programme: m.sc. (physics) faculty of science and humanities · programme: m.sc. (physics) faculty...

SATHYABAMA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES

M.Sc. (PHYSICS) REGULAR 12 REGULATIONS2015

PROGRAMME: M.SC. ( P H Y S I C S )

FACULTY OF SC I ENCE AND HUM ANI T I ES

CURRICULUM

Sl. No. COURSE CODE

SEMESTER 1

COURSE TITLE L T P C PAGE No.

THEORY

1 SPH 5101 Mathematical Physics

3 1 0 4 1

2 SPH 5102 Classical Mechanics 3 1 0 4 2

3 SPH 5103 Solid State Physics - I 3 1 0 4 3

4 SPH 5104 Integrated Electronics 3 1 0 4 4

PRACTICAL

5 SPH 6530 General Physics Lab – I

0 0 4 2 5

6 SPH 6531 Electronics Lab – I 0 0 4 2 6

Total Credits 20

Sl. No. COURSE CODE

SEMESTER 2

COURSE TITLE

C PAGE No.

L T P

THEORY

1. SPH 5105 Electromagnetic Theory

3 1 0 4 7

2. SPH 5106 Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics 3 1 0 4 8

3 SPH 5107 Numerical Methods and Computer Programming 3 1 0 4 9

4 SPH 5108 Micro processor, Micro Controller and Embeded System 3 1 0 4 10

5 SPH 6532 Microprocessor and Microcontroller Lab 0 0 4 2 11

6 SPH 6533 General Physics Lab – II 0 0 4 2 11

INTERNSHIP

Professional Training 0 0 0 5

7 S59 SPT

Total Credits 25

PROFESSIONAL TRAINING SHOULD BE AT THE END OF SECOND SEMESTER AS INDUSTRIAL TRAINING OR

VALUE ADDED CERTIFICATE COURSE IN CORE AREA OF PHYSICS OR APPLIED PHYSICS FOR A MINIMUM OF 2 TO

3 WEEKS

L – LECTURE HOURS; T – TUTORIAL HOURS; P – PRACTICAL HOURS; C – CREDITS


SATHYABAMA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES

Sl. No. COURSE CODE

SEMESTER 3


THEORY

1 SPH 5201 Solid State Physics-II 3 1 0 4 12

2 SPH 5202 Quantum Mechanics 3 1 0 4 13

3 SPH 5203 Spectroscopy 3 1 0 4 14

4 SPH 5204 Communication Electronics 3 1 0 4 15

PRACTICAL

SPH 6534 Electronics Lab – II 0 0 4 2 16 5

6 Project Phase - I

Total Credits

18

Sl. No. COURSE CODE

SEMESTER 4


THEORY

SPH 5205 Nuclear And Particle Physics 3 1 0 4 17 1

2 Elective – 1 3 1 0 4

3 Elective – 2 3 1 0 4

PROJECT

S59PROJ Project Work Phase – l & II

0 0 40 20

4

Total Credits 32

Total Course Credits 95

ELECTIVES - 1

Sl. No. COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE L T P C PAGE No.

1 SPH 5601 Materials Science 3 1 0 4 18

2 SPH 5602 Renewable Energy Sources 3 1 0 4 19

3 SPH 5603 Bio Physics 3 1 0 4 20

4 SPH 5604 Instrumentation Physics

ELECTIVE – 2 3 1 0 4 21

Sl. No. COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE L T P C PAGE No.

1 SPH 5605 Nano Materials And Application3 1 0 4 22

2 SPH 5606 Crystallography and Crystal Growth 3 1 0 4 23

3 SPH 5607 High Pressure Physics 3 1 0 4 24

4 SPH 5608 Ultrasonics 3 1 0 4 25

5 SPH 5609 Nonlinear Dynamics 3 1 0 4 26

6 SPH 5610 Condensed Matter Physics 3 1 0 4 27

SATHYABAMA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FACULTYOF SCIENCEANDHUMANITIES


SPH 5101 MATHEMATICALPHYSICS L T P Credits Total Marks

3 1 0 4 100

COURSE OBJECTIVE To provide the students with an overview of statistical thought and their respective models and methods and to provide some of the basic computation skills.

UNIT 1 VECTOR CALCULUS 12 Hrs. Gradient, divergence and curl – Directional derivative – Irrotational and Solenoidal vector fields -Vector

Integration – Simple problems on line, surface and volume Integrals, Green’s theorem in a plane, Gauss divergence theorem and Stoke’s theorem -Helmholtz theorem (F(r) from curl and divergence of F), Maxwell's equations, Dirac delta function, charge densities for simple geometries-Application of vectors, hydrodynamics, electromagnetic field.

UNIT 2 MATRICES 12 Hrs. Definitions and types of matrices – Solution of linear algebraic equations –Characteristic equation and diagonal

form – Cayley-Hamilton theorem – Functions of matrices– Application in solving linear differential equation-Introduction to Tensor Analysis, Addition and Subtraction of Tensors- Summation convention-Contraction-Direct Product- Levi~Civita Symbol.

UNIT 3 FOURIER INTEGRALS, TRANSFORMATION AND SPECIALFUNCTIONS 12 Hrs. Fourier integrals –Different form of Fourier Integral formula – Inverse Laplace theorem (Fourier-Mellin

theorem)-Inverse Fourier integral transforms – Convolution theorem Fourier Transformations – Beta and Gamma functions and their properties – Relation between them – Different forms of Beta functions – Evalution of miscellaneous integrals.

UNIT 4 DIFFERENTIALEQUATIONS 12 Hrs. Bessel differential equation: Solution – Recurrence formula for Jn (x) – Generating function for Jn(x)-Legendre’s

differential equation: Solution – Orthogonal properties of Legendre’s polynomials – Recurrence formula – Rodringue’s formula – Generating function for Pn(x)-Hermite differential equation: Solution – Hermite’s polynomials-generating function – Orthogonal properties and different forms for the Hermite polynomials – Recurrence formula..

UNIT 5 COMPLEX VARIABLES 12 Hrs. Analytic function – Necessary and sufficient condition for f(z) to be analytic – Harmonic function – Complex

integration – Cauchy integral theorem – Extension to multiply connected region – Cauchy integral formula – Cauchy integral formula for the derivative of an analytic function – Convergence of a series of complex terms – Taylor’s theorem –Laurent’s theorem – Singular points – Residue – Method of finding Residues – Residue theorem – Evaluation of definite integral by contour – Integration – Integration round the unit circle of the type f(CosT, SinT)dT - Evaluation of f(x) dx.

Max. 60 Hours

T EXT / REF ERENCEBOOKS 1. Satya Prakash, Mathematical Physics, 6th revised edn, Sultan Chand & sons, Reprint, 2014.

2. B.D. Gupta, Mathematical Physics, 3rd Revised Edition, Vikas Publishing House, 2004. 3. L.A. Pipes and L.R. Harvill, Applied Mathematics for Engineers and Physicists, McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 1970. 4. G. B. Arfken and H.J. Weber, Mathematical Methods for Physicists, 5th edition, Academic Press, London, 2001.

5. E. Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 5th edition, Wiley Eastern, 1991. 6. B.S.Grewal, Higher Engineering Mathematics, Khanna Publishers, Reprint, 2003. 7. Joshi, A. W, Elements of Group Theory for Physicists, 4th Edition/ New Age International, New Delhi, 1997.

8. M. Hamermesh, Group theory and its application to physical problems, Addison Wesley, 1962. 9. Cotton. F. A., Chemical Applications of group Theory, 3rd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 1990. 10. Joshi, A. W., Matrices and Tensors in Physics, 3rd Edition, Wiley Eastern, Madras, 1990. 11. Mittal, P.K, Anand, J.D., A Text Book of Group Theory, Har Anand Publication Pvt. Ltd, 2011

END SEMESTER EXAMQUESTION PAPER PATTERN Max. Marks: 80 ExamDuration: 3 Hrs. PART A: 6 Questions of 5 mark each - No choice. 30 Marks PART B: 2 Questions from each unit of internal choice, each carrying 10 marks. 50 Marks



SPH 5102 CLASSICALMECHANICS L T P Credits Total Marks

3 1 0 4 100

COURSE OBJECTIVE To enable students to understand the description of equations of motion of a system (using Lagrangian, Hamiltonian mechanics and finally canonical transformation).

UNIT 1 LAGRANGIANFORMULATION 12 Hrs.

Constraints, Classification of Constraints, Principal of Virtual Work, D’Alembert’s principal and Lagrangian equation and its applications.-simple pendulum, compound pendulum and Atwoods machine . Hamilton’s Principle, Langrange’s equations of motion from Hamilton’s principle, extention to non-holonomic systems, conservation theorem and symmetry properties. Problems.

UNIT 2 MOTIONUNDER CENTRALFORCE: TWOBODY PROBLEM 12 Hrs.

Equivalent one body problem -equation of motion and first integral Two body central force -Kepler’s Problem : Inverse square law of force, Motion in time in Kepler’s problem, orbits of artificial satellites: scattering in central field force-angle of scattering , differential scattering cross section, Rutherford scattering. Problems.

UNIT 3 MECHANICS OF RIGID BODY Angular momentum and kinetic energy – moment of inertia tensor – principle axes – Euler’s angle – Euler’s equations

of motion – Force free motion of a symmetrical top – Heavy symmetric top with one point fixed. Problems.

UNIT 4 HAMILTON’S FORMULATION 12 Hrs. Hamilton’s function and Hamilton’s equations of motion, cyclic coordinates and conservation theorem, Ruth’s

Procedure and oscillations about steady motion, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian of relativistic particles and light rays-principle of least action. Problems

UNIT 5 CANONICALTRANSFORMATIONS 12 Hrs.

