodologies, the meristems cultivation, extracted from plants previously exposed to ther-motherapy, is the basis for virus-free plants production. However, the regeneration and survival percentages of plants are not satisfactory.The goal of this work is to establish efficient methodologies for obtain Rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV)-free plants. To develop this, the presence of GRSPaV was analyzed by RT-PCR in Freedom rootstock, and then, infected Freedom micro stakes were introduced to invitro conditions. Four different treatments were established, in which, for each one, 50 plants obtained of micro-stakes were used. The treatments (T) were the following: T1. One thermotherapy cycle (60 days) + meristem culture. T2. two ther-motherapy cycles (120 days) + shoot tips culture. T3. One thermotherapy cycle. T4. meristem culture. The sur-vival plant rate was analyzed after each treatment, and the surviving plants were analyzed to determine the presence or absence of the virus, when they were 6 cm in size and 5 true leaves. The results indicated that the most effective treatment was the number 2, since a regeneration percentage of 73% and a sanitation efficiency of 33%, were observed. The virus-free condition of plants generated has been corroborated after 12 months of growth.

Acknowledgments: 09PMG-7229 INNOVA CORFO

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P14) DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR LOBESIA BOTRANA IN VINES: ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI AND BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS AT THE SERVICE OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE

Tapia, E.(1); Altimira, F.(1); Vitta, N.(1); Díaz, Y.(1); De La Barra, N.(1); Godoy, S.(1); (1): INIA, Santiago, Chile

Lobesia botrana is a quarantine pest under official control since 2008 in Chile, present from the Atacama to the Araucanía Regions, mainly affecting vines, blueberries and plums. On the vine, medium and large producers implement management plans that allow mitigating the pest, but are affected by the constant infestations from the urban sectors near to the vineyards. Therefore, for better pest control, acceptable te-chniques are required in urban environments. To achieve this, in a first stage different entomopathogenic fungi were classified and evaluated in vitro, which were classified according to their ease of large-scale pro-duction, of being formulated and for their infectivity on pupae. In a second stage, integrated management strategies of L. botrana were developed where biopesticide applications were made in two stages of moth development. On pupae in winter diapause, the fungi Beauveria pseudobassiana RGM 2184 and Metarhi-zium robertsii RGM 678 are applied and for larvae was a commercial Bacillus thuringiensis. The efficiencies obtained by fungi in the Metropolitan and O’Higgins Regions ranged from 50% to 70% in winter. On the other hand, the effectiveness of B. thuringiensis applications ranged from 55% to 85% in spring. Finally, traps were established to monitor males in areas with fungal applications, where RGM 678 reduced catches by 90% and RGM 2184 showed a 50% reduction in male capture in the mentioned regions.

P15) EFFECTIVENESS OF MAMULL (TRICHODERMA SPP. Y BIONECTRIA SPP.) IN THE CONTROL OF TRUNK WOOD DISEASE IN TABLE GRAPE.

Torres, C.(1); Donoso, E.(1); Hettich, W.(2); Caballero, J.(2); Alvarez, L.(3); (1): Bio Insumos Nativa SPA, Talca, Chile (2): Fitonova SPA, Talca, Chile (3): Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga de Ica, Ica, Perú

Grapevine trunk diseases are one of the principal disorders that cause a loss of plants in Chile and Peru. Anamorphs Botryosphaeria species, represent the principal agents that infect pruning cuttings in Chile; they are reported as Diplodia seriata, Neofusicocum australe, Neofusococum parvum, and in Peru Lasiodi-plodia theobromae (recently detected in Chile avocado plantations), dominating over other species. Che-mical sprays lack an extended protection time and the use of pastes demands logistic complexity, which has driven the development of biological control agents. In this aspect, the aim of this work was to asses the effectiveness of a commercial multi-strain formula of Trichodermas and Bionectria. Various control and field trials were established in Chile and Peru, to assess the effectiveness, protection time, retroactive effective-ness and reduction of Botryosphaeria like fungus inoculum. The results demonstrate an efficacy of Mamull similar to chemical paste, extended protection time up 120 days, retroactive effect between 24 and 48 hours dependent of environmental conditions, and an effective reduction over inoculum in suspension in a 54 %. This result shows a high feasibility of preventive control of trunk disease, surprising logistic problem of the paste with a similar statistical control compared with chemical paste and other chemicals currently used.

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Santiago - Chile.

99 I

FISIOP) CROP PHYSIOLOGY AND VINEYARD MANAGEMENT

P16) PHENOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF MAYLEN® INIAGRAPE-ONE CV (VITIS VINIFERA) TABLE GRAPE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF NORTHERN CHILE: A LONG-TERM STUDY

Verdugo-Vásquez, N.(1); Ibacache, A.(1); Barba, P.(2); (1): Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Centro Regional de Investigación Intihuasi, La Serena, Chile (2): Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Centro Regional de Investigación La Platina, Santiago, Chile

In recent years, the Table Grape Breeding Program of the Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA) of Chile, together with the technological consortium Biofrutales, registered a black mid-season variety of table grapes, Maylen® Iniagrape-one cv, which has been planted in different agroclimatic conditions. Howe-ver, long-term information on the phenological behavior of this new variety is scarce. Therefore, the aim of this work is to characterize the phenological behavior of the Maylen® Iniagrape-one cv table grape under the conditions of northern Chile. For thirteen consecutive seasons (from 2006 to 2018), phenology observa-tions of Maylen® Iniagrape-one cv (budburst, flowering, setting, veraison and harvest dates) were recorded, using phenology scales at intervals of 5-7 days, at the Vicuña Experimental Center (Elqui Valley). Climatic information was recorded by an automatic weather station. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard devia-tion) of the phenological stages were calculated. Additionally, mean, maximum and minimum moth tem-perature were calculated and related to the occurrence dates of the phenological stages and the duration of the phenological periods (budburst-flowering, flowering-veraison, veraison-harvest and budburst-harvest) through Pearson’s correlation. The main results showed that the average date of budburst, flowering, set-ting, veraison and harvest corresponded to the days of the year 228, 294, 300, 358 and 16, respectively. The phenological stages showed a high variability between seasons, with standard deviation values between 5 and 10 days, being setting the most variable. Regarding the relationships of the phenological stages with the climatic information, the minimum temperature of the month of July was negatively related to the date of budburst and positively with the duration of the budburst-harvest period, while the temperature of the month of September (maximum, mean and minimum) was positively related to the harvest date and the duration of the veraison-harvest period. Future work could use these relationships to model the phenology of Maylen® Iniagrape-one cv and predict the phenological behavior under new climate change scenarios. AcknowledgementsCORFO 09PMG-7229. The authors are grateful to their technical staff who performed the observations of phenology (Elizabeth Pastén and Carmen Jopia). NVVthanks for the financial support given by CONICYT Postdoctoral FONDECYT 2018 Nº3180252.

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P18) CAN ROOTSTOCKS MODIFY OCCURRENCE DATE OF PHENOLOGICAL STAGES IN TABLE GRAPES?

Verdugo-Vásquez, N.(1); Zurita-Silva, A.(1); Ibacache, A.(1); (1): Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Centro Regional de Investigación Intihuasi, La Serena, Chile

One of the great challenges of grapevine industry, in all its productive systems (table grapes, wine grapes, rai-sins, among others) corresponds to adapting vineyards to new scenarios imposed by climate change (dryer and warmer conditions). Adaptations to these new scenarios consider changes in viticultural management (for example, pruning date, leaf area to fruit ratio, among others) and in plant genotypes such as rootstocks, cultivars, clones, (among others), in such fashion for keeping harvest dates in optimal climatic conditions for the vines. In recent years, use of rootstocks in table grapes has become widespread in Chile, mainly to solve problems of nematodes, soil conditions and replanting. However, information about rootstocks’ effects on occurrence date of phenological stages and their potential use to adapt to climate change is scarce in the literature. Therefore, the aim of this work was to determine the effect of rootstock use in table grape cultivars over occurrence dates of budburst and flowering, growing under hyper-arid conditions of northern Chile. Ten rootstocks plus control (own-rooted) were evaluated at Vicuña Experimental Center (Elqui Valley), using a completely randomized block design, on four table grapes cultivars (Red Globe, Flame, Thompson and Su-perior Seedless). For eight consecutive seasons (from 2002 to 2010), phenology observations (budburst and flowering date) were recorded using phenology scales at intervals of 5-7 days. The main results showed that rootstocks influence budburst dates depending on cultivar and season. For cv Red Globe no modifications were observed, whereas for cv Superior Seedless budburst dates were modified in 63% of seasons, with 140 Ruggeri rootstock exhibiting the most delayed budburst dates. Flowering dates underwent less modifica-tions compared to budburst dates. These results showed that rootstock modifications in vine phenology were dependent on cultivar. Future analysis will determine under which particular climatic conditions the phenological events are modified.

AcknowledgementsThe authors are grateful to technical staff who performed field phenology observations and maintenance of the experimental, Elizabeth Pastén, Carmen Jopia and Nelson Rojas. NVV thanks the financial support of CONICYT Postdoctoral FONDECYT 2018 Nº3180252.

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Santiago - Chile.

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P19) FRUIT QUALITY AND NUTRICIONAL CONTENT CHARACTERIZATION IN TABLE GRAPE VARIETY CRIMSON SEEDLESS IN PRE-HARVEST

Otárola, J.(1); Camacho, H.(2); Flores, L.(3); Tabilo, H.(4); (1): Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Rancagua, Chile (2): Compo Expert, Santiago, Chile (3): Com-po Expert, Rancagua, Chile (4): Centro de Evaluación Rosario, Rancagua, Chile

In order to evaluate the dynamics of the dry matter in table grapes variety Crimson Seedless, two trials were conducted in different comercial ochards located both in O’Higgins region. The first one was located speci-fically in Lo de Lobos, Rosario (34°23’22.4”S - 70°46’25.1”O) and the second one owned by Agricola Servando Jordan in Los Molles, San Vicente de Tagua Tagua (34°30’59.2”S 71°09’42.1”O).In the month prior to the harvest, during seasons 2018 and 2019, periodic sampling of grapes was carried out in both orchards to determine the evolution of dry matter percentage, the concentration of soluble solids and acidity. Additionally, we monitored the nutritional status of the plant in three moment to the determine the dynamic of the nutrient accumulation. In the harvest, all the bunches coming from each sampled sec-tor was weighed to contrast the effect of the yield on each one of the evaluated variables.During the first season, Lo de Lobos orchard had a higher crop load than the Los Molles, which negatively affected the concentration of P, K, Ca, Mg and Fe in grapes, however, there was no significant effect on the percentage of dry matter in the grapes. In addition, an inverse relationship was observed between the per-centage of dry matter and the N/Ca ratio in grapes, whereas, on the contrary, the concentration of calcium in grapes showed a direct relationship with the percentage of dry matter. During the second season, both orchards showed a similar crop load and a significant reduction in the level of dry matter in their grapes. The crop load adjustment carried out in the Lo de Lobos increased the concentration of potassium, boro and the N/Ca ratio, without having a significant effect on the percentage of dry matter.In conclusion, the level of dry matter in grapes is not specifically influenced by the crop load, but rather by other external factors related to climate and agronomic management.

