programme structure and courses offered in m.sc ... syllabus i to iv sem... · programme structure...

Department of Biochemistry, SLS, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer-305801

Programme Structure and Courses offered in M.Sc. Biochemistry

SEMESTER I

Code Title of Course

Type of

course(core/

elective /

supportive)

Level

h/week

Credits L P

MSBC 101 Biochemistry Core A 3 3

MSBC102 Genetics Core A 3 3

MSBC 103 Microbiology Core A 3 3

MSBC 104 Analytical Techniques in

Biology Core A 3 3

MSBC 105 Communication Skills Supportive B 2 2

MSBC 106 Mathematics for Biologists * Supportive B 2 2

MSBC 107 Physics for Biologists* Supportive B 2 2

MSBC 108 Biology 1** Supportive B 2 2

MSBC 109 Biology 2** Supportive B 2 2

MSBC 110 Biochemistry Laboratory Core A 6 3

MSBC 111 Microbiology & Genetics

Laboratory

Core A 6 3

*These courses will be taken by students with biology background.

** These courses will be taken by students who have not studied biology till class 12th.

Total credit: 24

SEMESTER- II

Code Title of Course Type Level h/week Credits

MSBC 201 Cell Biology Core A 3 3

MSBC 202 Molecular Biology Core A 3 3

MSBC 203 Immunology Core A 3 3

MSBC 204 Structural Biology Core A 3 3

MSBC 205 Enzymology Core A 2 2

MSBC 206 Virology Core A 2 2

MSBC 207 Biosafety and IPR Issues Supportive B 2 2

MSBC 208 Immunology and Cell

Biology Laboratory

Core A 6 3

MSBC 209 Molecular Biology and

Enzymology Laboratory

Core A 6 3

Total credits: 24


SEMESTER- III

Code Title of Course Type Level

h/w

eek

Credits

MSBC 301 Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Core A 3 3

MSBC 302 Clinical Biochemistry Core A 3 3

MSBC 303 Plant Biochemistry and Physiology Core A 3 3

MSBC 304 Advanced Techniques Core A 3 3

MSBC 305 Human Physiology and Endocrinology Core A 3 3

MSBC 306 Project Core A 2

MSBC 307 Journal Club Presentation Core B 1

MSBC 308 Laboratory I: Biotechnology & Bioinformatics

Core A 6 3

MSBC 309 Laboratory II: Clinical and Plant Biochemistry

Core A 6 3

Total credit: 24

SEMESTER- IV

Code Title of Course Type Level h/week Credits

MSBC 401 Industrial Biochemistry Core A 3 3

MSBC 402 Biophysics and Biostatistics (Elective Course I*)

Core A 3 3

MSBC 403 Elective Course II* Core A 3 3

MSBC 404 Elective Course III** Core A 3 3

MSBC 405 Seminar Core A 1

MSBC 406 Project Core A 8

MSBC 407 Project presentation Core A 3

Total credit: 24

*The elective course, MSBC-402 and MSBC-403 offered:

1. Biophysics and Biostatistics

2. Environmental Biochemistry

3. Neurochemistry

4. Cell signalling and Cancer Biology

**The elective course, MSBC-404 offered by Social Science Department of the University:

1. Principles and practices of Management, MBA 101

2. Entrepreneurship theories and practices, MBA 207

3. Marketing management, MBA 201

Final Total Credit: 96


Note: The assessment of the student will be as laid down in the relevant Ordinances on Examination

and Evaluation:

(a) For passing a semester, the assessment of a student shall be based on:

(i) Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) of 50% marks in each course, and

(ii) End Semester Examination (ESE) of 50% of marks in each course.

The CIE will consist of – (i) Sessional Tests (ST) ((ii) Internal Assessment (IA) (20%).

The IA shall comprise of Home Assignments (HA)/attention in the Class/attendance/Viva-voce/Group

Discussions/Tutorials/Case Studies etc.

(b) L: Lectures, I.L. : Integrated Learning involving Tutorials, Group Discussions,

Assignments, Field work; P : Practicals, Lab work, Project.

(c) Core (C), Elective (E), Supportive and Socially Oriented (S)

(d Syllabus of each course may be presented in the following format


SEMESTER -I MSBC 101(BIOCHEMISTRY)

UNIT -I

Chemical basis of life: Composition of living matter; Properties of Water; Properties of biomolecules in aqueous environment; Bimolecular hierarchy; Macromolecules; Molecular assemblies; Structure-function relationships.

Carbohydrates: Sugars - mono, di, and polysaccharides; Suitability in the context of their different functions- cellular structure, energy storage, signaling; Glycolytic pathway; Kreb’s cycle; Oxidative phosphorylation; Elucidation of metabolic pathways; Logic and integration of central metabolism; entry/ exit of various biomolecules from central pathways; Bioenergetics-basic principles; Equilibria and concept of free energy; Coupled processes; Principles of metabolic regulation; Regulatory steps; Signals and second messengers. Glycosylation of other biomolecules - glycoproteins and glycolipids; Glycogen - Synthesis and Degradation. Regulation of Glycogen Metabolism. Gluconeogenesis and its Regulation. Metabolism of Fructose and Galactose. Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism. Contact Hours: 15 hrs

UNIT -II

Amino acids and Proteins: structure and functional group properties; Peptides and covalent structure of proteins; Elucidation of primary and higher order structures; Evolution of protein structure; General reactions of Amino Acid Metabolism, Connection of essential and non-essential Amino Acids with Intermediary Metabolism. Decarboxylation of Amino Acids. Processes related to Ammonia Metabolism, Inter-organ relationships in Amino Acid Metabolism, Non-standard Amino Acids.

Cofactors: Vitamins and coenzymes Contact Hours: 15 hrs

UNIT -III

Lipids: structure and properties of important members of storage and membrane lipids; lipoproteins; Synthesis of various Lipids, Bile Acids and Cholesterol. Elongation of Fatty Acids, Desaturation of Fatty Acids in Microsomes. Regulation of Fatty Acid Synthesis, Cholesterol Metabolism. Composition and Synthesis of basic groups of Lipoproteins and their changes during Transport in the body.

Biomembranes: Biomembrane organization - sidedness and function; Membrane bound proteins - structure, properties and function; Transport phenomena

Nucleotides: Synthesis of Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleotides De Novo and its regulation. Synthesis of Nucleoside Di- and Triphosphates, Deoxynucleotides and TMP and Degradation of Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleotides. Salvage Pathways of Nucleotides Synthesis. Contact Hours: 15 hrs

Books recommended

• Voet D., Voet J.G, Biochemistry 4th Edition., John Wiley and Sons, 2011.

• Nelson, D. C. and Cox, M.M., Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 5th Edition, W. H. Freeman, 2010.

• Berg J.M., Tymoczko J.L. and Stryer L., Biochemistry. 7th edition, W.H. Freeman and Co. New York, 2011.


MSBC 102 (GENETICS)

UNIT -I

Genes and Chromosomes- Introduction and scope of genetics; DNA as genetic material; Structure of nucleic acids; Basic principles of Mendelian genetics- Segregation and Independent assortment, alleles and multiple alleles; human pedigrees and inheritance;

Cell division - Mitosis and meiosis, cell cycle; Chromosomal basis of inheritance; Gene interactions; Chromosome and its structure; sex determination and sex-linked inheritance; Dosage compensation. Contact hours: 15 hrs

UNIT -II

Linkage analysis and gene mapping in eukaryotes- Molecular markers; Fine structure of the gene and gene concept

Extra chromosomal inheritance - mitochondrial and chloroplast inheritance

Bacterial genetics - Conjugation, transduction and transformation; Plasmids; Transposable elements - transposons and retrotransposons; Genome organization. Contact hours: 15 hrs

UNIT -III

Mutations - Spontaneous and induced; Mechanisms of mutagenesis; Assay of mutagenic agents (Ames test); Chromosomal mutations - numerical (trisomy, polyploidy and aneuploidy) and structural changes and detection methods. Mechanism of chromosome mutations; genetic and cytological features of deletions, duplications, inversions, translocations; somatic and germ line mutations.