Generating function, Conditions for canonical transformation and problem, Poisson Brackets: Definition, invariance under canonical transformation, equation of motion in canonical form-Poisson theorem, Angular momentum Poisson’s bracket relations, symmetry groups of mechanical systems, Liouville’s Theorem, Hamilton – Jacobi equation for Hamilton’sprinciple function. Problems

Max. 60 Hours

T EXT / REF ERENCEBOOKS

1. P.V.Panat, Classical Mechanics, Narosa Publishing Home, New Delhi.

2. H.Goldstein, Classical Mechanics, 3rd Edn, Pearson Education Asia, 2000.

3. T. W. B. Kibble, Classical Mechanics, 5th Edn, Imperial College press, 2004.

4. J. L. Synge and B. A. Griffith, Principles of Classical Mechanics, 2nd Edn, TMH, 1949.

5. C. R. Mondal, Classical Mechanics, 7th Edn, Asoke K.Ghosh, 2011.

6. S.L.Gupta , V.Kumar, H.V.Sharma, Classical Mechanics, 21st Edn, pragati prakshan, 2004.

END SEMESTER EXAMQUESTION PAPER PATTERN

Max. Marks: 100 Exam Duration: 3 Hrs.

PART A: 6 Questions of 5 mark each - No choice. 30 Marks PART B: 2 Questions from each unit of internal choice, each carrying 14 marks. 70 Marks



SPH 5103 SOLID STATEPHYSICS-I L T P Credits Total Marks

3 1 0 4 100

COURSE OBJECTIVE To provide a valuable theoretical introduction and an overview of the fundamental applications of the physics of solids. It includes the theoretical description of crystal and electronic structure, lattice dynamics ,thermal properties ,Band theory of solids, Free electron theory of metals and Fermi surface.

UNIT 1 CRYSTALSTRUCTURE 12 Hrs.

Bravais lattices, crystal systems – point groups, space groups and typical structures, Reciprocal Lattice, Planes and directions – Point, line, surface and volume defects - Ionic crystals: Born Mayer potential. Thermochemical Born-Haber cycle – Van der Waals bonding: Covalent and metallic bonding- characteristic features and examples.

UNIT 2 LATTICEVIBRATION AND THERMALPROPERTIES 12 Hrs.

Concept and momentum of phonons- Dynamics of a chain of identical atoms-dynamics of a diatomic linear chain-anharmonicity and thermal expansion-thermal conductivity-phonon-phonon interaction-normal and Umklapp processes, heat capacity-density of phonon states-Debye’s model of specific heat.

UNIT 3 FREE ELECT RON THEORYOF METALS 12 Hrs.

Electron moving in a one-dimensional well-density of states in three dimension-Fermi-Dirac statistics-effect of temperature on Fermi distribution function-electronic heat capacity-electrical resistivity-Ohm’s law-Widemann-Franz law-Hall effect.

UNIT 4 bAND THEORY OF SOLIDS 12 Hrs. Bloch’s theorem-Kronig-Penney model-construction of Brillouin zones-extended, reduced and periodic zone schemes-effective mass of an electron-nearly free electron model-conductors, semiconductors and insulators.

UNIT 5 FERMI SURFACE 12 Hrs. Fermi surface and Brilloiun zones-Harrison’s method of constructing Fermi surface in 2Delectron ,hole and open

orbits-characteristics of Fermi surface-effects of electric field on the Fermi surface-effect of magnetic field on the Fermi surface-quantisation of electron orbits-experimental study of Fermi surface (dHVA method)

Max. 60 Hours

T EXT / REF ERENCEBOOKS 1. C. Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics, 7th edition, Wiley India (P) Ltd., New Delhi, 2004.

2. M.A.Wahab, Solid State Physics, Structure and properties of materials, second edition, Narosa publishing house, 2005.

3. Micea S.Rogalski and Stuart .B.Palmer, Solid State Physics, Gordon and Breach science pub, 2001.

4. R.K.Puri and V.K.Babbar, Solid State Physics, third edition, S.Chand and company Ltd, 2005.

5. P.K.Palanisamy, Solid State Physics, Scitech publications (India). Ltd, 2003.

6. Ajay Kumar Saxena, Solid State Physics, MacMillan Publishers, 2006.

7. H.C.Gupta, Vikas publishing house private Ltd, 1995.

8. A.J.Dekker, Solid State Physics, Mac Millan press, 1975.



PART A: 6 Questions of 5 mark each - No choice. 30 Marks

PART B: 2 Questions from each unit of internal choice, each carrying 14 marks. 70 Marks



SPH 5104 INTEGRATEDELCTRONICS L T P Credits Total Marks

3 1 0 4 100

COURSE OBJECTIVE To design waveform generating circuit and understand the concepts of combinational and sequential circuits. Also to understand the basic theory of instrument used for measurement.

UNIT 1 INTEGRATEDCIRCUITSFABRICATIONTECHNOLOGY&OP-AMPFUNDAMENTALS 12 Hrs.

Integrated Circuits(IC) Fabrication Technology, Basic Monolithic Integrated circuits, Masking and Etching, Diffusion of impurities, Transistors for Monolithic circuits, Monolithic Diodes, Integrated Resistors, Capacitors. Building blocks for operational amplifier, Ideal operational amplifier, DC and AC Characteristics Input offset voltage, Input bias current, Input offset current, Total output offset voltage, Thermal drift, Slew rate, CMRR.

UNIT 2 ANALOGELECTRONICS 12 Hrs. Basics of operational amplifiers, voltage gain, input and output impedance of inverting amplifier, non-inverting

amplifier; phase inverter, scale changer, integrator, differentiator, Voltage to current Current to voltage converters Voltage multiplier, limiter, clipper, clamper and peak-to-peak detector, difference amplifier, instrumentation amplifier, active filters(low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-reject/ notch), RC phase shift and Wien bridge oscillators, comparators, schmitt trigger, multivibrators, AMV and MMV using 555 timer, waveform generation.

UNIT 3 PLL&A/DANDD/ACONVERTERS 12 Hrs. Sample and Hold circuit, Digital to analog converters: R-2R ladder network and Binary weighted, Analog to

digital converters: Flash converter, Successive approximation converter, Dual slope, Phase locked loop, Functional diagram description VCO IC LM 566, Applications, Frequency multiplier, Frequency divider, Frequency synthesizer, AM detector and FM demodulator.

UNIT 4 DIGITALELECTRONICS 12 Hrs. Introduction to Digital Circuit analysis and design, Combinational Circuits- adders, subtracters, multiplexers,

demultiplexers, encoders, decoders, Sequential circuits- flip-flops, RS, JK, Master Slaves, T and D Flip-Flops. Asynchronous Counters-4 bit binary ripple counter – mod-7 and mod-5 counter – decade. Counter – up counter – down counter – up-down counter. Synchronous counters-mod -8, mod-7, mod-6 and mod -5 parallel counters – race problem Registers - Serial shift register – Ring counter – Johnson counter.

UNIT 5 ELECTRONIC INST RUMENTSAND DISPLAYDEVICES 12 Hrs. Electronic measuring instruments-classification-multimeter, digital multimeter, signal generators and

oscilloscope-construction, working and application. Photo diode, ICL 8038 function generator IC –Opto – Coupler, LED-construction, working and sevensegment display, LCD- construction, working and applications.

Max. 60 Hours

T EXT / REF ERENCEBOOKS 1. Roy Choudry and Shail Jain, Linear Integrated Circuits, 4th edition, Wiley Eastern Ltd., 2010.

2. Morris. M. Mano and Michael.D.Ciletti, Digital Design, Fourth edition, Pearson Education, 2008.

3. Floyd and Jain, Digital Fundamentals, Eighth edition, Pearson Education, 2003.

4. Gayakwad .R A, Op-amps & Linear Integrated Circuits', Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2009.

5. Millman, J. and Halkias, C.C., Integrated Electronics-Analog and Digital Systems, McGraw Hill, 2009.






SPH 6530 GENERALLAB- I L T P Credits Total Marks

0 0 4 2 100

COURSE OBJECTIVE To make the students to understand a broad range of experimental techniques and to enable them to demonstrate their ability to use the techniques in conducting scientific experiments and observations.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Quincke’s Method - Determination of magnetic susceptibility of liquid. 2. Hall Effect – Determination of Hall coefficient of the given material.

3. Semiconductor diode - Determination of energy gap.

4. Laser grating - Determination of the wavelength of laser.

5. Ultrasonic Interferometer -Determination of ultrasonic velocity and compressibility of the liquid. 6. Fibre optic cable - Determination of Numerical aperture and attenuation loss.

7. B-H Curve - Determination of hysteresis loss of a transformer core.

8. Hydrogen spectrum - Determination of the Rydberg constant.

9. Elliptical fringes – Determination of Young’s modulus. 10. Spectrometer – Polarizability of liquid.

SPH 6531 ElectronicsLab- I L T P Credits Total Marks

0 0 4 2 100

COURSE OBJECTIVE To design and analyze the amplification and waveform generating circuits using discrete components.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Determination of operational amplifier parameters: open loop gain, input impedance and output impedance, offset voltage and CMRR

2. Design and performance study of inverting, non-inverting and unity gain, adder, subtractor, half and full precision rectifier differentiator, integrator amplifier using op-amp.

3. Low pass, high pass filter using opamp741

4. Waveform generation using IC741 Op-amp a.Phase shift oscillator

b.wien bridge oscillator

c. Square waveform generator

d.Triangular waveform generator

5. IC555 timer applications (AMV and MMV). 6. Design and performance study of Schmidt trigger circuit using 741.

7. Solving simultaneous equation using opamp IC741.

8. DAC using Opamp weighted resistor R-2R ladder type (4 bit)

9. Phase Locked Loop to study PLLIC565 and construct a frequency multiplier.

10. To construct voltage controlled oscillator using IC741. 11. Instrumentation amplifier

SIMULATION USINGSPICE

1. Simulation of Experiments 3, 4, 5, 6 and 11.

2. D/A and A/D converters (Successive approximation) 3. Analog multiplier



SPH 5105 ELECTROMAGNET ICTHEORY L T P Credits Total Marks

3 1 0 4 100

COURSE OBJECTIVE To understand the static electric and magnetic fields in various aspects and relating them using Maxwell’s equations. Also to study propagation of electromagnetic wave and its interaction with matter.

UNIT 1 ELECTROSTATICSAND MAGNETOSTATICS 12 Hrs.

