Progressive Movement

PG. 30 NotesPg. 31. Vocabulary

Review to this point

Civil War

• 1861-1865

Reconstruction Amendments(1865-1877)

• 13th - Outlawed Slavery• 14th - Defines Citizenship (ex-slaves now

citizens)Equal protection under the law for states. Bill of rights applied to states.

• 15th Voting rights for ex-slaves who are men

The Progressive Era & the End of Laissez-Faire America

America Industrializes / Gilded Age

Technological innovationsBessemer Process

SteelElectricity

Thomas EdisonFactory work at night

RailroadsTranscendentalGrowth of WestNational Markets

• Corporations– A charted company recognized

by law as a ‘person’

• Captions of Industry– Robber Barons

• Andrew Carnegie– Steel

• John D. Rockefeller– Oil

• Vanderbilt– Railroads

• Monopoly– Trust– A company that has complete

control over a product or service

I. Muckrakers Expose the Evils of Industrial Capitalism

A. Jacob Riis and New York’s PoorB. Lincoln Steffens Shame of the Cities

B. Upton Sinclair and America’s Meat

C. Ida Tarbell and Standard Oil

Ida B. Wells

• Reforms on lynching

II. Solution #1: Keep Capitalism, But Protect the People

A. Protecting Children and Women Workers: Child Labor Laws & Muller v. Oregon

Labor

• Child Labor Laws • Unions– Knights of Labor– American Federation of

Labor• Samuel Gompers• Closed shops

– Only union workers

– Haymarket Affair Riot • Chicago• Bomb exploded • Labor leaders blamed• 7 police men killed

Gospel of Wealth

• Idea that Captions of industry should give some of there profits to help society

• Philanthropy– Give away money to help society• Libraries• Museums• Schools

Social Gospel

• Social Reforms• Christian Duty to help others– Jane Addams• Settlement Houses

– W.E.B DuBois• NAACP

– Booker T. Washington• YMCA• Anti- Defamation League

B. Protecting Consumers: Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food & Drug Act

C. Protecting Small Businesses: The Elkins, Hepburn and Clayton Anti-Trust Acts

Laws against Unfair Business

• Laissez-faire– Belief that the

Government should not interfere with business• Only to protect and

enforce contracts• Tariffs to protect trade

• Interstate Commerce Act (1877)– Congress can regulate

commerce between states.• Railroads• 1st time US Government

stepped in to regulate business

• Sherman Anti – Act (1890)– Stop monopolies in

engaging in unfair practices

Progressive Presidents & Trust• Roosevelt

– Square Deal• Revised the use of the Sherman

Anti- Trust Act “trust buster’• Good trust

– Agree to regulation• Bad trust

– Not agree to regulation then shut down

– Protect the consumer health and prevent false advertising • Meat Inspection Act (1906)• Pure Food and Drug (1906)

• Taft– More trust busting

• Wilson– New Freedom

• Clayton Anti – Trust (1914)– All trusts are bad.

• Underwood Tariff (1913)– Lowered Tariff

• Federal Reserve Act (1913)– Reformed banking system– 12 ‘bankers banks’– Regulate money supply

• Federal Trade Commission (1913)– Regulate against unfair

business practice • Child Labor Act (1916)• National Park Service

III. Solution #2: More Democracy, More Power to the People

16th amendment

• Graduated income tax• Redistributes wealth

from top income earners

• (I am fined on April 16th if I don’t get my taxes in on time)

B. Direct Election of Senators: 17th Amendment

Original Constitution (1787): The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six Years; and each Senator shall have one Vote.

17th Amendment: The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years….

More people participate in direct democracy. (“I can vote for my senator when I am 18…I wish it was 17)

18th amendment

• Prohibits the sale of alcohol

• (Back in the day the drinking age was 18 now it is 21)

• 21st amendment repealed the 18th

A. Women Win the Right to Vote: The 19th Amendment

• (18, 19, 20)• I can vote when I’m 18

because of the 19th amendment passed in 1920!

C. Voting Privately: The Australian Ballot

D. Recalls, Referenda, and Initiatives

IV. The ResultsA. Political: Little Long Term Impact

Notes/vocabulary

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=52E4Rm3_k7I

Frayer Model Vocabulary

• Third Parties

• Muckrakers

Individual boxes

Presentation

Quiz