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P20) TABLE GRAPE PRODUCTION UTILIZING HIGH TUNNELS: A SUSTAINABLE APPROACH

Garcia, M.(1); Hernandez, J.(1); Mcwhirt, A.(2); (1): University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, United States (2): University of Arkansas-Extension, Little Rock, Uni-ted States

The United States (US) is one of the top ten countries to grow grapes (Vitus vinifera) in terms of area harves-ted and tons produced. California, with an ideal grape growing climate, holds 90% of US grape production. However, with the increasing demands by consumers for local foods, it is important to explore other regions where sufficient natural resource availability may allow for table grape production. However, while these regions of may exhibit sufficient land and water resources for grape production, there are often challenges posed by less than ideal climate and pest pressures. High tunnel (HT) technologies are is an effective way to address these issues in the production of many different types of crops, including grapes, making the idea of efficient, low-input table grape production a reality in the southern US. The objective of this three year multidisciplinary study was to investigate the productivity, efficiency, and economic feasibility of growing table grapes under HT’s as an alternative for expanding production to areas where open field vineyard ma-nagement require high inputs due to both biotic and abiotic challenges which often result in low yields and poor fruit quality. We investigated the performance of three table grape cultivars: Faith, Gratitude, and Ju-piter. These plants were established in spring 2014 under a Quonset style Haygrove Super Solo HT (8 x 61m) using two training systems: modified double high cordon (east and west tunnel sides) and a Geneva double curtain (middle). The design was a randomized complete block design with six blocks per training system at plant spacing of 2.5 m within and between rows. This study was conducted at the University of Arkan-sas, Fayetteville, Ark. Measured variables included yield (total vine yield, cluster and berry weight), cluster number, disease and insect pest assessment, and marketability attributes. Results indicate precocity of all cultivars as well as increased performance for all variable measured. Based on the success of this study, we conclude that using HT’s is a feasible, sustainable alternative to growing table grapes in areas where open field vineyard management requires high inputs and as a means to diversify small acreage farm operations.

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Santiago - Chile.

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P21) ROOTSTOCKS FOR THE NEW SEEDLESS TABLE GRAPE ‘BRS VITÓRIA’ UNDER TROPICAL SEMI-ARID CONDITIONS

Leão, P.(1); Nascimento, J.(2); Lima, M.(3); (1): Embrapa Semiárido, Petrolina, PE, Brasil (2): Universidade do Recôncavo Baiano, (3): Embrapa Semiári-do,

The new Brazilian cultivar ‘BRS Vitoria’ has attracted great interest from the table grape industry especially in the São Francisco Valley, in the Northeastern region of Brazil, due to the high fertility of buds, yield, exotic and pleasant flavor and tasting and an certain tolerance to mildew. The aim of the present study was to de-termine the effect of the rootstock on the yield, production components, vigor, and quality attributes of the ‘BRS Vitória’ grape under irrigation in the Brazilian semi-arid region. The experiment was conducted over eight consecutive production cycles in the period from 2015 to 2018 in a commercial area in the Senador Nilo Coelho project, Petrolina, PE. Quality attributes of the grapes were evaluated during two seasons in 2017/2018. The treatments were represented by seven rootstocks: ‘IAC 572’, ‘IAC 766’, ‘IAC 313’, ‘Harmony’, ‘SO4’, ‘Paulsen 1103’, and ‘Freedom’, using a randomized block experimental design with four replications. The variables of pruning weight, bud fertility, yield, bunch mass and berry length were not affected by the rootstocks. However, vines grafted on to ‘Harmony’ showed larger number of bunches, associated with greater berry weight and diameter. In relation to grape quality attributes, there was no influence of the rootstocks on the firmness of the berry and soluble solids content. Lower soluble sugars contents were found in the grapes of vines grafted on to ‘IAC 572’, ‘SO4’ and ‘Harmony’, while higher titratable acidity was observed in the ‘SO4’ and ‘Freedom’ rootstocks in the 2nd half of 2017. This growing season favored the increase of the content of anthocyanins, yellow flavonoids and total extractable polyphenols content, whose values showed significant differences among rootstocks but were not stable in the two growing seasons. ‘BRS Vitoria’ showed high yield and good agronomic performance as well satisfactory grape quality in all the rootstocks evaluated in this study. The variations in grape quality among rootstocks and growing seasons and the low influence on the production components do not allow the recommendation of a particular rootstocks for ‘BRS Vitoria’ in the São Francisco Valley.

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P22) PLASTIC COVERS IN THE PRODUCTION OF TABLE GRAPES IN CENTRAL ZONE OF CHILE: EFFECTS ON MICROCLIMATE

Salazar-Parra, C.(1); Vergara, A.(1); Montano, C.(1); García, V.(2); Marfán, G.(2); Sellés, G.(1); (1): Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Santiago, Chile (2): Exportadora Subsole S.A., Santiago, Chile

Table grapes production in Chile has recently implemented the use of plastic covers with the aim of prevent and mitigate the negative effects of climatic events at sensitive moments of production (sprout, bloom, har-vest, etc.). However, this technology has important side effects, especially in microclimatic conditions of the orchard. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the effects of plastic cover on the microclimate of the orchard. For this, two sectors of the orchard (one with a plastic cover and the other one without it) were compared, and the average, maximum and minimum temperatures (at 1.8 and 2.2 m), solar radiation, wind speed, relative humidity, and reference evapotranspiration were evaluated. The average temperatures were higher under plastic cover compared to uncover condition. However, these differences were less marked once higher plant cover was reached (85%). Also, a decrease in solar radiations and the speed of the wind was observed, while the relative humidity was greater under plastic than in uncover condition. All this resulted in a decrea-se in reference evapotranspiration under plastic compared to uncover. This work was funded by CORFO (project code PI-1294).

P23) PLASTIC COVER EFFECTS ON PHYSIOLOGY AND FRUIT QUALITY OF TWO TABLE GRAPE VARIETIES IN THE CENTRAL ZONE OF CHILE

Salazar-parra, C.(1); Vergara, A.(1); Montano, C.(1); García, V.(2); Marfán, G.(2); Selles, G.(1); (1): Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Santiago, Chile (2): Exportadora Subsole S.A., Santiago, Chile

The use of the plastic cover has constituted in the last time an interesting tool that allows avoiding and mitigate the effects of climatic events during the development of the fruit. However, the effects on fruit quality and plant physiology are not entirely clear. Thus, the objectives of this work were to evaluate the effects of plastic cover on physiology (photochemical reflectance index, chlorophyll content, etc.) and the development (development states, solar radiation interception, etc.) of the plants, and harvest quality of fruit. For this, at San Vicente de Tagua Tagua (Regió de O’Higgins), plants with or without the plastic cover of the Thompson Seedless and Timco varieties were used. Both varieties showed an advance in the phenology of about 5 to 6 days compared to the uncovered condition. On the other hand, solar radiation interception, photochemical reflectance index, and the chlorophyll content was higher in plants under plastic than un-covered plants. Finally, plants under plastic cover showed a faster accumulation of soluble solids, greater firmness, weight, and berry size compared to the plants grown without cover. These results demonstrate that, under conditions and managements in which this work was carried out, plastic covers would favorably enhance the quality of the fruit. This work was funded by CORFO (project code PI-1294).

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Santiago - Chile.

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P24) IRRIGATION REDUCTION IN TABLE GRAPE PRODUCTION UNDER A PLASTIC COVER IN THE CENTRAL ZONE OF CHILE

Selles, G.(1); Vergara, A.(1); Montano, C.(1); García, V.(2); Marfán, G.(2); Salazar-Parra, C.(1); (1): Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Santiago, Chile (2): Exportadora Subsole S.A., Santiago, Chile

Table grapes production in Chile has recently implemented the use of plastic covers to prevent and mitiga-te the adverse effects of climatic events at sensitive moments of production (sprout, bloom, harvest, etc.). However, this technology has important side effects, especially in microclimatic conditions of the orchard. These effects mean a changes in plants water needs. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of reduc-tion of the volume of water applied during the season on soil moisture, plants water status, and fruit quality, under a plastic cover. To do this, during the 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 seasons, in an orchard of cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’ grown under a plastic cover and located at San Vicente de Tagua Tagua (Región de O’Higgins), three levels of irrigation were applied, equivalent to 100%, 85% and 60% of the water applied according to property management. As expected, there were differences among treatments in the water content in the soil; these differences become more marked from veraison to harvest. For its part, although there was a decrease in xylem water potential in the most restrictive treatment, the values were not entail significant stress. Finally, there were no differences in fruit quality among treatments, indicating that under the plastic cover a decrease in irrigation of at least 60% would be possible. This work was funded by CORFO (project code PI-1294).

P25) EFFECTS OF THE COLOR OF PLASTIC COVERS ON BERRY RED COLOR DEVELOPMENT IN THE CENTRAL ZONE OF CHILE

Vergara, A.(1); Montano, C.(1); Selles, G.(1); García, V.(2); Marfán, G.(2); Salazar-Parra, C.(1); (1): Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Santiago, Chile (2): Exportadora Subsole S.A., Santiago, Chile

Berry color is one of the most critical quality attributes of fruit. This attribute is strongly influenced by mi-croclimate in which the fruit develops and by the management of orchard such as uses of the plastic cover. In this sense, features of plastic covers are an unclear factor in terms of their effect on berry color develop-ment. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of using a white or green plastic cover on development of berry color in Cv. Scarlotta Seedless. For this, the external color of the berries (by colorimetry, using the Color Index for Red Grapes), accumulation of soluble solids and acidity and the evolution of the diameter and weight of the berries were evaluated. The effectiveness of ethephon application (350 ppm) under the condition of white or green plastic and the effect of these plastic colors on the quality of light were also evaluated. Under green plastic was observed an enrichment of the red light in detriment of the blue light in comparison to white plastic. There were no significant changes in soluble solids content, acidity, diameter and weights of the berries. On the other hand, the berry color of plants under green plastic was lower compared that observed in plants under white plastic. However, it is important to note that ethephon applications were effective in correcting this lower color. This work was funded by CORFO (project code PI-1294).