Dielectric and its Polarization – External Field of a Dielectric Medium – Electric Field Inside a Dielectric – Dielectric Constant and Displacement Vector – Relation Between D, P and E-Polarization of Non-Polar Molecules (Clausius-Mossotti Relation) – Polarization of Polar Molecules – Electrostatic Energy. Magnetostatics: Ampere’s Circuital Law – Magnetic Scalar Potential – Magnetic Vector Potential – Magnetisation and Magnetisation Current – Magnetic Intensity – Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability.

UNIT 2 FIELDEQUATIONANDCONSER VAT IONLAWS 12 Hrs.

Equation of Continuity – Displacement Current – Maxwell’s Equations – Derivations and Physical Significance – Energy in electromagnetic fields (Poynting’s theorem) – Poynting Vector – Electromagnetic Potentials A and ) - Maxwell’s Equations in terms of Electromagnetic Potentials –Concept of Guage – Lorentz Guage – Coulomb Guage.

UNIT 3 PROPAGATION OF PLANEELECTROMAGNETICWAVES 12 Hrs.

Electromagnetic Waves in Free Space – Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in Isotropic Dielectrics – Anisotropic Dielectric – In Conducting Media – In Ionized Gases. Interaction of EMW with Matter on Macroscopic Scale: Boundary Condition of inter faces – Reflection and Refraction – Fresnell’s Formula - Brewster’s Law and Polarization of EMW – Total Internal Reflection and Critical Angle – Reflection from a Metallic Surface – Wave Guides – Rectangular Wave Guide.

UNIT 4 INTERACTION OF EMWWITHMATTER ON MICROSCOPIC SCALE 12 Hrs. Scattering and Scattering Parameters – Scattering by a Free Electron (Thomson Scattering) – Scattering by a

Bound Electron (Rayleigh Scattering) – State of Polarization and Scattered Radiation – Coherence and Incoherence in scattered Light – Dispersion Normal and Anomalous – Dispersion in Gases (Lorentz Theory) – Dispersion in Liquids and Solids.

UNIT 5 RELATIVIST IC ELECTRODYNAMICS 12 Hrs. Four Vectors and Tensors – Transformation Equations for Charge and Current Densities – For the

Electromagnetic Potentials – The Electromagnetic Field Tensor – Transformation Equations for Electric and Magnetic field Vectors – Covariance of Maxwell Equations in four Vector form – In four Tensor form – Covariance and Transformation Law of Lorentz Force.

Max. 60 Hours


1. S.L .Gupta Kumar, V.Kumar and S.P.Singh, Electrodynamics, Pragathi Prakasham.

2. K.K.Chopra and G.C.Agrawal, K.Nath, Electro Magnetic Theory.

3. Paul Lorrain R.Corson, and Dale, Electromagnetic field and waves, 2nd Edition, CBS Publishers.

4. David J.Griffiths, Introduction to electrodynamics, Prentice hall of India.







SPH 5106 THERMODYNAMICSANDSTATISTICALMECHANICS L T P Credits Total Marks

3 1 0 4 100

COURSE OBJECTIVE To study the thermal properties of materials by different methods. Explanation of the properties of macroscopic system. Providing definitions of thermodynamic quantities and derivations of the laws of thermodynamics from the laws of quantum mechanics.

UNIT 1 REVIEWOF THELAWS OF THERMODYNAMICSANDTHEIRCONSEQUENCES 12 Hrs. Energy and first law of thermodynamics – Heat content and Heat capacity –Specific heat – Entropy and its

significance - second law of thermodynamics –thermodynamic potential and the reciprocity relations – Maxwell’s relations – Deductions – properties of thermodynamics relations – Gibb’s-Helmholtz relation – Thermodynamic equilibrium – Nernst Heat theorem of third law – consequences of third law – phase-Gibb’s phase rule – chemical potential.

UNIT 2 KINETICTHEORY 12 Hrs. Equilibrium state of dilute gas; Binary collisions – Boltzmann transport equation and its validity Boltzmann’s

H-theorem and its analysis – Maxwell – Boltzmann distribution – Method of most probable distribution. Transport phenomena: Mean free path – Conservation laws – Zero and first order approximations – Viscous hydrodynamics – Navier – Stokes equation – Examples in hydrodynamics.

UNIT 3 CLASSICALSTATISTICALMECHANICS 12 Hrs. Macro and micro states – Statistical equilibrium – Phase space and ensembles – Micro canonical ensemble –

Liouville’s theorem – Maxwell – Boltzmann distribution law – Distribution of energy and velocity – principles of equipartition of energy – Energy fluctuations – Partition function – Free energy – Relation between partition function and thermodynamic quantities – Boltzmann’s entropy relation – Grand canonical ensemble – Basic concepts of distribution laws – Maxwell–Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics.

UNIT 4 QUANTUMSTAT IST ICALMECHANICS 12 Hrs. Black body and Planck’s radiation – Phonons – Partition Function for a harmonic oscillator – Specific heat of

solids – Einstein’s theory – Debye’s theory – Specific heat of diatomic molecules – Ideal Bose gas – Energy, pressure and thermal properties – Bose – Einstein condensation – Liquid helium – Fermi – Dirac gas – Properties – Degeneracy – Electron gas – Free electron model and thermionic emission – Pauli paramagnetism – Quantum mechanical ensemble theory – Density matrix and Partition function.

UNIT 5 ADVANCED TOPICS IN STAT ISTICALMECHANICS 12 Hrs. Critical phenomena and phase transition – Weiss molecular field theory – Ferromagnetic transition – Analogy

between phase transitions – Critical indices – Ising and Heisenberg models – Elements of nonequilibrium phenomena – Fluctuations – Weiner- Khinchine theorem – Thermodynamics of irreversible processes – Onsagar’s reciprocity relations.

Max. 60 Hours

T EXT / REF ERENCEBOOKS 1. F. Reif, Statistical and Thermal physics, McGraw Hill, International Edition, Singapore, 1979.

2. B.R. Agarwal and N. Eisnor, Statistiacal Mechanics, 2nd ed, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi. 3. R. Huang, Statistical Mechanics, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi, 1983.

4. F. Mandl, Statistical physics, John Wiley, London, 1971. 5. C. Kittel, W. H. Freeman, Thermal Physics, 2nd ed. 1980. 6. F.W.Sears and G.L.Salinger, Thermodynamics, kinetic theory and statistical thermodynamics, 3rd edition, Narosa publishing

house, 1998.






NUMERICALMETHODS AND COMPUTER L T P Credits Total Marks

SPH 5107 PROGRAMMING 3 1 0 4 100

COURSE OBJECTIVE To provide the understanding of numerically obtained roots of nonlinear equations and system of linear equations. Also to apply programming practices into mathematical computing to solve mathematical problems effectively.

UNIT 1 SYSTEMOF EQUATIONS 12 Hrs.

Roots of equations-Methods of bisection and false position-Newton-Raphson method-solution of simultaneous linear algebraic equations-Gauss elimination-Gauss Jordan methods-matrix inversion and LU decomposition methods-Gauss-Seidel iterative method-Eigen values of matrices-Power method and Jacobi’s method.

UNIT 2 INTERPOLATION, CURVE FITTINGAND STATISTICS 12 Hrs.

Newton’s forward and backward interpolation formulae-Lagrange’s method-Lagrange’s inverse interpolation-curve fitting-principle of least squares-correlation and regression analysis-sampling distributions-small and large samples-tests of hypothesis-Student’s distribution-Chi square distribution.

UNIT 3 NUMERICALDIFFERENTIATION AND INTEGRATION 12 Hrs.

Newton’s forward and backward difference formulae-numerical integration-Trapezoidal rule and Simpson’s rule-numerical solution of ordinary differential equations-Taylor series-Euler’s method, improved and modified methods-Runge-Kutta methods-Milne’s predictor-corrector method.

UNIT 4 C PROGRAMMING 12 Hrs.

Introduction, operator, expressions, variables, input, output statements, control statements, functions , arrays, categories of functions, programs for the following computational methods: (a) Zeros of polynomials by the bisection method, (b) Zeros of polynomials / non-linear equations by the Newton-Raphson method, (c) Lagrange Interpolation, (d) Trapezoidal and Simpson’s Rules, (e) Solution of first order differential equations by Euler’s method.

UNIT 5 C ++PROGRAMMING 12 Hrs.

Introduction, operator, expressions, variables, input, output statements, control statements, basic concepts - function, arrays, subroutine and functions-simple application programs-fibonacci, Armstrong numbers creating students employee data bases-etc.,-introduction to classes and objects

Max. 60 Hours


1. M.K. Venkatraman, Numerical Methods in Science and Engineering, National Publishing company, Madras, 1996.

2. S.S. Sastry, Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 1992.

3. Kernighan and Ritchie, The C Programming language, Prentice Hall of India, 1999.

4. B.S. Gottfried, Programming with C, Tata Mc Graw Hill, 2000.

5. V. Rajaraman, Computer Programming in FORTRAN, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 1994.

6. P.Dey and M.Ghosh, Computer fundamentals and Programming in C, 2n d edition, Oxford University Press, 2006.







MICROPROCESSOR, MICROCONTROLLER AND L T P Credits Total Marks

SPH 5108 EMBEDDED SYSTEM 3 1 0 4 100

COURSE OBJECTIVE To illuminate the knowledge of microprocessor (8085, 8086, 80386, 80486) and its instruction set to develop the assembly language programs. Also to focus on the operations of peripheral interfacing microprocessor (Traffic Light control, stepper motor).

UNIT 1 8086 MICROPROCESSORS (16 BIT) 12 Hrs.

Overview of 8085 - 8086 microprocessor - Internal architecture, signals-addressing modes-instruction formats-instruction set, Programming- addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, Interfacing- traffic light controller, stepper motor control

UNIT 2 ADVANCED PROCESSORS 12 Hrs. Review of processor and its types-80286-80386-80486-Introduction to Pentium family-MMX architecture and instruction set- core 2duo and core 2 quad processor.

UNIT 3 MICROCONTROLLER (8051) 12 Hrs. Introduction to microcontroller-Architecture-Addressing mode-instruction set-instruction execution-simple programs, Interfacing-seven segment LED and LCD, ADC/DAC-water level control.

UNIT 4 ADVANCED MICROCONTROLLER 12 Hrs. PIC/ARM-RISC architecture, PC, Architecture, memory-Addressing modes-instruction set.

