programme ii ba subject society,economy and culture …

PROGRAMME II BA

SUBJECT SOCIETY,ECONOMY AND CULTURE OF

KARNATAKA

SEMESTER III SEMESTER

UNIVERSITY BANGALORE UNIVERSITY

SESSION 01 - KARNATAKA UNDER THE MAURYAN

RULE

SOCIETY,ECONOMY AND CULTURE OF

KARNATAKA

KARNATAKA UNDER MAURYAN RULE

LEARNING OBJECTIVES OF THE SESSION

• To make students understand about the Mauryan rule in Karnataka

SESSION OUTCOME

Students are able to understand about the Mauryan in Karnataka

and learn about the Ashokan edicts.

The Mauryan empire - 321 to 185 BCE

Founder - Chandragupta Maurya

Capital – Pataliputra

Minister, Adviser – Kautilya

Arthashsthra - The Science of Material Gain or The Science of Polity

INTRODUCTION

Chandragupta Maurya in Karnataka

Digambara Jain guru Bhadrabahu forecasted 12 years of famine.

Bhadrabahu led a migration of Jain monks to South India.

Chandragupta Maurya abdicates throne and follows guru

Chandra Gupta and Bhadrabahu moved to Sravanabelagola in

Karnataka.

He lived as an ascetic at shravanabelagola for several years .

Rock Edicts of Ashoka in Karnataka

Places of Asoka's inscription in Karnataka

Chitradurga - a) Bhramagiri

b) Jatingha Rameshwara

Raichur– c)Maski

d)Siddapur

Koppal- e)Gavi Matha

f) Palkigunda

Balari – g)Nitturu

h)Udayagolam

Gulbarga – i) Sannathi

MCQ 1

• Question – The founder of Mauryan dynasty was

a. Ashoka

b. Bimbasara

c. Chandragupta maurya

d. Chandragupta

Ans: c. Chandragupta Maurya

MCQ 2

• Question – The capital of Mauryan dynasty was

a. Pataliputra

b. Punjab

c. Rajasthan

d. Pythan

Ans: a. Pataliputra

MCQ 3

• Question –Kautilya belongs to which dynasty.

a. Maurya dynasty

b. Gupta dynasty

c. Shatavanahas dynasty

d. Chalukyan dynasty

Ans: a. Maurya dynasty

MCQ 4

• Question – Ashoka devanama priyapriyadarshi

belongs to which inscription.

a. Gavi Mata

b. Maski

c. Brahma giri

d. Falki gunda

Ans: b. Maski

MCQ 5

• Question – In south India which place did Chandragupta

maurya choose to start practice of sallekhana

a. Sravanabelagola

b. Beluru

c. Halebidu

d. Melkotte

Ans: a. Sravanabelagola

REFERENCES

• Alain Daniélou (2003). A Brief History of India. Simon and Schuster.

• Arthur Llewellyn Basham (1951). History and doctrines of the Ājīvikas: a vanished Indian religion.

• Burton Stein (1998). A History of India (1st ed.).

• H. C. Raychaudhuri (1988) [1967]. "India in the Age of the Nandas".

• Age of the Nandas and Mauryas (Second ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.

• H. C. Raychaudhuri; B. N. Mukherjee (1996). Political History of Ancient India: From the Accession of Parikshit to the Extinction of the Gupta Dynasty.

PROGRAMME II BA


KARNATAKA



SESSION 02 – SATAVAHANAS : EARLY DYNASTIES


KARNATAKA

SATAVAHANAS - EARLY DYNASTIES


• To make students to understand about the rule of the Satavahana

dynasty in Karnataka

SESSION OUTCOME

Students are able to understand about the Satavahana period and about

the beginnings of early dynastical rule in Karnataka.

RECAP

• Karnataka under Mauryan rule

Origin from Andhra ( 235BC TO 225AD)

Feudatories of Mauryas

Capital – Paithan

Founder- Simukha.