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P26) UNRAVELLING THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF THE GRAPE RIPENING ENHANCEMENT INDUCED BY PHARMAMIN M, A COMMERCIAL BIOACTIVE PRODUCT BASED ON A SPECIFIC COMPLEX OF FREE AMINO ACIDS.

Stile, M.(1); Bertini, E.(2); Tornielli, G.(2); (1): ADRIATICA SpA, Loreo, Italy (2): DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF VERONA, Verona, Italy

Background and Aims:The ripening process of grape berries involves a coordinated series of changes in color, texture, acidity and sugars accumulation. Due to many factors (temperature, fruit load, light, nutrition, viruses, water manage-ment) these changes may occur only in part, resulting in grapes showing poor color, low sugar content, high acidity and, more in general, decreased quality level and price. PHARMAMIN M, a commercial bioactive pro-duct containing a specific complex of free amino acids, has been shown to have a positive effect on grape ri-pening. The aim of this work is to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying the ripening enhancement induced by PHARMAMIN M applications.

Experimental Procedure: At veraison, field-growing grapevine plants were treated with PHARMAMIN M, either exclusively on clusters or exclusively on leaves. A transcriptomic approach has been exploited to reveal the genes modulated by the product. One week after veraison, microarray analyses were conducted on berry samples collected from treated and untreated plants.

Results: A total of 228 and 240 genes were differentially expressed in the berry samples from exclusively treated clusters and leaves, respectively, compared to the untreated samples. The two sets of genes were largely overlapping, suggesting that PHARMAMIN M may exert a similar action when applied to the leaves or to the clusters, and generally supporting the reliability of the results. Most of the modulated genes are annotated as involved in few specific metabolic pathways like: response to hormone stimulus, signal transduction, cell wall metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolic process. In addition, genes annotated as responsive to stress were significantly modulated.

Discussion and Significance of the Study. The transcriptomic analysis suggests that the positive effects on ripening shown by PHARMAMIN M is rela-ted to the modulation of genes mainly related to signal perception and transduction which, in turn, may be responsible of enhancing the grape ripening process.

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Santiago - Chile.

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P27) ROOTSTOCKS FOR TABLE GRAPE CULTIVAR BRS CLARA IN THE SÃO FRANCISCO VALLEY, NORTHEAST BRAZIL

Leão, P.(1); Siva, E.(2); (1): Embrapa Semiárido, Petrolina, PE, Brasil (2): Embrapa Semiárido,

The present work aimed to evaluate the influence of rootstocks on yield and fruit characteristics of table grape ‘BRS Clara’ in tropical conditions of São Francisco Valley, Northeast of Brazil. An experiment were ca-rried out during 2017 harvest season in Petrolina, Pernambuco State, Brazil (9º09’S, 40º22 ‘O and average altitude of 365.5m). ‘BRS Clara’ is a white seedless table grape released by Genetic Grape Breeding Program of Embrapa. It was grafted on six rootstocks: IAC 313, IAC 766, IAC 572, SO4, Harmony and Paulsen 1103. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with 3 replicates and 2 useful plants per plot. The data were submitted to variance analysis and comparison of means by the Tukey test at the 5% probability level. The results showed that yield were influenced by rootstock and higher yield were obtained in rootstock Paulsen 1103 with 26 ton/ha compared to 7 ton/h on rootstock IAC 572 which represents an increment of 73.4%. The number of bunches per vine and mass of the bunch were also higher in vines grafted on ‘Paulsen 1103’ roots-tock differing significantly from ‘IAC 572’. The physical and physical-chemical characteristics of the grapes, such as length and width of the bunch, mass and diameter of the berry, soluble solids content and ratio were not influenced by the rootstocks. The vines grafted on ‘Paulsen 1103’ presented mean values of 18.8°Brix for soluble solids content, 0.40 g tartaric acid/100mL for titratable acidity and 48 for ratio which shows gra-pes of very good quality to meet the requirements for consumption of different markets. In conclusion, the rootstock Paulsen 1103 is recommended for table grape ‘BRS Clara’ growth in the São Francisco Valley, Nor-theast of Brazil, for increasing yield without affecting other quality characteristics of the grape.

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P28) PLASTICS IN THE TABLE GRAPE INDUSTRY, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Maldonado, E.(1); (1): INSUMOS FRUTICOLAS SA, Colina, Santiago, CHILE

Background and AimsThe Table Grape industry has been around for centuries, but in the last fifty years, the success of grapes ex-port has allowed the entire planet to enjoy grapes year round. Grape export surged thanks to a number of modern developments in transportation and packaging. Transportation is faster, reliable and cost effective. Most of the packaging including boxes, liners, bags, SO2 pads, clamshells, etc., made of plastics, are highly available everywhere and very cost effective as well. Today, there are currents of change running through all industries. There is a need to manage, curtail, and eliminate plastic waste, particularly minimize single use plastic usage.The purpose of this work is to present the industry with a context of the challenge, consider ways to evaluate these concerns and show strategies that could lead the way ahead.

Experimental Procedure and ResultsMarkets and industry research.On the export side, the global table grape industry moves around 400 million boxes, many of them with plastic components. This requires 500.000 tons of plastic materials. Although the use of plastics in the table grape industry compared to the total use is relatively small, we need to address it and begin to introduce changes. Consumers are more aware and demand products that are less harmful to the environment. There are many organizations working to restrict the use of plastic.Traders, retailers and distributors are responding to these consumer demands with self-regulation of plas-tic products.And, of course some governments are already looking into regulations that will curtail the use of plastics.Discussion and Significance of the StudySome ideas to consider in establishing plans to move our industry into a future with less plastic:• Plastic recycling and reusing.• A shift from plastic to other materials.• Innovation via research and development.• Collaboration within the industry to find proper solutions.

AcknowledgementsWe would like to acknowledge some of the industry members for engaging with us at this early stage: Tes-sara SA, for first making us aware of the plastic issue; Grapes Direct, MMUK, SanLucar, MACK, Sainsburys and Richard Hochfeld for discussing these issues with us.

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Santiago - Chile.

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P29) YIELD PERFORMANCE AND FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF SEEDLESS TABLE GRAPES GENOTYPES IN THE SÃO FRANCISCO VALLEY, NORTHEAST BRAZIL

Leão, P.(1); Nascimento, J.(2); Souza, E.(2); (1): Embrapa Semiárido, Petrolina, PE, Brasil (2): Universidade do Recôncavo Baiano,

Production of table grapes represents 52% of Brazilian grape production and São Francisco Valley is the main region for production of Vitis vinifera table grapes. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic beha-vior and to identify cultivars and breeding selections of seedless table grapes with high yield potential for growing in São Francisco Valley. The experiment was conducted in one growing season in 2017 in Petrolina, PE. Vines were grafted on to the rootstock IAC 766, trained in an overhead trellis system, in a spacing of 3.0 m x 2.0 m and drip irrigation. The treatments were represented by 11 seedless table grapes genotypes: ‘BRS Clara’, ‘A Dona’, ‘CG 351’, ‘A1105’, ‘Marroo Seedless’, ‘Crimson Seedless’ and Embrapa breeding selections: CNPUV 23, CNPUV 24, CNPUV 36 and CNPUV 44. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with 4 replicates. The results showed that significant effects were found on all variables evaluated. The highest estimated yield were obtained in the genotypes ‘CNPUV 23’ (42.4 ton/ha), ‘BRS Linda’ (33.2 ton/ha) and ‘BRS Clara’ (24.8 ton/ha). These genotypes also presented higher number of bunches per plant. ‘BRS linda’ and selection ‘CNPUV 23’ showed the largest mass of the bunch and the berry. However the average for all ge-notypes were below the expected standards in commercial grapes of seedless grapes, because no specific management of bunches was performed. Cultivar CG 351 (‘Arizul’) was characterized by the more elongated bunches. Soluble solids content varied from 14.4ºBrix in ‘BRS Linda’ up to 24.6ºBrix in ‘A Dona’. The geno-types also presented variability for titratable acidity, since low values of 0.31 and 0.32 g/100mL in Marroo Seedless’ and ‘BRS Linda’ respectively up to 0.82g/100mL in ‘Crimson Seedless. ‘BRS Clara’ showed yield and bunch size that meet the minimum desirable standards, as well as high soluble solids content and balanced acidity being an option for commercial growing in São Francisco Valley while the other genotypes may be used as parents in controlled cross in a table grape breeding program.

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POSTP) POSTHARVEST TECHNOLOGY AND FRUIT QUALITY

P30) FORMULATION OF FAST PHASE GENERATING PADS AFFECTS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSION RATE

Zoffoli, J.(1); Rodriguez, D.(1); Naranjo, P.(1); (1): Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

In pack dual release SO2 generating pads are extensively used in the table grape industry to control pos-tharvest fungal diseases. Sodium metabisulfite from the fast release generating pad can be provided in a coating or inside multiple sachets. The aim of this work was to describe the emission rate of SO2 produced during time using both formulations of sodium metabisulfite under simulated postharvest management of table grape. Thompson Seedless grapes were harvested and packed in 40 cm x 50 cm carton box using the standard materials provided for export to USA from Chile, fast cooled and stored at 0°C for 12 days. The dual SO2 generating pad was located on the top of the grapes. Two combinations of SO2 generating pad were provided distributing 1 or 2 g of sodium metabisulfite, by coating or inside sachets in the fast release phase. The sodium metabisulfite of slow release sheet was not included. SO2 produced during time, below the pad, was determined during 12 h after packaging at 20°C following 12 days at 0°C with a SO2 analyzer connected with silicone tubes. The SO2 concentration time (CT) was calculated and the grape quality evaluated. Four replications were included. The highest CT was obtained with 2 g of sodium metabisulfite with coated for-mulation reaching a maximum concentration of SO2 (45 ppm) after 6 days of packaging at 20C; otherwise 12 days was required with sachet formulation. During storage at 0°C, the maximum concentration (4 ppm) occurred after two days with 2 g sodium metabisulfite, independent of formulation, but with sachet the emission remained longer. Similar results were obtained with 1 g of sodium metabisulfite reaching 2 ppm for both formulations finishing the emission after 6 d at 0°C. Gray mold incidence was low and similar with the treatments evaluated after 12 days at 0°C, however high incidence occurred at 20°C on fruit packed with 1 g of sodium metabisulfite and under sachet form. SO2 emission rate of fast release phase of generating pads depend on sodium metabisulfite formulation and therefore needs to be considered for an effective control of decay during postharvest

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Santiago - Chile.