Population genetics - Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; Calculation of allele frequency; Molecular Evolution - evolutionary changes of nucleotide sequences and DNA polymorphism;Genes in early development; Maternal effect genes; Pattern formation genes; Homeotic genes. Contact hours: 15 hrs

Books recommended

• Anthony J.F. Griffiths, Susan R. Wessler, Sean B. Carroll, John Doebley , Introduction to Genetic Analysis, 10th edition, W. H. Freeman and Co. Ltd., 2012.

• Snustad, D.R. and Simmons, M.J., Principles of Genetics, 5th edition by, John Wiley and Sons, 2010.

• William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer and Michael A. Palladino, Concepts of Genetics, 9th Edition, Benjamin-Cummings Pub Co. 2008.


MSBC 103 (MICROBIOLOGY)

UNIT -I

Microbial Diversity & Systematics - Classical and modern methods and concepts; Domain and Kingdom; Criteria for classification; Classification of Bacteria according to Bergey’s manual; General and Salient features of Bacteria, Archaea, Fungi, Algae, Protozoa and Viruses.

Microbial growth- Batch, fed-batch, continuous kinetics, synchronous growth, yield constants, methods of growth estimation, stringent response, death of a bacterial cell. Contact hours: 15 hrs

UNIT -II

Microbial physiology- Physiological adoption and life style of Prokaryotes; Unicellular Eukaryotes and the Extremophiles (with classical example from each group).

Nutritional Diversity- Transport of Nutrition, Major and Minor bioelements, nutritional diversity, oxygenic and anoxygenic, photosynthesis, respiration, fermentations, chemolithotrophy. Contact hours: 15 hrs

UNIT -III

Microbial Interactions and Infection - Host–Pathogen interactions; Microbes infecting humans, veterinary animals and plants; Pathogenicity islands and their role in bacterial virulence.

Microbes and Environment- Role of microorganisms in natural system and artificial system; Influence of Microbes on the Earth’s Environment and Inhabitants; Ecological impacts of microbes; Symbiosis; Microbes and Nutrient cycles; Microbial communication system; Quorum sensing.

Applied Microbiology- Overview of applications of microorganisms in Agriculture, Environment, Food, Industry and Medical Sciences. Contact hours: 15 hrs

Books recommended

• Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Paul V. Dunlap and David P. Clark, Brock Biology of Microorganisms,13th Edition, Pearson Education, Limited, 2011.

• Pelczar M.J., Chan E.C.S. and Krieg N.R., Microbiology – Application based approach, 5th edition, Mc Graw Hill, 2009.

• Tortora G, Microbiology: An Introduction-Benjamin Cummings, 10th Edition, 2009.

• Willey J, Sherwood and Woolwerton C, Prescott, Harley and Klein’s, Microbiology, 8th Edition, McGraw Hill International, 2010.


MSBC 104(ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN BIOLOGY)

UNIT -I

Basic Principles and Applications- Methods employed for the separation, Characterization and molecular weight determination of macromolecules. Viscosity, Ultra filtration, Equilibrium Dialysis, Solvent Extraction, Ultracentrifugation, Precipitation, Electrophoresis. Chromatography – Paper Chromatography, TLC, Different types of Liquid chromatography. Contact hours: 15 hrs

UNIT -II

Microscopy: Types and Principles - Bright Field, Dark Field, Fluorescent, Phase Contrast, Confocal Microscopy, SEM and TEM, Microscopy Atomic Force Microscopy, Flow Cytometry.

Spectroscopic Techniques- Basic principles of UV, Visible and fluorescence spectroscopy and their applications. Contact hours: 15 hrs

UNIT -III

Mass spectrometry techniques- MALDI –TOF, LC-MS applications, Microcalorimetry: Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and its applications in biomolecular stability and interactions.

Radioactive Tracer Techniques - Radioactive Decay, Half Life, α,β and γ Emitters, Decay of Radioactivity, Types of Radioactivity Used in Biochemistry, Units of Radioactivity Measurements, Gas Ionization and Liquid Scintillation Counters, Gamma Counters, Autoradiography, Biological Hazards of Radiation and Safety Measures in Handling Radioisotopes, Biological Applications. Contact hours: 15 hrs

Books recommended

• Christian, G. D., Analytical Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pvt. Ltd., 2004.

• Ahuja, S. and Jespersen, N. (Editors), Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry: Modern Instrumental Analysis, Vol 47, Elsevier Science, New York, 2006.

• Van Holde, K. E., Principles of Physical Biochemistry, 2nd edition, Prentice Hall, 2006.

• Wilson, K. and Walker, J., Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 7th Edition, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2010.

• David Freifelder, Physical Biochemistry, 2nd edition, John Wiley and Sons 2005.

MSBC 105 (COMMUNICATION SKILLS)

UNIT -I

Process of Communication- Concept of effective communication- Setting clear goals for communication; Determining outcomes and results; Initiating communication; Avoiding breakdowns while communicating; Creating value in conversation; Barriers to effective communication; Non verbal communication- Interpreting non verbal cues; Importance of body language, Power of effective listening; recognizing cultural differences.


Presentation skills- Formal presentation skills; Preparing and presenting using Over Head Projector, Power Point; Defending Interrogation; Scientific poster preparation & presentation; Participating in group discussions. Contact hours: 15 hrs

UNIT -II

Technical Writing skills :Types of reports; Layout of a formal report; Scientific writing skills: Importance of communicating Science; Problems while writing a scientific document; Plagiarism; Scientific Publication Writing: Elements of a Scientific paper including Abstract, Introduction, Materials & Methods, Results, Discussion, References; Drafting titles and framing abstracts.

Computing Skills for Scientific Research: Web browsing for information search; search engines and their mechanism of searching; Hidden Web and its importance in Scientific research; Internet as a medium of interaction between scientists; Effective email strategy using the right tone and conciseness. Contact hours: 15 hrs

Books recommended

• Mohan Krishna and N.P. Singh, Speaking English effectively, 2nd edition, Macmillan, 2009.

• Allen R., How to Write Better English , Penguin Writers' Guides, 2005.

• Ros Jay and Antony Jay, Effective Presentation: How to Create and Deliver a Winning Presentation , Financial Times Prentice Hall; 2nd Edition, 1999.

• Robert A. Day, How to Write & Publish a Scientific Paper, 5th Edition ,Oryx Press; 5th Edition, 1998.

MSBC 106 (MATHEMATICS FOR BIOLOGISTS)

UNIT -I

Real Number System, Elements of Coordinate Geometry and Algebra; Function shifting graphs, trigonometric functions. Permutation, combinations and binomial theorem.

Relations, Functions, including Periodic Functions, Inverse Functions, Limits and Continuity; Rates of change and limits, rules for finding limits, target values and formal definition of limits, extension of the limit concept, continuity. Contact hours: 15 hrs

UNIT -II

Rates and Topics from Differential Calculus such as max/min of functions of one variable differentials and approximations. Partial derivatives, max/min of function of more than one variable and method of least squares. Antiderivatives, Indefinite and definite integrals.

Logarithms and Exponential Functions, Differential Equations and their applications in biology Contact hours: 15 hrs

Books recommended

• Alan J. Cann, Maths from scratch for biologists, Wiley-Blackwell, 2003.

• Erwin Kreyszing, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 9th Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2006.

• Peter C. Foster, Easy Mathematics for Biologists, Hardwood Academic publisher, 1998.


MSBC 107(PHYSICS FOR BIOLOGISTS)

UNIT -I

Quantum Physics: Wave versus particle, Heisenberg’s Uncertainty principle, Matter waves, Photoelectric effect, Atom and Nuclei, Elements Fermions, Quanta, Particles, Schrodinger’s wave equations.

Properties of Matter: Elasticity, Hydrostatic, Surface tension, Microscopic consideration for study of properties of matter, Atomic and Molecular structures, Broad classification of solids, Structure of crystalline and amorphous solids, Structure of single crystals. Contact hours: 15 hrs

UNIT -II

Thermal Physics: Laws of Thermodynamics and their applications in biological systems, Temperature and related topics, Internal energy, Heat and First law of Thermodynamics, Ideal monoatomic gas, Applications of first law to Ideal Gases, Entropy and the Second law.

Fundamental Electromagnetism: Charge and Current, Coulomb’s law, Electric field, Electrostatic potential, Gauss’s law for Electronics, Magnetic effects on steady currents, Forces on currents in a magnetic field, Forces on charges in Electric and Magnetic field, Electromagnetic induction. Contact hours: 15 hrs

Books recommended

• B. H. Bransden, C. J. Joachin. , Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Longman Scientific and Technical, 1989.