INTRODUCTION

Contributions of Shatavanahanas

Administration

King

Mantri parishat

Amatya

Rajamatya

Mahamataya

Mahasenapathi

Heranika

Lekhaka

Mahasandhi vigrahika

Bhandagarikha

Different departments

Military

Finance

Justice

Agriculture

Industries

The Empire divided into

Janapada

Aharas

Nigamas(Town)

Gramas(villages)

Question-What was the capital of Shatavanahas dynasty

a. Paithan

b. Banavasi

c. Thalakadu

d. Beluru

Ans. A - Paithan

MCQ 1

Question – who was the founder of Shatavahana dynasty

a. shatakarni

b. Hala

c. Simuka

d. None of the above

Ans. C - Simuka

MCQ 2

Question – The famous king of Shatavanahas was

a. Hala

b. Simuka

c. Krishna

d. Gautami putra shatakarni

Ans. D – Gautami Putra shatakarni

MCQ 3

Question – who wrote Gathasapthasathi

a. Hala

b. simuka

c. Shathakarni I

d. Shathakarni II

Ans. A - Hala

MCQ 4

MCQ 5

Question – which inscription tells about achievements of

Gautami Putra Shatakarni

a. Nanaa ghat inscription

b. Nasik inscription

c. Halmidi inscription


Ans. B Nasik inscription

MCQ 6

Question – who started SHAKA ERA

a. King Hala

b. 1st Shatakarni

c. Krishana

d. Gautami Putra shatakarni

Ans. A King Hala

MCQ 7

Question – who wrote Brahat Katha

a. Hala

b. Gautami Putra shatakarni

c. Gunadhya

d. Yajna shri

Ans. C - Gunadhya

MCQ 8

Question – Which King got the title “ Tri samudra toya

pitavahana”

a. Vasista Putra

b. Gautami Putra shatakarni

c. Pulamayi

d. Shatakarni - I

Ans. B Gautami Putra shatakarni

Ajay Mitra Shastri - The Age of the Sātavāhanas.

Akira Shimada - Early Buddhist Architecture in Context.

B. S. L. Hanumantha Rao -The Age of Satavahana.

Carla M. Sinopoli - "On the edge of empire: form and substance in the Satavahana

dynasty".

Himanshu Prabha Ray - Monastery and guild: commerce under the Sātavāhanas.

REFERENCES

PROGRAMME II BA


KARNATAKA



SESSION 03 – LAND GRANTS

SOCIETY, ECONOMY AND CULTURE OF

KARNATAKA

LAND GRANTS


To make students to understand the importance of land grants

SESSION OUTCOME

Students are able to analyze about land grants during

kadamba period.

RECAP OF PREVIOUS SESSION

• The Satavahanas – early dynasties and their administration

land grants were donated by

Kings

Queens

Royals

Feudatories

Merchants

INTRODUCTION

Land grants were donated to

Temples

Mathas

Education Institutions

Brahmans

Dharmasarshis

Purpose of land grants

Religious practices

Education

Knowledge

Religious ceremonies

In lieu of Salary

Types of land grants

A. Religious grants

Bhramadeya

Devabhogha

Agrahara

Shalabhogha

B. Non-religious grants

Feudatories

Officers

Brave warriors

Devadasis

Question– what are the two types of land grants

a. Religious grants

b. Non-religious

c. Both a and b

d. None of this

Ans. C – Both a and b

MCQ 1

Question – During which period land grants were granted

more

a. Satavahanas

b. Kadambas

c. Gangas

d. Hoysalas

Ans. B- Kadambha

MCQ 2

Question – The land grants were given to Brahman Pandithas were

known as

a. Bhramadeya

b. Devabhogha

c. Shalabhogha

d. None of this

Ans. A - Bhramadeya

MCQ 3

Question – The land grants given to temples were called

as

a. shalabhogha

b. Bhramadeya

c. Devabhogha

d. None of this

Ans. C- Devabhogha

MCQ 4

Question – ‘Sarvamanya bhoomi’ means

a. Taxed land

b. Irrigated land

c. Barren land

d. Tax free land

Ans. D - Tax free land

MCQ 5

Heritage of Karnataka - R S Mugali

A History of South India - K A Nilakanta Shastri

REFERENCES

PROGRAMME II BA


KARNATAKA



SESSION 04 - AGRAHARAS

SOCIETY, ECONOMY AND CULTURE OF

KARNATAKA

AGRAHARAS

OBJECTIVES

• To understand about the system and administration

of Agraharas

SESSION OUTCOME

Learners learnt about Agraharas, their

administration and purposes.

Recap

Land grants in Karnataka

Objectives of land grants

Types of land grants.