UNIT 5 INTRODUCTIONTOEMBEDDED HARDWARE AND SOFT WARE 12 Hrs. Terminology-Gates-Timing diagram-Memory-Microprocessor buses-Direct memory access-Interupts-Built

interrupts-Interrupts basis-shared data problems-Interrupt latency-Embedded system evolution trends-Interrupt routines in an RTOS environment.

Max. 60 Hours


1. R.S Ganokar, Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and Application with the 8085, 3rd Edition, Penram International publishing, Mumbai, 1997.

2. B. Ram, Fundamental of Microprocessor and Micro computers, Dhanput Raj publications, New Delhi.

3. V. Vijayendran, Fundamental of Microprocessor – 8085 – Architecture programming and interfacing, Viswanathan, Chennai, 2002.

4. Mazidi, Mazidi and D.MacKinlay 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems using Assembly and C, Pearson Education Low Price Edition, 2006.







SPH 6532 Microprocessor andMicrocontroller Lab L T P Credits Total Marks

0 0 4 2 100

COURSE OBJECTIVE To focus on the operation of peripheral interfacing with microprocessor and microcontroller. Also to develop the assembly language programs for arithmetic operation.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. 8085- Multiplication and division of 8bit and 16 bit. 2. 8086- Sorting of ‘n’ numbers in ascending and descending order

3. Clock program for 12 hours and 24 hours.

4. Study of 8051 Microcontroller and Interfacing facilities.

5. Addition and subtraction of 8-bit numbers.(micro controller) 6. BCD to HEX conversion and HEX to BCD conversion.(micro controller)

7. ASCII to Decimal and Decimal to ASCII conversion.(micro controller)

8. Transferring external memory data to internal memory.(micro controller)

9. Interfacing of ADC. 10. Interfacing of DAC.

11. Interfacing of 8253 timer.

12. Interfacing of 8279 Key Board Interface.

13. Interfacing stepper motor.

14. Interfacing of traffic controller.

L T P Credits Total Marks

SPH 6533 GENERALLAB- II 0 0 4 2 100

COURSE OBJECTIVE To make the students to understand a broad range of experimental techniques and to enable them to demonstrate their ability to use the techniques in conducting scientific experiments and observations.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Thickness of Insulation of a wire by interference method (Air wedge). 2. Hyperbolic fringes - Determination of Young’s modulus.

3. Dielectric constant of solid and liquid using an RFO.

4. Meyer’s disc – Viscosity of liquid.

5. Michelson’s interferometer – wavelength, separation of wavelength and thickness of a thin film. 6. G.M. counter – characteristics and inverse square law.

7. Diffraction at straight wire and circular aperture using LASER.

8. Spectrometer – Charge of an electron

9. Four probe method – energy gap of a semiconductor 10. Solar cell characteristics



SPH5201 SOLID STATEPHYSICS-II L T P Credits Total Marks

3 1 0 4 100

COURSE OBJECTIVE To expose the students to different classes of materials such as semiconducting, optical, dielectric, magnetic and superconducting materials and to understand the behaviour of materials, their properties and structures.

UNIT 1 SEMICONDUCTINGPROPERTIES 12 Hrs. Carrier concentration in intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors-Fermi level-mobility of charge carriers-effect of

temperature on mobility-electrical conductivity of semi conductors-Hall effect in semi conductors-junction properties: metal-metal junction, metal-semiconductor junction, semiconductor-semiconductor junction.

UNIT 2 DIELECTRICPROPERTIES 12 Hrs. Dipole moment-polarisation-electric field of a dipole-polarisability-classical theory of electronic polarisation-polarisability, piezo, pyro and ferroelectric properties of crystals-anti Ferro electricity and ferri electricity.

UNIT 3 OPTICALPROPERTIES 12 Hrs. Introduction, refractive index, optical absorption and dispersion in metals, semiconductors and insulators

(dielectrics), Traps, Excitons, Point defects (Frankel and schottky), Colour Centres – introduction, types - F-Centre, R-Centre, V-Centre (V1 and V2), M –Centre. Luminescence – Introduction, Principle, mechanism of Photo luminescence (Fluorescence and Phosphorescence), Electroluminescence, Injection luminescence. Non linear Optical Materials – Introduction, principle, Classifications (active and passive), Properties – polarization, frequency doubling and Tripling, Optical mixing, optical phase conjugate mirror, optical rectification, phase matching, Applications. UNIT 4 MAGNETICPROPERTIES 12 Hrs.

Classification of magnetic materials-atomic theory of magnetism- Langevin’s classical theory of diamagnetism and para magnetism-quantum theory of paramagnetism, ferromagnetism- Weiss molecular field theory-ferromagnetic domains-domain theory. Magnetic bubbles – Introduction, formation of magnetic bubbles-mechanism, propagation of magnetic bubbles-T-bar, chevron shaped. Anti ferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism-applications UNIT 5 SUPERCONDUCT INGPROPERTIES 12 Hrs.

Introduction - first occurrence of superconducting phenomenon, definition, transition temperature, Theories of superconductivity - London Theory (Macroscopic), Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer Theory (Microscopic) - explanation based on electron- lattice - electron interaction and formation of Cooper pairs, existence of energy gap, coherence length and super current; Properties of super conducting materials; Type I and Type II superconductors-definition, features, examples, explanation and comparison. London penetration depth, Ginzberg-Landau parameter-definition; D.C. and A.C. Josephson Effects- statement, construction and mechanism, applications, explanation with reference to microwave oscillator, skin Effect. High-Temperature Superconductors (HTS) – introduction, preparation, structure, properties and brief general applications; Applications (i) Cryotron (ii) magnetic Levitation –superconducting train and (iii)SQUID.-Principle, construction and mechanism

Max. 60 Hours T EXT / REF ERENCEBOOKS 1. Charles Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics, 7th edition, Wiley India (P) limited, 2004. 2. M.A.Wahab, Solid State Physics, Structure and properties of materials, second edition, Narosa publishing house, 2005. 3. Micea S.Rogalski and Stuart .B.Palmer, Solid State Physics, Gordon and Breach science pub, 2001. 4. R.K.Puri and V.K.Babbar Solid State Physics, third edition, S.Chand and company Ltd. 2005. 5. P.K.Palanisamy, Solid State Physics, Scitech publications (India). Ltd, 2003. 6. Ajay Kumar Saxena, Solid State Physics, MacMillan Publishers, 2006. 7. J.S.Blackmore, Solid State Physics, second edition, Cambridge university press,1974 8. H.C.Gupta, Solid State Physics, Vikas publishing house private Ltd. 1995. 9. N.W.Ashcroft and N.D.Mermin, Solid State Physics, CBS publishing Asia Ltd, 1988. 10. P.N.Prasad and D.J.Williams, Introduction to nonlinear effects in molecules and polymers, John Wiley, New York, 1991.






SPH 5202 QUANTUMMECHANICS L T P Credits Total Marks

3 1 0 4 100

COURSE OBJECTIVE To give introduction to operation formalism, Matrices, WKB method, Variational method, Born approximation, Dirac Matrices and Relativistic quantum theory.

UNIT 1 THE SCHRODINGER EQUATION AND STAT IONARY STATES 12 Hrs.

Physical basis of quantum mechanics – Schrodinger equation – Physical interpretation and conditions on the wave function –– normalization – probability current density- Ehrenfest theorem - Particle in a square well potential – Linear harmonic oscillator – Spherically symmetric potentials in 3-dimensions – Rigid rotator – free axis.

UNIT 2 TIME INDEPENDENT PROBLEMS 12 Hrs.

Nondegenerate case: First and second order perturbations – Degenerate case – Zeemen effect – Stark effect – Variational method –Helium atom-Time dependent perturbation theory – First order perturbation – Harmonic perturbation – Transition probability – Fermi’s Golden rule – Adiabatic approximation – Sudden Approximation.

UNIT 3 ANGULAR MOMENT UM 12 Hrs.

Commutation relation- Matrix representation of J in jm basis – Addition of angular momenta - Clebsch – Gordan coefficients for j1=j2=1/2 –Matrix Representation, Schrodinger, Heisenberg and interaction pictures – Dirac’s bra and ket notations – Application to harmonic oscillator.Discriptive).

UNIT 4 IDENT ICALPART ICLES AND SPIN 12 Hrs. Distinguishability of identical particles – Symmetry of the wave function – The exclusion principle – Connection

with statistical mechanics – Connection between spin and statistics –Spin matrices and Eigen functions – Collision of identical particles. Scattering Theory the Scattering cross section – Born Approximation and validity – Partial wave analysis – Differential and total cross sections – phase shifts

UNIT 5 RELATIVIST IC WAVEEQUATIONS 12 Hrs. Schrodinger’s relativistic Equation: free particle – Electromagnetic potentials – Separation of the equation –

Energy levels in a Coulomb field Dirac’s Relativistic Equation: Free particle equation – Dirac’s matrices – Free particle solutions – Charge and current densities – Electromagnetic potentials - Dirac’s equation for a central field:

Max. 60 Hours

T EXT / REF ERENCEBOOKS 1. L.T. Schiff, Quantum Mechanics, 3rd Edn, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 1968.

2. P.M. Mathews & K. Venkatesan, A Text Book of Quantum Mechanics, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2002.

3. E. Mrezbacher, Quantum Mechanics, 3rd Edn, Wiley International Edition, New York, 1999.

4. V.K. Thankappan, Quantum Mechanics, 2nd Edn, Wiley Eastern, New Delhi, 1993.

5. S.N. Biswas, Quantum Mechanics. 2nd Edn,Books and Allied publishers Ltd., 2000.








SPH 5203 SPECTROSCOPY 3 1 0 4 100

COURSE OBJECTIVE To understand the basic principles of molecular spectroscopy in terms of the quantization of molecular energy and transitions between molecular energy levels when matter interacts with radiation.

UNIT 1 MICROWAVE SPECTROSCOPY 12 Hrs. Rotation of molecules-Rotational spectra-Rigid and non-rigid diatomic rotator-Intensity of spectral lines-Isotopic

substitution-Poly atomic molecules (Linear and symmetric top)-Hyperfine structure and quadrupole effects-Inversion spectrum of ammonia-Chemical analysis by microwave spectroscopy-Techniques and instrumentation.