• Beiser, Concept of Modern Physics. McGraw-Hill Higher education ,sixth edition , 2003.

• K.W. Zeemansky Heat and Thermodynamics:. McGraw-Hill Education, 1997 .

• Frederick Reif, Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics: McGraw-Hill, 1965.

• E. M. Purcell, Electricity and Magnetism (Berkeley Physics course) 2nd Ed, Second Edition , McGraw-Hill, 1985.

• D. J. Griffiths, Introduction to Electrodynamics 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall, 1999.

• Matthew N. O. Sadiku, Elements of Electromagnetism, 3rd Edition Oxford University Press, 2001.

• Safa O. Kasap, Principles of Electronic Materials and Devices, TMH McGraw-Hill; 2nd Edition, 2001.

MSMB 10 (BIOLOGY 1)

UNIT -I Chemical basis of life, water, Carbon and molecular diversity, structure and function of macromolecules. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells; cell organelles; cell division and cell cycle; cell metabolism. Contact hours: 15 hrs UNIT -II Ecology and Biosphere, Ecosystems; Evolution and natural selection; Biodiversity and tree of life. Contact hours: 15 hrs Books recommended

• Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, and Steven A. Wasserman , Campbell Biology, 9th edition, Benjamin Cummings, 2011.


MSMB 109 (BIOLOGY 2)

UNIT –I Plant structure, growth development and reproduction; Photosynthesis; transport; Response of plants to internal and external signals Contact hours: 15 hrs UNIT –II Animal Form and Function; Circulation and gas exchange; Digestive system; Excretion; Endocrine system; Reproduction and development; Nervous system Contact hours: 15 hrs Books recommended

• Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, and Steven A. Wasserman , Campbell Biology, 9th Edition, Benjamin Cummings, 2011.

MSMB 110 (BIOCHEMISTRY LABORATORY: Lab-1)

1. To prepare an Acetic-Na Acetate Buffer system and validate the Henderson-Hasselbach equation.

2. Estimation of Sugars, Iron, Phosphate, Vitamin C, and Organic acids.

3. Separation of Amino Acids and Sugars by TLC, Colorimetric Determination of pK of Amino Acids.

4. To determine concentration of an unknown protein by plotting a standard graph of BSA using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer and validating the Beer-Lambert’s Law.

5. Titration of Amino Acids and separation of aliphatic, aromatic and polar amino acids by TLC.

6. Protein purification and separation by gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography and SDS-PAGE.

MSMB 111 (MICROBIOLOGY AND GENETICS LABORATORY: Lab-2)

1. Sterilization, disinfection, safety in microbiological laboratory

2. Preparation of media for growth of various microorganisms.

3. Identification and culturing of various microorganisms.

4. Staining and enumeration of microorganisms.

5. Growth curve, measure of bacterial population by turbidometry and studying the effect of temperature, pH, carbon and nitrogen.

6. Chromosome preparations - mitotic and meiotic, salivary gland chromosomes.

7. UV mutagenesis and Isolation of drug resistant mutants, transposon mutagenesis; Bacterial Conjugation.


SEMESTER II

MSBC 201 (CELL BIOLOGY)

UNIT -I

Biomembranes: Eukaryotic membrane structure, molecular composition, organization and synthesis, membrane transport and transporters, Fick’s law, artificial membrane and transport studies.

Cytoskeleton: Microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules – structure and dynamics. Microtubules and mitosis; cell movements. Intracellular transport and the role of kinesin and dynein. Contact hours: 15 hrs

UNIT –II

Intracellular Protein Traffic: Protein synthesis on free and bound polysomes, uptake into ER, membrane proteins, Golgi sorting, post- translational modifications.

Cell Signaling: Cell surface receptors; second messenger system; MAP kinase pathways. Signaling from plasma membrane to nucleus. Contact hours: 15 hrs

UNIT -III

Cell – Cell Adhesion and Communication: Ca++ dependent cell-cell adhesion; Ca++ independent cell-cell adhesion. Cell junctions and adhesion molecules, movement of leukocytes into tissues.

Cell Division and Cell Cycle: Mitosis, meiosis, cell cycle, role of cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases, regulation of Cdk – Cycline activity, induction of cancer with respect to cell cycle. Contact hours: 15 hrs

Books recommended

• Pollard, T. D., and Earnshaw, W. C., Cell Biology, 2nd Edition, Saunders Elsevier, 2008.

• Gerald K., Cell and Molecular Biology, Concept and Experiment, 5th Edition, Wiley, 2007.

• Lodish, H., Berk A., Kaiser C. A., Krieger M., Scott M.P., Bretscher A., Ploegh H., and Matsudaira P., Molecular Cell Biology, 6th Edition, Freeman, W. H. and Co., 2008.

• Roberts, K., Lewis J., Alberts B., Walter P., Johnson A., and Raff. M., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5th Edition, Garland Publishing Inc., 2008.

• James Darnell, Molecular Cell Biology, 6th Edition, W. H. Freeman & Co, 2007.

MSBC 202 (MOLECULAR BIOLOGY)

UNIT -I

Structure of DNA and RNA- Physical Properties of DNA- Cot Plot, Kinetic and Chemical Complexity, Satellite DNA. Inverted Repeat Sequences, Highly Repetitive and Middle Repetitive Sequences. Organization of the Chromosome, Structure of Chromatin - Nucleosomes, Chromatin Domains and Isochores, Structure and Functional Organization of Centromeres and Telomeres.

DNA Replication- Prokaryotic DNA Polymerase I, II and III, Eukaryotic DNA Polymerases, Fidelity and Catalytic Efficiency of DNA Polymerases, Okazaki Fragments, Replication Origin, Primosomes, Concurrent Replication Mechanism Involving Leading and Lagging Strands of DNA; Problems associated with linear replicons. Molecular basis of Recombination, Mutations and Repair.


Contact hours: 15 hrs

UNIT -II

Transcription- Prokaryotic RNA polymerase and sigma factors, Prokaryotic and eukaryotic promoters, Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases, Class I, II and III gene promoters, Enhancers and control regions of genes; Mechanism of transcription - Prokaryotic and eukaryotic, Transcription of protein coding genes. Chromatin structure and remodeling, Histone code and histone modifications.

RNA Processing- Processing, Capping, Polyadenylation, Splicing. Processing of Poly A- mRNA, Group I and II Introns, Alternate Splicing, RNA editing. Non-coding RNAs. Contact hours: 15 hrs

UNIT -III

Translation- Genetic Code, Ribosome Structure, tRNAs, Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, Initiation, Elongation, Termination; Translational Control.

Regulation of Gene Expression: Prokarytes - Operon Concept, Positive and Negative Regulation, Attenuation, Catabolite Repression, Riboswitches. Eukaryotes - Generalized and specialized transcription factors, Transcriptional Activators and regulators. Contact hours: 15 hrs

Books recommended

• Jocelyn E. Krebs, Elliott S. Goldstein and Stephen T. Kilpatrick, Lewins Genes X, 9th Edition, Jones and Barlett Pub., USA, 2011.

• Watson, J. D. Tania A. Baker, Stephen P. Bell, Alexander Gann, Michael Levine, Richard Losick, Molecular Biology of the Gene, Benjamin Cummings; 6th Edition, 2007.

• Robert F. Weaver. Molecular Biology, 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill.

MSBC 203 (IMMUNOLOGY) UNIT –I Introduction to Immunology -History of Development of Immunological Ideas: From Classical observations of Edward Jenner and Louis Pasteur to present day Immunology, Evolution of the Immune system: From invertebrates to vertebrates, The Cellular and humoral basis of immune response, Clonal selection and expansion of antigen specific cells, Principle of Innate and adaptive Immunity, Other cells and molecules involved in the Immune response, Lymphoid Organs and Cellular Traffic.

Innate Immunity- The front line of defense against pathogens, Recognition of Pathogen associated molecular patterns by Toll like receptors, Discovery of Toll like receptors from drosophila to human, Innate Immune system of worms, flies, plants and vertebrates. The nature of Toll like receptors, Signalling through Toll like receptors, Cells and molecules involved in mounting innate Immunity, The Complement system as a part of the Innate Immunity.