111 I

P31) THE EFFICACY OF UVASYS DUAL RELEASE SULPHUR DIOXIDE SHEETS IN COMBINATION WITH VARIOUS INTERNAL PACKAGING AGAINST BOTRYTIS DECAY OF ‘REGAL SEEDLESS’

Langenhoven, S.(1); Thuynsma, R.(1); Williams, E.(1); Botes, A.(2); Vries, F.(1); (1): Tessara (Pty) Ltd, 35 Kinghall Avenue, Epping 2, Cape Town, South Africa (2): Agricultural Research Coun-cil Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Post-Harvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, Private bag X5026/Helshoogte Road, Stellenbosch, South Africa

Table grapes are a major export commodity for South Africa. In addition to sulphur dioxide generating sheets to control Botrytis decay in transit, various packaging options such as punnets, ziplock and polycote bags are used in the export process. The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of Uvasys Green and Blue, dual release sulphur dioxide generating sheets in combination with various internal packaging against Botrytis decay. ‘Regal Seedless’ table grapes from the Western Cape, Paarl region of South Africa were packed in open top punnets, ziplock and polycote bags with either Uvasys Green or Blue. The afore-mentioned packaged grapes were also packaged in combination with liner bags of either 2 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm or micro- diameter perforations. The packaged grapes were stored at -0.5 °C and evaluated for decay and stem quality after 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The results indicate that the untreated controls packed in liner bags and the various internal packaging (ziplock & polycote bags & open top punnets) had the highest incidence of decay while the Uvasys treated grapes had the lowest incidence of decay. No significant differences were observed in decay between Uvasys Blue and Green treated grapes. The decay incidence for all the Uvasys treatments, including the 4-week evaluated untreated control, was the lowest. There was also a large de-crease in stem quality in grapes not treated with a Uvasys sheet over the 12-week storage period. There was no significant difference in stem quality between Uvasys Green and Blue sheets. The microperforated, 2 mm and 4 mm liner bags did not produce significantly different stem qualities, however these liners produced stems of significantly better quality when compared to the 5 mm liner bag. At all evaluation periods, the polycote and ziplock bags had slightly better stem quality as compared to the open top punnets. In this study, Uvasys sheets were able to reduce decay significantly in ‘Regal Seedless’ table grapes, for up to 12 weeks. The study further shows that Uvasys sheets work well in combination with various packagings as no sign of diminished efficacy was observed.

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P32) HARPIN-αβ PROTEIN: A BIOSTIMULANT FOR QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN TABLE GRAPES

Marin, A.(1); Dillon, A.(2); (1): Plant Health Care, España, Madrid, Spain (2): Plant Health Care, UK, Manchester, England

Fruit firmness during storage has been linked to Calcium levels, particularly cell-wall / bound Calcium, wi-thin the grape. Harpin-αβ protein is a biostimulant which activates plant growth and abiotic stress-defence pathways. Applied as a foliar spray, Harpin-αβ initiates a number of plant-signalling pathways, including im-proved nutrient uptake. Harpin-αβ has been shown to stimulate Calcium uptake and improve skin quality in numerous crops. This study investigated, in replicated trials, whether this effect is also observed in Table Grapes. In trials in Spain (2018) Harpin-αβ was applied 3-4 times to varieties: Allison (x2), Itum One and Jack’s Salute. Harpin-αβ was applied at a rate of 150 g/Ha at berry size 4-8 mm, 7-10 or 12-15 days later (early and late varieties, respectively), and at the start of veraison. The fourth application (150-200 g/Ha) coincided with berry softening. Berries were analysed for Calcium (total and bound) at the start of veraison and at harvest. Berry weight, size and Brix values were recorded at harvest. Levels of berry splitting were also recorded in the Allison sites after the 2nd application. With three applications of Harpin-αβ, total Calcium in the berries increased by 28% at the first sampling period, though the increase was not sustained. Bound Calcium in the Harpin-αβ treatment was similar to the Growers Standard (GS) at both time points (-1 and +7%). Berry weight increased by 3.94%, berry size by 1.8% and Brix by an average of 0.28 points. Four Harpin-αβ applications in-creased total Calcium by 26% at the first sampling period with elevated levels (15% above GS) maintained un-til harvest. Bound Calcium in the Harpin-αβ treatment was similar to the GS at the first time point (+5%), and significantly increased at harvest (44%). Berry weight and size increased by 3.16% and 2.3%, respectively. Brix increased by 0.13 points. In the Harpin-αβ treatments in Allison variety, the percentage of bunches with split berries was reduced by 23% and the number of cracked berries per bunch reduced by 33%. These results demonstrate that Harpin-αβ stimulates Calcium uptake and storage as Bound Calcium, a metric known to be associated with improved grape firmness.

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Santiago - Chile.

113 I

RBIOP) REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY, FRUIT PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT, PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS

P33) ROOT SYSTEM REGENERATION IN TABLE GRAPES IS INDUCED BY THE APPLICATION OF ROOTING®, AN AUXIN-BIOSTIMULANT FORMULATION.

Diaz, D.(1); Lopez, O.(2); (1): Agroenzymas, Tlalnepantla, México (2): Agroenzymas, Santiago, Chile

The root system in grapes is critical for yield components, fruit quality and vine longevity, however it is not taken care as intensive as the vegetative part because it´s a hidden underground organ. A good soil ma-nagement does not physiologically control the internal events that regulate root formation. Root growth in grapes has one or two flushes per season, however not all roots remains alive and there is always a danger of losing more than what is needed for the productive season and for saving reserves in postharvest. This suggest that there should be a proactive root management practice that allows the regulation and mainte-nance of an adequate root system.Auxins are the known hormones that physiologically regulate new lateral root formation, and with other hormones participate in their growth, so a certain amount of it must be synthetized or supplied in sensible periods of the root flushes as to assure that such formation can occur and that more root-soil surface con-tact is effective. After the auxins signaling, other components as sugar, proteins, vitamins, etc. are needed so that the signal can be expressed as new lateral root tissue.The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of Rooting® (auxin + biostimulant) treatment at diffe-rent timings and rates as to induce the regeneration of lateral roots and stimulate root growth.Fifteen-year old Thompson Seedless own rooted vines, were soil applied with Rooting® at rates of 0, 1, 2 and 3 L/ha at the start of the spring root flush and again at 15 or 30 days later, as to establish the most sensitive rate and application timing. Treated plants were in a randomized block experimental design with 4 replica-tions. 30, 60 and 90 days after treatments, the roots system was evaluated at 20, 40 and 60 cm soil depth as to root number, length, diameter, covered soil surface,Advancements of results will be presented as to the change of the root system density and its root charac-teristics of the Rooting® treatment.

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P34) STUDY OF THE SKIN POLYSACCHARIDES AND BERRY FIRMNESS OF FIVE TABLE GRAPE VARIETIES DURING THE RIPENING PERIOD.

Gil I Crotiella, M.(1); Contador, L.(2); Gómez-Célis, C.(3); Ubeda-Aguilera, C.(1); Villalobos, L.(2); Pastenes, C.(2); Peña-Neira, A.(3); (1): Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Inorganic Chemistry and Molecular Material Center, Facul-tad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile. Av. El Llano Subercaseaux 2801. San Miguel. Santiago de Chile., Santiago, Chile (2): Departamento de Producción Agrícola. Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile. Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago, Chile., Santiago, Chile (3): Departamento de Agroindus-tria y Enología. Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile. Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago, Chile, Santiago, Chile

Softening of the grape berry differs from that of other fruits, such as apples or peaches. It starts earlier than in apple or peach. The growth curve of the grape berry is double‐sigmoidal pattern like apples and peaches in which two phases of rapid growth, stage I and III, are separated by a lag phase, stage II. The grape berry, however, rapidly softens at the beginning of the second growth cycle, many weeks before ripeness. The onset of ripening has been associated with the transition from stage II to stage III and involves softening, a decrease in acids, sugar accumulation, the resumption of growth, and color development (in red varieties). Fruit softening is frequently accompanied by solubilization of pectic polysaccharides of the cell walls and each grape berry progresses from hard to soft texture. The objective of the present study was to characterize the developmental changes in cell‐wall polysaccharides from skins associated with physical properties of grape berries from veraison to harvest time involved in the softening process in five table grape varieties. Berry grapes from varieties Crimson, Magenta, Timco, Kryssy and Arra 15 cultivated in the same place were harvested from veraison to commercial maturity. Soluble cell‐wall polysaccharides were studied by HPLC-IR and separated according their molecular mass. Puncture test were performed using a TA-XT Plus texture meter. No clear trend was observed throughout maturity for skins soluble polysaccharides. During the first stages of ripening it was possible observe some differences in soluble polysaccharides among cultivars, but those differences disappear at the end of ripening period. “Maximum Force” and “Elasticity” change during ripening but not in the same behavior for each variety. These results permit have a better understanding of the evolution of softening during ripening of different and important commercial table grape varieties.Acknowledgement: This work was supported by CONYCYT-CHILE, Project FONDECYT 1181142 (2018-2022) “Understanding the anthocyanin synthesis of table grape berries: developing opportunities for its manipu-lation”. The authors want to thank Mr. Daniel Desmartis and Mr. Rodrigo Sapiain fom Gesex for facilitate the plant material for this work.

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Santiago - Chile.

115 I

P35) VARIETAL DIFFERENCES AMONG THE AROMATIC PROFILE OF BERRIES FROM FIVE TABLE GRAPE VARIETIES DURING THE RIPENING PERIOD AND STORAGE TIME.