Centers of Learning in ancient Period were

Agraharas

Bramhapuris

Bhramadeyas

Ghatikasthanas

Introduction

Chaturvedi mangalam - Agrahara

Agrahara = Agra + Ahara

Agra means superior

Aharas means Place or Country

Agraharas - small university centers

Kadambas started granting of land to Agrahara during 5th

century CE

Royal Patronage

Ganga , Chalukya , Rastrakuta and Hoysalas also continued this

tradition.

Some Important Agraharas in Karnataka

are

• Balligave

• Sthanakanduru

• Nagavi

• Sringeri

• Lakkundi

• Salotagi & many more

Administration of Agraharas

Head of Agrahara - Mahajan or Urodeyas

Position was Hereditary in nature

They were assisted by kulkarni

Functions of Agrahara

Education

Tax collection

Temple administration

Temple overall development

Village development

Justice

Punishment

Constructing wells, ponds , cannels and channels,

Sewage

Free from central administration

MCQ 1

• Question – For whom Agraharas were given

A. Kshatriya

B. Brahmanas

C. Vyshya

D. All the of the above

Ans: B. Brahmanas

MCQ 2 • Question –the head of Agraharas was called as

a. Mahajan

b. Gramini

c. Brahmana

d. None of this.

Ans. a. Mahajan

MCQ 3

• Question – The functions of Agraharas are

a. Education

b. Tax collection

c. Judgement

d. All of the above

Ans. D. All of the above.

MCQ 4

• Question –The main function of Agraharas was

a. Education

b. Business

c. Trade

d. None of this.

Ans. a. Education

REFERENCES

• Cynthia Talbot (2001). Precolonial India in Practice: Society,

Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra.

• P. T. Srinivasa Iyengar (1929). History of the Tamils from the

Earliest Times to 600 A. D.

PROGRAMME II BA


KARNATAKA



SESSION 05 - AGRARIAN ECONOMY AND TRADE

SOCIETY,ECONOMY AND

CULTURE OF KARNATAKA

AGRARIAN ECONOMY AND TRADE


• To understand about agrarian structure and Guild system , Types of

guilds , Weights and Measurement and Imports of trade.

SESSION OUTCOME

Students are able to understand about early medieval agrarian

economy.

• Recap

The Agraharas as Learning centre

Objectives of Agraharas

Administration of Agraharas

Introduction

Agriculture - main occupation of the people

Guilds – two types

Merchant guilds and Artisan guilds

The Chalukyas - trade contacts with foreign traders in coastal region

Main ports

Kalyana

Supara

Mangalore

Malpe

Goa

Thana

Types of Guilds

1.Merchant guilds

• Bananjus

• Settiguttas

• Nakharas

• Nanadesis

• Pattanigaru

2. Artisan or Craft guilds

• Ugura

• Kuruba

• Sreni

• Medaru

• Okkalu

• Billa

The Industrial guilds

Gold smith

Artisan

Carpenters

Telligas

Stone cutters

Chippigas

Weights and Measures

Mana - 11.2 K.G

Seru - 17.28 K.G

Visa ( 3 Seru)

Rajaseru

Nivartaney

Types of coins

Varaha, Gadyana - Gold coins

Silver coins

Copper coins

Imports of Trade

• Sandalwood

• Spices

• Food grains.

MCQ 1

• Question – The important Ports of agrarian economy was

a. Goa

b. Kalyana

c. Malpe

d. All of the above

Ans: d. All of the above

MCQ 2

• Question –The members of Merchant guild known as

a. Bananjus

b. Nanadesis

c. Nakharas

d. All of the above

Ans: d. All of the above

MCQ 3

• Question –The weights and measures used in agrarian economy was

a. Mana

b. Peru

c. Both a and b

d. None of this.

Ans: c. Both a and b

MCQ 4

• Question –The goods imported during agrarian period was

a. Coffee

b. Rubber

c. Tea

d. None of this.

Ans: d. none of this.

REFERENCES

• Alexandros, Nicos (1993). Agriculture: Towards 2010, Rome: Food and Agriculture Organisation of United Nations.

• . Bhagwati, Jagdish and Arvind Pangariya, (1996). The Economics of Preferential Trade Agreements, Washington: AEI Press. Bhagwati, Jagdish and T.N. Srinivasan (1976). Foreign Trade Regimes and Economic Development.

• Antonio and Will Martin (1993) Implications of Agricultural Trade Liberalization for the Developing Countries, Agricultural Economics,.