Antigens - Antigen recognition by B and T cell receptors, Nature of the antigen moleculeAntigenicity, Immunogenicity, haptens, B cell and T cell epitopes, Adjuvants and routes of Immunization, Clonal expansion of B and T cells in response to antigen, T independent and dependent antigen. Contact hours: 15 hrs

UNIT -II


Antibody molecule-The antibody molecule on B cell surface and its structure and function, Generation of diversity in Immunoglobulin, Isotypes, Allotypes and Idiotypes. Isotype switch and affinity maturation, Monoclonal antibodies, their generation and use in diagnosis and therapy, Engineering antibody molecules for better applications.

MHC molecules - MHC molecules, their structure and role in antigen presentation to T cells, Antigen processing and presentation, Non-classical MHC molecules, MHC molecules and disease susceptibility, Superantigens.

Development and Survival of B and T cells - Generation of B and T cells in the bone marrow and thymus, Rearrangement of antigen specific receptor gene segments and control of lymphocyte development, Signaling through antigen specific receptors, Other signaling pathways, Maturation of T and B cells, their migration to lymphoid organs, their spatial distribution and survival in the lymphoid organ. Contact hours: 15 hrs

UNIT -III

T cell Immunity - Antigen recognition by T cells, The antigen receptors on T cell surface, T cell receptor gene rearrangement, Antigen presentation and the role of macrophages, dendritic cells and cell surface as well as soluble mediators in activation of T cells, Activation of non classical T cells.

Soluble Mediators - Chemokines, Cytokines, Lipid mediators.

Allergy and Hypersensitivity Reactions - Allergens, sensitization and production of IgE. Effector mechanisms in allergic reactions, Types of Hypersensitivity reactions and diseases arising out of them. Contact hours: 15 hrs

Books recommended

• Murphy, Kenneth M., Travers, Paul and Walport, Mark, Janeway’s Immuno Biology, 7th Edition, Garland Science, Taylor & Francis Group, 2008.

• Kindt, T. J., Osborne, B. A. and Goldsby, R. A. Kuby Immunology, 6th Edition, W. H. Freeman, 2006.

• Paul, W. E., Fundamental Immunology, 6th Edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2008.

• Abbas, A. K., Lichtman, A. H. and Pillai, S., Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 6th Edition, Saunders, 2007.

MSBC 204 (STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY)

UNIT -I

Introduction and importance of Bimolecular Structures and Interactions: Basic chemical building blocks; Conformation and Configuration; Elementary concepts of thermodynamics relevant for biological systems.

Forces that determine Bimolecular Structures and Interactions: van der Waal’s and Electrostatic Interactions; Hydrogen bonding; Hydrophobic Interactions and Role of Water in Bimolecular structure; Disulphide bonds.

Techniques for structure determination: Circular dichroism, X ray diffraction and Nuclear magnetic resonance. Contact hours: 15 hrs


UNIT -II

Amino acids and Proteins: Structures and biochemical properties of amino acids, Conformational properties of polypeptides and proteins, Definition and examples of Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary Structures, Concept of Ф and Ψ angles and the Ramachandran Plot, Structural aspects of α- helix, β-sheet and turns in proteins, Concepts of super-secondary structures and domains in proteins, Membrane Protein structures and their properties, Folding-unfolding equilbrium and denaturation of proteins, Protein folding problem, misfolding, aggregation and amyloid structures. Structural role of molecular chaperones. Contact hours: 15 hrs

UNIT -III

Nucleic Acid Structure: Introduction and importance of Nucleic Acid Structure studies, Chemical constituents of Nucleic Acids Structures of bases and the sugar-phosphate backbone. Chargaff’s Rule and its important for Nucleic Acid Structure, Different types of base-pairing. Concept of tautomerism and its importance for Nucleic Acid Biology. Conformation of the (deoxy) ribose sugar ring, Structural aspects of double helical DNA and RNA.

Polymorphism in Nucleic Acid Conformation, Structure and properties of t-RNA, Physico-chemical properties of Nucleic Acids. DNA melting and approximate calculation of Tm. Use of DNA melting profiles for species comparison, Interaction of Nucleic acids with small molecule ligands and proteins, Unusual DNA structures. Triplexes and Quadruplexes, Supercoiling and higher order organization of Nucleic Acids. Contact hours: 15 hrs

Books recommended

• Thomas E. Creighton, Proteins: Structure and Molecular Properties, W H Freeman & Co, 2011.

• Alexei V. Finkelstein, Oleg Borisovich Ptitsyn, Protein physics: A course of lectures, Academic Press, 2002.

• Carl-Ivar Brändén, John Tooze, Introduction to Protein Structure , Garland Pub., 1999.

• Jack Kyte , Structure in Protein Chemistry , Garland Science, 2007.

• David Whitford, Proteins-Structure and function , Wiley, 2005.

• A. Kessel and Nir Ben-Tal, Introduction to Proteins-Structure, function and motion, CRC press, Taylor and Francis, 2011.

• Georg E. Schulz, R. Heiner Schirmer, Principles of protein structure, Springer, 1998.

MSBC 205 (ENZYMOLOGY)

UNIT -I

Scope of enzymology, classification and nomenclature - Kinetics: chemical kinetics; Variations of velocity with [E], [S], pH and temperature; Enzyme inhibition; Bi-substrate reaction kinetics; Uses of kinetic studies in determining enzyme mechanism; Scope for increasing enzyme efficiency; enzyme specificity.

Allostery - Allostery cooperativity in hemoglobin; various equations and models of allostery; Regulation of individual enzyme activity and a single metabolic step. Contact hours: 15 hrs


UNIT -II

Enzyme mechanism - Acid, base, electrostatic, metal ion, free radical, transition state binding and covalent; Proximity and orientation effects, contributions of strain; Cofactors function. Experimental approaches to determine mechanism, along with illustration with eg. chymotrypsin, lysozyme. Rationale for modification of enzyme function(s) for application.

Logic / strategies of pathway regulation; multienzyme complexes and polyfunctional proteins, their importance for cell physiology; enzyme function in vivo & in vivo kinetics. Enzyme applications.


Books recommended

• P. F. Cook and W. W. Cleland, Enzyme Kinetics and Mechanism. 3rd Edition, Garland Science, 2007.

• A. Carnish Bowden, Fundamental of Enzyme Kinetics, 3rd Edition, Portland Press, 2004.

• Price, N. C. & L. Stevens, Fundamentals of Enzymology, 3rd Edition., Oxford University Press, 1999.

MSBC 206 (VIROLOGY)

UNIT -I

Viruses- Structure of animal viruses and plant viruses; Classification of animal and plant viruses; Satellite viruses; Viroids; prions; Diseases causes by animal viruses and plant viruses; Economic loss due to important viruses.

Genome organization of animal viruses; Replication of RNA viruses; Replication of DNA viruses, Genome organization of DNA and RNA plant viruses; Replication of DNA and RNA plant viruses.


UNIT -II

Infections - Methods to diagnose animal virus infections: Electron microscopy, Tissue culture growth of viruses , Virus quantitation assays, Viral serology: ELISA, neutralization assays; Molecular methods: hybridization, PCR, real time PCR, sequencing, microarray, gene silencing and antiviral assays.

Methods to study plant viruses; Infectivity assays – Sap transmission, insect vector transmission, agroinfection (using Agrobacterium); Ultracentrifugation, Electron microscopy, Serological methods, Immunelectrophoresis in gels, Direct double-antibody sandwich method, Dot ELISA, Immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM), Decoration technique, Polymerase chain reaction; DNA and oligonucleotide microarray; Gene silencing, PTGS & TGS; Viral suppressors of gene silencing.

Contact hours : 15 hrs

Books recommended

• Topley and Wilson's Microbiology and Microbial Infections: Parasitology v. 5 , 9th Edition, Edward Arnold, 1998.

• Acheson NH., Fundamentals of Molecular Virology, Wiley, 2007.

• Carter J & Saunders V. Virology: Principles and Applications. 1st Edition, Wiley, 2007.


• Knipe DM, Howley PM, Griffin DE. Fields Virology, 5th Edition, Vols. I, II. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2006.

• Mahy, BWJ & Kangaroo HO., Virology Methods Manual, 1st Edition, Academic Press, 1996.