Ubeda-Aguilera, C.(1); Gil I Cortiella, M.(1); Morales, H.(2); Gómez-Célis, C.(2); Villalobos, L.(3); Pastenes, C.(3); Peña-Neira, A.(2); (1): Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Inorganic Chemistry and Molecular Material Center, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile. Av. El Llano Subercaseaux 2801. San Miguel. Santiago de Chile., Santiago, Chile (2): Departamento de Agroindustria y Enología. Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile. Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago, Chile, Santiago, Chile (3): Departamento de Producción Agrícola. Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile. Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago, Chile., San-tiago, Chile

Aroma is an important aspect of quality in grapes and wines and, hence, for consumer acceptance. Seve-ral families of compounds are responsible for the aroma of grapes. Among them, esters and terpenes are known to contribute to fruity/floral characters; C6-aldehydes and alcohols possess green leafy aroma cha-racters; methoxypyrazines are strongly linked to green capsicum descriptors. Aroma compounds are usually located in both pulp and skin as free and bound glycosides. Bound glycoside forms, can be transformed by hydrolysis into odour-active forms (free fractions), increasing the aromatic characteristics of the grape In contrast, free forms are volatile compounds that can be sensed and tasted directly and are involved in the aroma of grape berries. Considering the lack of research on the aspects of aromatic series and aroma profi-les in table grapes, the objective of the present study was to characterize the aromatic composition of table grape berries from five varieties during ripening and storage time after the harvest. Red berry grapes from varieties Magenta, Crimson, Timco, and Kryssy and one white grape, Arra 15 were cultivated in the same pla-ce and harvested from veraison to commercial maturity each ≈10-12 days. Determination and analysis of the free aroma compounds in hole grape (both skin and pulp juice) was carried out by automatic solid-phase microextraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We identified 41 aroma compounds in 5 table grape varieties from 5 groups: terpenes (15), aldehydes (12), alcohols (9) ketones (4), and 1 acid compound. Terpenes were the most qualitative abundant compounds. The amount of vola-tile compound of each group was similar in all the varieties, with the exception of terpenes: Magenta and Krissy 10 times higher than Crimsom and Timco and Arra 15, 20 times higher. It was also possible to observe a different behavior during ripening depending on the variety, being the one common trend the constant increase of terpenes quantity even after harvest and during the storage time. The relevance of this study is the contribution in the knowledge of an important group of compounds that influence the consumer ac-ceptance and that suffer an important evolution during ripening.

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P36) VARIETAL DIFFERENCES AMONG THE ANTHOCYANIN AND NON-ANTHOCYANIN PHENOLIC COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF BERRIES FROM FOUR TABLE GRAPE VARIETIES DURING THE RIPENING PERIOD

Gómez-Celis, C.(1); Gil I Cortiella, M.(2); Morales, H.(1); Ubeda-Aguilera, C.(2); Villalobos, L.(3); Contador, L.(3); Pastenes, C.(3); Peña-Neira, A.(1); (1): Departamento de Agroindustria y Enología. Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile. Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago, Chile, Santiago, Chile (2): Insstituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Inorganic Chemistry and Molecular Material Center, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile. Av. El Llano Subercaseaux 2801. San Miguel. Santiago de Chile., Santiago, Chile (3): Departamento de Producción Agrícola. Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile. Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago, Chile., Santia-go, Chile

Table grape quality is composed of appearance, physical and chemical characteristics at harvest. Phytoche-micals of table grapes are important quality parameters and grapes contain huge amounts of phytochemi-cals such as anthocyanins responsible of skin color and phenolic acids, stilbenes, flavonools and flavan-3-ols, all of which have various beneficial effects on human health, acting as anti-oxidants and also as potential chemopreventive that consumers perceived good for the human health and today represents an important promotion tool for fruits. Besides phenolic compounds has been describe as compounds that improve fun-gi resistance of berries. The objective of the present study was to characterize the phenolic composition of grape berries during ripening. Berry grapes from varieties Red Globe, Crimson, Timco and Kryssy cultivated in the same place were harvested from veraison to commercial maturity each ≈10-12 days. Anthocynin and non-anthocyanin (phenolic acids, flavanols, flavonols and stilbens) phenolics were characterized by HPLC-DAD. Total phenols, tannins and anthocyanins were analyzed by using a spectrophotometer. At harvest time ORAC antioxidant capacity was measure to the grapes samples by using a spectrofluorimeter. Among the anthocyanins, Peonidin-3-glucoside and malvindin-3-glucoside presented the higher concentration in the varieties studied. The varieties presented the same anthocyanin and non-anthocyanin phenolic profile, with differences among the concentration of the compounds identified. Total phenols and ORAC antioxidant capacity increase with ripening, but keep relatively stable in the last sampling dates. The variety with higher ORAC antioxidant capacity at harvest is Crimson. The relevance of this work is that for the first time, under our knouledge has been compared the phenolic composition and antioxidant cacacity of table grapes from traditional and new varieties in Chile.

Acknowledgement: This work was supported by CONYCYT-CHILE, Project FONDECYT 1181142 (2018-2022) “Understanding the anthocyanin synthesis of table grape berries: developing opportunities for its manipulation”. The authors want to thank Mr. Daniel Desmartis and Mr. Rodrigo Sapiain fom Gesex for facilitate the plant material for this work.

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Santiago - Chile.

117 I

P37) COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TEXTURE PROPERTIES OF THREE RED TABLE-GRAPE VARIETIES

Contador, L.(1); Gómez-Celis, C.(2); Ubeda-Aguilera, C.(3); Gil I Cortiella, M.(3); Morales, H.(1); Villalobos, L.(1); Pastenes, C.(1); Peña-Neira, A.(4); (1): Departamento de Producción Agrícola. Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile. Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago, Chile., Santiago, Chile (2): Departamento de Agroindustria y Enología. Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile (3): Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Inorganic Chemistry and Molecular Material Center, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile. Av. El Llano Subercaseaux 2801. San Miguel. Santiago de Chile., Santiago, Chile (4): Departamento de Agroindustria y Enología. Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile. Santa Rosa 11315, San-tiago, Chile, Santiago, Chile

Consumer acceptability of table grapes is highly dependent on maturity level and harvesting at the correct time is essential. Many instrumental measurements are correlated with consumer preferences and can be used as predictors of consumer acceptability. For fresh consumption, texture is an important factor deter-mining the quality of table grapes. Berry firmness is considered a measurement of its freshness. Sensory attributes such as skin friability, skin thickness, and flesh firmness have been proposed to characterize com-mercial table grape cultivars. Given their high correlations with the mechanical parameters determined by texture analysis, these sensory descriptors can be also acquired by laboratory instruments under controlled conditions. Nevertheless, there are few descriptions of the physical-mechanical parameters of berry skins of table grapes and of whole berries in the literature, and only few reports are available on varietal differen-ces of the mechanical properties of grape texture, comparing a traditional red table grape variety such as Crimson and new varieties available in the market such as Timco and Kryssy. The aim of this study is there-fore to characterize and to differentiate 3 red table-grape varieties growing in the same farm, investigating their mechanical behavior during ripening and storage time after the harvest. Crimson, Timco and Kryssy varieties were cultivated in the same place (Buín, Metropolitan Region, Chile) and harvested from veraison to commercial maturity each ≈10-12 days during the 2018 season. After commercial harvest time, grapes were maintained in cold storage and analyzed at 30 and 45 days. The methodology applied was a puncture test with a 2mm. plunger, using a TA-XTplus texture analyzer. The parameters obtained from force-distance curve analysis were able to differentiate varieties according to their textural properties. “Maximum Force”, “Elasticity” and “Number of peaks” were the most useful for explain the differences between varieties. Timco reached the highest values of firmness after 45 days in cold storage and it would be crispier than the other varieties. By the other hand, Crimson soften faster than the other varieties, causing loss of its quality. Acknowledgement: This work was supported by CONYCYT-CHILE, Project FONDECYT 1181142 (2018-2022)

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P38) THE EFFECTS OF EARLY SEASON FOLIAR SPRAYS OF SEAWEED PRODUCTS ON SHOOT LENGTH AND BUNCH ELONGATION OF CRIMSON SEEDLESS TABLE GRAPES

Valdivieso, V.(1); Papenfus, H.(2); Dahms, J.(3); Larrain, P.(4); (1): Viticultura & Fruticultura Asociados, Llay-Llay, Chile (2): KELP PRODUCTS INTERNATIONAL (PTY) LTD, Cape Town, South Africa (3): KELP PRODUCTS INTERNATIONAL (PTY) LTD, Cape Town, (4): KELP PRO-DUCTS INTERNATIONAL (PTY) LTD, Lo Barnechea,

In table grape production, a healthy canopy and loose cluster structures are key factors for growing quality fruit. Previous trials in South Africa on Prime Seedless (2010) and Starlight (2011) varieties showed that early foliar applications (5 – 10 cm shoot length) of the Ecklonia maxima seaweed extract, Kelpak®, improves clus-ter elongation (“bunch stretching”). Following these reports, it was decided to verify these effects during the 2016-2017 season with studies conducted on Crimson Seedless table grapes at Llay-Llay, V Region of Chile. The experimental vineyard was planted in 2012 and grafted onto Paulsen 1103 rootstock. A spray program combining a single Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed extract (Stimplex®) application followed by three E. maxima seaweed extract (Kelpak®) applications were tested. Stimplex® was applied at budbreak at a rate of 2 L/ha. Kelpak® was applied 7 days after the Stimplex® application at a rate of 3 L/ha when shoots rea-ched a length of 10 – 15 cm. Kelpak was applied two more times with 15-day intervals at 30 cm shoot length and pre-flowering at a rate of 4 L/ha. This spray program was compared to a common grower’s practice control which comprised of a single application of 5% Thiadizuron (Splendor®) at budbreak at a rate of 20 ml/ha. The combined seaweed spray program resulted in statistically significant increases (p<0,05) in the number of nodes per shoots (+30%), basal diameter of shoots (+42.5%), shoot length (+35.3%), bunch length (1st two shoulders (+11.1%) and rachis length (+4.6%) compared to the control. The results from this study confirms the positive effects of seaweed extracts on increasing grapevine vigour and improving bunch size and/or structure when applied before flowering. Seaweed products can be used as an alternative product on new table grape varieties on which the use of synthetic hormones (gibberellin and or cytokinin) its use not recommended or where is necessary to reduce it use. The most important breeders of new table grape varieties already recommend this strategy.