UNIT 2 VIBRATIONALSPECTROSCOPY 12 Hrs. Infrared spectroscopy-Vibration of molecules-Diatomic vibrating rotator-vibrational rotational

spectrum-Interactions of rotations and vibrations. Raman Spectroscopy: Classical and quantum mechanical picture of Raman effect-Polarizability-Pure rotational Raman spectrum-Vibrational Raman Spectrum- structural determination from IR and Raman spectroscopy techniques.

UNIT 3 ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY 12 Hrs. Electronic spectra-Frank-Condon principle-Dissociation energy and dissociation products-Fortrat diagram-

predissociation-shapes of some molecular orbits-Chemical analysis by electronic spectroscopy-Techniques and instrumentation-Mass spectroscopy-ESR spectroscopy-Introduction-techniques and instrumentation-Double resonance.

UNIT 4 NUCLEARSPECTROSCOPY 12 Hrs. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-Introduction-Interaction of spin and magnetic field-population of

energy levels-Larmor precession-Relaxation times-Chemical shift and its measurement-Coupling constant-coupling between several nuclei-quadrupole effects-13C NMR spectroscopy, Mossbauer spectroscopy: Principle-instrumentation-Effect of electric and magnetic fields.

UNIT 5 GROUP THEORY 12 Hrs. Definition of a Group, sub-group, class, co-set – Lagrange’s theorem – Invariant subgroup –Homomorphism

and Isomorphism between groups – Representation of a group – Unitary representations – Schur’s Lemmas – Orthogonality theorem – Character table – Simple application to symmetry groups and molecular vibrations (C2v, C3v, C4v point groups).

Max. 60 Hours

T EXT / REF ERENCEBOOKS 1. Colin Banwell and Mc Cash, Fundamentals of molecular spectroscopy, 5th Edition, TMH publishers, 2013.

2. J.Michael Hollas, Modern spectroscopy, 4th Edition, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. 2010.

3. S.L.Gupta, V.Kumar and R.C.Sharma, Elements of spectroscopy, 22nd Edition, Pragathi Prakasam publishers, Meerut, India, 2010.

4. Gary M. Lampman, Donald L. Pavia, George S.Kriz and James R. Vyan, 4th Edition, Cengage learning India Pvt. Ltd.

5. B.K.Sharma, Instrumental methods of chemical analysis, 24th edition, Goel publishing house, Meerut, 2005. 6. J.Mohan, Organic spectroscopy principle and application, 2nd edition, New Age International (P) ltd, New Delhi, 2001.

7. D.N.Sathyanarayana, Vibrational spectroscopy: Theory and applications, New Age International (P) ltd, New Delhi, 1996. 8. Satya Prakash, Mathematical Physics, 6th revised edn, Sultan Chand & sons, Reprint, 2014.

9. B.D. Gupta, Mathematical Physics, 3rd Revised Edition, Vikas Publishing House, 2004.







SPH 5204 COMMUNICATION ELECTRONICS 3 1 0 4 100

COURSE OBJECTIVE To study the various types of communication techniques and their analysis based on Fourier transform and to provide fundamental knowledge of pulse modulation techniques and their types.

UNIT 1 SIGNALANALYSIS 12 Hrs.

Fourier transform of gate functions, delta functions at the origin – Two delta function and periodic delta function – properties of Fourier transform – Frequency shifting – Time shifting – Convolution theorem – Frequency convolution theorem – Sampling theorem.

UNIT 2 PULSE MODULATION AND COMMUNICATION 12 Hrs. Pulse amplitude modulation – Natural sampling -Instantaneous sampling Transmission of PAM signals – Pulse

width modulation – Time division multiplexing and frequency division multiplexing – Band width requirements for PAM signals – Pulse code modulation – Principles of PCU – Quantizing noise – Generation and demodulation of PCM – Effects of noise – Advantages and application of PCM – Differential PCM (DPCM) – Delta modulation.

UNIT 3 BROAD BAND COMMUNICATION 12 Hrs. Coaxial cable circuit -Parallel wire line circuit – Computer communication – Digital data communication –

Modems – Microwave communication links – LOS links – Tropospheric scatter microwave links – Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN) – Architecture – Broadband ISDN – Local Area Network (LAN) – LAN topologies – Private Branch Exchange (PBX).

UNIT 4 SATELLITECOMMUNICATION 12 Hrs.

Introduction – Communication satellite systems – Transmitting and receiving earth station – Satellite orbits – Satellite frequency bands – Satellite multiple access formats – FDMA – CDMA – Satellite channel, Power flow – Polarization antenna gain – Parabolic dish antenna – Power loss – Rainfall effect – Receiver noise –satellite system power budget: EIRP, received power Carrier to noise ratio, G/T ratio. – Satellite link analysis – Up link – Down link – Cross link – Direct Home TV broadcasting – Satellite transponders.

UNIT 5 RADARSYSTEMS AND OPT ICALFIBER 12 Hrs. Introduction, Basic Radar systems, Radar systems – Radar range – Pulsed radar system – A Scope – Plan

Position Indicator (PPI) – Search Radar – Tracking Radar – Moving Target Indicator (MTI) – Doppler Effect – MTI principle – Digital MTI – Radar Beacons .Optical Fiber: Introduction to light, optical fiber and fiber cables, optical fiber characteristics and classification, losses, Fiber optic components and systems, Installation, testing and repair.

Max. 60 Hours


1. Anokh singh, Chhabra, A.K. Principle of communication engineering, S,Chand, New Delhi, 2006.

2. Robert M.Ganliardi, Satellite Communication, CBS Publcation New Delhi.

3. Arumugam .M., Semiconductor Physics and Opto electronics, Anuradha Agencies, Kumbakonam, 2006.

4. Subir Kumar Sarkar, Optical Fibers and Fiber optical communication systems,S.Chand, New Delhi, 2007.

5. Lathi, B.P., Communication systems, B.S.Publication, 2001.

6. Dennis Roddy and John Coolen, Electronic communications, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, 1998.








SPH 6534 ELECTRONICSLAB– II 0 0 4 2 100

COURSE OBJECTIVE To understand the concepts of combinational and sequential circuits and to design combinational logic circuits using digital IC’s.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Design and implementation of code converters using logic gates (i)BCD to excess-3 code and vice versa

(ii) Binary to gray and vice-versa

(iii) 3 bit Gray to binary and Binary to gray code converter using mode control.

(iv) Study of combinational circuits (De Morgan’s theorems, SOP, POS)

2. Seven segment display using encoders and decoders. 3. Construction and verify the full & half adder and subtracters using logic dates

4. Design and implementation of Multiplexer and De-multiplexer using logic gates.

5. Sequential circuits : Flip flops-RS, D, JK, T,MS-JK Flip Flops

6. Construction and verification of 4 bit ripple counter and Mod-10 / Mod-12 Ripple counters

7. Design and implementation of 3-bit synchronous counter 8. Design and implementation of 3-bit Asynchronous counter (4 bit binary up, down, decade counters)

9. Construction and verification of Ring counter

10. Implementation of SISO, SIPO, PISO and PIPO shift registers using Flip- flops




SPH 5205 NUCLEARANDPART ICLE PHYSICS 3 1 0 4 100

COURSE OBJECTIVE To present an introducing account of nuclear physics and elementary particle physics including observational aspects of nuclei, including their binding energy, size, spin and parity .

UNIT 1 NUCLEARSTRUCTURE 12 Hrs. Nuclear radius, charge distribution, spin and magnetic moment – Determination of nuclear mass – Binding

energy – Semiempirical mass formula – Nuclear stability – Mass parabolas – Nuclear shell model – Liquid drop model – Optical model – Collective model Nuclear Forces Exchange forces – Yukawa’s meson theory –Yukawa potential – Ground state of deuteron

UNIT 2 RADIOACTIVE DECAYS 12 Hrs. Alpha decay – Gamow’s theory – Geiger Nuttal law - Neutrino hypothesis –Fermi’s theory of beta

decay-Selection Rules – Non conservation of parity in beta decay – Gamma decay – Selection rules – International conversion – Nuclear isomerism. Detection of Nuclear Radiation Interaction of charged particles and X-rays with matter – Basic principles of particle detectors - Proportional counters and Geiger – Muller counters - Solid state and semiconductor detectors – Scintillation counters.

UNIT 3 NUCLEAR FISSION 12 Hrs. Fission process – neutron released in the fission process - Characteristics of fission – Mass and energy

distribution of nuclear fragments – Nuclear chain reactions – Four factor formula – Bohr-Wheeler’s theory of nuclear fission – Fission reactors – Power & breeder type reactors Nuclear Fusion Basic fusion processes – Solar fusion – Cold fusion- Controlled thermonuclear reactions – Pinch effects - Laser fusion techniques.

UNIT 4 NUCLEAR REACTIONS 12 Hrs. Energetic of reactions – Q-equation - Level widths in nuclear reaction –Nuclear reaction cross sections – Partial

wave analysis – Compound nucleus model – Resonance scattering – Breit –Wigner one level formula – Direct reactions – Stripping and pick-up reactions. Scattering Process, scattering cross-section – Scattering amplitude – Expression in terms of Green’s function – Born approximation and its validity – Screened Coulomb potential

UNIT 5 ELEMENTARY PARTICLES 12 Hrs. Four types of interactions and classifications of elementary particles – Isospin - Isospin quantum numbers –

Strangeness & hyper charge – Hadrons – Baryons – Leptons – Invariance principles and symmetries – Invariance under charge-parity(CP), Time(T) and CPT - CP violation in neutral K-meson decay - Quark model – Gell-Mann-Nishijma formula – Gauge theory of weak and strong interactions – Charm, bottom and top quarks.

Max. 60 Hours

T EXT / REF ERENCEBOOKS 1. R.R.Roy and B.P.Nigam, Nuclear Physics, 3 rd Ed, Wiley Eastern ltd., New Delhi, 1986.

2. B.L.Cohen, Concepts of Nuclear Physics, 3 rd Ed, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 1983. 3. H.A. Enge, Introduction to Nuclear Physics, 3 rd Ed, Addision Wesley, New York 1971.