• Murphy FA, Gibbs, EPJ, Holzmek MK & Studdert MJ., Veterinary Virology, 3rd Edition, Academic Press. 1999.

• Ed. C.L. Mandahar, Molecular Biology of Plant viruses, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrect, 1999.

• Roger Hull (Ed), Mathews Plant Virology, 4th Edition, Academic Press, San Diego, 2002.

MSBC 207 (BIOSAFTY AND IPR ISSUES) UNIT -I Introduction to Intellectual Property: Types of IP: Patents, Trademarks, Copyright & Related Rights, Industrial Design, Traditional Knowledge, Geographical Indications, Protection of New GMOs; International framework for the protection of IP IP as a factor in R&D; IPs of relevance to Biotechnology and few Case Studies; Introduction to History of GATT, WTO, WIPO and TRIPS. Concept of prior art: Invention in context of “prior art”; Patent databases; Searching International Databases; Country-wise patent searches (USPTO, EPO, India etc.); Analysis and report formation. Basics of Patents: Types of patents; Indian Patent Act 1970; Recent Amendments; Filing of a patent application; Precautions before patenting-disclosure/non-disclosure; WIPO Treaties; Budapest Treaty; PCT and Implications; Role ofa Country Patent Office; Procedure for filing a PCT application. Contact hours: 15 hrs UNIT -II Patent filing and infringement: Patent application- forms and guidelines, fee structure, time frames; Types of patent applications: provisional and complete specifications; PCT and convention patent applications; International patenting-requirement, procedures and costs; financial assistance for patenting-introduction to existing schemes; Publication of patents-gazette of India, status in Europe and US. Patenting by research students, lecturers and scientists-University/organizational rules in India and abroad, credit sharing by workers, financial incentives. Patent infringement- meaning, scope, litigation, case studies and examples. Biosafety : Historical Background; Introduction to Biological Safety Cabinets; Primary Containment for Biohazards; Biosafety Levels; Biosafety Levels of Specific Microorganisms; Recommended Biosafety Levels for Infectious Agents and Infected Animals; Biosafety guidelines - Government of India; Definition of GMOs & LMOs; Roles of Institutional Biosafety Committee, RCGM, GEAC etc. for GMO applications in food and agriculture; Environmental release of GMOs; Risk Analysis; Risk Assessment; Risk management and communication; Overview of National Regulations and relevant International Agreements including Cartagena Protocol. Contact hours: 15 hrs Books recommended

• P Ganguly, Intellectual Property Rights, Tata McGraw Hill, 2007.


MSBC 208 (IMMUNOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY LABORATORY: Lab-3)

1. Selection of animals, Preparation of antigens, Immunization and methods of bleeding,

Serum separation, Storage.

2. Antibody titre by ELISA method.

3. Double diffusion, Immuno-electrophoresis and Radial Immuno diffusion.

4. Complement fixation test.

5. Isolation and purification of IgG from serum or IgY from chicken egg.

6. SDS-PAGE, Immunoblotting, Dot blot assays

7. Blood smear identification of leucocytes by Giemsa stain

8. Separation of leucocytes by dextran method

9. Demonstration of Phagocytosis of latex beads

10. Separation of mononuclear cells by Ficoll-Hypaque

11. Lymph proliferation by mitogen / antigen induced

12. Lymph node Immunohistochemistry (direct and indirect peroxidase assay)

13. Immunodiagnostics using commercial kits

14. Simple and differential staining procedures, Animal cell culture,

MSBC 209 (MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND ENZYMOLOGY laboratory: Lab-4)

1. Isolation of plasmid and genomic DNA, quantitation of DNA

2. S e p a r a t i o n o f DNA o n Agarose gel electrophoresis

3. Restriction Enzyme digestion of DNA

4. Ligation and cloning in a plasmid vector

5. Transformation of E.coli with standard plasmids, Calculation of transformation efficiency

6. I s o l a t i o n of recombinant plasmid DNA, Confirmation of the insert, Restriction mapping

7. Polymerase Chain Reaction

8. Isolation of Enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase from plant tissue

9. Enzymatic Assays (Amylase): Determination of optimum pH,

10. Effect of temperature and substrate concentration,

11. Determination of Km & Vmax,

12. Effect of inhibitors


SEMESTER-III

MSBC 301-Biotechnology and Bioinformatics UNIT-I- Restriction modification system, Basic principle of cloning, Restriction Enzymes; DNA polymerase I and Klenow enzyme, DNA ligases, Polynucleotide Kinase, Reverse transcriptase, Alkaline phosphatase; Plasmids and plasmid vectors; New generation plasmid cloning vectors; Lambda vectors- Insertion and Replacement vectors, Cosmids: cloning and expression vectors; High capacity cloning vectors- YAC; BAC and PAC etc.; Shuttle vectors; Vectors used for cloning in animal cells; Plant based vectors and Ti vectors, T/A cloning. Construction of genomic and cDNA libraries, generation of cDNAs, preparation of genomic DNA for library construction, Lambda in-vitro packaging, Identification and analysis of recombinant DNA clones, Yeast two hybrid system, Phage display, Principles in maximizing gene expression, vector engineering and codon optimization. In-vitro mutagenesis, site-directed, deletion and random mutagenesis, cassette mutagenesis, random “directed-evolution” mutagenesis, molecular approaches used in bacterial strain identification. Contact hours: 15 hrs UNIT-II- Principle and application of gene silencing; RNA interference, siRNA technology; Micro RNA; Construction of shRNA vectors; gene knock out in bacterial and eukaryotic organisms; Gene knockout and knock-in; application of ribozyme technology. Animal cell culture, cell lines, organ culture and tissue engineering, scaling-up of cell cultures and hybridoma technology, cell culture based vaccines and recombinant protein production, Generation of transgenic animals and its application, Basic concepts in gene and stem cell therapy; Gene therapy in hereditary diseases. Gene isolation, gene transfer systems, Ti plasmid, plant virus vectors, electroporation, microinjection, microprojectile technology, particle bombardment, Generation of transgenic plants and its application, Plant tissue culture, anther and pollen culture, protoplast culture, protoplast fusion, cybrid, somatic hybrid, somatic embryogenesis, embryo rescue, application of recombinant DNA technology in photosynthetic efficacy, nitrogen fixation efficiency and resistance to environmental stresses, biosensors. Contact hours: 15 hrs Unit III- Databases (protein, nucleic acid, Domain), multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic clustering and analysis, ab initio structure prediction methods, fold recognition methods, methods for modelling, homology modelling, threading and protein structure prediction, structure-structure comparison of macromolecules with reference to proteins, force fields, molecular energy minimization, Docking- using energy minimization, superimposition, molecular dynamics, metropolis monte carlo, genetic algorithms and build-up approach, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, rational drug design, proteins as targets for rational structure based drug design, Different types of scoring function, Pharmacokinetics and its utility in drug design, use of bioinformatics in proteomics, genomics and meta-genomics. Contact hours: 15 hrs


Books recommended

1. S.B. Primrose, R.M. Twyman and R.W.Old; Principles of Gene Manipulation. 6th Edition, S.B.University Press, 2011.

2. J. Sambrook and D.W. Russel; Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Vols 1-3, CSHL, 2001. 3. T.A. Brown, Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis: An Introduction. Fifth Edition, Wiley-Blackwell, 2006. 4. Desmond S. T. Nicholl, An introduction to genetic engineering, Cambridge University Press, 2002.

