progressive era. introduction to the progressive movement introduction to the progressive movement

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Page 1: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Progressive Era

Page 3: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

SWBAT• Examine difficulties farmers faced

in the West• Explain the goals of the Populist

Party• Identify William Jennings Bryan,

the Grange

Page 4: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Populists• 3 factors that helped bring people

West:1.Transcontinental Railroad2.Homestead Act3.Manifest Destiny• Many who moved West became

farmers

Page 5: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Problems for Farmers• Problems that Farmers faced in the

West:1.Difficult land to farm2.Weather- blizzards, tornados,

droughts3.Loneliness4.Conflicts with Native Americans

Page 6: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Problems for Farmers5. Debt due to high cost of farm

equipment6. Charged high prices by railroad

for storage and transport of products

Page 7: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

The Grange• Grange- organization founded in 1867,

meant to develop social ties among farmers

• Due to poor economic conditions, farmers pressed for political changes to limit power of railroads

Page 8: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

The Populists• The Populist Party-

established in 1891• Also known as the

“People’s Party”• Dedicated to reform and radical change in the

social, economic, and political situation in the US

Page 9: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Goals of the Populists1. Government control of railroads,

telephones, & telegraphs2. Progressive income tax3. Secret ballot

Page 10: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Goals of the Populists4. Direct election of Senators5. 8 hour work day6. Free & unlimited silver coinage (wanted more $ in circulation so the farmers could pay their debt more easily)

Page 11: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Goals of the Populists7. Restricted immigration8. Women’s suffrage

Page 12: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Leader of the Populists• Leader: William Jennings Bryan

- ran for President 3 times never won• Election of 1896: Bryan ran against

William McKinley- McKinley won with the support of Big Business

Page 13: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

End of the Populists• Populists disappeared as a political

party by 1900- as urban population increased (immigration) increase in demand for food prices for food increase farmers become prosperous

Page 14: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

End of Populists• Populist ideas were later adopted

by other political parties

Page 15: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Significance of Populist Party• Populists were unsuccessful in achieving

goals, BUT their ideas/goals were applied to urban problems later, during the Progressive Era• Economy shifting from agriculture to

industrial• US shifting from nation of farms to a nation

of cities

Page 16: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Populists and the Wizard of Oz…

• L. Frank Baum (1856 – 1919)authoredThe Wizard of Oz, in 1900

Page 17: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Who the Characters Represent…

Page 18: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Dorothy= the American People

Page 19: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Scarecrow= Western Farmers (Populists)

Page 20: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Tin Man= Eastern Industrial Workers

Page 21: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Cowardly Lion= William Jennings Bryan

Page 22: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Wizard of Oz= William McKinley ?

Page 23: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

=

Oz=Washington/Government

Page 24: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Kansas= Populist Stronghold

Page 25: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Populists and the Wizard of Oz…

• Oz- abbreviation for an ounce of silver or gold• Dorothy’s Silver Slippers (not Ruby!) =

Silver Sandard• Yellow Brick Road = Gold Standard

Page 26: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Progressives and Reform

Page 27: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

SWBAT• Explain characteristics of a

Progressive• Describe goals of the Progressive

Movement• Identify muckraker

Page 28: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Progressives• Progressive Movement: 1900-1918• Progressives:- A middle class, urban movement- Saw themselves as reformers against

abuses of urban life, corporate business, and government corruption

- Ideas came from populist movement

Page 29: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Goals of Progressives1. Greater Democracy

- Direct primary- nomination of candidates for office by party members (the people!)- Initiative- voters petition to have an issue put on the ballot (local gov. only)

Page 30: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Goals of Progressives- Referendum- an issue that you vote “yes”

or “no” on- Recall- remove an elected official by

petition or vote- 17th Amendment- direct election of

Senators by the people (1917)- 19th Amendment- women’s right to vote

(1920)

Page 31: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Goals of Progressives2. More government regulation of

business (TR/Wilson)3. Social Justice (issues of women and

children)- Got rid of child labor- Passed laws allowing women to work shorter hours than men, and not at night

Page 32: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Goals of Progressives4. Get local and

national government more involved in ending problems

Page 33: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Muckraker• Investigative journalists who

informed the public about corruption, bad business practices, and unfair treatment of workers

Page 34: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Video• While viewing the video, listen

carefully, and answer the questions as the video progresses…• We will review the questions as a

class at the end of the video

Page 35: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

SWBAT• Analyze Progressive Era

documents and photographs• Identify Ida Tarbell and Upton

Sinclair

Page 36: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Directions• You will move from station to station as a group• You will have 6 minutes at each station• In those 6 minutes you must complete the

questions accordingly in your packet for that station• Everyone MUST have all questions complete by

the end of your last station• Have fun!