PROGRAMME II BA


KARNATAKA



SESSION 06 – AIHOLE 500


KARNATAKA

AIHOLE 500


• To understand the contributions of Guild system especially Aihole 500

SESSION OUTCOME

Learnt about the most powerful guild of Aihole 500 which had

dominated the mercantile trade up to 13th century.

RECAP

Agrarian economy and Trade

Existence – 9th to 13th centuries

Famous commercial organizations

Large in size

Name – Ayyavole Nooruvar

500 members

Aryapura - Aihole

INTRODUCTION

Organization

• Elders were called Jeshta, Pattanaswami

• Role – protection of Guild members

• Donations to temples, social works

• Collection of taxes from members

• Worked like Banks

AIHOLE 500 - MEMBERS

• Nanadeshis

• Chettiyars

• Ubayananadeshi

• Veera bananju

• Nagarattar

BRANCHES OF AIHOLE 500

• Karnataka

• Andhra Pradesh

• Tamil Nadu

• Kerala

• Maharashtra

Important centers in Karnataka

• Balligave

• Dharwad

• Bijapur

• Raichur

• Arasikere

• Sirsingi

Foreign contacts

• Malaya

• Java

• Sumatra

• China

• Burma

• Persia

• Arabia …

Imports and Exports

• Cotton clothes

• Sugar

• Wheat

• Pepper

• Ginger

• Cloves

• Diamonds and Precious stones ….

MCQ 1

• Under which dynasty was Aihole 500 established

a. Satavahanas

b. Kadambas

c. Badami Chalukyas

d. Rashtrakutas

Ans. C - Badami Chalukyas

MCQ 2

• Old name for Aihole was

a. Aryapura

b. Vatapi

c. Banavasi

d. Paithan

Ans. A - Aryapura

MCQ 3

• Head of the Aihole 500 known as

a. Prabhu

b. Swami

c. Samrat

d. Pattanaswami

Ans. D - Pattanaswami

MCQ 4

• What were the Exports & Imports of Aihole 500

a. Pepper

b. Diamond

c. Cotton Cloth

d. All the above

Ans. D - All the above

REFERENCES

• A History of South India by K.A.Nilakanta Sastri

• Karnataka through the Ages by R.R.Diwakar

• Karnataka Parampare by R.R.Diwakar ( 2 vols)

• History and Culture of Karnataka by K.R.Basavaraju

PROGRAMME II BA


KARNATAKA



SESSION 08 - HOYSALA ARCHITECTURE


KARNATAKA

HOYSALA ARCHITECTURE

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• To make students to understand the contributions of Hoysalas of

Dwarasamudra to the field of Art and Architecture of Karnataka.

SESSION OUTCOME

Students learnt about the contributions of Hoysalas of

Dwarasamudra to Art and Architecture

RECAP

• Chalukyan art and architecture.

• Hoysalas of Dwarasamudra - 11th to 14th century.

• Important centre's of architecture – Beluru, Halebidu,

Somanathapura,Talakadu,Nuggeyhalli,Basrallu etc

INTRODUCTION

Characteristics of Hoysalas Style

Star shaped platform

Jagathi

Exterior walls (Pradkshina Patha)

Shikaras

Lathe – turned pillars

Jalandharas

Madhanikas / Shilabalikas

Makara thorana

Soap stone / Chlorite Schist

Kuta(cell) type of architecture

Examples

Beluru - Chennakeshava temple

Halebidu - Hoysaleshwara temple

Somanthapura - Keshava Temple

Melukote - Cheluvanarayana temple

Thalakadu - Keerthinarayana

Question – Who was the founder of Hoysala dynasty

a. Balala I

b. Balala II

c. Sala

d. Balala III

Ans. C - Sala

MCQ 1

Question – Most important ruler of Hoysala dynasty was

a. Krishnadevaraya

b. Rachamala

c. Chavundaraya

d. Vishnuvardhana

Ans. D - Vishnuvardhana

MCQ 2

Question – Who was the Jaina muni(sage) ,inspired for the

establishment of Hoysala dynasty

a. Badrabahu

b. Sudhadatta charya

c. Vidyaranya


Ans. B – Sudhadatta charya

MCQ 3

Question – Who was the Hoysala ruler ruling at the time

of Alauddin khilji’s attack.