MSBC302- Clinical Biochemistry

Unit I- Clinical investigation of sugar levels in blood and urine; factors influencing blood glucose level; carbohydrate tolerance tests-procedures and interpretation, biochemical basis of Diabetes, glycogen storage diseases; carbohydrate metabolic disorders. Biosynthesis of cholesterol, triglycerides, membrane phospholipids, steroids and isoprenoids; Biosynthesis of bile acids, bile pigments and steroid hormones, plasma lipoproteins, Disorders associated with lipid metabolism and its therapeutic intervention, ketone bodies and ketosis; Fatty liver, Atherosclerosis. Hemoglobin, Met-Hb, embryonic-Hb, heme metabolism associated Diseases, sickle cell anemia, thalasemia, Protein malnutrition, measurement of fuel values of foods, measurement and calculation of BMR, Biosynthesis of amino acids and their derivatives, metabolic disorders of amino acid metabolism and urea cycle, phenylketonuria, Alkaptonuria, Albinism, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, biochemical basis of Jaundice. Contact hours: 15 hrs Unit II- Disorders of nucleic acids metabolism, Biochemistry of cancer, carcinogens; oncogenes, protooncogenes and tumor suppressor genes; metastasis and cancer stem cells; anticancer drugs and their mechanism of actions, Resistance against anticancer drugs and cancer therapy. Biochemical mechanism of blood Clotting and hemorrhagic disorders, disseminated intravascular coagulation, anticoagulants, acquired prothrombin complex disorders. Biochemistry of vitamins and micronutrients, biochemical basis of diseases with their deficiency. Contact hours: 15 hrs Unit III- Functional test of liver, kidney, thyroid, gastrointestinal and pancreas, biochemical diagnosis of diseases by enzymatic assays-ALP, SGOT, SGPT, Creatinine, cholinesterase, Creatine kinase and LDH Electrolytes, reabsorption of electrolytes, metabolism of iron, calcium and phosphorus, acid-base balance, regulation of electrolyte content of body fluids and maintenance of pH, disorders of acid base balance. Metabolism of Xenobiotics, phase I and Phase II transformation reactions, basic component of Cytochrome P450 systems and its role in xenobiotic metobaolism. Contact hours: 15 hrs Books recommended

1. Clinical Chemistry in Diagnosis and Treatment. - Ziwa J.F.P Peter, Mayne P.D.

2. Medical Biochemistry – A.C Deb

3. Medical Biochemistry - M.N. Chatterjee, Shinde

4. Textbook of Biochemistry for Medical Students. by Dr. D.M. Vasudevan and Dr. Sreekumari.S.


MSBC 303: Plant Biochemistry and Physiology Unit I- Structure, function and mechanisms of action of phytochromes, cryptochromes and phototropins; stomatal movement, transpiration, photoperiodism and biological clocks, plant movement. Photosynthetic apparatus, pigments of photosynthesis, role of carotenoids, photosystems I and II, their location, complexes associated with thylakoid membranes, light harvesting complexes, Hill reaction, photosynthetic electron transport and generation of NADPH & ATP, cyclic and non-cyclic photo-phosphorylations, regulation of photosynthetic electron transport, path of carbon in photosynthesis -C3 and -C4 pathway of carbon reduction and its regulation, photorespiration, CAM pathways, Respiratory electron transport system and ATP synthesis in plants, cyanide resistance plants. Nitrogen cycle, structural features of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase, incorporation of ammonia into organic compounds, regulation of nitrate and sulfate assimilation. Contact hours: 15 hrs Unit II- Special features and functions of secondary plant metabolites- Terpenes, lignin, tannins, pigments, phytochrome, waxes, alkaloids, flavonoids, biosynthesis of nicotine, cell wall components. Biochemistry of plant toxins- mycotoxins, phytohemagglutinins, lathyrogens, nitriles, protease inhibitors, protein toxins, biochemistry of bacterial toxins Biosynthesis, transport, physiological effects, mode of action and signal transduction of auxins, gibberlic acid, abscisic acid and cytokinins in germination, embryogenesis, growth and development of plant. Contact hours: 15 hrs Unit III- Stress metabolism in plants- Environmental, salinity, water, heat, chilling, anaerobiosis, pathogenesis, heavy metals, radiations and their impact on plant growth and metabolism, criteria of stress tolerance, mechanisms of resistance to biotic stress and tolerance to abiotic stress. Mechanism of plant defense against pathogens and antioxidative defence system in plants- reactive oxygen species and their generation, enzymic and non-enzymic components of antioxidative defense mechanism. Genetic basis of plant-pathogen interactions, R-Avr gene interactions and isolation of R genes, hypersensitive response, systemic acquired resistance and induced systemic resistance. Bioremediation and phytoremediation, concept of habitat and niche, ecological succession, population ecology; population growth curves; life history strategies (r & k selection); concept of metapopulation Contact hours: 15 hrs Books recommended

1. Fundamentals of Nitrogen Fixation, by Postage J.R. Cambridge University press, Oxfords, 1982.

2. Introduction of Plant Biochemistry, by Goodwin T. W. and E.I. Mercer, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1983.

3. Plant Physiology, 5th Edition, by Lincoln Taiz and Eduardo Zeiger, Amazon press, 2012

4. Introduction of Plant Biochemistry, by Goodwin T. W. and E.I. Mercer, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1983.


MSBC 304-Advanced Techniques Unit I- Proteomics- Tools of proteomics and their strengths and weaknesses; Fundamentals of mass spectrometry- basic theory, ionization techniques and mass analyzers; nano-LC, UPLC; Different type of proteomics, Protein identification and analysis tools, protein database search tools, Proteomic analysis of post-translational modifications, protein sequencing methods, N-terminal sequencing and other omics methods Genomics- Different step of genome analysis, DNA sequencing methods- Maxam Gilbert, Dideoxy, standard chain terminator, automated, shotgun sequencing, Pyro-sequencing, High throughput sequencing, next generation sequencing, De-novo sequencing, RNA sequencing, Microarray and its application, type of genomics-functional, structural, epigenomics and metagenomics. Meta-genomics-Type of metagenomics- shotgun, comparative and metatranscriptomics; different steps of metagenomics analysis; Species identification via r-RNA analysis, FAME analysis and other methods. Contact hours: 15 hrs Unit-II Molecular technique- Chromosomal walking and Jumping, Cot and Rot analysis, EMSA, DNaseI footprinting, Methyl interference assay, Yeast two hybrid system, ChIP and ChIP sequencing, Chromatin capture assay, thermostable polymerases and other component of PCR, types of PCR- asymmetric, methylation-specific, nested, inverse, anchored, reverse transcriptase, multiplex, allele-specific & real-time-PCR, efficiency of PCR, site-directed mutagenesis and its application in functional analysis of enzyme. Hybridization methods- Different type of membranes, substrates used in blotting, identification of blot, Different type of Blotting; Southern, Northern, Western, South-western and other blotting methods. Molecular Marker Analysis -RFLP maps, RAPD markers, AFLP markers, VNTR, SNP analysis, SCAR (sequence characterized amplified regions), SSCP (single strand conformational polymorphism) and Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) analysis Contact hours: 15 hrs Unit-III Biophysical technique-Application of following spectroscopic method in study of biomolecules- UV-Vis, Fluorescence, Circular Dichroism, Infra-Red, Raman, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, COSY, NOESY, X-ray diffraction, DSC, ITC, FRET, FCS and FCCS, EPR and SPR (Surface Plasmon Resonance) Immunological technique- Immuno-electrophoresis, rocket-elecetrophoresis, immune-precipitation, agglutination, RIA, ELISA, Different type of ELISA, FACS, immune-fluorescence microscopy, Immuno-electron microscopy, Fluorescence In-situ hybridization. Radiation technique- Radioisotopes and its half life, specific activity, detection and measurement of different types of radioisotopes used in biology, scantilator counter, proposal counter, Geiger Muller counter, Cerenkov counter and autoradiography, Basic and application of PET, MRI and CT scan. Contact hours: 15 hrs Books recommended

1. Christian, G. D., Analytical Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pvt. Ltd., 2004. 2. Wilson, K. and Walker, J., Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 7th

Edition, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2010. 3. David Freifelder, Physical Biochemistry, 2nd edition, John Wiley and Sons 2005.