Page 37: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Teddy Roosevelt & Progressive Policies

Page 38: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

SWBAT• Review reformers and their

effects• Describe 3 areas of reform under

President Roosevelt• Identify the term: Square Deal

Page 39: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Reformers & LegislationReformer Effect

Jacob Riis- How the Other Half Lives (1890)

Settlement Houses, protection of child labor

Upton Sinclair- The Jungle (1906)

Meat Inspection ActFood and Drug Act

Lincoln Steffens- The Shame of Cities (1904)

Voting reform17th Amendment

Ida Tarbell- The History of the Standard Oil Company (1903)

Anti-trust legislation

Page 40: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Settlement Housing

• volunteer middle-class "settlement workers" would live, hoping to share knowledge and culture, and alleviate the poverty of their low-income neighbors

Page 41: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Progressive Era Improvements

• As a class, review Progressive Era Improvements…• What Amendments were passed

during this Era and what did they address?

Page 42: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

President Roosevelt• Held office from 1901-1908• Saw his job as one of “stewardship”-

leading the nation responsibly in the public’s interest, like a manager• Took a very active role as President

Page 43: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

President Roosevelt• Administration was called the

“Square Deal”- fairness for all, and free from corruption

Page 44: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

3 Areas of Reform• TR’s Square Deal consisted of 3

areas of reform1.Regulating Business- his attitude

toward business= gov. should keep their eye on monopolies & should eliminate bad business practices

Page 45: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Regulating BusinessA. Northern Securities Case- a “trustbuster”, a railroad monopoly in the Pacific Northwest was broken up by the Roosevelt Administration

Page 46: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Regulating BusinessB. Hepburn Act, 1906- allowed Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to set railroad rates & expanded ICC’s authority to cover ferries & bridges as well

Page 47: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Regulating BusinessC. Pure Food and Drug Act- accurate labeling of food and drugs

Meat Inspection Act- fed. Gov. would ensure meat was safe for consumption

Page 48: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Labor2. Labor

A. Coal Strike of 1902- mine owners refused to deal with strikers TR said they must come up with an agreement or he would send the Army to take over the minesRESULT- mine workers won shorter hours and higher wages

Page 49: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Conservation3. Conservation

A. Newlands Reclamation Act:- built dams, irrigation systems in the west- added land in Alaska & Northwest to federally protected lands- started state & national parks (ex Yellowstone)

Page 50: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Woodrow Wilson

Page 51: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

SWBAT• Identify the philosophy of the

Wilson Administration• Identify the Federal Reserve Act

and Clayton Anti-Trust Act• Contrast Wilson’s view of trusts

with TR’s view of trusts

Page 52: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Progressive Era Presidents• T. Roosevelt 1901-1908• Taft 1908-1912• Wilson 1912- 1920

Page 53: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Election of 1912• Candidates:

1. Taft (Republican)2. Wilson (Democrat)3. T. Roosevelt (Bull Moose)4. Debs (Socialist)• WILSON WINS!

Page 54: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Election of 1912

Page 55: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Wilson’s Philosophy• A return to competition in the

workplace• Therefore need to get rid of

monopolies and use anti-trust laws to do it!• Presidential Program: “New Freedom”

Page 56: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Wilson’s Reform Actions1. Underwood Tariff- paved the

way for the 16th Amendment (income tax)

2. Federal Reserve Act- set up Federal Reserve System to stabilize banking:

Page 57: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Wilson’s Reform ActionsA. 12 banking districtsB. Not a people’s bank, instead issues $ to other banksC. Controls amount of $ in circulation by increasing and decreasing interest ratesD. Shifts and redistributes $ to other banks

Page 58: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Wilson’s Reform Actions

Page 59: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Wilson’s Reform Actions3. Federal Trade Commission- est.

to prevent unfair competition, enforce anti-trust laws, investigate false advertising, and mislabeling of products

Page 60: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Wilson’s Reform Actions4. Clayton Anti-Trust Act- strengthened the

Sherman Anti-Trust Act- more specific- spelled out specific activities big business could not take part in- legalized strikes, peaceful picketing, and boycotts

Page 61: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

End of Progressivism• Progressivism ends with WWI (1917)• Last remnant of the Progressive

Movement is in 1920, with the 19th Amendment

Page 62: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Knowledge Check!1. A major purpose of the Federal Reserve

System is to:A. deal with the trade deficit through tariffs and quotas B. control the minimum wage C. establish the Federal budget D. regulate interest rates and the money

supply

Page 63: Progressive Era. Introduction to the Progressive Movement Introduction to the Progressive Movement

Knowledge Check!2. Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and

Robert M. LaFollette are all considered progressives because they:A. supported the formation of the first trade

union B. used Presidential power to break up strikes C. worked to limit the power of big business D. formed the first civil rights organizations