4. H.Semat, Introduction to Atomic and Nuclear Physics, 5th Ed., Chapman and Hall, New Delhi 1983.

5. D. Griffiths, Introduction to Elementary particles, 2nd Ed, Wiley International Edition, New York 1987. 6. W.S.C Williams, Nuclear and Particle Physics, 3 rd Ed, Clarendon Press, London, 1981.

7. K.S. Krane, Introductory Nuclear Physics, Vol.1., 4th Ed., John Wiley , NY 1987 8. K.S.Krane, Modern Physics, 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, NY 1988.

9. Arthur Beiser, Concepts of Modern Physics, 5th ed., McGraw Hill, Inc, NY 1995. 10. A.Serway, clement J.Moses, Cent.A.Moyer, Moden physics, 3 rd Ed, Thomson Learning Inc., 2007.







SPH 5601 MATERIALS SCIENCE 3 1 0 4 100

COURSE OBJECTIVE To acquire enveloping knowledge of physics, chemistry, metallurgy and mathematics to know wider field of materials science which is an interdisciplinary subject. Also to motivate the students to pursue research in the field of materials science.

UNIT 1 CHARACTERISATION OF MAT ERIALS 12 Hrs. Introduction, Structural characterization - X-ray diffraction, Laue’s method, Bragg’s law, Determination of

crystal structure by Bragg’s Spectrometer and powder X-ray diffractometer (Debye Scherrer camera) with principle, construction and working. Microstructural characterization – electromagnetic lens system, Determination of surface morphology by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) with principle, construction, working. Microhardness testing –Determination of microhardness by Vickers hardness test and knoop hardness test with principle construction, working, formula,. Nanohardness test – Determination of nanohardness by AFM.

UNIT 2 METALSALLOYS 12 Hrs. Introduction, Classification of metal alloys-Ferrous and Non Ferrous Alloys, Ferrous Alloys- classification,

composition, properties and applications; Synthesization of alloy steels – construction and working of Electric Furnace process (Heroult furnace); Phase diagram– definition and its significance; micro structure-definition, types of micro structures–ferrite, cementite, pearlite, austenite, martensite with diagrams; Iron-Carbon Alloy Phase diagram – graphical description and explanation with all the necessary parameters. Non-Ferrous Alloys - Aluminum, Copper, Titanium, Magnesium alloys - composition, properties, and applications. Shape Memory Alloys –Shape memory effect- mechanism and transformation temperature types of SMA - one way and two way shape memory effect; characteristics of SMA- hysteresis, pseudo-elasticity, super elasticity; characterization of shape memory alloys – explanation with reference to Differential Scanning Calorimetry, resistivity, transformation temperature, tensile test; Advantages and disadvantages of SMA, General applications.

UNIT 3 CERAMICS, COMPOSITESANDPOLYMERS 12 Hrs. Ceramics: Structural features – Types of ceramics, Production techniques - Mechanical properties - Industrial

ceramics like tungsten carbide, silica-alumina, zirconia, silicon carbide and sialons. Composites: Definition of composites - Continuous and Discontinuous fiber composites-Polymer and matrix-based composites - Examples of commercial composites.Structural features of polymer materials - Mechanism s of polymerisation and types of polymers - Thermoplastics - rubbers and elastomers - mechanical, physical and chemical properties - Cellular plastics - Liquid crystal polymers .

UNIT 4 ELECTRONICMAT ERIALS 12 Hrs. Introduction Purification of electronic materials - Crystal growth and doping techniques (an overview) - Epitaxial

growth - Impurity diffusion - Ion implantation - Junction formation - Metallisation - Lithography (an overview) - Contact formation.

UNIT 5 NANOMAT ERIALS 12 Hrs. Introduction, Top down and bottom up approach, synthesis and properties, Nanomagnetic-OMR, GMR, TMR,

Nano semiconductors- quantum cascade laser, quantum dot-optical memory, Blockade device, quantum well. Max. 60 Hours

T EXT / REF ERENCEBOOKS 1. J.C.Anderson, K.D.Leaver, R. D. Rawlings and J.M.Alexander, Materials Science, 4t h Edition, Chapman-Hall, London, 1990. 2. V. Raghavan, Materials Science and Engineering, 3rd Ed. Prentice-Hall India, New Delhi, 1993. 3. C. M. Srivastava and C. Srinivasan, Science of Engineering Materials, Wiley-Eastern Ltd., New Delhi, 1987. 4. G. K. Narula, K. S. Narula and V. K. Gupta, Materials Science, Tata McGraw-Hill, 1988. 5. Z. D. Jaberezki, The Nature and Properties of Engineering Materials, Wiley Eastern. 6. E. P. Wohlfarth, Ferromagnetic materials, Vols. 1, 2 & 3 North Holland, 1980. 7. R. K. Gupta Editor, Physics of Particles, Nuclei and Materials - Recent Trends New Horizons of Physics Series, Narosa, New

Delhi, 2002. 8. W.David, Kingery, H.K.Bowen, Donald. R. Uhlmam, Introduction to ceramics, 2nd Edn, Wiley, 1976. 9. M.A.Wahab, Solid State Physics, Structure and properties of materials, second edition, Narosa publishing house, 2005







SPH 5602 RENEWABLEENERGYSOURCES 3 1 0 4 100

COURSE OBJECTIVE To obtain an overview of various renewable energy sources that exist and give insight to the actual status of various renewable energy sources.

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION 12 Hrs. World Energy Futures - Energy sources and their availability – India’s production and resources – Renewable

Energy Sources – Prospects of Renewable Energy Sources. Energy audit: Types of energy audits – walk-through Energy audit – Intermediate Energy audit – Comprehensive Energy audit.

UNIT 2 SOLARENERGY FUNDAMENTALS 12 Hrs. Solar constant –Solar radiation at the earth’s surface – Solar radiation Geometry – Solar Radiation

measurements – Estimation of average solar radiation – Solar radiation on tilted surface. Physical principles of the conversion of solar radiation into heat – Flat plate collectors – Transmissivity of the cover system – Energy balance equation and collector efficiency – Concentrating collector – Focusing type – Advantages and disadvantages of concentrating collectors over flat-plate collectors.

UNIT 3 SOLARENERGY APPLICATIONS 12 Hrs. Solar photovoltaic – Solar distillation – Solar pumping – Solar furnace – Solar cooking – Solar energy storage

systems – Solar pond (quantitative study only). Wind Energy: Basic principles of wind energy conversion – Basic components of wind energy conversion system – Classification of wind energy conversion systems – Wind energy collectors – Performance of wind machines.

UNIT 4 BIOMASS 12 Hrs. Biomass conversion techniques – Biogas generation – Factors affecting bio digestion – Classification of biogas

plants – Types of biogas plants – Materials used for biogas generation. Geothermal Energy: Nature of Geothermal fields – Geothermal sources – Vapour dominated systems – Liquid dominated systems – Magma resources – Geothermal exploration – Geothermal energy in India.

UNIT 5 OCEANTHERMALENERGYCONVERSION 12 Hrs. Open cycle OTEC system – Closed cycle OTEC system – Heat exchangers – Bio-fouling – Site selection –

Hybrid cycle – energy from tides. Hydrogenenergy: Hydrogen production – Electrolysis – Thermo chemical methods – Fossil fuel methods – Solar energy methods – Hydrogen storage – Hydrogen transportation – Utilization of hydrogen gas – Hydrogen as an alternative fuel for motor vehicles – safety management.

Max. 60 Hours


G.D.Rai, Non-conventional Sources of energy, Fourth edition, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 2000. S Rao and Dr.B.B.Parulekar, Energy Technology: Nonconventional, Renewable and Conventional, Third edition, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 1999.

S P Sukhatme, Solar Energy: Principles of thermal collection and storage, 2n d Edn, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd.1996.

M V R Koteswara Rao, Energy Resources: Conventional and non-conventional BS Publications, 2nd Edn, 2006. B.H. Khan, Non conventional energy Resources, 2nd Edn, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd. 2009.

John Twindell and Tony Weir, Renewable energy Resources, 2nd Edn, Taylor and Francis, 2006.




1. 2. 3.




SPH 5603 BIOPHYSICS 3 1 0 4 100

COURSE OBJECTIVE To emphasize the importance of different biomaterials in application to problems in biology and medicine. Also to motivate the students to pursue research in the field of biophysics.

UNIT 1 MODERN BIOLOGY 12 Hrs.

The reductionist program in biology - the use of physics and chemistry in biology - introduction to modern molecular biology - elementary description of the cell - DNA, proteins and the molecules of Life - the central dogma of information transfer within a cell - introduction to Darwinian evolution and prebiotic evolution.

UNIT 2 SEPARATIONTECHNIQUES AND PHYSICO- CHEMICALTECHNIQUES 12 Hrs.

Chromatography - column chromatography - thin layer chromatography - Ion exchange, molecular exclusion and partition chromatography - electrophoresis - gel electrophoresis - SDS - PAGE - hydration of molecules - role of friction - diffusion - sedimentation - ultracentrifuge - viscosity - rotational diffusion - light scattering.

UNIT 3 EXPERIMENTALTECHNIQUES 12 Hrs.

General Introduction To Spectroscopic Techniques In Biology - UV - Visible Spectroscopy - Applications And Results In Biology - IR And Raman Spectroscopy - Applications And Results - Circular Dichroism And Optical Rotatory Dispersion - Fluorescence Spectroscopy - NMR - Use Of NMR In Biological Structure Determination And Medical Imaging - X-Ray Crystallography, Its Use To Determine The Structures Of Biological Molecules.

UNIT 4 STRUCTURES OF BIOLOGICALMOLECULES 12 Hrs.

Level of protein structure - amino acids and the primary structure of proteins - the peptide bond and the secondary structure of proteins - the Ramachandran Plot - tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins - the double helical structure of DNA - how it explains DNA function - the structure of viruses.

UNIT 5 BIOMECHANICS, NEURO- BIOPHYSICS 12 Hrs.

Contractile proteins - mechanical properties of muscles - contraction mechanism - the cardiovascular system - blood pressure - electrocardiography - the nervous system, CNS and PNS - nerve cells - membrane potentials - sensory mechanisms - eye and ear - signal transduction.