a. Balala I

b. Balala III

c. Balala II


Ans. B - Balala III

MCQ 4

Question – Who built Chennakeshava temple at Beluru

a. Shiva Mara

b. Rachamala

c. Sala

d. Vishnuvardhana

Ans. D - Vishnuvardhana

MCQ 5

Question-The capital of Hoysala is

a. Halebidu

b. Somanthapura

c. Halebidu

d. Melukote

Ans. A - Halebidu

MCQ 6

Question- Earlier name of Halebidu is

a. Dwarasamudra

b. Beluru

c. Vatapi

d. Hampi

Ans. A - Dwarasamudra

MCQ 7

Question – What is meant by Panchakuta

a. Two sanctums

b. Four sanctums

c. Five sanctums

d. One sanctums

Ans. B - Five sanctums

MCQ 8

Kamath, Suryanath U. (2001) [1980]. A concise history of Karnataka: from pre-

historic times to the present

Sastry, K.A. Nilakanta (2002) [1955]. A history of South India from prehistoric times

to the fall of Vijayanagar.

Cousens, Henry (1996) [1926]. The Chalukyan Architecture of Kanarese Districts.

Foekema, Gerard (1996). Complete Guide to Hoysala Temples. New Delhi.

REFERENCES

PROGRAMME II BA


KARNATAKA



SESSION 07 - CHALUKYAN ARCHITECTURE


KARNATAKA

CHALUKYAN ARCHITECTURE

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• To make students to understand the heritage of Badami Chalukyan

Art and Architecture

SESSION OUTCOME

Students are able to know and understand the features,

various styles of art and architecture of temples of chalukyas of

Badami.

RECAP

• Aihole 500 and its significance.

Introduction

Types of architecture

Cave temples

Structural temples

Styles of architecture

Nagara style

Dravidian style

Vesara style

Rock cut cave temple at Badami

Cave I ( Shiva cave)

Cave II ( Vaishnava cave)

Cave III ( Vaishnava cave)

Cave IV ( Jaina cave )

Structural temples

CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES

Aihole, Badami and Pattadakalu – centers of architecture

Aihole - First capital

Flat roofs

Richly curved ceiling

Aihole cradle of temple architecture

Pattadakalu world heritage site

Aihole Temples

Lad khan temple

Durga temple

Meguthi temple

Huchimalli temple

Konti gudi

Pattadakalu Temples

Virupaksha temple

Mallikarjuna temple

Sangameshwara temple

Papanatha temple

Kashi vishwanatha temple

Galganath temple

Question – In which style is Durga temple at

Aihole is built.

a. Nagara.

b. Vesara.

c. Dravida.

d. None of this.

Ans. B - Vesara

MCQ 1

Question – which of the following is center of

Badami chalukyas is a world heritage site

a. Badami

b. Aihole

c. Pattadakalu

d. Bijapur

Ans. C - Pattadakalu

MCQ 2

Question – Early name of Badami is

a. Aroha

b. Hampi

c. Pythana

d. Vatapi

Ans. D - Vatapi

MCQ 3

Question – The court poet of Pulakeshi II

a. Bana

b. Pampa

c. Ranna

d. Ravi keerthi

Ans. D - Ravi keerthi

MCQ 4

Question – In which temple is Aihole inscription found

a. Ladkan temple

b. Meguthi temple

c. Durga temple

d. Virupaksha temple

Ans. B - Meguthi temple

MCQ 5

Question – Who built Meguthi Jinalaya

a. Vinayaadithya

b. Vijayaadithya

c. Keerthivarma II

d. Ravi keerthi

Ans. D - Ravi keerthi

MCQ 6

Question- Who built Virupaksha temple

a. Lokhamahadevi

b. Trilokhyamahadevi

c. Both a and b


Ans.a - Lokhamahadevi

MCQ 7

Question- Which place is known as cradle of Indian Temple

Architecture

a. Badami

b. Aihole

c. Pattadakalu

d. Bijapur

Ans. B - Aihole

MCQ 8

S Rajashekar – Karnataka Art and Architecture

R.R.Diwakar -Karnataka through ages

Nilakanta Sastri, K.A. (1955). A History of South India, From Prehistoric times to fall

of Vijayanagar, OUP, New Delhi (Reprinted 2002).

Dr. Suryanath U. Kamat (2001). Concise History of Karnataka, MCC, Bangalore

(Reprinted 2002).

REFERENCES

programme ii ba subject society,economy and culture …

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