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Santiago - Chile.

119 I

P39) EFFECT OF CHANGE OF SOURCE/SINK RELATIONS ON ANTHOCYANIN AND AROMATIC COMPOSITION IN GRAPE BERRIES DURING RIPENING.

Vega, R.(1); Galeno, H.(1); Gil I Cortiella, M.(2); Contador, L.(3); Gómez-Célis, C.(1); Ubeda-Aguilera, C.(2); Villalo-bos, L.(3); Pastenes, C.(3); Peña-Neira, A.(1); (1): Departamento de Agroindustria y Enología. Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile. Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago, Chile, Santiago, Chile (2): Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Inorganic Chemistry and Molecular Material Center, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile. Av. El Llano Subercaseaux 2801. San Miguel. Santiago de Chile., Santiago, Chile (3): Departamento de Producción Agrícola. Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile. Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago, Chile., Santia-go, Chile

Phloem transport of assimilates provides the materials needed for the growth and development of repro-ductive structures, storage and developing organs, and has long been recognised as a major determinant in crop yield. Thus, the understanding of the mechanisms and regulations of sugar transport into sink tis-sues has an important basic and applied relevance. The Grapevine is a good example of a crop where sugar accumulation in the fruit has an important economic role. Massive sugar transport and compartmentation into the grape berry mesocarp cells (up to 1 M glucose and fructose) start at veraison and continues until the harvest. Sucrose transported in the phloem is cleaved into hexoses by invertases and stored in the vacuole. The sugar content determines the sweetness of table grapes and regulates gene expression, including, for example, several genes involved in the synthesis of secondary compounds which contribute to grape quality. Many viticultural practices affect source/sink relationships, thus altering sugar concentration in the berry. Considering this, the aim of this work is determined the effect of change of source/sink relations by using treatments of cluster thinning, cane girdling and leaf removal, on anthocyanin and aromatic com-position in grape berries during ripening. Berry grapes from varieties Crimson and Timco, cultivated in the same place (Buín, Metropolitan Region, Chile) under the 3 agronomical treatments (cluster thinning, cane girdling and leaf removal) were harvested from veraison to commercial maturity. Berries samples were harvested from veraison to commercial maturity each ≈10-12 days during the 2019 season. For both varieties, treatments affect the concentration of some groups of aromatic and anthocyanin compounds in relation with the control. Data suggest that use of the treatments may improve table grape characteristics.

Acknowledgement: This work was supported by CONYCYT-CHILE, Project FONDECYT 1181142 (2018-2022) “Understanding the anthocyanin synthesis of table grape berries: developing opportunities for its manipulation”. The authors want to thank Mr. Daniel Desmartis and Mr. Rodrigo Sapiain fom Gesex for facilitate the plant material for this work.

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P40) EFFECT OF CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM FOLIAR APPLICATIONS ON THE REDUCTION OF BUNCH STEM NECROSIS LEVEL IN SUGRATHIRTYFIVE GRAPES (AUTUMNCRISP® BRAND)

Atzmon, G.(1); Rozenfeld, G.(2); Dudai, S.(2); Weksler, H.(3); (1): Gadot-Agro Group, Kidron, Israel (2): Tali Grapes, Moshav Lachish, Israel (3): Sun World International LLC, California, USA

Sugrathirtyfive (AUTUMNCRISP®) is a high yielding grape variety that, under certain conditions, might exhi-bit a variable level of fruit loss to Bunch Stem Necrosis (BSN, water berry). While in most cases the develop-ment of the phenomenon is directly related to incorrect application of certain cultural practices, mostly with regard to crop load, cluster selection and canopy management, it has also been suggested that calcium and/or magnesium deficiencies are key factors in the process. The aim of the experiment was to examine the effect of foliar applications of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) after fruit set on the level of BSN, on fruit quality and on total yield. The study was conducted in 2019 at a commercial Sugrathirtyfive net-covered vineyard in Lachish Israel, on vines that were field-grafted over an 11yr old Zeini in 2015 and had their fourth crop in 2019. Spacing was 3.5m X 2m, “Y” shaped gable system, drip irrigation. Four foliar applications of the following treatments were applied at a 7-day interval, a whole vine spray at 1,000 L/ha, starting at 8mm berry diameter and ending just before veraison: (a) CaO 800 gr/ha, (b) MgO 340 gr/ha, (c) CaO 400 gr/ha + MgO 170 gr/ha, (d) CaO 400 gr/ha + MgO 400 gr/ha, (e) Untreated control. Two different products that contain MgO were compared. The experiment was done in four replications, randomized blocks pattern, 5m row per repli-cation. Two separate BSN evaluations were conducted two weeks before harvest: (a) firmness and diameter measurement of 75 randomly picked berries, in five replications, by using a TA-XT Stable Microsystems ins-trument, (b) on-vine firmness scoring of berries on a 0-100 (soft-firm) scale. Crop load, berry size and %TSS were also measured. Results showed that vines sprayed with MgO had firmer berries and less BSN. MgO also increased %TSS but had smaller berries compared to untreated control (24.6 gr vs 25.1 gr, both regarded as XXL size). CaO didn’t have an effect on berry firmness. These results support findings in other studies that were conducted on Sugrathirtyfive in recent years, and indicate that sprays of MgO after set should be re-commended to improve quality of Sugrathirtyfive grapes. However, adding CaO to the spray mix may prove beneficial in cases where calcium deficiency is the primary cause of BSN. We thank Dr. Amnon Lichter of Volcani Institute for his guidance and help in performing the lab work.

POSTERS



Santiago - Chile.

121 I

ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES BASED UPON TOLERANT ROOTSTOCKS DEVELOPMENT FOR ABIOTIC STRESS TOLERANCE IN GRAPEVINES FROM NORTHERN CHILE 50

AN EFFICIENT METHODOLOGY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GRAPEVINE RUPESTRIS STEM PITTING ASSOCIATED VIRUS-FREE ROOTSTOCKS 97

ANTHOCYANIN ACCUMULATION IN ‘BENITAKA’ TABLE GRAPE SKINS TREATED WITH ABSCISIC ACID AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF BERRY RIPENING 83

BERRY SIZE GENETIC ARCHITECTURE REVEALED BY FINE AND EXHAUSTIVE QTL MAPPING ANALYSIS 88

BRASSINOSTEROIDS AS A TOOL TO IMPROVE COLOR IN ‘REDGLOBE’ BERRIES 85

CAN ROOTSTOCKS MODIFY OCCURRENCE DATE OF PHENOLOGICAL STAGES IN TABLE GRAPES? 100

COLD-HARDY TABLE GRAPES IN MINNESOTA 47

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TEXTURE PROPERTIES OF THREE RED TABLE-GRAPE VARIETIES 117

COMPARISON OF THE DEHYDRATION POTENTIAL OF TABLE GRAPE CULTIVARS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY 73

CONTROL OF GRAPEVINE POWDERY MILDEW BY THE HYBRID FUNGICIDE REGEV™ 59

CRIMSON SEEDLESS PRODUCTION MANAGED WITH AND WITHOUT CHOOPED SHOOTS UNDER ZERO TILLAGE. 72

CURRENT STATUS OF RED TABLE GRAPES COLOR CONTROL KNOWLEDGE 85

DETERMINATION OF NATURAL PARASITISM, IN PUPAS OF LOBESIA BOTRANA ([DENIS & SCHIFFERMÜLLER]) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), COLLECTED IN INIA MONITORING STATIONS 92

DETERMINATION OF TEMPERATURES, MINIMUM, MAXIMUM THRESHOLD AND ACCUMULATION OF DEGREE DAYS (ADD) OF A GENERATION UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS IN THE LABORATORY OF LOBESIA BOTRANA (DENIS & SCHIFFERMÜLLER) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) 92

DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR LOBESIA BOTRANA IN VINES: ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI AND BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS AT THE SERVICE OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE 98

DEVELOPMENT OF RESISTANT TO POWDERY MILDEW (ERYSIPHE NECATOR) TABLE GRAPE CULTIVARS (VITIS VINIFERA) BY THE INTRODUCTION OF REN1RUN1 GENES THROUGH BACKCROSSING METHOD 90

DIFFERENCES IN BERRY PRIMARY AND SECONDARY METABOLISMS IDENTIFIED BY TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND METABOLIC PROFILING OF TWO TABLE GRAPE COLOR SOMATIC VARIANTS 54

DIFFERENTIAL CELL WALL METABOLISM IN CONTRASTING FIRMNESS TABLE GRAPES DURING DEVELOPMENT RIPENING AND POSTHARVEST 82

INDEX BY TITLE



EFFECT OF CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM FOLIAR APPLICATIONS ON THE REDUCTION OF BUNCH STEM NECROSIS LEVEL IN SUGRATHIRTYFIVE GRAPES (AUTUMNCRISP® BRAND) 120

EFFECT OF CHANGE OF SOURCE/SINK RELATIONS ON ANTHOCYANIN AND AROMATIC COMPOSITION IN GRAPE BERRIES DURING RIPENING. 119

EFFECT OF CLUSTER THINNING ON POSTHARVEST ATTRIBUTES OF TABLE GRAPES GROWN IN A HIGH TUNNELS 74

EFFECT OF PLASTIC COVERING ON EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN TABLE GRAPE VINEYARD 66

EFFECTIVENESS OF MAMULL (TRICHODERMA SPP. Y BIONECTRIA SPP.) IN THE CONTROL OF TRUNK WOOD DISEASE IN TABLE GRAPE. 98

EFFECTS OF CLUSTER COVERING ON THE FRUIT QUALITY, AND VOLATILE COMPOSITION IN COLD-HARDY TABLE GRAPE 78

EFFECTS OF ECKLONIA MAXIMA SEAWEED EXTRACT SPRAYS IN COMBINATION WITH FORCHLORFENURON ON QUALITY OF ELEVEN TABLE GRAPE VARIETIES 84

EFFECTS OF FIELD TREATMENTS WITH DRY-K30 AND PHARMAMIN-M ON MECHANICAL ROPRIETIES AND COLOR OF GRAPE BERRIES AT HARVESTING AND DURING STORAGE 80