MSBC 305- Human Physiology and Endocrinology UNIT I Digestive System: Anatomy and functions of alimentary canal and digestive glands, digestive processes, food intake and regulation, enzymes secretions and their function in the oral cavity, stomach and intestine, Nutritional value of micronutrients, BMR and nutritional disorders. Cardiovascular System: Components of blood, plasma, blood groups, Rh factor, structure and function of heart and blood vessels; cardiac cycle; origin, conduction and regulation of heart beat, cardiac disorders, ECG, lymphatic system. Respiratory System: Exchange of gases, transport of O2 and CO2 in blood, O2 and CO2, dissociation curves, control and regulation of respiration, disorders associated with respiration system. Contact hours: 15 hrs UNIT II Nervous System: Organization of nervous system-CNS, PNS. PNS, somatic nervous system; autonomic nervous system-sympathetic and parasympathetic system; enteric nervous system, structure and function of neuron and glial cells, Synapse, nerve impulse transmission, function of voltage-dependent and neurotransmitter-gated ion channels; the role of these ion channels in synaptic transmission, synaptic modification, and neuromodulation; molecular and cellular properties of ion channels in neurons and sensory cells and their relationship to brain and sensory systems, neurotransmitters, sense organs- gustatory, olfactory, vision, hearing, touch receptors. Musculo-skeletal System: Components of skeletal system; skeletal organization; bone structure and function, development and growth, mechanism of bone remodelling and osteoporosis, types of muscles- smooth, cardiac, skeleton muscles, muscle contraction and theory of muscle contraction. Contact hours: 15 hrs Unit III Uro-Genital System: structure and function of kidney and nephron, mechanism and regulation of urine formation, haemodialysis and homeostatic imbalances in excretion, reproductive cycles, reproduction, fertilization, embryogenesis and fetus development, fate maps and amniocentesis, embryonic membrane and placentation, in-vitro fertilization, regulation of fertility Histology and functions of endocrine glands- Pituitary, Thyroid, Adrenal, Parathyroid, Pancreas; nature of hormones, regulation of hormone secretion, effects of abnormal secretions of hormones and placental hormones, peptide hormones and steroid hormones, biochemistry of hormone action. Contact hours: 15 hrs Books Recommended

1. A text book of Medical Physiology by Guyton. A.C., H. Sanders Philadelphia. 2. Introduction to Physiology by Davidson H and Segal M. B. Academic Press. 3. Review of Medical Physiology-William F.Ganong 4. Physiological basis of Medical Practice, John.B.West. 5. Vander’s Human Physiology-The mechanism of Body function, Widmaier, Raff, strang.

MSBC-306: Project

MSBC-307: Journal Club Presentation


MSBC-308: Laboratory I: Biotechnology and Bioinformatics

1. Isolation of genomic DNA, plasmid DNA and RNA from bacteria.

2. PCR amplification of a gene and it’s analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis

3. In vitro DNA ligation and transformation of E. coli and its characterization of using DNA

gel electrophoresis,

4. Purification of the recombinant protein

5. Western blot analysis.

6. Restriction map Analysis.

7. RT-PCR technique

8. Multiple sequence alignment and Primer designing

9. Protein Modeling and Protein structure Analysis

10. Molecular Docking and Ligplot interactions

MSBC 309: Clinical Biochemistry and Plant Biochemistry

1. Determination of blood sugar, urea, cholesterol, creatine, creatinine, uric acid, albumin,

SGPT,SGOT, triglycerides, lipoproteins and alkaline phosphatase

2. Gel electrophoresis of plasma proteins.

3. Analysis of blood group

4. Hemocytometric analysis-W.B.C. & R.B.C , Haemoglobin estimation

5. Subcellular fractionation-Detection of mitochondrial microsomal fraction,

6. Effect of plant hormones on the growth of plant.

7. Two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins

8. UV-VIS spectroscopy- Effect of the different conditions on biomolecules conformation

9. Fluorescence spectroscopy-Effect of the different conditions on biomolecules conformation

10. Circular Dichroism spectroscopy- Effect of the different conditions on biomolecules.


SEMESTER IV

MSBC-401: Industrial Biochemistry Unit-I: Basics of biochemical engineering; material and energy balances, heat transfer, mass transfer, mass transfer correlations with oxygen transfer, fluid flow, Non-newtonian fluids, Bernoulli's principle, viscosity, hydraulic conductivity, capillary flow, control and applications of industrial processes, Flux and metabolic control analysis, stoichiometric analysis, strategies for manipulating carbon fluxes in intermediary metabolism. Fermentors, general design of bioreactor, fermentation processes; type of culture- Batch, Plug-Flow, Chemostat and Fed batch, Growth kinetics of batch and continuous culture. Metabolic enzyme engineering, cofactor engineering, biotransformation, biomass & production of single cell protein, Desired modification (salinity-, detergent-, pH- and thermal-stability) of major industrial enzymes, hydrolytic enzymes, specialty enzymes, Immobilization of enzymes by chemical and physical methods, synzymes, enzyme electrodes, biosensors. Contact hours: 15 hrs Unit-II: Over production of metabolites, downstream processing, gene dosage and its applications in industrial processes, Large scale production of enzymes from traditional sources and genetically engineered organisms, proteases, amylases, cellulases, lipases, industrial scale production of lactic acid, alcohol, amino acids, antibiotics and secondary metabolites. Production of biopesticides, biofertilisers, biopreservatives (Nisin), cheese, biopolymers, (xanthan gum, PHB etc) and dyes. Production, isolation and purification of recombinant proteins (insulin, growth factor etc), vaccines, monoclonal antibodies and humanized monoclonal antibodies and scaling up the parameters associated with these productions, Isolation of pharmaceuticals products of animal origin, sex hormones, oestrogens, progesterone, corticosteroids. Isolation of pharmaceuticals of plant origin, Alkaloids, atropine, morphine, cocaine, ergot alkaloids, flavonoids, xanthenes and terpenoids; Contact hours: 15 hrs Unit III: Intrinsic and extrinsic parameters affecting quality of Foods, food preservation, characteristics of radiations of interest in food preservation, principles underlying the destruction of microorganisms by irradiation, physical and chemical methods of food preservation, legal status of food preservation, alterations during food processing, maillard reaction, non-enzymatic browning reaction and nutritional effects, fatty acids hydrogenation, lipid peroxidation and protein degradation. Pesticides and biopesticides in integrated pest management, physical, chemical and biological treatment of waste water, bioremediation of contaminated soils and waste lands, development of new drug/molecules and elucidation of their mechanisms of actions; pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, Factors affecting- drug efficacy, drug resistance and biotransformation. Contact hours: 15 hrs Books recommended

1. A textbook of industrial microbiology 2nd edition, Crueger W. and Crueger A. 2000, Panima Publishing Corp. 2. Stanbury P.F, Ethitaker H, Hall S, Principle of fermentation technology, 1997, Aditya Books (P) Ltd. 3. Shuler, M and Kargi, F. Bioprocess Engineering: Basic Concepts. Second Edition.

Pearson Education. 2002


MSBC 402: Biophysics and Biostatistics

Unit-I Conformations of peptide and proteins; different level of protein structure, disruption of non-covalent interactions and disulfide bonds, formation of specific disulfide linkage, Ramachandran plot, non-repetitive structures, protein folds, protein motifs, helix-turn-helix, zinc-fingers and leucine-zippers motif,domains and domain swapping, protein symmetry and rules of association of subunits, Quaternary structure determination of aspartate transcarbamoylase, prokaryotes and mammalian molecular chaperons, rotamases, intrinsically disorder proteins and their significance . Two state models of protein stability, protein denaturation, effect of osmolytes on biomolecules stability, protein folding- rules, pathways, thermodynamics and kinetics, folding of RNaseA, Levinthal Paradox, Chevron plot, Ф-value analysis, m-value analysis, protein-protein interactions, protein-nucleic acid interactions, Receptor binding assays; Determination of affinity and binding capacity of receptor; Scatchard plot, Receptor agonists and antagonists. Contact hours: 15 hrs Unit II: Structure of globular proteins: myoglobin, haemoglobin and insulin, structure of fibrous protein- collagen, keratin, actin, myosin and silks fibroin, Synthesis of peptides (solution phase and solid phase, protection and deprotection of amino and carboxyl group), unnatural amino acids, peptides and peptidomimetics, incorporating conformational constraints locally or globally, examples of peptidomimetics for some enzymes and receptors.

Torsion angles of nucleotide, sugar conformation, DNA motifs, DNA repeats and their significance chemical structure and properties of purine, pyrimidine, nucleoside, nucleotide and their derivative, structure and properties of B-DNA, Z-DNA, A-DNA, H-DNA, A-RNA, A’ RNA, RNA-RNA hybrid, RNA-DNA hybrid, hn-RNA, triple-helix DNA, quadraplex DNA, higher orders of DNA structure. Effect of pH, humidity, metal & salt on the conformation of double-helix, triple helix and quadraplex-DNA.