Max. 60 Hours

T EXT / REF ERENCEBOOKS 1. Vasantha Pattabhi and N. Gautham , Biophysics, Narosa Publishing Company, New Delhi, 2001.

2. P. Narayanan,. Introductory Biopshyiscs, New Age Publishing Co., Mumbai. India, 1999.

3. E. Ackerman, L.B.M. Ellis and L.E. Williams, Biophysical Science, Prentice Hall Inc., New Jersey, USA,1979.

4. C.N. Banwell, Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy, Tata: McGraw Hill Publishing Co., Ltd., New Delhi, India, 1983.

5. C.R. Cantor and P. Schimmel, Biophysical Chemistry, Vol.I, II and III, W.H. Freemand and Company, New York, U.S.A. 1985.

6. D. Freifelder, Physical Biochemistry, W.H. Freeman and Company, New York, USA, 1982

7. F.W. Sears, M.W. Zemansky and H.D. Young, College Physics, Addison Welsey Publishing Co, Massachusetts, USA, 1985.

8. G.M. Barrow, Molecular Spectroscopy, Mcgraw - Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, USA, 1962.

9. D. Sherwood, Crystals, X-Rays and Proteins, Longman Group Ltd., London U.K., 1976.

10. A.R. Leach, Molecular Modeling, Addison - Wesley Longman Ltd., Essex, England, U.K. 1966.

11. J.M. Haile, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, John Wiley and Sons, New York, USA, 1992. 12. C. Branden and J. Tooze, Introduction to Protein Structure, Garland Publishing Company, New York USA, 1991.







SPH 5604 INST RUMENTAT IONPHYSICS 3 1 0 4 100

COURSE OBJECTIVE It gives a clear and complete idea of units, errors and standards of measurements. Then it explain the instruments and instrumentation techniques for electronic, electrical ,non electrical and Bio-medical stream in detail.

UNIT 1 ERRORS, UNITSAND STANDARDSOF MEASUREMENTS 12 Hrs. Measurement and Errors: Accuracy and Precession, Significant Figures – Types of Errors – Statistical Analysis

– Probability of Errors. System of Units of Measurement: Fundamental and Derived Units – System of Units – Electric and Magnetic Units – International System of Units – Other System of Units – Conversion Units. Standards of Measurements: Classification of Standards – Standards for Mass, Length, Volume – Time and Frequency Standards – Electrical Standards.

UNIT 2 ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTS 12 Hrs. Amplified DC Meter - AC Voltmeter Using Rectifiers - True RMS Responding Voltmeter - Electronic Multimeter -

Considerations in Choosing an Analog Voltmeter -Differential Voltmeter - Digital Voltmeter - Component Measuring Instruments – Q-Meter - Vector Impedance Meter - Vector Voltmeter - RF Power and Voltage Measurements. Oscilloscopes: Oscilloscope Block Diagram - Cathode Ray Tube - CRT Circuits - Vertical Deflection System - Delay Line - Multiple Trace - Horizontal Deflection System - Oscilloscope Probes and Transducers - Oscilloscope Techniques - Special Oscilloscope.

UNIT 3 ELECT RICALINST RUMENTATION 12 Hrs. Measurement of Power and Watt Meters - Measurement of Energy - Energy Meter Testing - Measurement of

Phase and Frequency - Power Factor Meter - Frequency Meter - Synchroscopes - High Voltage Measurements and Testing.

UNIT 4 MEASUREMENT OF NON-ELECT RICALQUANTITIES 12 Hrs. Measurement of Linear Displacement - Measurement of Rotary Displacement - Strain Gauges and

Measurement of Strain - Measurement of Pressure - Measurement of Low Pressure - Measurement of Torque - Measurement of Linear Velocity - Measurement of Angular Velocity - Measurement of Vibrations - Measurement of Temperature - Measurement of Flow - Measurement of Thickness - Measurement of Humidity - Measurement of Sound Hygrometers - Measurement of pH Values - Measurement of Radiation (Nuclear)

UNIT 5 BIOMEDICALINST RUMENTAT ION 12 Hrs. Electrocardiography – Electroencephalography – Electromyography – Electroretinography - Electrooculography

- Pacemakers - Defibrillators - Heart-Lung Machine - Ventilators - Blood Flow meters - Audiometers - X-Ray Tube - Radiography and Fluoroscopy - Angiography – Radiation Safety Instrumentation - Micro shock and Macro shock - Devices to Protect Against Electrical Hazards - Endoscopes - Cryogenic Surgery - Thermography – Magnetic Resonance Imaging – Biomaterials.

Max. 60 Hours

T EXT / REF ERENCEBOOKS 1. William David Cooper and Albert D.Helfrick, Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Tech., 3 Edn, Prentice Hall, 1987. 2. A.K.Sawhney, A course in electrical and electric Measurements and instrumentation, Dhanpat Rai & Sons, New Delhi, 1999. 3. M. Arumugam, Bio-Medical Instrumentation, Anuradha Publications, Vidayalkaruppur, 2002. 4. Sanjit K. Mitra, Digital signal processing: A computer Based Approach, 3rd Edn, Tata McGraw Hill, 2009. 5. Tompkins, Design of Microcomputers based Medical Instrumentation, 1s t Edn, Prentice Hall, 1981.

6. Leslie Cromwell, Bio-Medical Instrumentation and Measurements, Prentice Hall, 1980.







SPH 5605 NANOMAT ERIALSANDAPPLICATION 3 1 0 4 100

COURSE OBJECTIVE To provide the fundamental knowledge of nano materials, their synthesis and fabrication, properties and applications. Also to motivate the students to pursue research in the field of nanomaterials.

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTIONABOUT NANOMAT ERIALS 12 Hrs.

Classification of Nano structured materials – Present and potential with significant technological impact – Industrial in nano materials – Fullerenes and nano tubes – Metals and inorganic – Fundamental issues in nano materials.

UNIT 2 NANOMAT ERIALSSYNTHESISANDPROCESSING 12 Hrs.

Mechanical grinding – Wet chemical synthesis if nano materials – Sol-gel process – Liquid solid reactions – Gas phase synthesis of nano materials – Gas condensation processing (GPC) – Chemical vapour condensation (CVC) – cold plasma methods–Plasma CVD – Sputtered plasma processing – Microwave plasma processing – Laser ablation – vapour liquid – solid growth – Particle precipitation aided CVD – gas phase synthesis method.

UNIT 3 SYNTHESIS METHODSOF NANOCOMPOSITES 12 Hrs. Bio-metic process – film – printing mechanism nano particles – dispersion of nano particles – stabilization of nano particles – application of nano materials.

UNIT 4 MECHANICALPROPERTIES 12 Hrs. Ceramics – Strengthening and toughening mechanism – reduction in processing flow size – R-curve effects – crack deflection – Thermal expansion mismatch – Average internal stresses – local stress distribution.

UNIT 5 OPTICALPROPERTIES 12 Hrs.

Classical optics – absorption of light in materials – Electronic absorption – lattice absorption – phonons radiative and non-radiative recombination – dynamic Maxwell – garnet equation – application of laser crystals – electrical rectification – powder laser.

Max. 60 Hours


1. C.M. Srivastava & C. Srinivasan, Science of Engineering materials, 1st reprinting, Willey eastern limited, 1991.

2. S. K. Hijra choudhury and A.K. Hajr choudhury, Material science and process, J.K. Publishers, 1986.

3. Bhushan, B., Luo, D., Schricker, S.R., Sigmund, W, Zauscher, S. Handbook of Nanomaterials Properties, 1st Edn, Springer.

4. Giri, P. K., Goswami, D. K., Perumal, A., Advanced Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Springer, 2013.

5. Lumban Gaol, Ford, Webb, Jeffrey, X, Recent Trends in Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Springer, 2014.








SPH 5606 CRYSTALLOGRAPHYANDCRYSTALGROWTH 3 1 0 4 100

COURSE OBJECTIVE To provide the fundamental knowledge in the growth theory, various synthesis techniques and structural characterization of crystals. Also to motivate the students to pursue research in the field of crystal growth.

UNIT 1 CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 12 Hrs.

Lattice – Unit cell Bravais lattices – Crystal planes and directions – Basic symmetry elements operations – Transnational symmetries – Point groups – Space groups – Nomenclature of planes – Crystal projections – Symmetry projections of thirty two point groups.

UNIT 2 DIFFRACTION METHODS 12 Hrs.

X-ray- generation – Properties – Absorption – Diffraction by X-rays, Neutron and electron – Atomic scattering factor – scattering by solids, liquids and gases - XRD - Introduction – Single crystal XRD and Powder XRD methods – interpretations of diffraction patterns – Cell parameter determinations – Indexing – identification of compounds.

UNIT 3 CRYSTALGROWTHTHEORY 12 Hrs.

Introduction – Nucleation – Gibbs-Thomson equation for melt and solution – Kinetic theory of nucleation – Limitations of classical nucleation – Rate of nucleation – Different shapes of nucleus- spherical, cap shaped and cylindrical.

UNIT 4 CRYSTALGROWTHTECHNIQUES 12 Hrs.

Gel growth – Solution growth methods – low and high temperature techniques – Bridgman technique – Stockbarger technique – Czochralski method – growth rate – Verneuil technique – Zone melting – Matter transport – Epitaxial growth.

UNIT 5 GROWTHFROMSOLUTIONS 12 Hrs.

Preparation of a solution – Saturation and Supersaturation – Measurement of supersaturation – Expression for supersaturation – Low temperature solution growth – Slow cooling method – Manson Jar method – Evaporation method – Temperature gradient method. Growth from Gels – Experimental methods – Chemical reaction method – Reduction method –Solubility reduction method – Growth by hydrothermal method

Max. 60 Hours


1. K. Sangwal, Elementary Crystal, Saaan Publisher, UK, 1994.

2. J.C. Brice, Crystal growth processes, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1986.

3. V.N. Joshi, Photoconductivity, Marcel Dekker, Newyork, 1990.

4. Sangwal, K. and Rodriguez-Clemente, R. Surface Morphology of Crystalline Materials, Trans Tech Pub. Switzerland, 1991.