EFFECTS OF THE COLOR OF PLASTIC COVERS ON BERRY RED COLOR DEVELOPMENT IN THE CENTRAL ZONE OF CHILE 105

EVALUATION OF MINERAL NUTRIENT LEVEL AND ITS EFFECT ON YIELD, FRUIT QUALITY PARAMETERS AND POST-HARVEST LIFE ON TIMCO™ AND SWEET GLOBE™ TABLE GRAPE CULTIVAR. 64

EVALUATION OF RECYCLABLE SO2 EMITTING LINER BAG IN PACKING EFFICIENCY, COOLING TIME, WATER LOSS AND BOTRYTIS CONTROL OF STORED GRAPES VARIETIES ARRA 15 AND CRIMSON SEEDLESS. 76

EVALUATION OF TABLE GRAPE QUALITY IN PACKAGES CONTAINING SO2 GENERATORS AND WEEKLY FUMIGATION WITH SO2. 81

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ACARICIDES IN THE CONTROL OF COLOMERUS VITIS (PAGENSTECHER) (ACARINA: ERYOPHIDAE), IN TABLE GRAPES IN THE ELQUI VALLEY, COQUIMBO REGION 56

EVALUATION OF THE MICROBIAL INTEGRAL MODEL IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY OF THE SCARLOTTA VARIETY TABLE GRAPE. 63

FORMULATION OF FAST PHASE GENERATING PADS AFFECTS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSION RATE 110

FRUIT QUALITY AND NUTRICIONAL CONTENT CHARACTERIZATION IN TABLE GRAPE VARIETY CRIMSON SEEDLESS IN PRE-HARVEST 101

GENERATION OF WARNING SYSTEMS OF ESTABLISHMENT, DEVELOPMENT AND TIMELY CONTROL OF LOBESIA BOTRANA (D. & S.) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) IN THE ATACAMA REGION 94

INDEX BY TITLE



Santiago - Chile.

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GRAPEVINE TRUNK FUNGAL DISEASES IN CAUQUENES AND ITATA VALLEYS 91

HARPIN-αβ PROTEIN: A BIOSTIMULANT FOR QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN TABLE GRAPES 112

HOST RESPONSE OF GRAPE ROOTSTOCKS TO PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES UNDER REPLANT CONDITIONS 93

HOW PHENOLOGICAL STAGE AND BIOSTIMULANTS MODULATE THE RESIDENT MICROBIOME OF VITIS VINIFERA VAR. FLAME 62

IDENTIFICATION OF QUANTITATIVE TRAIT GENES USING GLOBAL GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS AND FINE QTL ANALYSIS FOR BERRY TEXTURAL PROPERTIES IN TABLE GRAPES 52

IMIDA-ITUM BREEDING PROGRAM, TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY 87

IMPACT OF UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS TABLE GRAPE GENETIC ADVANCES 12

INIA-G2: A NEW CHILEAN TABLE GRAPE CULTIVAR 88

INIA-G3: NEW MUSCAT TABLE GRAPE 89

IRRIGATION REDUCTION IN TABLE GRAPE PRODUCTION UNDER A PLASTIC COVER IN THE CENTRAL ZONE OF CHILE 105

MIRAVIS PRIME, A NEW SOLUTION FOR AN EFFECTIVE CONTROL OF BOTRYTIS IN GRAPES 58

MITIGATION OF POWDERY MILDEW FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE ON TABLE GRAPE PRODUCTION IN CALIFORNIA 95

NITROGEN UPTAKE AND DISTRIBUTION IN CALIFORNIA TABLE GRAPES 65

OCCURRENCE OF YOUNG GRAPEVINE DISEASES IN NEW TABLE GRAPE VARIETIES IN CHILE 60

PHENOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF MAYLEN® INIAGRAPE-ONE CV (VITIS VINIFERA) TABLE GRAPE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF NORTHERN CHILE: A LONG-TERM STUDY 99

PLANT EXTRACTS; AN IMPORTANT ANTI-RESISTANCE STRATEGY TO PROTECT THE EFFICACY OF BOTRYTIS FUNGICIDES IN TABLE GRAPES 57

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AFFECTS TEXTURE: STUDY IN A MOSCATEL DE ALEJANDRÍA X CRIMSON SEEDLESS EXPERIMENTAL PROGENY. 79

PLASTIC COVER EFFECTS ON PHYSIOLOGY AND FRUIT QUALITY OF TWO TABLE GRAPE VARIETIES IN THE CENTRAL ZONE OF CHILE 104

PLASTIC COVERS IN TABLE GRAPES. MICROCLIMATE CHANGES AND GRAPE QUALITY IN THE CENTRAL AREA OF CHILE 67

PLASTIC COVERS IN THE PRODUCTION OF TABLE GRAPES IN CENTRAL ZONE OF CHILE: EFFECTS ON MICROCLIMATE 104

PLASTICS IN THE TABLE GRAPE INDUSTRY, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES 108

INDEX BY TITLE



PYRIMETHANIL AND FLUDIOXONIL IN PRE-HARVEST FOR THE POST-HARVEST MANAGEMENT OF ROT IN TABLE GRAPES CAUSED BY PENICILLIUM SP. 75

ROOT SYSTEM REGENERATION IN TABLE GRAPES IS INDUCED BY THE APPLICATION OF ROOTING®, AN AUXIN-BIOSTIMULANT FORMULATION. 113

ROOTSTOCKS FOR TABLE GRAPE CULTIVAR BRS CLARA IN THE SÃO FRANCISCO VALLEY, NORTHEAST BRAZIL 107

ROOTSTOCKS FOR THE NEW SEEDLESS TABLE GRAPE ‘BRS ÍSIS’ UNDER TROPICAL SEMI-ARID CONDITIONS 71 ROOTSTOCKS FOR THE NEW SEEDLESS TABLE GRAPE ‘BRS VITÓRIA’ UNDER TROPICAL SEMI-ARID CONDITIONS 103

SEARCH FOR MARKERS ASSOCIATED TO BERRY SIZE IN TABLE GRAPE: NEW SSRS DERIVED FROM SNPS AND INDELS INTENDED FOR MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION 51

SEEDLING SELECTION WITH AMPSEQ ENRICHES POPULATIONS FOR SEEDLESSNESS, MUSCAT AROMA, AND POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE 49

SPEEDING UP TABLE GRAPE BREEDING BY DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF HIGH-THROUGHPUT TOOLS 48

STUDY OF THE SKIN POLYSACCHARIDES AND BERRY FIRMNESS OF FIVE TABLE GRAPE VARIETIES DURING THE RIPENING PERIOD. 114

TABLE GRAPE PRODUCTION UTILIZING HIGH TUNNELS: A SUSTAINABLE APPROACH 102

TABLE GRAPE ROOTSTOCKS: ACONCAGUA VALLEY EXPERIENCES 70

TABLE GRAPES IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS: ACONCAGUA VALLEY EXPERIENCES 68

THE CALM BEFORE THE STORM: GRAPE BERRY CUTICLE AS A SOURCE OF RESISTANCE AGAINST BOTRYTIS CINEREA 55

THE CHEMOSENSORY BASIS OF FLAVOR IN TABLE GRAPES 77

THE EFFECTS OF EARLY SEASON FOLIAR SPRAYS OF SEAWEED PRODUCTS ON SHOOT LENGTH AND BUNCH ELONGATION OF CRIMSON SEEDLESS TABLE GRAPES 118

THE EFFICACY OF UVASYS DUAL RELEASE SULPHUR DIOXIDE SHEETS IN COMBINATION WITH VARIOUS INTERNAL PACKAGING AGAINST BOTRYTIS DECAY OF ‘REGAL SEEDLESS’ 111

TROPICAL VITICULTURE. YEAR AROUND TABLE GRAPE PRODUCTION IN PIURA REGION. IS IT POSSIBLE? 73

UNRAVELLING THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF THE GRAPE RIPENING ENHANCEMENT INDUCED BY PHARMAMIN M, A COMMERCIAL BIOACTIVE PRODUCT BASED ON A SPECIFIC COMPLEX OF FREE AMINO ACIDS. 106

USE OF BIOSTIMULANTS AND ROOTING SUBSTANCES ON TABLE GRAPE NUTRIENT ASSIMILATION EFFICIENCY, YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY 86

INDEX BY TITLE



Santiago - Chile.

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USE OF THE SATELLITE AGRICULTURAL PLATFORM PLAS CHILE TO ESTIMATE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION, IRRIGATION NEEDS AND MONITORING WATER STATUS IN TABLE GRAPE 69

USE OF VITANICA RZ AS A BIOLOGICAL TOOL FOR CONTROL OF DECAY IN TABLE GRAPES CV. TIMCO. 96

VARIETAL DIFFERENCES AMONG THE ANTHOCYANIN AND NON-ANTHOCYANIN PHENOLIC COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF BERRIES FROM FOUR TABLE GRAPE VARIETIES DURING THE RIPENING PERIOD 116

VARIETAL DIFFERENCES AMONG THE AROMATIC PROFILE OF BERRIES FROM FIVE TABLE GRAPE VARIETIES DURING THE RIPENING PERIOD AND STORAGE TIME. 115

VARIETAL RECOGNITION THROUGH SATELLITE MULTISPETTRIC IMAGES IN TABLE GRAPES 53

VITICULTURAL CLIMATIC INDICES AS A PREDICTOR OF HARVEST DATE OF TABLE GRAPES (VITIS VINIFERA) IN NORTHERN CHILE 61

YIELD PERFORMANCE AND FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF SEEDLESS TABLE GRAPES GENOTYPES IN THE SÃO FRANCISCO VALLEY, NORTHEAST BRAZIL 109

INDEX BY TITLE



Ahmed, S. 83 Alcalde, J. 85 Altimira, F. 98 Alvarez, F. 90 Alvarez, L. 98 Aquino, O. 86 Arce-Johnson, P. 54, 55, 90 Armijo, G. 55 Arriagada, V. 96 Arroyo, J. 58 Asaff, A. 62, 86 Atzmon, G. 120 Auger, J. 57, 60 Azaharez, D. 62 Azocar, M. 56 Balbontin, C. 69 Balbontín, C. 61 Balladares, C. 82 Barba, P. 48, 51, 88, 89, 99 Barraza, S. 56 Basile, T. 80 Beasley, V. 74 Belemmi, F. 48 Bertini, E. 106 Botes, A. 111 Briceño, N. 56, 60 Brockman, S. 78 Burgos, M. 51 Bustos, S. 51 Caballero, J. 98 Cáceres, S. 76 Cadle-Davidson, L. 49 Calera, A. 69 Camacho, H. 96, 101 Campos-Vargas, R. 82 Carmona, F. 63 Carreño, A. 64 Castillo, A. 69 Castro, J. 91 Castro, M. 51 Chafloque, V. 86 Chilian, J. 91 Cid, P. 48 Clark, J. 12 Clark, M. 78, 49, 62 Colapietra, M. 84 Colombo, R. 83 Conesa, E. 63

INDEX BY AUTHOR



Santiago - Chile.