Unit III: Physical properties of membrane, critical concentrations, lipid-protein interactions, organisation of chloroplast and mitochondrial membrane systems, membrane melting and effect of membrane composition on the Tm of membrane, trans-membrane helices, hydropathy plot and prediction of membrane spanning domains, membrane asymmetry, membrane fluidity, detergents and membrane solubilization, functional reconstitution of artificial membranes Membrane potential, nernst equation, membrane impedance and capacitance, trans-membrane potential, zeta, stern and total electrochemical potential, membrane transport, Donnan equilibrium, transport of ions and small molecules, different types of channels, pumps, co-transporters, Measures of central tendency (Mean, Median and mode); Sampling distribution; Difference between parametric and non-parametric statistics; Regression and Correlation; Confidence Interval and limit; Errors; Levels of significance; probability distributions (Binomial, Poisson and normal); one way and two way Analysis of variance (ANOVA); Expectation and variance; Hypothesis; Critical region and

error probabilities; t-test, tests of significance; p-value of the statistic; χ2 test for independence. Contact hours: 15 hrs Books recommended 1. Thomas E. Creighton, Proteins: Structure and Molecular Properties, W H Freeman & Co, 2011. 2. Alexei V. Finkelstein, Oleg Borisovich Ptitsyn, Protein physics: A course of lectures, Academic Press, 2002.


3. Carl-Ivar Brändén, John Tooze, Introduction to Protein Structure , Garland Pub., 1999. 4. Jack Kyte , Structure in Protein Chemistry , Garland Science, 2007. 5. David Whitford, Proteins-Structure and function , Wiley, 2005. 6. Moganty R. Rajeswari, An introduction to Biophysics, Rastogi Publications, 2012. 7. A. Kessel and Nir Ben-Tal, Introduction to Proteins-Structure, function and motion, CRC press, Taylor and Francis,

2011. 8. Georg E. Schulz, R. Heiner Schirmer, Principles of protein structure, Springer, 1998.

MSBC 403 Elective II:

The elective course, MSBC 403 offered:

• Environmental Biochemistry

• Neurochemistry

• Cell signalling and Cancer Biology

(I)Environmental Biochemistry Unit I Environmental components (atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere); Composition of air, water, soil; Atmosphere and its interaction with hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere, Vertical temperature and vertical structure of the atmosphere, Types & classification of pollutants, biogeochemical cycles in environment- Detail study of nitrogen cycle; Biological Control of chemical factors in the environment; Generation and decomposition of pollutants in nature, Biodistribution of elements.Chemical and photochemical reactions in atmosphere; Effects and control of air pollutants- Gaseous, particulates, Environmental impact assessment, environmental modeling and environmental laws. Contact hours: 15 hrs Unit II- Green house gases- major sources and effect, effect on global warming, acid rain and agriculture; Earth’s carbon cycle, carbon emitters, carbon sequestration, carbon footprint and carbon trading; Ozone layer- Formation, reactions, role, and processes of ozone depletion, Consequences of ozone depletion, choloro-fluoro carbons, Environmental toxicology, threshold limiting value, toxicity and control of toxicants-Non-metallic compounds, asbestos, organic compounds, endocrine disrupters, persistent organic pollutants (POP’s), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s), dioxins, pesticides, phthalates, heavy metals-As, Hg, Cd, Pb. Contact hours: 15 hrs Unit III Renewable energy, alternative clean fuels-Solar, biomass energy, hydrogen, hydrothermal, geothermal, wind etc. Climate change in future-Predictions, consequences, mitigation and adaptation to climate change. Montreal protocol 1987, Rio de Janeiro summit 92 Kyoto protocol 97, Johannesburg 2002, Copenhagen summit 2009, Bonn climate change summit, 2013. Contact hours: 15 hrs

Suggested reading-

1. Environmental Chemistry, Manahan S. E. ,CRC Press, 2010 2. Environmental Chemistry, Colin Baird, Michael Cann; Fourth Edition;W.H. Freeman and Company, New York,

2008.


(II)Neurochemistry Unit I Structure and function of neuron and glial cells, synapse, synaptic modification and neuromodulation; Electrical and chemical synapses: structure and their properties; transmission; synaptic vesicles; Vesicle release mechanism; molecular and cellular properties of ion channels in neurons and sensory cells and their relationship to brain and sensory systems, Myelin structure, Different metabolic pathways found in the neurons and their modification Contact hours: 15 hrs Unit II Temporal and spatial summation; Presynaptic modulation; Voltage dependent calcium channel and their blockers; EPSP and IPSP, Drug effects on synapse, Receptor agonists and antagonists. Classification of neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter receptors, Opiate and Peptide neurotransmitters, synthesis and catabolism of histamine, GABA, serotonin, catecholamines, acetylcholine and other neurotransmitter, neuromuscular transmission- end plate potential; nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine ,receptors and their classification; structure; agonist and antagonists; Neuropeptides: precursors’ structure, common features, synthesis, processing and regulation, clinical chemistry; NMJ diseases; anti-ChE agents and their applications; cholinergic projections in the brain; cholinergic neurons and Alzheimer’s disease. Contact hours: 15 hrs Unit III Amino acids neurotransmitters: Excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters: GABA glycine and glutamate and their receptors, GABA receptoragonists and antagonists, AMPA, Kainate and NMDA receptors; Glutamate mediated synaptic transmission;Glutamate excitotoxicity; NMDA receptor and LTP; Neurolathyrism, Dopamine receptors structure, function, agonist and antagonists; Dopaminergic pathways; Dopamine transpoters; MPTP; Parkinson’s disease; Schizophrenia; Amphetamine cocaine and their mode of action; Opiate and their receptors; Agonist and antagonists; Drug addiction tolerance and withdrawal; Morphine and pain relief. Contact hours: 15 hrs Books Recommended Siegel et al., Basic Neurochemistry, 6th Edition, Lippincott -Williams-Wilkins, 1999 Kandel et al., Principles of Neural science, 4 Edition, McGraw-Hill Medical, 2000. Zegmond, Fundamentals of Neuroscience, 1st Edition, Academic Press, 1999 Bear: Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain, 2nd edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001

III) Cell Signalling and Cancer Biology UNIT I Different type of cell signalling, signaling molecules and cell-surface receptors, intracellular signal transduction Signaling through G-protein coupled receptors; heterotrimeric G proteins, low molecular weight G proteins; effectors and regulators of G-protein signaling pathways, signaling pathways that control gene activity, integration of signals and gene control, signaling through enzyme-linked receptors; receptors with tyrosine kinase activity; cytokine receptor signaling, signaling through ion channels, and nuclear receptors, signal transduction in immunocompetent cells, Stress signaling, Signaling in plants, NO signaling and S-nitrosylation, Organelle-based signaling. Biological roles of signaling, functions in development and disease, cancer cell signaling. Contact hours: 15 hrs


UNIT II The biology and genetics of cells and organisms, The nature of cancer and cancer prevention, Tumour viruses, Cellular oncogenes, Growth factors and their receptors, Cytoplasmic signaling circuitry, Tumour suppressor genes, Rb and control of the cell cycle, p53 and apoptosis, Cell immortalisation and tumourigenesis, Multistep tumourigenesis, Genomic integrity and the development of cancer, Relevant bioinformatics tools, Heterotypic interactions and the biology of angiogenesis, Invasion and metastasis, Small animal models of cancer Contact hours: 15 hrs UNIT III Histological, molecular and genetic diagnostics, Surgery, Medical and radiation oncology, Pharmacogenomics in medical oncology, Experimental therapeutics (monoclonal antibodies, STI’s, angiogenesis, immunotherapy, gene therapy, stem cells), Anticancer drug- discovery, structure, mechanism of action and resistance against these durgs. Contact hours: 15 hrs Books recommended

1. Kleinsmith, LJ 2006, Principles of Cancer Biology 2. Weinberg, R.A. 2007, The Biology of Cancer

MSBC 404 Elective III: Social science

The choice of courses for MSMB 404 are:

• Principles and practices of Management, MBA 101

• Entrepreneurship theories and practices, MBA 207

• Marketing management, MBA 201

MSBC 405- Seminar

MSBC 406- Project

MSBC 407-Project presentation

programme structure and courses offered in m.sc ... syllabus i to iv sem... · programme structure...

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