progressive politicians 10.2 teddy roosevelt becomes president
TRANSCRIPT
Progressive Progressive PoliticiansPoliticians
10.2 Teddy Roosevelt 10.2 Teddy Roosevelt Becomes PresidentBecomes President
1900 Presidential Election 1900 Presidential Election
• Republicans: William McKinley and Teddy Roosevelt
• Democrat: William Jennings Bryan
• McKinley and Roosevelt win in landslide – due to economy
Theodore Roosevelt = Theodore Roosevelt = TRTR
Former Assistant Sec. of NavyFormer Assistant Sec. of Navy Had encouraged War with SpainHad encouraged War with Spain Led Rough Riders into battle in Led Rough Riders into battle in
CubaCuba Became Governor of New YorkBecame Governor of New York
Reformed government and Reformed government and regulated big business = Very regulated big business = Very Progressive viewsProgressive views
Now VP – age 42Now VP – age 42
Death of McKinleyDeath of McKinleyBuffalo, NYBuffalo, NYPan American ExpositionPan American ExpositionPresident McKinley is President McKinley is
assassinated by Anarchist assassinated by Anarchist Leon Leon Czolgosz Czolgosz (Zol-gawsh)(Zol-gawsh)
Did it for the poor & forgottenDid it for the poor & forgottenMcKinley dies Sept. 14, 01McKinley dies Sept. 14, 01Sent to electric chair in Oct ‘01Sent to electric chair in Oct ‘01
Roosevelt Brings Roosevelt Brings Progressivism to the Progressivism to the PresidencyPresidencyPresidents had governed with a Presidents had governed with a
hands-off approachhands-off approachRoosevelt – man of extraordinary Roosevelt – man of extraordinary
energyenergyHated corruption and monopoliesHated corruption and monopolies
Roosevelt used the office as a Roosevelt used the office as a “bully pulpit” to make changes in “bully pulpit” to make changes in policypolicy
The United Mine The United Mine Workers StrikeWorkers Strike
&&The Square DealThe Square Deal
The United Mine Workers The United Mine Workers StrikeStrike1902 –1902 – 150,000 coal miners strike150,000 coal miners strikeDemand higher wages & Demand higher wages & recognition of their unionrecognition of their union
Sign petition asking Sign petition asking president Roosevelt to president Roosevelt to intervene on their behalfintervene on their behalf
Conservatives vs. Conservatives vs. ProgressivesProgressives ConservativesConservatives
Urge the TR to order the miners Urge the TR to order the miners back to workback to work
ProgressivesProgressives Urge the TR to place the miners Urge the TR to place the miners
under federal controlunder federal controlTR TR – – encourages both sides to agree encourages both sides to agree
to to arbitrationarbitration - 3 - 3rdrd party settles dispute party settles dispute Threatens Fed. takeover to force mine Threatens Fed. takeover to force mine
owners to agreementowners to agreement
Compromise Compromise ReachedReached Workers received Workers received
higher wages and higher wages and shorter daysshorter days
Owners did not Owners did not have to recognize have to recognize the unionthe union
= First time = First time federal federal government government intervened to intervened to protect workersprotect workers
““The Square Deal”The Square Deal” Roosevelt called Roosevelt called
the result of the the result of the mine strike a mine strike a “square deal”“square deal”
““The Square Deal” The Square Deal” became became Roosevelt’s 1904 Roosevelt’s 1904 campaign slogancampaign slogan
Easily wins Easily wins reelection in 1904reelection in 1904
Reform Under Reform Under President President RooseveltRoosevelt
TR’s Reform: Trust-TR’s Reform: Trust-bustingbusting
TrustTrust - Arrangement grouping several - Arrangement grouping several companies under a single board of companies under a single board of directors to eliminate competition and directors to eliminate competition and to regulate production.to regulate production.
