progressive era1
TRANSCRIPT
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Intro to Progressive Era
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Progressivism?
• What does ‘Progressive’ mean?• Progress and improvement through change• Change intentional and rational• Represented many different issues
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Common Beliefs
• Idea of progress• “Natural laws” not enough to create order &
stability• Gov’t should play a role in intervention• Limit & disperse power• Social cohesion: the idea that any one
person’s welfare depends on the welfare of society as a whole
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Common Beliefs, cont.
• Social order: a result of intelligent social organization and rational procedures for guiding social/economic life (Society needs a smart manager.)
• Environment shapes individual development--Poverty, ignorance & criminality not results of genetic or moral weakness
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Muckrakers
• Progressive journalists exposing corruption, waste and inefficiency
• Targeted trusts, railroads, corrupt city gov’t• Ida Tarbell: Standard Oil• Upton Sinclair: Meat-packing industry (The
Jungle)
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Social Gospel Movement
• Idea of “social justice”• Protestant• Faith as tool for social reform• E.g. Salvation Army: material and spiritual
care to urban poor• Many clergy left parishes to work with
troubled cities
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Settlement Houses• Tenements root of social
dysfunction• Helped immigrant families
adapt• Staffed by educated middle-
class• Educated women played
major role• Began profession of Social
Work• Hull House started by Jane
Addams in Chicago (1889)
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Jane Addams
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The New Woman
• Educated• Active in community groups• Social opportunities outside the home• Suffrage movement• Women’s contribution to Progressive
movement: “housekeeping” of society• Argued for voting rights based on the unique
contributions women could offer to politics
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Rise of Expertise
• “Taylorism”• Frederick Jackson Turner• Scientific efficiency• Mass production, assembly line• New economy needed new skills: accountants,
engineers, managers, administrators• Newly large cities needed medical, legal &
educational services
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Rise of the Middle Class
• New Middle Class of educated professionals• Essential to any modern industrial economy• Fueled Progressive movement
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Emergence of Professionalism
• Idea of professionalism rather new• 1901: American Medical Association• Bar Associations (lawyers)• Chambers of Commerce• Standards for admission and licensing• Limited entry into professions