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Contador, L. 114, 116, 117, 119 Contreras, C. 73 Copier, C. 56 Cote, L. 49 Crespo, P. 87 Dahms, J. 118 Dai, Z. 54 De La Barra, N. 92, 98 De La Torre, F. 62, 86 De Palma, L. 66 Debiase, G. 80 Deffilippi, B. 52 Defilippi, B. 82, 88, 89 Degani, O. 77 Del Río, M. 91 Delgado-Rioseco, J. 82 Delrot, S. 54 Di Lorenzo, R. 53 Diaz, D. 113 Díaz, Y. 98 Díaz-Gálvez, I. 61 Dillon, A. 112 Donoso, E. 98 Donoso, P. 73 Dudai, S. 120 Dynkin, I. 77 Edel, D. 58 Espinoza, C. 56 Estay, P. 92 Esterio, M. 57, 60 Estrada, V. 56 Feil, R. 54 Fernandez, F. 63 Fidelibus, M. 65 Flores, L. 96, 101 France, A. 91 Francisco, E. 86 Galeno, H. 119 Gallo, C. 86 Garcia, M. 74, 102 García, M. 48 García, V. 104, 105 Giancaspero, V. 64 Gil I Cortiella, M. 114, 115, 116, 117, 119 Godoy, S. 98 Gomès, E. 54 Gómez-Célis, C. 114,115, 116, 117, 119 González, R. 94

INDEX BY AUTHOR



Grinbergs, D. 91 Gutiérrez, P. 86 Gutiérrez-Ramírez, J. 79 Hegeman, A. 78 Hernandez, J. 102 Hernández, M. 62 Hettich, W. 98 Hilbert, G. 54 Hildebrandt, U. 55 Hinrichsen, P. 51 Ibacache González, A. 50 Ibacache, A. 61, 88, 99, 100, 89 Jiménez, N. 52, 79, 88 Jiménez, P. 51 Kaplunov, T. 77 Karn, A. 49 Kirchmayr, M. 62 Koyama, R. 83 Lagrèze, J. 52, 88 Langenhoven, S. 111 Larrain, P. 118, 103 Leão, P. 71, 103, 107, 109 Leiva, C. 82 León, A. 76 Lewinsohn, E. 77 Lichter, A. 77 Lima, M. 71, 103 Lopez, O. 113 Lujbetic, D. 60 Lunn, J. 54 Madariaga Villarroel, M. 97 Mahaffee, W. 95 Maiers, K. 96 Maldonado, E. 108 Manke Nachtigall, F. 54 Maoz, I. 61 Marfán, G. 104, 105 Marin, A. 112 Marsico, A. 80 Martínez, L. 54 Matus, J. 54 Mcwhirt, A. 102 Medina, C. 90 Mejía, N. 51, 52, 79, 88 Meneses, C. 82 Meyer, C. 54 Meyer-Regueiro, C. 55, 90 Meza, P. 93

INDEX BY AUTHOR



Santiago - Chile.

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Montano, C. 104, 105 Montecinos, J. 69 Morales, H. 115, 116, 117 Moreira, L. 78, 62 Mosbach, A. 58 Moyano, T. 54 Muñoz-Espinoza, C. 51 Naegele, R. 95 Naranjo, P. 73, 110 Nascimento, J. 71, 103, 109 Navarrete, R. 86 Notarangelo, L. 80 Novello, V. 66 Núñez, R. 52, 79, 88 Ocarez, N. 52, 79, 88 Odi, M. 69 Olivares, R. 72 Olmedo, P. 82 Orrego, R. 61 Osorio, D. 52, 88 Osorio-Navarro, C. 60 Otárola, J. 101 Papa, G. 84 Papenfus, H. 118 Pastenes, C. 114, 115, 116, 117, 119 Pedreschi, R. 82 Pedroso, I. 48 Peña-Neira, A. 114, 115, 116, 117, 119 Peppi, M. 88, 89, 80 Pérez-Donoso, A. 79, 85 Perniola, R. 80 Pinolef, A. 48 Piñero, L. 86 Pisciotta, A. 53 Pourreza, A. 65 Pozo, L. 60 Querol, T. 58 Raban, E. 77 Ramírez, I. 97 Reisch, B. 49 Renaud, C. 54 Reyes, M. 61, 91 Riederer, M. 55 Rivera, M. 92 Riveros, F. 75 Roberto, S. 83 Rodriguez, D. 56 Rodríguez, D. 110

INDEX BY AUTHOR



Rojas, F. 57 Rozenfeld, G. 120 Rubilar, M. 57, 60 Salas, C. 94, 84 Salas, V. 52 Salas-Tupper, V. 78 Salazar, C. 61 Salazar, E. 51 Salazar-Parra, C. 104, 105 Santangelo, T. 53 Santibáñez, C. 54 Sapiain, R. 73 Scafidi, P. 53 Scalliet, G. 58 Schettini, E. 66 Schewes, R. 84 Selles, G. 68, 69, 70, 104, 105 Sellés, G. 104 Sepúlveda, K. 97 Sepulveda, P. 82 Serrano, A. 97 Serrano, M. 87 Shahab, M. 83 Sierra Bernal, C. 72 Sir, G. 58 Silva, E. 107 Smilanick, J. 81 Sosa-Zuniga, V. 90 Souza, E. 109 Souza, R. 83 Stile, M. 106 Suresh, J. 78 Tabilo, H. 96, 101 Tapia, E. 98 Therlfall, R. 74 Thuynsma, R. 111 Tornel, M. 87 Tornielli, G. 106 Torrealba, M. 85 Torres, C. 98 Torres, E. 88, 89 Torres, G. 95 Torriani, S. 58 Treiber, E. 78, 49, 62 Ubeda-Aguilera, C. 114, 115, 116, 117, 119 Valdivieso, V. 118 Valenzuela, N. 62 Vega, R. 119

INDEX BY AUTHOR



Santiago - Chile.

131 I

Velasco, G. 63 Verdin, J. 62 Verdugo-Vásquez, N. 50, 61, 99, 100 Vergara, A. 85, 88, 89, 104, 105 Vidal, Á. 90 Vila, A. 63 Villalobos, L. 114, 115, 116, 117, 119 Vitta, N. 92, 98 Volosky, C. 56 Vox, G. 66 Vries, F. 111 Weksler, H. 120 Williams, E. 111 Williams, L. 65 Zlatar, J. 94 Zoffoli, J. 73, 110 Zou, C. 49 Zúñiga, C. 68, 70 Zurita-Silva, A. 50, 61, 100

INDEX BY AUTHOR



gmtchile.cl

Te presentamoslo nuevo de GMTComienza una nueva década y con ella se avecinan nuevos e importantes desafíos para la agricultura nacional. Por eso, en GMT nos hemos preparado para enfrentarlos, ofreciendo a nuestros clientes mayor agilidad, flexibilidad y un amplio portafolio de soluciones para la protección y cuidado de tus cultivos.



Santiago - Chile.

133 I

VenueCasaPiedra Conference CenterAvda. San Josemaría Escrivá de Balaguer #5600 Vitacura, Santiago, Chile

WifiThere is free wifi connection available at conference room and stand area.

Preview roomSpeakers should bring their presentation directly to the Preview room on the side of the registration desk.

Schedule:Monday 17, 08:00 hrs. – 18:30 hrs.Tuesday 18, 08:00 hrs. – 18:30 hrs.Thursday 20, 08:00 hrs. – 18:00 hrs.Friday 21, 08:30 hrs. – 11:30 hrs.

Translation9ITGS will have English and Spanish translation at the plenary room, to obtain your simultaneous translator receiver, you must give any personal document like ID or passport.

Symposium BadgesUse of badges is compulsory at all times.■Participant - Blue■ Organizing Committee - Blue■ Keynote Speaker - Blue■ Accompanying Person - Yellow■ Stand – Red■ One Day Participant – Monday: Green / Tuesday: Burgundy / Thursday: Light blue / Friday: Orange■ Staff - Grey

Badges benefits■ Blue badges: congress material, welcoming cocktail, technical tour (only pre registered), lunch, coffee breaks, farewell cocktail.■ Red Badges: welcoming cocktail, coffee breaks, farewell cocktail.■ Accompanying Person Badges: welcoming cocktail, Santiago city tour on Wednesday 19, gala dinner.■ One Day Participant Badges: congress material, lunch, coffee breaks.

USEFUL INFORMATION



Dress CodeFor daytime sessions and evening events, semi-formal dress is recommeded. Remember that in conference rooms, temperatures may vary.For technical outings it is recommended to wear loose clothing that protects the skin from the sun (long pants and shirt or long-sleeved shirt).For closing dinner is suggested business formal

Certificates9ITGS will send electronic certificates 15 days after conference to the email you use to register.Certificates will be: Participant – Poster presentation – Oral presentation.

TaxiIf you don’t use conference buses, please call a taxi by an APP. Taxis in Casa-Piedra Conference Center front door, are not recommended.

BusesFor 9ITGS participants, buses will depart from Boulevard Suites Hotel front door to CasaPiedra and vice versa. Buses will leave as soon as they are full.

USEFUL INFORMATION

DATE TO CASA PIEDRA

TO BOULEVARD SUITES

TO TECHNICAL TOUR

TO SANTIAGO

TO CLOSING DINNER

TO BOULEVARD SUITES

SUNDAY 16 18:00 hrs. 21:00 hrs.

MONDAY 17 07:45 hrs. 18:30 hrs.

TUESDAY 18 07:45 hrs. 18:30 hrs.

WEDNESDAY 19 07:00 hrs. 17:00 hrs.

THURSDAY 20 07:45 hrs. 18:00 hrs. 19:15 hrs. 23:00 /02:00 hrs.

FRIDAY 21 09:00 hrs. 12:00 /14:00 hrs

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