TR – believed big companies needed to TR – believed big companies needed to behave responsiblybehave responsibly= look out for public good= look out for public good
Sherman Anti-Trust Act Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890) – (1890) – prohibited monopolies and trusts that prohibited monopolies and trusts that restrained traderestrained trade
Northern Securities Co. Northern Securities Co. CaseCase1902 Roosevelt directs the attorney 1902 Roosevelt directs the attorney
general to sue Northern Securities general to sue Northern Securities Co.Co.
Company controlled by Company controlled by J.P. MorganJ.P. Morgan
(Owned General Electric and U.S. (Owned General Electric and U.S. Steel)Steel)
Northern Securities Co monopolized Northern Securities Co monopolized shipping from Chicago to Northwest shipping from Chicago to Northwest USUS
Northern Securities Co. Northern Securities Co. CaseCaseSupreme Court ruled –Supreme Court ruled –The company violated the The company violated the
Sherman Anti-Trust ActSherman Anti-Trust ActOrdered the company Ordered the company
dissolveddissolved
Trust-bustingTrust-bustingTR launched trust-busting TR launched trust-busting
campaign - over 44 lawsuits campaign - over 44 lawsuits against businesses that were against businesses that were against the public goodagainst the public good
TR also regulated the Railroad TR also regulated the Railroad industry – industry –
Elkins Act – Elkins Act – stop corporate stop corporate rebates rebates
Hepburn Act – Hepburn Act – set railroad ratesset railroad rates
Food and Drug Co. Food and Drug Co. ReformReform By the 1900s it became clear many By the 1900s it became clear many
food distributors were selling food distributors were selling dangerous products to the publicdangerous products to the public
Chemicals made food look freshChemicals made food look fresh Ex: add formaldehyde to spoiled eggsEx: add formaldehyde to spoiled eggs
Also used in embalmingAlso used in embalming Drug Companies – Drug Companies – sold Over-the-sold Over-the-
counter drugs contained cocaine and counter drugs contained cocaine and morphinemorphine
Upton Sinclair: Upton Sinclair: The The JungleJungle
Meatpacking IndustryMeatpacking IndustryExposed by author Upton Sinclair Exposed by author Upton Sinclair
in his book in his book The JungleThe JungleRotten meat would lay on the floor Rotten meat would lay on the floor
and accidents would often happen and accidents would often happen People and parts fell into meat People and parts fell into meat
grindergrinderVery dirty atmosphereVery dirty atmosphereSinclair – “I aimed at the public's Sinclair – “I aimed at the public's
heart, and by accident I hit it in the heart, and by accident I hit it in the stomach”stomach”
Government ResponseGovernment ResponseMeat Inspection Act Meat Inspection Act Required Required
federal inspection of meat federal inspection of meat shipped across state linesshipped across state lines
Pure Food and Drug ActPure Food and Drug Act - - Forbade the manufacture, sale, Forbade the manufacture, sale, or transportation of food and or transportation of food and medicine containing harmful medicine containing harmful ingredientsingredientsMust label ingredientsMust label ingredients
TR’s National Park TR’s National Park SystemSystem
TR – avid TR – avid outdoorsmen and outdoorsmen and conservationist conservationist
= legacy= legacy Knew that natural Knew that natural
resources were resources were limited – environment limited – environment needed to be savedneeded to be saved
Public land quickly Public land quickly being destroyed by being destroyed by big businessbig business
Gifford PinchotGifford Pinchot Close friend of Close friend of
RooseveltRoosevelt Founder of the Founder of the
Conservation Conservation MovementMovement
Convinced Convinced Roosevelt to Roosevelt to protect the protect the nation’s natural nation’s natural resourcesresources
Roosevelt’s SolutionRoosevelt’s Solution Withdrew the sale of millions of acres Withdrew the sale of millions of acres
of public landof public land Newlands Reclamation Act Newlands Reclamation Act – –
Made damaged land usable Made damaged land usable Established the US Forest Service Established the US Forest Service
and National Park Serviceand National Park Service 194 million acres for Nat. Parks194 million acres for Nat. Parks 42 million acres of Nat. Forest42 million acres of Nat. Forest 51 national wildlife refuges51 national wildlife refuges
Grand Canyon and Petrified ForestGrand Canyon and Petrified Forest