5. Komatsu, H. Studies and Concepts in Crystal Growth, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1993.

6. Hurle, D.T.J. Handbook of Crystals Growth, Vol. 3, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1994.

7. Van der Eerden, J.P. and Bruinsma, O.S.L. Science and Technology of Crystal Growth, Kluwer Academic Pub, 1995.

8. M.A.Wahab, Essentials of crystallography, Alpha Science International Ltd, 2009.

9. P.Santhanaraghavan and P.Ramasamy, Crystal growth process and method, KRU Publications, 2001.

10. H.K.Henisch, Crystals in gels and Liesegang rings, Cambridge University Press, 2005.







SPH 5607 HIGH PRESSUREPHYSICS 3 1 0 4 100

COURSE OBJECTIVE To develop a quantitative understanding of fundamental concepts of pressure, high pressure, dynamic pressure and to develop scientific innovations and skills in high pressure devices. Also to motivate the students to pursue research in the field of high pressure physics.

UNIT 1 GENERALTECHNIQUES 12 Hrs.

Definition of pressure - Hydrostaticity –generation of static pressure, pressure units - piston cylinder - Bridgmann Anvil – Multi anvil devices-diamond anvil cell, measurement of high pressure Primary gauge - Secondary gauge Thermocouple pressure gauge - Resistance gauge - fixed point pressure scale-Ruby fluorescence - Equation of state.

UNIT 2 HIGH PRESSUREDEVICES FOR VARIOUS APPLICATIONS 12 Hrs. X – Ray diffraction – Optical studies – Electrical studies – High and low temperature applications – Ultra high pressure anvil devices.

UNIT 3 HIGHPRESSURE 12 Hrs.

Physical and chemical properties: PVT Relation in fluids – Properties of gases under pressure – Melting phenomena – viscosity – thermo emf – thermal conductivity. Electrical conductivity – Phase transition phonons, superconductivity – Electrical structures of metals and semiconductors – NMR and magnetic properties. Liquid crystals – spectroscopic studies – infra red, Raman, optical absorption – EXAFS.

UNIT 4 MECHANICALPROPERTIES AND INDUSTRIALAPPLICATIONS Elastic constants – Measurements – Mechanical properties – Tension and compression – Fatigue – creep –

Hydrostatic extrution, Metal synthesis – super hard materials – Diamond – Oxides and other compounds – water jet.

UNIT 5 DYNAMICPRESSURES 12 Hrs. Shock wave – generation – measurements – Effect of shock wave on metals – Applications of shock wave. Max. 60 Hours


1. W. Bridgemann, The physics of High pressure, G. Bell and sons Ltd., London, 1931.

2. B. Vodar and Ph. Marteam, High-pressure Science and Technology, Vol. I and II Pergamon press, Oxford, 1980.

3. H.LI.D. Pugh, Mechanical Behaviour of Materials under pressure, Elsevier publishing Co., Ltd., Newyork, 1970.

4. M.I Ermets, High Pressure Experimental methods, Oxford University Press, New York, 1976.

5. John Loveday, High-Pressure Physics, Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2012.








SPH 5608 ULTRASONICS 3 1 0 4 100

COURSE OBJECTIVE To understand the production and propagation of ultrasonics waves by different methods. To help the students to understand the fundamental and advanced applications of ultrasonics. Also to motivate the students to pursue research in the field of Ultrasonic characteristics of solids, liquids and polymer medium.

UNIT 1 ULTRASONICPROPAGATION IN LIQUIDSANDSOLIDS 12 Hrs.

Propagation of Ultrasonic waves in Solids – Plane wave propagation – Relation of the velocity of sound to the elastic properties – Adiabatic and Isothermal elastic constants – Ultrasonic propagation in liquids – Internal pressure and free volume calculations.

Other acoustic parameters-Acoustic impedance, Acoustic intensity, attenuation

UNIT 2 DETERMINATIONOF VELOCITYOF PROPAGATIONOF ULTRASONIC 12 Hrs. Pulse Echo methods – Phase comparison methods – Pulse superposition – Measurements t high pressure and high temperature – Transducer coupling materials.

UNIT 3 ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS 12 Hrs. Piezoelectric ,Magnetostrctive transducers and immersion transducers-piezo-electric materials for ultrasonic

probes – Equivalent circuits – Efficiency – Transducer mounting – Linear and sector transducers – Variable frequency systems.

UNIT 4 ABSORPTION OF ULTRASONICRADIATION 12 Hrs.

Classical absorption due to viscosity – Absorption due to thermal conductivity – Relaxation process – Evaluation of dispersion and absorption curves – Structural relaxation – Relation between collision frequency and relaxation time – Ultrasonic attenuation in solids.

UNIT 5 APPLICATION OF ULTRASONICS 12 Hrs.

Application of ultrasonic in NDT – Medical Applications – Biological effects of ultrasound - Ultrasonic transaxial tomogram (U.T.T) – Acoustic microscope – Acoustic hologram- A study of ultrasonic wave propagation in bones-ultrasonic imaging technology for industrial applications-underwater acoustic communications.

Max. 60 Hours


1. Gooberman G.L., Ultrasonics – Theory and Applications, The English universities press Ltd., London, 1968.

2. Schreiber Edwar, Elastic constants and their measurement, Anderson and Soga, McGraw hill Book Co., New Delhi, 1973.

3. Lerski R.A., Practical Ultrasound, IRL Press, Oxford, 1988.

4. Robert T. Beyer and Stephen V. Letcher, Practical ultrasonics, Academic Press London, 1969.

5. Woodcock J.P., Ultrasonics, Adam hilger., U.K., 1979.

6. Krautkramer, Josef and Hebert Krautkramer, Ultrasonic testing of materials, 3rd edition Springer-Verlag, New York, 1983.








SPH 5609 NONLINEARDYNAMICS 3 1 0 4 100

COURSE OBJECTIVE To understand the fundamental methods of nonlinear dynamics to chaotic system. Exploring the concept of fixed points, bifurcations, fractals, strange attractors and limit cycles and mainly focusing on nonlinear physics and chaos theory. Also to motivate the students to pursue research in the field of nonlinear dynamics.

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION 12 Hrs.

linear waves – Ordinary differential equations – Partial differential equations – Methods to solve ODEs and PDEs – Importance of nonlinearity in materiel – Applications – Nonlinear oscillators – Nonlinear ODEs – Nonlinear PDEs

UNIT 2 COHERENT STRUCTURES 12 Hrs. Solitons – Generating soliton equations (AKNS Method) – Backlund transformation – Hirota bilinearrisation method – Lax pair – Stokes approach

UNIT 3 NONLINEARITYIN PHYSICS 12 Hrs. Korteweg de Vries (k-dV) equation – Modified K-dV equation (MK-dV) – Sine Gordon equation – Nonlinear Schrodinger equation – Heisenberg spin chain – Burger’s equation – Nonlinear heat conduction equation.

UNIT 4 CHAOS IN PHYSICS 12 Hrs.

Classical chaos – phase space – fixed point analysis – Hamiltonian theory – period doubling phenomena – Fractals – quantum chaos – application – Duffing oscillator – Standard map – Integral mappings – Kepler problem – Order and chaos

UNIT 5 APPLICATIONS 12 Hrs. Nonlinear optical materials and fiber optics – Fluid dynamics – Magnetic materials – Liquid crystals – Superconducting materials – Biomoleclues – Medical physics – Plasma and Astro Physics

Max. 60 Hours


1. M.J. Ablowitz and H. Segur, Solitons and Inverse Scattering transform, Philadephia, 1981.

2. A.J. Lictchenberg and M.A. Liberman Regular and Stochastic motion, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1983

3. J.M.T Thompson and H.B. Stewart, Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos, JohnWiley and sons, 1989.

4. Hasegawa and Y. Kodama, Solitons in Optical communications, Oxford press, 1995.

5. M.Remoisenet, Waves called Solitons: Concepts and Experiments, Springer Verlag, 1992.







SPH 5610 CONDENSED MATTERPHYSICS 3 1 0 4 100

COURSE OBJECTIVE To provide depth of knowledge and to improve the understanding capability about crystal structure. It is intended to describe the bonding nature, optical and dielectric properties of solids. Also to motivate the students to pursue research in the field of condensed matter physics.

UNIT 1 CRYSTALBINDING 12 Hrs.

Force between atoms-cohesive energy-calculation of cohesive energy bonding in solids-ionic, covalent, metallic, and molecular –hydrogen bonded crystals-binding energy of ionic crystals-Madelung constant-Born Heber cycle.

UNIT 2 LATTICE DYNAMICS 12 Hrs. Reciprocal space: Brolliouin Zones-vibration modes of mono and diatomic lattices-quantization of lattice vibration-phonon momentum-scattering of neutrons by phonons-neutron diffraction.

UNIT 3 DIELECTRICS 12 Hrs. Different types of polarization-internal field and its calculation-Clausius-Mossotti equation-dielectric in a.c. field-dielectric loss-ferroelectric materials and their behaviour.

UNIT 4 OPTICALPROPERTIES 12 Hrs.

Index of refraction-damping constant –characteristic penetration depth-absorbance-reflectivity and transmissivity-point defect-color centers-luminescence-exciton-polaron-interband-intra band transitions-dispersion relation.

UNIT 5 ATOMIC MOLECULAR STRUCTURE 12 Hrs. Central field approximation-Thomas Fermi model and its application-Hartree and Hartree Fock euationshydrogen molecules-Heiyrt London model-LCAO –Hybridization.

Max. 60 Hours


1. C.Kittel, Introduction to solid state Physics 7 th Edn, Wiley Eastern, 1996.

2. A.K.Chandra, Quantum Chemistry, Prentice Hall, 1990.

3. R.E.Hummel, Electronic properties of materials, 2n d Edn, A Narosa, 1993.

4. S.Raimes, The wave mechanics of electrons in metals, 3rd Ed, Amsterdam: North Holland Pub.co, 1967.

5. Michael P. Marder, Condensed Matter Physics, Wiley, 2010.

6. C.P.Smyth, Dielectric behavior and structure, McGraw Hill, New York, 1965





programme: m.sc. (physics) faculty of science and humanities · programme: m.sc. (physics) faculty...

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